Co esponding au ho : Nisha S
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
P e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s in a selec ed school,
Thi u anan hapu am
Nisha S 1, *, Simi S K 2, Silpa Raj 2, Akhil Raj 2, Abhi ami S 2, Anakha S Rajee 2, Anupama S P adeep 2 and Jessy
Thomas 3
1 Depa men o Medical Su gical Nu sing, Nu sing, Kims College o Nu sing, Thi u anan hapu am, India.
2 Thi d Yea BSc Nu sing S uden s, Nu sing, Kims College o Nu sing, Thi u anan hapu am, India.
3 Depa men o Child Heal h Nu sing, Nu sing, Kims College o Nu sing, Thi u anan hapu am, India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 101-113
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 23 No embe 2024; e ised on 28 Decembe 2024; accep ed on 30 Decembe 2024
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.21.1.1098
Abs ac
Gaining independence om a ious es ic ion se by pa en s is o e joy o adolescen . Howe e , i does no always
happen as i planned. The cu en s udy was aimed o assess “P e alence o Helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s”
in a selec ed school, Thi u anan hapu am. The objec i es o he s udy we e o assess he p e alence o Helicop e
Pa en ing among adolescen s, o assess he p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing o a he s o adolescen s, o assess he
p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing o mo he s o adolescen s, o ind ou he associa ion be ween p e alence o
Helicop e Pa en ing o a he ’s and selec ed socio-pe sonal a iables and o ind ou he associa ion be ween
p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing o mo he ’s and selec ed socio-pe sonal a iables. The sample size consis s o 209
adolescen s in a selec ed school Thi u anan hapu am. The ool used was s uc u ed ques ionnai e wi h 2 sec ions,
sec ion A consis s o socio-pe sonal a iables such as age, gende , class o s udy, bi h o de , eligion, place o esidence,
annual income, occupa ion o mo he and a he , pa en ing s yle o mo he and a he and sec ion B consis s o
s anda dized Helicop e Pa en ing Ins umen which consis s o 15 s a emen s ha is a ed by a 5-poin Like scale.
The da a was analyzed wi h desc ip i e and in e en ial s a is ics by using SPSS. The esul o he p esen s udy e ealed
ha he e is mode a e p e alence o helicop e pa en ing p ac ice in adolescen s. Bo h pa en s exhibi helicop e
pa en ing beha io and among ha , majo i y o a he s (74.6%) showed helicop e pa en ing s yles han he mo he s
(74.2%).
Keywo ds: P e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing; Helicop e Pa en ing Ins umen ; Adolescen ; SPSS
1. In oduc ion
1.1. “A lo o pa en s will do any hing o hei kids excep le hem be hemsel es’’
India is a coun y whe e amilies ollow pa ia chal ideology and Indian amily is closely kni uni whe e he pa en s
play e y impo an ole. Indian pa en ing is alue-based pa en ing. I is a ac ha he e a e no uni e sal ules in
pa en ing s yles. Di e en pa en ing s yles ha e di e en impac s on kids. Each pa en s ha e unique s yle o pa en ing
which hey de elop om hei beha io al pa e n and om he en i onmen hey ha e been g own up [1].
Pa en ing s yle o Indians has been Helicop e Pa en ing h ough ages. This is deep oo ed in ou socie y and cul u e as
well. Helicop e pa en ing e e s o a s yle o pa en ing whe e pa en s a e o e ly ocused on child en and ho e ing
a ound hei child en o p o ec hem and make hem succeed in hei li e. These o e p o ec i e pa en s a e deciding
he u u e plans o hei child en wi hou eaching and demons a ing adequa e skills, o make hem independen [2].
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The ‘helicop e pa en ing’ was i s coined in 1990 (Cline and Fay,2020) ha desc ibes pa en s who ‘ho e ’ o e hei
child en. Acco ding o Hi sch and Goldbe g helicop e pa en ing is a p ocess o dis inc i e pa en ing ha ne e allowed
hei child en o make mis akes and apped hem in he ca e o s ess. I is a unique o m o pa en ing s yle ha is
gene ally desc ibed as highly in ensi e and highly in ol ed wi h hei child en [3].
A sys emic e iew was done in No way in 2022 ega ding helicop e pa en ing and i s ela ionship wi h dep ession and
anxie y. The pu pose o s udy was o assess he ela ionship be ween helicop e pa en ing and symp oms o anxie y
and dep ession. They e iewed 38 eligible esea ch a icles and he s udy quali y was assessed in acco dance wi h
Campbells Validi y Typology. Majo i y o he s udies included in his sys ema ic e iew ound a di ec ela ionship
be ween helicop e pa en ing and symp oms o anxie y and dep ession in child en [4].
A s udy was done in 2020 o assess “Do Indians ollow helicop e pa en ing” by Neelanjana Bose epo ed ha ,
helicop e pa en s do keep a ack on hei child’s de elopmen and p og ess in social, educa ional and in e pe sonal
de elopmen s and ensu e ha he child is a pa wi h o he s, in his compe i i e Wo ld. The s udy esul showed ha
helicop e pa en ing is accep able up o some le el in guiding child en bu in long e m nei he is i use ul no ad isable
o he child en because i c ea es anxie y and sel - doub in child en as hey lose con idence o do hei own wo k wi h
eedom [1].
Majo i y o he s udies showed a di ec ela ionship be ween helicop e pa en ing and symp oms o anxie y and
dep ession. I is a well-es ablished ac ha helicop e pa en ing has psychological impac s on child en and he e o e,
assessing he p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s can p o ide insigh s in o he need o modi ying
pa en ing s yles
2. Ma e ial and me hods
2.1. Hypo hesis
• H0: The e is no signi ican associa ion be ween p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen and
selec ed socio-pe sonal a iables such as age, gende , bi h o de , eligion, class o s udy, ype o amily, place
o esidence, mon hly income, occupa ion o a he occupa ion o mo he , pa en ing s yle o a he , pa en ing
s yle o mo he .
• H1: The e is a signi ican associa ion be ween p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen and
selec ed socio-pe sonal a iables such as age, gende , bi h o de , eligion, class o s udy, ype o amily, place
o esidence, mon hly income, occupa ion o a he , occupa ion o mo he , pa en ing s yle o a he , pa en ing
s yle o mo he .
2.2. Resea ch App oach
Quan i a i e esea ch app oach
2.3. Resea ch Design
Desc ip i e non expe imen al esea ch design
2.4. Se ing o he s udy
The s udy was conduc ed in a selec ed Highe Seconda y school, Thi u anan hapu am
2.5. Popula ion
• Ta ge popula ion: Adolescen
• Accessible popula ion: Adolescen s who a e s udying in ele en h and wel h s anda d o a selec ed Highe
Seconda y School, Thi u anan hapu am
2.6. Sample
Adolescen s ha include bo h boys and gi ls who a e in he age g oup o 16-18 yea s s udying in ele en h and wel h
s anda d o a selec ed Highe Seconda y School, Thi u anan hapu am who mee s he inclusion c i e ia.
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2.7. Sample size
The sample consis s o 209 adolescen s’ child en
2.8. Sampling echnique
Non-p obabili y pu posi e sampling echnique was used
2.9. C i e ia o sampling echnique
2.9.1. Inclusion c i e ia
• Adolescen s wi hin he age g oup o 16-18 yea s
• Adolescen s who can ead and w i e Malayalam and English
2.9.2. Exclusion c i e ia
• Adolescen s who we e no willing o pa icipa e in he s udy
• Adolescen s who we e no p esen a he ime o da a collec ion
• Adolescen s hose who ha e single pa en
2.10. Resea ch ool
S uc u ed s anda dized ques ionnai e o assess p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s which consis
o wo sec ions.
2.10.1. Sec ion A
Socio-pe sonal a iables such as age, gende , bi h o de , eligion, class o s udy, ype o amily, place o esidence,
mon hly income, occupa ion o mo he , occupa ion o a he , pa en ing s yle o a he and pa en ing s yle o mo he
2.10.2. Sec ion B
Helicop e Pa en ing Ins umen which consis s o 15 s a emen s o bo h a he and mo he ha a e a ed in a 5-poin
Like Scale o assess he p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s
2.11. Sco ing
Fo each s a emen he maximum sco e gi en was 75 and he minimum sco e was 15. 5-poin Like scale was used
wi h, s ongly ag ee-5, ag ee -4, neu al -3, disag ee -2, s ongly disag ee -1 o sco ing o each s a emen o bo h a he
and mo he and he sco ing was done sepa a ely o each pa en . The o al sco ing was done as ollows:
Table 1 Sco ing o Helicop e Pa en ing Ins umen
P e alence
Sco e
High
39-75
Mode a e
38-55
Low
15-37
2.12. Pilo s udy
The Pilo s udy was conduc ed among 10% o he sample a selec ed highe seconda y school, Thi u anan hapu am
2.13. Da a collec ion p ocedu e
Da a collec ion was o a pe iod o 1 mon h. The esea che s wen o he school on he day o da a collec ion, and samples
we e selec ed using non-p obabili y pu posi e sampling echnique. Helicop e pa en ing Ins umen s was gi en o he
samples who me he inclusion c i e ia and he esponse we e analyzed
2.14. Plan o da a analysis
The da a was collec ed om 209 samples using desc ip i e and in e en ial s a is ics.
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• Desc ip i e s a is ics: In he p esen s udy, equency and pe cen age we e used o analyze he socio-pe sonal
a iables
• In e en ial s a is ics: In his s udy, Chi-Squa e was used o analyze he associa ion be ween p e alence o
helicop e pa en ing among adolescen s and selec ed socio-pe sonal a iables.
The da a collec ed we e analyzed using S a is ical Package o Social Sciences, (SPSS) so wa e, IBM SPSS e sion 20
3. Resul s and discussion
3.1. O ganiza ion o s udy indings
The da a we e analyzed unde he ollowing headings
• Sec ion A: Dis ibu ion o samples based on socio- pe sonal a iables
• Sec ion B: P e alence o helicop e pa en ing among mo he s o adolescen s
• Sec ion C: P e alence o helicop e pa en ing among a he s o adolescen s
• Sec ion D: Associa ion be ween p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among a he s and selec ed socio pe sonal
a iables such as age, gende , class o s udy, bi h o de , eligion, ype o amily, place o esidence, annual
mon hly income, occupa ion o a he , pa en ing s yles o a he
• Sec ion E: Associa ion be ween p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among mo he s and selec ed socio pe sonal
a iables such as age, gende , class o s udy, bi h o de , eligion, ype o amily, place o esidence, annual
mon hly income, occupa ion o mo he , pa en ing s yles o mo he
3.1.1. Sec ion A: Dis ibu ion o samples based on socio pe sonal a iables
• Age: Ou o 209 subjec s 24.90% we e 17 yea s, 53.60% we e 18 yea s, and 21.50% we e 19 yea s
Figu e 1 F equency and pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s acco ding o age
• Gende : Majo i y o he samples we e boys 59.8% and 40.2% we e gi ls
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Figu e 2 F equency and pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s acco ding o hei gende
• Class o s udy: 47.40% o subjec s we e class XI and 52.60% o subjec s we e class XII
Figu e 3 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s acco ding o hei classes
• Bi h o de : 61.20% we e i s child, 35.40% we e second child, and 3.30% we e hi d and mo e
Figu e 4 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s acco ding o bi h o de
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• Religion: Majo i y, 74.60% belongs o Hindu, 21.10% belongs o Muslim, and 4.30% belongs o Ch is ian
communi ies
Figu e 5 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o samples acco ding o eligion
• Place o esidence: 43.50% belongs o u al a ea, 14.40% belongs o u ban a ea, 42.10% belongs o semi- u ban
a ea espec i ely
Figu e 6 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s based on place o esidence
• Type o amily: Majo i y, 75.10% belongs o nuclea amily, 22% belongs o join amily, and 2.90% belongs o
ex ended amily
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Figu e 7 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec based on ype o amily
• Annual income o amily: Resul s shows ha ou o 209 subjec s, 13.40% belongs o annual income below 20000
Rs/-, 67.50% belongs o annual income 20000 – 100000 Rs/- and 19.10% belongs o annual income abo e
100000 Rs/- espec i ely
Figu e 8 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec based on annual income o amily
• Occupa ion o mo he : Majo i y o he mo he s, 58.90% we e jobless, 15.30% we e Go . employees, and
25.80% we e p i a e /sel -employees espec i ely
Figu e 9 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s based on occupa ion o mo he
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• Occupa ion o a he : 20.60% we e go employee,78% we e p i a e/sel -employed, 1.40% we e jobless
Figu e 10 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s based on occupa ion o a he
Pa en ing s yle o a he : 37.30% we e o e p o ec i e, 62.20% we e libe al, and 0.50% we e unin ol ed
Figu e 11 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s based on pa en ing s yle o a he
• Pa en ing s yle o mo he : 26.30% we e o e p o ec i e, 70.30% we e libe al, and 3.30% we e unin ol ed
Figu e 12 Pe cen age dis ibu ion o subjec s based on pa en ing s yle o mo he
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3.1.2. Sec ion B: P e alence o helicop e pa en ing among mo he s o adolescen s
Table 2 F equency and pe cen age dis ibu ion o samples acco ding o p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing o mo he s
(n=209)
SN.
Ca ego y
F equency( )
Pe cen age (%)
1
High (56-75)
44
21.1%
2
Mode a e (38-55)
155
74.2%
3
Low (15-37)
10
4.8%
Table 1 e eals ha majo i y 155 (74.2%) o mo he s shows mode a e p e alence o helicop e pa en ing
3.1.3. Sec ion C: P e alence o helicop e pa en ing among a he s o adolescen s
Table 3 F equency and pe cen age dis ibu ion o samples acco ding o p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing o a he s
(n=209)
SN.
Ca ego y
F equency( )
Pe cen age (%)
1
High (56-75)
34
16.3%
2
Mode a e (38-55)
156
74.6%
3
Low (15-37)
19
9.1%
Table 2 e eals ha majo i y 156 (74.6%) o a he s shows mode a e p e alence o helicop e pa en ing
3.1.4. Sec ion D: Associa ion be ween p e alence o helicop e pa en ing among a he s and selec ed socio pe sonal
a iables such as age, gende , bi h o de , eligion, ype o amily, place o esidence, annual mon hly income, occupa ion
o a he , pa en ing s yles o a he
Table 4 Chi squa e showing associa ion be ween p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing among a he s wi h age` (n=209)
Va iables
F equency
P e alence
Deg ee o eedom(d )
Chi-squa e alue(χ2)
High
Mode a e
Low
Age
16
52
10
38
4
2
*38.938
17
112
17
85
10
18
45
7
33
5
*Signi ican a 0.05; Table 3 showed ha he e is s a is ically signi ican associa ion be ween age and p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing among
a he s. Calcula ed alue (38.938) is g ea e han abula ed alue (5.99). Hence H1 is accep ed
Table 5 Chi squa e alue showing associa ion be ween p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing among a he wi h gende
(n=209)
Va iables
F equency
P e alence
Deg ee o eedom(d )
Chi-squa e alue(χ2)
High
Mode a e
Low
Gende
Gi l
84
18
61
5
1
*8.043
Boy
125
16
95
14
*Signi ican a 0.05 Table 4 showed ha he e is s a is ically signi ican associa ion be ween gende and p e alence o Helicop e Pa en ing among
a he s. Calcula ed alue (8.043) is g ea e han abula ed alue (3.84). Hence H1 is accep ed.
