In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5092 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
The In luence o Sambilo o Lea Ex ac (And og aphis Panicula a Nees) on
His opa hologic Imaging o The Li e o Male Wis a Ra s
( Ra us No e gicus) on a High Choles e ol Die
Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky1, De i Riskiyan i Tallo Mana e2, Ani a Lindesni Shin a Ama 3,
E isca Meliyui a Bo u Damanik4
1Facul y o Medicine and Ve e ina ian, Uni e si as Nusa Cendana
2Depa emen o Physiology, Facul y o Medicine and Ve e ina ian, Uni e si as Nusa Cendana
3Depa emen o Biochemis y, Facul y o Medicine and Ve e ina ian, Uni e si as Nusa Cendana
4Depa emen o Ana omy Pa hology, Facul y o Medicine and Ve e ina ian, Uni e si as Nusa Cendana
ABSTRACT: Ele a ed choles e ol le els can lead o a ious diseases and educe quali y o li e, including non-alcoholic a y li e
disease (NAFLD), which poses a g owing global heal h conce n. And og aphis panicula a (sambilo o) con ains and og apholide, a
bioac i e compound known o inhibi choles e ol syn hesis, sugges ing i s po en ial as a he bal al e na i e o manage
hype choles e olemia. This s udy aimed o e alua e he e ec o sambilo o lea ex ac (And og aphis panicula a Nees) on he li e
his opa hology o male Wis a a s (Ra us no egicus) ed a high-choles e ol die . This ue expe imen al labo a o y s udy used a
pos - es con ol g oup design wi h andomized p obabili y sampling. Ra s we e di ided in o six g oups: no mal con ol, nega i e
con ol, posi i e con ol (a o as a in), and h ee ea men g oups ecei ing sambilo o ex ac a doses o 200, 400, and 800
mg/kgBW. Li e his opa hology was assessed using he NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e (NAS), and da a we e analyzed using he K uskal–
Wallis es ollowed by pos hoc LSD analysis. The esul s showed a signi ican e ec o sambilo o ex ac on li e his opa hological
changes (p = 0.028, p < 0.05), al hough no signi ican di e ences we e obse ed among he di e en dosage g oups. In conclusion,
sambilo o lea ex ac has a signi ican in luence on imp o ing li e his opa hological p o iles in male Wis a a s ed a high-
choles e ol die .
KEYWORDS: Sambilo o, Wis a Ra s, Hipe choles e olemia, NAFLD ac i i y sco e
INTRODUCTION
Hype choles e olemia is a condi ion cha ac e ized by high le els o choles e ol in he blood, which can lead o he na owing o blood
essels. Acco ding o he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion, hype choles e olemia is one o he non-communicable diseases esponsible o
71% o dea hs wo ldwide.(1) Acco ding o he Minis y o Heal h o he Republic o Indonesia, 43.8% o 96 indi iduals who isi ed
he In eg a ed Coaching Pos (Posbindu) o non-communicable disease sc eening in Eas Nusa Tengga a (NTT) we e ound o ha e
hype choles e olemia.(2) One o he consequences o hype choles e olemia is non-alcoholic a y li e disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is
one o he leading causes o li e disease globally and is associa ed wi h a ious me abolic condi ions such as obesi y, ype 2 diabe es,
hype lipidemia, hype ension, and me abolic synd ome. A s udy by Buzze i e al. (2016) also demons a ed ha excessi e lipid in ake
in hype lipidemia can ac i a e in lamma o y pa hways, leading o in lamma ion and ib osis, as seen in NAFLD and NASH.(3)
Hype choles e olemia is belie ed by he Indonesian popula ion o be ea able h ough a ious he bal emedies. One o he plan s
belie ed by Indonesians o help manage hype choles e olemia is Sambilo o (And og aphis panicula a).(4)Va ious s udies conduc ed
by Toppo e al. (2017), Akh a e al. (2016), and Liu e al. (2020) ha e shown ha Sambilo o ex ac , speci ically and og apholide
and i s de i a i es can help educe lipid accumula ion in he li e s o animals ed wi h a high- a die , and can also help egula e
me abolic al e a ions in obese a s back o no mal le els.(5–7)
METHOD
The me hod used in his s udy was a labo a o y expe imen al s udy wi h a ue expe imen al design pos - es wi h con ol g oup
app oach. The esea ch subjec s we e di ided in o six g oups, namely he no mal g oup (s anda d eed, CMC, and dis illed wa e ad
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5093 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
libi um); he nega i e con ol g oup (s anda d eed, CMC, dis illed wa e ad libi um, and hype choles e ol die ); he posi i e con ol
g oup (a o as a in, s anda d eed, CMC, dis illed wa e ad libi um, and hype choles e ol die ); ea men g oup 1 (sambilo o ex ac
solu ion a a dose o 200 mg/kgBW, s anda d eed, CMC, dis illed wa e ad libi um, and hype choles e ol die ); ea men g oup 2
(sambilo o ex ac solu ion a a dose o 400 mg/kgBW, s anda d eed, CMC, dis illed wa e ad libi um, and hype choles e ol die );
and ea men g oup 3 (sambilo o ex ac solu ion a a dose o 800 mg/kgBW, s anda d eed, CMC, dis illed wa e ad libi um, and
hype choles e ol die ). All esea ch subjec s unde wen body weigh measu emen o assess eligibili y h ough inclusion c i e ia, as
well as choles e ol le el measu emen be o e and a e ea men . Da a homogenei y was es ed using Le ene’s es , and da a no mali y
was es ed using he Shapi o–Wilk es . The bi a ia e es used o assess changes in li e his opa hology, namely li e s ea osis in he
o m o NAFLD Ac i i y Sco ing, was he K uskal–Wallis es and he pos hoc es used was LSD (Leas Signi ican Di e ence).
RESULT
Figu e 1: Subjec ’s Choles e ol Change
Table I. To al Choles e ol Le els O Subjec s
Animal Tes G oup
Mean choles e ol le els (mg/dL)
Day 7
Day 21
Day 36
No mal G oup
48,95
28,23
16,88
Nega i e Con ol
48,95
94,18
73,97
Posi i e Con ol
36,75
84,51
25,06
T ea men G oup 1
21,03
104,59
18,39
T ea men G oup 2
52,10
81,11
39,81
T ea men G oup 3
49,41
81,77
17,39
To al
42,03
79.07
31,92
No mal alue : 10-54 mg/dL
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5094 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
Adminis a ion o a high-choles e ol die o wo weeks in i e g oups o subjec s showed an inc ease in o al choles e ol le els in all
expe imen al g oups, excep o he no mal con ol g oup. A e 14 days o choles e ol adminis a ion, he a s we e gi en ea men s
acco ding o hei espec i e g oups. All expe imen al g oups showed a dec ease in choles e ol le els.
Table II. Mean NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e Value O Subjec s
Tes G oups
Mean
S ea osis
Value
Mean
In lamma ion
Value
Mean Cell
Ballooning
Value
Mean NAS Value
No mal Con ol
6.125%
0,75
0
1,5
Nega i e Con ol
47,56%
1,4
2
3,2
Posi i e Con ol
7,76%
0,25
0
1,25
T ea men 1
10,92%
0
0
1
T ea men 2
13,12%
0,4
0,4
1,8
T ea men 3
12,962%
0,75
0,75
1,5
Figu e 2: No mal Con ol G oup (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: N0: No mal Hepa ocy e Cell
In he no mal g oup, which was gi en only s anda d eed, minimal hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAFLD
Ac i i y Sco e o 1.5.
Figu e 3: Nega i e Con ol G oup (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: N0: No mal Hepa ocy e Cell | S: S ea o ic Hepa ocy e Cell | I: In lamma o ic Hepa ocy e Cell | B: Ballooning
Hepa ocy e Cell
In he nega i e con ol g oup, which was gi en a hype choles e ol die , mode a e hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an
a e age NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e o 3.2.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5095 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
Figu e 4: Posi i e Con ol G oup (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: N0: No mal Hepa ocy e Cell
In he posi i e con ol g oup, which was gi en a hype choles e ol die ollowed by a o as a in adminis a ion, minimal hepa ic
s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e o 1.25.
Figu e 5: T ea men G oup 1 (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: N0: No mal Hepa ocy e Cell | S: S ea o ic Hepa ocy e Cell | I: In lamma o ic Hepa ocy e Cell
In ea men g oup 1, which was gi en a hype choles e ol die ollowed by sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 200 mg/kgBW, minimal
hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e o 1.
Figu e 6: T ea men G oup 2 (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: N0: No mal Hepa ocy e Cell | S: S ea o ic Hepa ocy e Cell
In ea men g oup 2, which was gi en a hype choles e ol die ollowed by sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 400 mg/kgBW, minimal
hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e o 1.8.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5096 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
No mal
Con ol
Nega i e
Con ol
Figu e 7: T ea men G oup 3 (400x Magni ica ion)
Desc ip ion: S: S ea o ic Hepa ocy e Cell | I: In lamma o ic Hepa ocy e Cell | B: Ballooning Hepa ocy e Cell
In ea men g oup 3, which was gi en a hype choles e ol die ollowed by sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 800 mg/kgBW, minimal
hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAFLD Ac i i y Sco e o 1.5.
Table III. LSD Analysis o No mal G oup wi h Nega i e Con ol G oup, Posi i e
Con ol G oup, T ea men G oup 1, T ea men G oup 2, T ea men G oup 3
Vs.
Nega i e Con ol
P = 0.003
Vs.
Posi i e Con ol
P = 0.447
Vs.
T ea men G oup 1
P = 0.274
Vs.
T ea men G oup 2
P = 0.732
Vs.
T ea men G oup 3
P = 0.343
The analysis esul s p esen ed in Table III show a signi ican di e ence be ween he no mal con ol g oup and he nega i e con ol
g oup, while he no mal g oup showed no di e ence in li e his opa hological ea u es compa ed o he o he ea men g oups.
Table IV. LSD Analysis o Nega i e G oup wi h Posi i e Con ol G oup, T ea men
G oup 1, T ea men G oup 2, T ea men G oup 3
Vs.
Posi i e
Con ol
P = 0.000
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 1
P = 0.000
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 2
P = 0.004
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 3
P = 0.000
The analysis esul s in Table IV show a signi ican di e ence be ween he nega i e con ol g oup and all o he g oups, namely he
no mal con ol g oup, he posi i e con ol g oup, ea men g oup 1, ea men g oup 2, and ea men g oup 3.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5097 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
Posi i e
Con ol
T ea men
G oup 1
Table V. LSD Analysis o Posi i e G oup wi h T ea men G oup 1, T ea men G oup
2, T ea men G oup 3
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 1
P = 0.762
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 2
P = 0.134
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 3
P = 0.920
The analysis esul s in Table 4 show ha he e was no signi ican di e ence be ween he posi i e con ol g oup and ea men g oups
1, 2, and 3.
Table VI. LSD Analysis o T ea men G oup 1 wi h T ea men G oup 2,
T ea men G oup 3
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 2
P = 0.134
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 3
P = 0.920
The analysis esul s in Table VI show no signi ican di e ence in he li e his opa hological ea u es o a s in ea men g oup 1
compa ed o ea men g oups 2 and 3.
Table VII. LSD Analysis o T ea men G oup 2 wi h T ea men G oup 3
T ea men
G oup 2
Vs.
T ea men
G oup 3
P = 0.185
The analysis esul s in Table 6 show ha he e was no signi ican di e ence in he li e his opa hological ea u es o a s in ea men
g oup 2 compa ed o ea men g oup 3.
DISCUSSION
Based on he bi a ia e analysis esul s, he signi icance alue o p = 0.033 in Table 4.3 indica es ha sambilo o ex ac has an e ec
ha causes changes in he his opa hological ea u es o whi e a s gi en a hype choles e ol die . This inding is consis en wi h he
s udy conduc ed by Jong FHH e al.(10).
The no mal con ol g oup had a low le el o a y li e disease, as his g oup did no ecei e any ea men in he o m o a
hype choles e ol die . Consequen ly, ew hepa ic s ea osis ma ke s such as s ea osis, in lamma ion, and cell ballooning we e
obse ed in he li e issue. Howe e , a small deg ee o s ea osis was s ill p esen , wi h he a e age s ea osis le el in he no mal
g oup eaching 6.125%. This may occu because a s na u ally possess a no mal amoun o a wi hin li e issue, and i may also
be in luenced by he s anda d chow die p o ided o he a s.(11)
In he nega i e con ol g oup, mode a e hepa ic s ea osis was obse ed, indica ed by an a e age NAS sco e o 3.2. This shows ha
he le el o s ea osis in he nega i e con ol g oup was highe han in he o he g oups. His ologically, he nega i e con ol g oup
exhibi ed an a e age hepa ic s ea osis o 47.56%, wi h an a e age o 1.4 in lamma o y cells and 2 ballooning cells. This occu ed
because he a s in he nega i e con ol g oup we e gi en a hype choles e ol die , leading o inc eased a accumula ion in he li e
issue.
In he posi i e con ol g oup, he NAS sco e was 1.3, indica ing a low deg ee o hepa ic s ea osis. The a e age pe cen age o s ea o ic
hepa ocy es was 7.76%, he a e age numbe o in lamma o y cells was 0.25, and no ballooning cells we e obse ed. This esul was
due o he adminis a ion o a hype choles e ol die ollowed by ea men wi h a o as a in, a d ug belonging o he s a in class.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5098 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
In ea men g oup 1, he NAS sco e was 1, wi h an a e age o 10.92% s ea o ic cells, no in lamma o y cells, and no ballooning
cells. This inding sugges s ha a s gi en a hype choles e ol die ollowed by sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 200 mg/kgBW
expe ienced a educ ion in hepa ic a accumula ion. This aligns wi h he heo y ha and og apholide ex ac in sambilo o can
dec ease he exp ession o s e ol egula o y elemen -binding p o eins (SREBP), which a e key componen s in he biosyn hesis o
choles e ol, a y acids, and iglyce ides. The down egula ion o SREBP leads o dec eased cellula lipid accumula ion, he eby
educing lipid deposi ion in he li e and lowe ing he NAS sco e.(12)
In ea men g oup 2, he NAS sco e was 1.8, wi h 13.12% s ea o ic cells, an a e age o 0.4 in lamma o y cells, and an a e age o
0.4 ballooning cells. This indica es ha and og apholide in sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 400 mg/kgBW also educed hepa ic a
accumula ion, as e lec ed by a signi ican ly lowe NAS sco e compa ed o he nega i e con ol g oup. Howe e , he e was no
di e ence in NAS sco es be ween ea men g oups 2 and 1. This may be a ibu ed o he highe ini ial and inal choles e ol le els
in ea men g oup 2, as shown in Figu e 4.1. Such da a may sugges ha he hepa ic s ea osis p ocess occu ed mo e apidly o
ex ensi ely in g oup 2, as ele a ed in ahepa ic iglyce ide le els esul ing om high choles e ol may induce insulin esis ance,
he eby accele a ing hepa ic de no o lipogenesis.(13)
In ea men g oup 3, he NAS sco e was 1.5, wi h an a e age s ea osis le el o 12.962%, an a e age o 0.75 in lamma o y cells,
and an a e age o 1.5 ballooning cells. These esul s indica e ha sambilo o ex ac a a dose o 800 mg/kgBW was able o educe
hepa ic a accumula ion, hough i was less e ec i e han in ea men g oup 1. This may also be due o he high ini ial choles e ol
le els in he animals o ea men g oup 3, whe e ele a ed hepa ic iglyce ides could accele a e a accumula ion induced by insulin
esis ance.(13)
Hepa ic s ea osis is caused by an inc eased in ake o choles e ol. Ele a ed choles e ol le els lead o an inc ease in iglyce ides,
which a e p oduced h ough he es e i ica ion o glyce ol and ee a y acids. These iglyce ides can accumula e in he o m o
mac o esicula o mic o esicula esicles, which can be obse ed in his opa hological examina ions. T iglyce ides may be ob ained
h ough die a y in ake, such as a hype choles e ol die .(3)
The and og apholide con en in sambilo o has an inhibi o y e ec on choles e ol and a y acid syn hesis in me abolism. This
inhibi o y e ec occu s h ough he down egula ion o s e ol egula o y elemen -binding p o eins (SREBP), which a e essen ial
componen s in he biosyn hesis o choles e ol, a y acids, and iglyce ides. SREBP unc ions as a ansc ip ion ac o ha egula es
lipid biosyn hesis and adipogenesis by con olling he exp ession o se e al enzymes equi ed o he syn hesis o choles e ol, a y
acids, iacylglyce ols, and phospholipids.(14)
And og apholide has also been shown o educe he exp ession o HMG-CoA educ ase (HMG-CoAR). A dec ease in HMG-CoAR
exp ession educes he con e sion o HMG-CoA in o me alona e, an essen ial componen in choles e ol syn hesis.(15) Th ough he
inhibi ion o choles e ol, a y acid, iacylglyce ol, and phospholipid syn hesis, choles e ol accumula ion dec eases, esul ing in a
educ ion o a y acids in li e issue. Consequen ly, hepa ic s ea osis dec eases, which can be de ec ed h ough NAS sco ing.(16)
In his s udy, inc easing he dose o sambilo o ex ac did no esul in a g ea e imp o emen in hepa ic s ea osis. Howe e , his
does no necessa ily indica e he absence o signi ican di e ences be ween doses. Ce ain ac o s, such as a ia ions in choles e ol
le els among ea men g oups, may ha e in luenced he esul s. Di e ences in blood choles e ol le els can a ec he a e o a
accumula ion in li e issue, leading o a ia ions in he p og ession o s ea osis be ween g oups and consequen ly a ec ing he
ac i i y o and og apholide in sambilo o.(13)
CONCLUSION
The e was a signi ican e ec o And og aphis panicula a (sambilo o) ex ac adminis a ion on he li e his opa hological ea u es
o male Wis a a s (Ra us no egicus) wi h hype choles e olemia. Di e ences in his opa hological indings we e obse ed be ween
a s ea ed wi h sambilo o ex ac and hose ha did no ecei e sambilo o o a o as a in (nega i e con ol g oup). Howe e , no
signi ican di e ences we e ound be ween he sambilo o- ea ed g oups and he posi i e con ol g oup (a o as a in), no among
he sambilo o- ea ed g oups ecei ing di e en doses.
REFERENCES
1. Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion. Noncommunicable diseases (In e ne ). 2021 (ci ed 2021 Aug 5);1. A ailable om:
h ps://www.who.in /news- oom/ ac -shee s/de ail/noncommunicable-diseases
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21, Impac Fac o : 8.048
IJCSRR @ 2025
www.ijcs .o g
5099 *Co esponding Au ho : Con adi Pu a Bhak i Leky Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
A ailable a : www.ijcs .o g
Page No. 5092-5099
2. Kemenkes.RI. P o il Penyaki Tidak Menula Tahun 2016. 2016.
3. Buzze i E, Pinzani M, Tsocha zis EA. The mul iple-hi pa hogenesis o non-alcoholic a y li e disease (NAFLD).
Me abolism (In e ne ) 2016;65(8):1038–48. A ailable om: h p://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /pubmed/26823198
4. Yuliani RD. Tanaman Oba yang bisa digunakan un uk mela u kan koles e ol jaha (In e ne ). Dinkes Kulon P ogo2020
(ci ed 2021 Jun 30); A ailable om: h ps://dinkes.kulonp ogokab.go.id/de il/511/ anaman-oba -yang-bisa-digunakan-
un uk-mela u kan-koles e ol-jaha
5. Toppo E, Da in SS, Esakkimu hu S, Nayak MK, Balak ishna K, Si asanka an K, e al. E ec o wo and og apholide
de i a i es on cellula and oden models o non-alcoholic a y li e disease. Biomed Pha maco he 2017;95:402–11.
6. Akh a MT, Sa ib MSBM, Ismail IS, Abas F, Ismail A, Lajis NH, e al. An i-diabe ic ac i i y and me abolic changes induced
by And og aphis panicula a plan ex ac in obese diabe ic a s. Molecules 2016;21(8).
7. Liu YT, Chen HW, Lii CK, Jhuang JH, Huang CS, Li ML, e al. A di e penoid, 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehyd oand og apholide,
in and og aphis panicula a educes s ea ohepa i is and li e inju y in mice ed a high- a and high-choles e ol die . Nu ien s
2020;12(2).
8. Uni e si y JH. The Ra (In e ne ). (ci ed 2021 May 3);A ailable om: h p://web.jhu.edu/animalca e/p ocedu es/ a .h ml
9. Nis ia F, Racz O, Lukacino a A, Hubko a B, No ako a J, Lo aso a E, e al. Age dependency on some physiological and
biochemical pa ame e s o male Wis a a s in con olled en i onmen . J En i on Sci Heal - Pa A Toxic/Haza dous Subs
En i on Eng 2012;47(9):1224–33.
10. Jong FHH, Gunawan A, San oso MWA, Anjani S, Ti haningsih NW, Baso i A. E ec s o Sambilo o E hanol Ex ac on
Fa y Li e , SGOT/SGPT Le els and Lipid P o ile o Wis a S ain Whi e Ra (Ra us no egicus) Exposed o High-Fa Die .
Folia Medica Indones (In e ne ) 2018;54(2):89. A ailable om: h ps://e-jou nal.unai .ac.id/FMI/a icle/ iew/8856
11. Yaliga J, Gopalan V, Kia OW, Sugii S, Shui G, Lam BD, e al. E alua ion o Die a y E ec s on Hepa ic Lipids in High
Fa and Placebo Die Fed Ra s by In Vi o MRS and LC-MS Techniques. PLoS One (In e ne ) 2014;9(3):10. A ailable om:
h ps://jou nals.plos.o g/plosone/a icle?id=10.1371/jou nal.pone.0091436#au hcon ib
12. Ding L, Li J, Song B, Xiao X, Huang W, Zhang B, e al. And og apholide p e en s high- a die -induced obesi y in C57BL/6
mice by supp essing he s e ol egula o y elemen -binding p o ein pa hway. J Pha macol Exp The 2014;351(2):474–83.
13. Hydes T, Alam U, Cu hbe son DJ. The Impac o Mac onu ien In ake on Non-alcoholic Fa y Li e Disease ( NAFLD ):
Too Much Fa , Too Much Ca bohyd a e , o Jus Too Many Calo ies ? Dis ibu ion o Excess Ene gy Amongs .
2021;8(Feb ua y).
14. Be olio R, Napole ano F, Mano M, Mau e -s oh S, Fan uz M, Zannini A, e al. Mechanical Cues and Lipid Me abolism.
Na Commun (In e ne ) 2019;1–11. A ailable om: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1038/s41467-019-09152-7
15. Raja a inam H, Na i SNM. And og apholide is an Al e na i e T ea men o O e come Resis ance in ER-Posi i e B eas
Cance ia Choles e ol Biosyn hesis Pa hway. Malaysian J Med Sci 2019;26(5):6–20.
16. Takahashi Y, Fukusa o T. His opa hology o nonalcoholic a y li e disease/nonalcoholic s ea ohepa i is. Wo ld J
Gas oen e ol (In e ne ) 2014;20(42):15539–48. A ailable om: h p://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /pubmed/25400438
Ci e his A icle: Bhak i Leky, C.P., Tallo Mana e, D.R., Shin a Ama , A.L., Damanik, E.M.B. (2025). The In luence o Sambilo o
Lea Ex ac (And og aphis Panicula a Nees) on His opa hologic Imaging o The Li e o Male Wis a Ra s ( Ra us No e gicus)
on a High Choles e ol Die . In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew, 8(10), pp. 5092-5099. DOI:
h ps://doi.o g/10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-21
