Co esponding au ho : Akondji Bainako o a Dieudonné
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License 4.0.
Figh agains insalub i y linked o solid was e gene a ed a he cen al ma ke o he
ci y o Kisangani, in he Democ a ic Republic o Congo om 15 /11 o 15 /12 2023
Indani Remo Jean-Ch e ien 1 and Akondji Bainako o a Dieudonné 2, *
1 Depa men o Epidemiology, Highe Ins i u e o Medical echniques o Kisangani, RD Congo.
2 Depa men o P i a e and Judicial Law, Uni e si y o Kisangani, Facul y o Law, RD Congo.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 2733-2742
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 30 Ma ch 2025; e ised on 16 May 2025; accep ed on 18 May 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.2.1383
Abs ac
In oduc ion: Was e managemen is a he hea o de elopmen issues. I has a di ec impac on he good go e nance
o u ban cen e s, jus as i challenges e e yone's ela ionship wi h he en i onmen and public space. Poo was e
managemen con ibu es o clima e change and ai pollu ion, di ec ly a ec ing many ecosys ems and species.
The s udy has he ollowing objec i es: Iden i y he p oblems ha p e en he sani a ion and managemen o was e
gene a ed a he cen al ma ke in he ci y o Kisangani.
Me hodology: This is a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional and quan i a i e s udy on he issue o was e managemen a
Kisangani's cen al ma ke om 15 /11 o 15 /12 2023.
The popula ion o his s udy is composed o all was e sani a ion wo ke s o he cen al ma ke o he ci y o Kisangani.
Da a we e collec ed using an in e iew echnique based on a p e-es ablished ques ionnai e.
Resul s: A e analysis, we a i ed a he ollowing esul s: 1. The sani a ion and was e managemen se ice o he
cen al ma ke o he ci y o Kisangani exis s, ope a ing wi h an insu icien numbe o s a ; 2. emune a ion is egula
bu modes , no allowing hem o make ends mee o he mon h and o mee he cos s o medical ca e.
Keywo ds: Insalub i y; Managemen ; Was e; Gene a ed; Cen al Ma ke
1. In oduc ion
The sani a ion sec o in he ci y o Kisangani is cha ac e ized by he inadequacy o exis ing sani a ion se ices, coupled
wi h popula ion g ow h, leading o en i onmen al deg ada ion and a eal h ea o public heal h.
Wi h 15 m3 o was e p oduced daily by Kisangani's cen al ma ke , he ma ke 's use s a e now aced wi h e i able
moun ains o il h! [1].
The Kisangani cen al ma ke is home o a numbe o ga bage pi s. As a esul o his cohabi a ion, he ma ke 's
me chan s a e no longe ashamed o sell ood p oduc s alongside ga bage o all kinds, almos o ming elie s. A isi o
he si e is enough o ealize he isk o disease caused by his il h.
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Spending some ime in Kisangani's cen al ma ke is no longe a good ime. Mos o he buye s in his ading a ea a e
o ced o pinch hei noses o p o ec hemsel es om he bad smells ha pollu e he en i onmen . Wo se s ill, a e
se ling on he ga bage, lies end up on he ish, mea , ege ables and o he oods u s on sale.
The insalub ious na u e o Kisangani's cen al ma ke is a majo ac o in he de elopmen o di y-hand diseases, in
pa icula yphoid e e , which is now endemic in se e al dis ic s o his municipali y.
Was e managemen , howe e , is a he e y hea o de elopmen issues. I has a di ec impac on he good go e nance
o u ban cen e s, jus as i challenges e e yone's ela ionship wi h hings and public space.
So ing is a necessa y ac ion, educing he quan i y o was e by educing he olume o was e, which in u n educes
collec ion and ea men cos s. Was e p oduced a ma ke s is a ese oi o mic o-o ganisms ha can in ec endo s,
buye s and compos ing wo ke s.
An Anses s udy o 28 was e managemen sec o s e ealed ha exposu e o was e is one o he heal h isk ac o s o
wo ke s in his sec o (was e collec ion, eco e y and disposal). A ound 85% o he was e p oduced a ma ke s is
in ec ious. In some cases, his was e is incine a ed in he open ai , and i s combus ion can lead o he emission o dioxins,
u ans, pa icles and desse gases [2].
In he ield o was e managemen , imp o emen s a e based on he ollowing elemen s: Se ing up a comp ehensi e
was e disposal sys em; aising awa eness o was e- ela ed isks and p ac ices o ensu e he sa e y o wo ke s and o he s
[3].
People in cha ge o ma ke was e disposal expe ience mo e espi a o y, in es inal and skin diso de s. O he mo e se e e
mani es a ions, such as as hma and cases o pulmona y aspe gillosis, can also be obse ed.
Poo was e managemen con ibu es o clima e change and ai pollu ion, di ec ly a ec ing many ecosys ems and
species. Land ills, conside ed he las op ion in he was e hie a chy, also elease me hane, a po en g eenhouse gas
associa ed wi h clima e change. Me hane is p oduced by mic o-o ganisms ha h i e on he biodeg adable was e such
as ood, pape o g een was e p esen in hese land ills. Depending on hei design, land ills can also con amina e soil
and wa e [4].
App op ia e managemen o o ganic ma ke was e, such as inedible o unused ood, can educe dependence on chemical
e ilize s, help es o e soil e ili y and imp o e wa e e en ion and nu ien supply o plan s. Mo e b oadly, by
educing ood was e, was e managemen also helps educe g eenhouse gas emissions ha con ibu e o clima e change.
I is es ima ed ha ood loss and was e gene a e 8-10% o global g eenhouse gas emissions [5].
Desi e, buy, consume, h ow away and epea : his is a simple cycle o was e p oduc ion wi hou ealizing i . Today,
billions o onnes o was e a e p oduced wo ldwide in a single yea . While he as majo i y o de eloped coun ies ha e
made was e ea men an en i onmen al p io i y, o he , much mo e ulne able na ions a e unable o keep pace and a e
c umbling unde moun ains o was e [6].
In Eu ope, a ound 10% o o al was e p oduc ion consis s o “municipal was e”, in o he wo ds, was e gene a ed mainly
by households and, o a lesse ex en , by small businesses and public ins i u ions such as ma ke s, schools and hospi als
[7].
Kinshasa's cen al ma ke p oduces o e 60 cubic me e s o ubbish a day. E e y e ening, se e al eams a e mobilized
o clean he a ious pa emen s and a enues su ounding his ading cen e . Bu only wo ucks belonging o he Régie
d'assainissemen e des a aux publics de Kinshasa (RATPK) a e a ailable o clean up he ga bage. These ehicles o en
b eak down, o cing he cleane s o make se e al o a ions a day, acco ding o RATPK o icials. As a esul , he ubbish
ha has no been emo ed con inues o lie nex o he s alls. Wha 's mo e, he agen s in cha ge o was e collec ion a e
no longe egula , as hei sala ies ha e been lowe ed and hei numbe s educed; he places buil in he nine communes
o was e collec ion ha e been abandoned, emo ed o des oyed.
As a esul , go e nmen spokesman Dominique Weloli jus i ied he ci y's sani a ion di icul ies by poin ing o he non-
e ocession o 40% o na ional e enue ees o he p o inces.
The Ma ché Cen al de Shabunda in Maniema p o ince has no been spa ed. I su e s om he same si ua ion o gene al
insalub i y caused by he dys unc ion o he S a e se ices esponsible o cleaning up he en i onmen o he Ma ke
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 2733-2742
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and i s su oundings; he ecological igno ance o endo s abou he damaging e ec s o insalub i y on human heal h;
and he non-applica ion o pollu e -pays measu es [8].
Kisangani is always di y. Wha e e he Kisangani ille-p op e ope a ion, no hing has changed. The cen al ma ke is
looded wi h il h. The wide a ie y o was e p oduced a he cen al ma ke , and he di icul ies in ol ed in collec ing
and disposing o i , expose endo s, buye s and wo ke s o a wide ange o dange s: oxic chemical and elec onic
subs ances, mould, bac e ia, high empe a u es, he p esence o sha p objec s, e c. [9].
Was e ha is no p ope ly collec ed ends up in he en i onmen , causing isual and ol ac o y pollu ion. When i
decomposes, i s componen s a e eleased and pollu e he en i onmen . These componen s pe sis o a ying leng hs
o ime in na u e (Mashi Bagalwa, Ka ume K, 2018) [9].
Indeed, in mos ci ies in unde de eloped coun ies, poo was e managemen is plausible.
This s a e o a ai s p omp s us o pose he ollowing single esea ch ques ion:
• Wha a e he p oblems ela ed o he managemen o was e p oduced a he cen al ma ke in he ci y o
Kisangani?
1.1. Resea ch objec i e
• Iden i y he p oblems ha p e en was e gene a ed a he cen al ma ke in he ci y o Kisangani om being
p ope ly disposed o .
1.2. Resea ch goal
• The ul ima e aim o his esea ch is o aise he awa eness o use s o Kisangani's cen al ma ke , and he
poli ical and adminis a i e au ho i ies who manage i , o he need o each o hem o ake pa in keeping he
place clean. The aim is o ensu e he heal h o he whole communi y, a sou ce o de elopmen .
1.3. Aim o he s udy
We conduc ed his s udy wi h a iew o p o ec ing ou en i onmen om unheal hy condi ions. In his way, science can
only e ol e when se e al esea che s a e conce ned wi h inding a solu ion o a p oblem acing socie y. In e es is he
e y d i ing o ce behind ac ion. The e is no ac ion wi hou in e es .
So, as a as his s udy is conce ned, i has wo in e es s:
On a scien i ic le el: i en iches documen a ion in he con ex o was e compos ing wo k o anyone ( esea che , pa ne ,
e c.) who wan s o in e ene o in es in his sec o .
On a p ac ical le el: his esea ch is in ended as a ame o e e ence, o aise awa eness among he popula ion,
pa icula ly wo ke s in ol ed in was e managemen , o a oid heal h isks and he ansmission o diseases due o poo
was e managemen , as well as he use o p o ec i e equipmen .
Consequen ly, he ci y au ho i ies will be in o med and sensi ized on he subjec wi h he aim o cleaning up he ma ke
by ecycling he was e p oduced he e o ag icul u al use by e ilizing he soil.
2. Me hodology
2.1. Type o s udy
This is a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional and quan i a i e s udy on he igh agains insalub i y linked o solid was e
gene a ed in he cen al ma ke o he ci y o Kisangani, in he Democ a ic Republic o Congo om 15 /11 o 15 /12
2023.
2.2. S udy popula ion
The popula ion o his s udy is composed o all was e sani a ion wo ke s in he cen al ma ke o he ci y o Kisangani.
As hey o a e, i was di icul o b ing hem oge he , so we d ew a ep esen a i e sample o acili a e he s udy.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 2733-2742
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Gi en he impo ance o his s udy, ou sample comp ised 52 agen s who had shown good ai h in esponding o ou
ques ionnai e.
2.3. Da a collec ion me hods and echniques
In iew o all hese conside a ions, and aking in o accoun he na u e and pu pose o ou s udy, as well as he di e en
le els o educa ion o ou s udy popula ion, we op ed o he in e oga o y me hod, whose in e iew echnique enabled
us o collec he da a. We used a ques ionnai e ha we designed and adminis e ed o he esponden s, in he o m o a
s uc u ed in e iew.
Once we had inished wi h he ma ke adminis a ion, we we e accompanied by an agen om he adminis a ion o
collec he da a. In iew o he ime a ailable, da a collec ion ook place e e y Tuesday, Thu sday and F iday om 10
a.m. o 2 p.m..
We he e o e andomly adminis e ed da a o 52 agen s, making up he size o ou s udy popula ion.
2.4. Da a p ocessing
The da a collec ed we e p ocessed and encoded using Mic oso O ice Excel 2013 and SPSS 20.1. Resul s we e
p esen ed in abula o m. Da a analysis was made possible by calcula ing equencies and pe cen ages.
3. Resul s
3.1. Age g oup and gende o esponden s
Table 1 Age and gende dis ibu ion o esponden s
Age g oup
(in yea s)
Gende
To al
Female
Male
%
%
%
24-30
2
3.8
10
19.2
12
23
31-37
4
7.7
12
23.1
16
30.8
38-44
4
7.7
12
23.1
16
30.8
45-51
0
0
8
15.4
8
15.4
To al
10
19.2
42
80.3
52
100
The eam o was e compos ing wo ke s a Kisangani's cen al ma ke was ound o be made up o 80.3% males aged
be ween 31 and 44, i.e. 61.6%.
3.2. S udy subjec s' le el o educa ion
Table 2 Dis ibu ion o esponden s by le el o educa ion
Le el o educa ion
%
Seconda y
8
15.4
P ima y
28
53.8
Illi e a e
16
30.8
To al
52
100
This s udy showed ha he majo i y o compos ing wo ke s in Kisangani's cen al ma ke we e p ima y school
g adua es (53.8%), ollowed by illi e a es (30.8%).
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3.3. Ma i al s a us
Table 3 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s by ma i al s a us
Ma i al s a us
%
Ma ied
34
65.4
Single
18
34.6
To al
52
100
A e analyzing he da a om his s udy, we ound ha 65.4% o he subjec s we e ma ied, compa ed wi h 34.6% who
we e single.
3.4. Va iables unde s udy
3.4.1. Sou ce o was e gene a ed a he ma ke
Table 4 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s by was e sou ce N=52
Sou ce o was e
%
anspo Vehicles
9
17.3
S o es and bou iques
13
25
Res au an s
29
55.8
Vendo s
52
100
The main sou ces o was e p oduc ion would be salespeople and es au an s, acco ding o 100% and 55.8% o he
espec i e subjec s.
3.4.2. Reasons o he p esence o ubbish hills a ound he ma ke
Table 5 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s acco ding o easons o p esence o ubbish hills a ound he ma ke N=52
Reasons o p esence o ubbish hills
%
Insu icien numbe o wo ke s
28
53.8
Lack o wo king ma e ials
33
63.5
De-mo i a ion o sani a ion wo ke s
47
90.4
Acco ding o 90.3%, 63.5% and 53.8% o esponden s espec i ely, he main easons o he p esence o ubbish hills
a ound he ma ke a e he lack o mo i a ion among sani a ion wo ke s, he lack o wo king ma e ials and he
insu icien numbe o wo ke s in he sani a ion sec o .
3.4.3. Composi ion o was e om Kisangani's cen al ma ke
Table 6 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s by was e composi ion N=52
Was e composi ion
%
Clo h sh eds, bags
6
11.5
Unsold and decomposed ood
10
19.2
Animal was e and blood, bones
20
38.5
G een lea es, ege ables, packaging, pape , bags, plas ic bo les
38
73.1
All ma ke esidues
48
92.3
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Was e is made up o e e y hing le o e om he ma ke (92.3%); g een lea es, ege ables, packaging, pape , bags,
plas ic bo les acco ding o 73.1%; o , bones and animal blood acco ding o 38.5% o hose su eyed.
3.4.4. Exis ence o a sani a ion se ice and cen al ma ke was e managemen
Da a analysis showed ha he sani a ion and was e managemen depa men a Kisangani's cen al ma ke is
unde s a ed, acco ding o all esponden s (100% o cases). The se ice is inanced by e enues gene a ed by ma ke
s all axes.
3.4.5. Wo ke p o ec ion
Table 7 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s acco ding o p o ec ion agains biological agen s
P o ec ion
%
No p o ec ion
16
30.8
Yes
36
69.2
To al
52
100
The s udy showed ha 36 subjec s, o 69.2%, said hey we e p o ec ed agains biological agen s, compa ed wi h 30.8%
who said hey we e no .
3.4.6. P o ec i e equipmen
Table 8 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s acco ding o p o ec i e equipmen agains biological agen s N=36
Equipmen de p o ec ion
%
Ves
12
33.3
Mu le
15
41.7
Glo es
21
58.3
Boo s
36
100
P o ec i e equipmen would be boo s (100%), glo es (58.3%) and mu le s (41.7%) in all cases.
3.4.7. Remune a ion
All he subjec s in he s udy, i.e. 100% o cases, s a ed ha hei emune a ion was egula bu modes , making i
impossible o hem o make ends mee and pay o medical ca e.
3.4.8. High- isk wo k
The esul s o his s udy indica ed ha all he subjec s in he s udy, i.e. 100% o cases, ecognized ha cleaning up ma ke
was e cons i u es a e y high heal h isk job o which he public is exposed.
3.4.9. Risks aced by sani a ion wo ke s a he cen al ma ke
Table 9 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s acco ding o isks incu ed by sani a ion wo ke s a he N=52
Risk incu ed
%
In oxica ion
19
36.5
Mycoses
26
50
In ec ions
52
100
Wounds
52
100
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The main isks incu ed by sani a ion wo ke s in he cen al ma ke would be in ec ions and Wounds (100% da a
exquo), mycoses a 50% and in oxica ion a 23.1% o he espec i e cases.
3.4.10. P oposal o imp o e wo king condi ions
Table 10 Dis ibu ion o s udy subjec s acco ding o p oposals o imp o ing wo king condi ions N=52
P oposal o imp o e wo king condi ions
%
Pu chase o ehicles (skips, e c.) o apid and sa e e acua ion
10
19.2
Equip wo ke s wi h mode n p o ec i e equipmen
27
51.9
P o ide heal h ca e o wo ke s who a e se iously exposed o heal h isks
39
75
Pay wo ke s a decen wage
52
100
Gi ing wo ke s a decen wage, p o iding heal h ca e o wo ke s who a e se iously exposed o heal h isks, and
equipping wo ke s wi h mode n p o ec i e equipmen we e he p oposals made o imp o e wo king condi ions
acco ding o 100%, 75% and 51.9% o he espec i e subjec s.
4. Discussion and commen s
4.1. Age g oup and gende
The eam o was e compos ing wo ke s a Kisangani's cen al ma ke was ound o be made up o 80.3% males aged
be ween 31 and 44, o 61.6%.
As his is a di icul and unheal hy job, we belie e ha women a e no in e es ed in his ype o wo k.
4.2. S udy subjec s' educa ional le el
In his s udy, we ound ha he majo i y o compos ing wo ke s in Kisangani's cen al ma ke we e p ima y school
g adua es (53.8%), ollowed by illi e a es (30.8%).
This si ua ion can be explained by he ac ha i is educa ion ha shapes and p epa es good ci izens. Howe e , an
in ellec ual would no ha e access o such a job. As hey ha e no o he ac i i ies, i is only people wi h a low le el o
educa ion who can easily access his kind o job.
4.3. Ma i al s a us
A e analyzing he da a om his s udy, we ound ha 65.4% o he subjec s we e ma ied, compa ed wi h 34.6% who
we e single.
We belie e ha ma ied people wo k ha d o p o ide o hei amilies.
4.4. Va iables unde s udy
4.4.1. Sou ce o was e gene a ed a he ma ke
The main sou ces o was e gene a ion would be he endo s and es au an s, acco ding o 100% and 55.8% o he
espec i e subjec s.
Desi ing, buying, consuming, h owing away by ma ke use s cons i u es a simple cycle o was e p oduc ion wi hou
hei ealizing i (Fodha, H. and J.K. Symens, 2007) [6].
Kinshasa's cen al ma ke p oduces mo e han 60 cubic me e s o ubbish pe day, while in Kisangani, he ma ke
p oduces almos 15m3 o was e pe day.
In ou opinion, he ma ke is a gene a o o was e, all he mo e so as i is a place pa excellence whe e buye s and selle s
mee and ade. Comme cial ac i i ies do gene a e was e.
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4.4.2. Reasons o he p esence o ga bage hills a ound he ma ke
Acco ding o 90.3%, 63.5% and 53.8% o esponden s espec i ely, he main easons o he p esence o hills o ubbish
a ound he ma ke a e he lack o mo i a ion among sani a ion wo ke s, he lack o wo king ma e ials and he sho age
o wo ke s in he sani a ion sec o .
Kinshasa's cen al ma ke p oduces o e 60 cubic me e s o ubbish a day, while Kisangani's ma ke p oduces almos
15m3 o was e a day.
E e y day, use s o he cen al ma ke ca y ou hei ac i i ies and p oduce was e ha should be e acua ed by he i led
se ice. Disposing o his was e is no easy ask. In ou opinion, he demo i a ion o wo ke s in his sec o is he eason
o he hills o ubbish su ounding Kisangani's cen al ma ke .
4.4.3. Composi ion o Kisangani cen al ma ke was e
Was e is made up o e e y hing le o e om he ma ke (92.3%); g een lea es, ege ables, packaging, pape , bags,
plas ic bo les, acco ding o 73.1%; o , bones and animal blood, acco ding o 38.5% o hose su eyed.
The p ocessing and disposal o ma ke was e can indi ec ly en ail heal h isks o wo ke s, due o he elease o
pa hogens and oxic pollu an s in o he en i onmen . They include pape , packaging ma e ials, unsold and damaged
goods, o ganic and ino ganic ma e ials, which con ain haza dous subs ances and chemicals ha can ad e sely a ec he
heal h o hose handling hem.
4.4.4. Exis ence o a cen al ma ke sani a ion and was e managemen se ice
The da a analysis showed ha he cen al ma ke sani a ion and was e managemen se ice exis s wi h an insu icien
numbe o s a acco ding o all he subjec s s udied, i.e. 100% o cases. The se ice is inanced by e enues gene a ed
by ma ke s all axes.
Kisangani's cen al ma ke is a e enue-gene a ing adminis a i e en i y managed by he mayo 's o ice. I has a
specialized sani a ion depa men which, in ou opinion, is no well supe ised.
4.4.5. Wo ke p o ec ion
The esul s o his s udy showed ha 36 subjec s, o 69.2%, had s a ed ha hey we e p o ec ed agains biological
agen s, compa ed wi h 30.8% who had no .
Regula ions lay down a numbe o p ecau ions o be aken o ensu e p ope was e managemen , p o ec ing he
en i onmen and human heal h. Gene ally speaking, he e m "was e managemen " encompasses all ac i i ies in ol ed
in he o ganiza ion o was e managemen , om i s p oduc ion o i s inal ea men . I includes was e collec ion,
anspo a ion, ea men and disposal. Each o hese ac i i ies is go e ned by ules se ou in he F ench En i onmen
Code, and each playe is subjec o a numbe o obliga ions [4].
We belie e ha isk p e en ion in he was e ea men sec o should ake place a se e al le els, om plan design o
ope a ion, om collec i e p o ec ion o indi idual p o ec ion o wo ke s. In e ms o pe sonnel p o ec ion, i is he
employe 's esponsibili y o iden i y he haza ds o which wo ke s a e exposed, o p o ide he equi ed p o ec i e
equipmen (clo hing, sa e y oo wea , high- isibili y es , glo es, goggles, dus mask o gas mask) and o ensu e special
medical su eillance.
4.4.6. P o ec i e equipmen
P o ec i e equipmen would be boo ies (100%); glo es (58.3%) and nose co e (41.7%) in all cases.
Was e sani a ion is a p ocess ha allows he deg ada ion o o ganic ma e in was e in condi ion. The ea men and
elimina ion o his was e may esul in he elease o ce ain pollu an s in o he na u al en i onmen , wi h a consequen
impac on human heal h. Employe s mus he e o e p o ide wo ke s wi h a ce ain amoun o equipmen o make hei
wo k easie and sa e .
4.4.7. Ea nings
All he subjec s in he s udy, i.e. 100% o cases, s a ed ha hei emune a ion was egula bu modes , making i
impossible o hem o make ends mee and pay o medical ca e.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 2733-2742
2741
In Tshopo P o ince and he ci y o Kisangani, he sani a ion sec o in gene al, and solid was e managemen in pa icula ,
is neglec ed and poo ly inanced by bo h public au ho i ies and de elopmen pa ne s. I s inancing is he esponsibili y
o he mayo 's o ice, which collec s sani a ion axes om ma ke endo s.
In ou opinion, i 's a lack o lo e o one's ellow man ha pays sani a ion wo ke s a sala y ha doesn' allow hem o
ake ca e o hemsel es.
4.4.8. High- isk wo k
The esul s o his s udy indica ed ha all subjec s in he s udy, i.e. 100% o cases, ecognized ha ma ke was e
sani a ion cons i u es a job wi h a e y high heal h isk o which he public is exposed.
In F ance, he was e collec ion, ea men and disposal sec o is one o he occupa ional sec o s epo ing he mos
equen and mos se ious occupa ional acciden s.
Was e con ains se e al pa hogens such as Balan idium coli, Shigella lexne i, Asca is lomb icoides and Esche ichia coli,
which can be associa ed wi h dia heal diseases commonly encoun e ed in heal h cen e s a is ics [10].
The main p oblems conce ning he disposal o was e p oduced a he ma ke a e he wo ke s' lack o awa eness o he
heal h haza ds and hei ailu e o p o ec hemsel es [3].
4.4.9. Risk incu ed by sani a ion wo ke s
The main isks aced by sani a ion wo ke s in he cen al ma ke a e in ec ions and inju ies (100% exquo), mycosis
(50%) and poisoning (23.1%).
The Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion de ines en i onmen al heal h as " he aspec s o human heal h, including quali y o li e,
de e mined by he physical, chemical, biological, social and psychosocial ac o s in ou en i onmen [4].
A ound 85% o he was e p oduced a ma ke s is in ec ious. In some cases, his was e is incine a ed in he open ai , and
i s combus ion can lead o he emission o dioxins, u ans, pa icula es and desse gases. Compos e s also expe ience
mo e espi a o y, in es inal and skin diso de s. Mo e se e e symp oms such as as hma and cases o pulmona y
aspe gillosis can also be obse ed [2].
The sani a ion o was e exposes wo ke s in his sec o o ce ain heal h isks. Was e no only pollu es he en i onmen ,
i is also a highly di e se sou ce o disease. These include bac e ia, i uses, pa asi es and ungi, which can cause mala ia,
ood poisoning, yphoid e e , chole a, dia hoea and mo e. Poo was e managemen is a he oo o he public heal h
p oblem, all he mo e so as i is he dominan ac o in he c ea ion o nes s o he p oduc ion o ec o s ha h ea en
heal h (mosqui oes, lies, cock oaches, mice, e c.).
4.4.10. P oposal o imp o e wo king condi ions
Acco ding o 100%, 75% and 51.9% o esponden s espec i ely, p oposals o imp o e wo king condi ions included
paying wo ke s a decen wage, p o iding heal h ca e o wo ke s who a e se iously exposed o heal h isks, and
equipping wo ke s wi h mode n p o ec i e equipmen .
In he ield o household was e managemen , imp o emen s a e based on he ollowing elemen s: Se ing up a
comp ehensi e was e disposal sys em; aising awa eness o was e- ela ed isks and p ac ices o ensu e he sa e y o
wo ke s and o he s [3].
Kisangani's cen al ma ke p oduces a lo o ubbish e e y day. E e y e ening, se e al people a e mobilized o clean up
his ading a ea. Howe e , he e is only one ehicle belonging o he Mai ie, which is made a ailable o wo ke s o
emo e all his was e. This ehicle o en b eaks down, o cing he wo ke s o make se e al o a ions a day by mo o cycle
icycle. As a esul , he ubbish ha hasn' been emo ed con inues o lie nex o he s alls.
5. Conclusion
This s udy is desc ip i e in na u e, wi h a c oss-sec ional ocus on he "p oblem o managing he was e gene a ed by
Kisangani's cen al ma ke , om 15 /11 o 15 /12 2022".
