74
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
RESEARCH PAPER
RESEARCH PAPER RESEARCH PAPER
RESEARCH PAPER
OPEN ACCESS
OPEN ACCESSOPEN ACCESS
OPEN ACCESS
E ec o Ve micompos ing and NPKS e ilize s on g ow h,
yield and yield componen s o ed ama an h (c . Al apa i)
B.
M. Mahmudu
l Hasan
*1
, Md.
Nu ul Alam
1
, Md. Hanjala Pipil
1
, Ma u a Yeasmin
2
,
C.M Adi a Alam P o ham
2
1
Depa men o Biochemis y and Molecula Biology, T us U
ni e si y, Ba ishal, Bangladesh
1Depa men o C op Science and Enginee ing, Uni e si y o Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Depa men o Biochemis y and Molecula Biology, T us Uni e si y, Ba ishal, Bangladesh
Key wo ds:
Ve micompos , Red ama an h
, T ea men s, O ganic ma e
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.12692/ijb/2
6.1.74
-
87
A icle published on Janua y 04, 2025
Abs ac
This s udy e alua ed he e ec s o e micompos and chemical e ilize s on he g ow h and yield o a ious
ege able c ops in he Le el Ba ind T ac and he High Ganges Ri e Floodplain o Bangladesh. Expe imen s
conduc ed on ed ama an h in he Le el Ba ind T ac demons a ed ha e micompos a 10 /ha signi ican ly
ou pe o med 100% NPKS e ilize s, yielding 13.25 /ha. A combina ion o e micompos and NPKS (100%)
also p oduced high yields, wi h T7 ( e micompos 10 /ha + 50% NPKS) and T10 ( e micompos 10 /ha + 100%
NPKS) achie ing s a is ically simila esul s o 13.25 /ha and 13.17 /ha, espec i ely. The expe imen al ield soil
exhibi ed low o ganic ma e and de iciencies in N, P, K, and S, wi h a pH o 5.4 and medium e ili y. The s udy
comp ised 12 ea men s: con ol (T1), e micompos a 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 /ha (T2, T3, T4), combina ions o
e micompos wi h 50% and 100% NPKS (T5–T10), and 50% and 100% NPKS alone (T11, T12). The NPKS doses
we e 25-15-20-9 kg/ha o ed ama an h. Resul s indica e ha e micompos a 10 /ha (T4) consis en ly
ou pe o med 100% NPKS (T12) in p omo ing g ow h and yield, highligh ing he e ec i eness o o ganic
amendmen s in imp o ing soil e ili y and c op p oduc i i y. This s udy unde sco es he po en ial o in eg a ing
e micompos wi h chemical e ilize s o sus ainable ege able p oduc ion in he s udied egions.
*
Co esponding Au ho : B.M. Mahmudul Hasan jewelgono @gmail.com
In e na ional Jou nal o Biosciences | IJB |
ISSN: 2220-6655 (P in ), 2222-5234 (Online)
h p://www.innspub.ne
Vol. 26, No. 1, p. 74-87, 2025
75
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
In oduc ion
Ama an h (Ama an hus icolo L.) plays an
impo an ole in nu i ion among he lea y ege ables
g own in Bangladesh. The lea y ama an h is said o be
he na i e o India (Shanmuga elu, 1989 and Na h,
1976). Among he lea y ypes, Ama an hus icolo L.
is he mos commonly cul i a ed species in
Bangladesh. I is cul i a ed all o e he coun y in any
season due o i s adap abili y o wide ange o soil and
clima e. Howe e , du ing win e i s g ow h and
de elopmen is slowe han summe and ainy season
(Bose e al., 1993).
G ow h, yield and quali y o ed ama an h depend on
nu ien a ailabili y in soil, which is ela ed o he
judicious applica ion o manu es and e ilize s.
Nu ien s may be applied h ough wo sou ces iz.
o ganic and ino ganic sou ces. Inc eased use o
ino ganic e ilize s in c op p oduc ion de e io a es
soil heal h, causes heal h haza d and ce a es
imbalance o en i onmen by pollu ing ai , wa e , soil
e c. The con inuous use o chemical e ilize s badly
a ec s he ex u e and s uc u e, educes o ganic
ma e con en and dec eases mic obial ac i i ies o
soil.
A good soil should ha e an o ganic ma e con en o
mo e han 3%. Bu in Bangladesh, mos soils ha e less
han 1.5%, some soils ha e less han 1% o ganic
ma e (BARC, 1997). In con inuous c opping a ea,
o ganic ma e supply o he c op ield h ough
di e en manu ing p ac ices is made only o a
minimum ex en (Islam and Hossain, 1992).
Now-a-days g adual de iciencies in soil o ganic
ma e and educed yield o c op a e ala ming
p oblem in Bangladesh. The cos o ino ganic
e ilize s is e y high and some imes i is no
a ailable in he ma ke o which he a me s ail o
apply he ino ganic e ilize s o he c op ield in
op imum ime. On he o he hand, he o ganic
manu e is easily a ailable o he a me s and i s cos
is low compa ed o ha o ino ganic e ilize s. The
c op p oduc ion cos is mo e o less simila wi h
o ganic and ino ganic e ilize (Haque, 2000), he
use o eadily a ailable o ganic sou ces o nu ien s
should be used o maximize he economic e u n.
Ve micompos is a good sou ce o di e en mac o and
mic onu ien s pa icula ly NPKS. Use o
e micompos in ege able p oduc ion in la ge scale
can sol e he p oblem o disposal o was es and also
sol e he lake o o ganic ma e . On he o he hand, a
judicious combina ion o o ganic and ino ganic
sou ces o nu ien s migh be help ul o ob ain a good
economic e u n wi h good soil heal h o he
subsequen c op. Asiegbu and Oikeh (1995) ound
ha NPK e ilize s we e mo e e icien han he
o ganic manu es in supplying N, P and K a leas in
he sho un, while he o ganic manu e had an
ad an age in supply o o he mac o and mic o
nu ien elemen s no con ained in NPK e ilize .
Noo (2002) sugges ed ha addi ion o 10 /ha
cowdung ins ead o 50% ecommended dose o
chemical e ilize can able o p oduce sa is ac o y
highe yield o cauli lowe .
Se e al wo ke s s a ed ha applica ion o N, P, K o
o ganic manu e inc eased yield o ege ables. Bu
he e is no a ailable esea ch in o ma ion abou he
e ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on yield
o ed ama an h. Recen ly, ew esea ches wo ked on
e micompos (Toma , 1998 in ca o ; Saikia, 1998 in
po a o; Upadhayay, 2003 in po a o; Bongkyoon, 2004
in po a o e c.).
Condi ions a e looking howe e , in o ma ion
ega ding he use o NPKS and e micompos alone
o in combina ion on he yield o ed ama an h. So,
he p esen in es iga ion was unde aken o s udy he
e ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on
g ow h, yield and yield componen s o ed ama an h
in Ba ind soils o Bangladesh.
Ma e ials and me hods
The expe imen was ca ied ou in he Le el Ba ind
Soil (AEZ-25) du ing abi season om No embe
2001 o Janua y 2002 o s udy he e ec o
e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on g ow h, yield
and yield componen s o ed ama an h (c . Al apa i).
The e we e 12 ea men s iz. T
1
= Con ol,
76
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
T
2
=Ve micompos (2.5 /ha), T
3
= Ve micompos (5.0
/ha), T
4
=Ve micompos (10.0 /ha)+ NPKS (50%),
T
7
= Ve micompos (10.0 /ha)+ NPKS (50%), T
8
=
e micompos (2.5 /ha)+NPKS (100%),
T
9
=Ve micompos (5.0 /ha) +NPKS (100%), T
10
=
Ve micompos (10.0 /ha) +NPKS (100%), T
11
= NPKS
(50%) and T
12
= NPKS (100%). Th ee c op
expe imen s we e laid ou in RCBD wi h 3-
eplica ions. Soil analysis was done o pa icle size
dis ibu ion by Hyd ome e me hod and o he
pa ame e s by ASI me hod (Hun e , 1984). The es
esul s showed ha he soil was medium e ile wi h
e y low con en o N & P and pH was 5.4. The land o
he expe imen al ield was medium high belonging o
he “Le el Ba ind T ac ” Ag o-ecological Zone (AEZ-
25). The expe imen al si e was ela i ely high in
ele a ion compa ed o su ounding blocks. The doses
o N-P-K-S we e 25-15-20-9 kg/ha. The whole
amoun o e micompos , TSP, MP, gypsum and 50%
o u ea we e applied a he ime o uni plo
p epa a ion. The es o u ea was applied a 20 days
a e sowing seeds. The uni plo size was 1.6 cm ×1.25
cm. The seeds o ed ama an h we e sown on 20
No embe 2001. Weeding, i iga ion, d ainage and
o he in e cul u al ope a ion we e done when
necessa y. Da a on g ow h, yield and yield
con ibu ing pa ame e s we e eco ded and
s a is ically analyzed wi h he help o compu e
package MSTAT and also es ed DMRT.
Resul s and discussion
The p esen s udy was conduc ed o obse e he e ec
o di e en doses o e micompos and chemical
e ilize s and hei combina ion on g ow h, yield and
yield con ibu ing cha ac e s o ed ama an h ha e
been p esen ed in di e en Tables and Figu es.
Necessa y discussion and possible in e ac ion o he
esul s ha e been made unde he ollowing sub-
headings.
Table 1. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on plan heigh o ed ama an h a di e en days a e
sowing.
T ea men s
Plan heigh (cm)
17 DAS
24 DAS
31 DAS
38 DAS
45 DAS
T
1
= Con ol
5.26 h
6.10 g
7.33 i
9.06 i
10.80
T
2
= VC(2.5 /ha)
5.63 g
7.33
9.53 h
12.33 i
16.30 e
T
3
= VC(5 /ha)
6.30
9.10 de
11.60
14.43 g
19.68 d
T
4
= VC(10 /ha)
6
.60 e
11.60 c
17.76 d
19.86 e
26.56 b
T
5
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
6.16
8.80 e
12.63 e
14.30 g
19.96 d
T
6
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
7.10 d
12.90 b
17.46 d
19.63 e
26.20 b
T
7
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
8.76 a
14.03 a
21.53 b
25.60 b
31.83 a
T
8
= VC(
2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
7.43 c
13.33 b
19.90 c
22.20 d
24.13 c
T
9
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
7.83 b
13.76 b
20.86 b
23.60 c
27.47 b
T
10
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
8.93 a
14.36 a
22.70 a
26.50 a
31.23 a
T
11
= NPKS (50%)
6.40 e
8.73 e
10.50 g
13.50 h
15
.67 e
T
12
= NPKS (100%)
7.30 cd
9.43 d
12.80 e
15.13
18.53 d
LSD
0.2813
0.5022
0.7172
0.633
1.591
CV (%)
6.82
7.10
4.13
6.58
5.20
In a column, igu es ha ing same le e (s) do no di e signi ican ly by DMRT a he 5 % le el.
77
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
Plan heigh
The plan heigh is he majo impo an yield
con ibu ing pa ame e o ed ama an h. The plan
heigh was eco ded a di e en g ow h pe iods i.e. a
17, 24, 31, 38 and 45 days a e sowing (Table-1). The
plan heigh was inc eased signi ican ly due o he
applica ion o di e en doses o e micompos ing and
ino ganic e ilize s alone o hei combina ions. The
plan heigh was inc eased g adually wi h inc ease o
g ow h pe iods.
A 17 DAS, he plan heigh was signi ican ly
in luenced by ea men s. The plan heigh anged
om 5.26cm o 8.93cm. The highes plan heigh was
eco ded in T
10
ea men ha ing 8.93cm ollowed by
T
7
(8.76cm) bu hey a e s a is ically simila . The
sho es plan heigh (5.26cm) was g own by he
con ol. Applica ion o e micompos 2.5, 5.0 and
10.0 /ha ga e he plan heigh o 5.63, 6.30 and
6.60cm. The inc easing a es o e micompos (2.5,
5.0 and 10.0 /ha) plus 50% ecommended doses o
NPKS e ilize s (RDF) p oduced plan heigh o
6.16cm (T
5
), 7.10cm (T
6
) and 8.76cm (T
7
). On he
o he hand, 100% NPKS wi h inc easing a es o
e micompos ob ained 7.43 (T
8
), 7.83 (T
9
) and
8.93cm (T
10
) espec i ely. I was concluded ha
chemical e ilize s a e mo e a o able in ea lie
s ages o c op g ow h.
Table 2. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on lea es pe plan o ed ama an h a di e en days a e
sowing.
T ea men s
Lea es pe plan
17 DAS
24 DAS
31 DAS
38 DAS
45 DAS
T
1
= Con ol
5.13 i
6.20
6.80
7.36 h
7.76 h
T
2
= VC(2.5 /ha)
5.43 h
6.60 e
7.20
7.80 g
8.36 g
T
3
= VC(5 /ha)
6.33
7.73 d
8.06 e
8.73 e
9.93 d
T
4
= VC(10 /ha)
6.86 d
8.00 c
8.60 cd
9.33 c
10.16 cd
T
5
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
6.60 e
7.90 cd
8.23 de
8.40
8.93
T
6
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
7.00 cd
8.36 b
8.80 bc
9.10 d
9.46 e
T
7
= VC(10
/ha) +
NPKS (50%)
7.36 ab
8.43 b
9.13 ab
9.66 b
10.90 b
T
8
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
7.20 bc
8.26 b
8.56 cd
8.80 e
10.33 c
T
9
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
7.23 bc
8.40 b
8.66 bcd
9.73 ab
10.63 b
T
10
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
7.50 a
8.66 a
9.40 a
9.93
a
11.43 a
T
11
= NPKS (50%)
5.76 g
6.66 e
6.86
7.60 g
8.20 g
T
12
= NPKS (100%)
6.76 de
7.76 d
8.40 e
8.63 e
8.93
LSD
0.2333
0.1989
0.4503
0.2224
0.2984
CV (%)
2.58
3.17
2.46
3.15
4.42
In a column, igu es ha ing same le e (s) do no di e signi ican ly by DMRT a he 5% le el.
A 24 DAS, he highes plan heigh was ound (14.36
cm) by T
10
and T
10
is s a is ically simila wi h T
7
ea men . The sho es plan heigh (6.10cm) was
eco ded in con ol. A e passing one mon h o a 31
DAS, he plan heigh anged om 7.33 o 22.70cm.
The highes plan heigh 22.70cm in T
10
and he
second highes plan heigh 22.53cm in T
7
ea men
and lowes 7.33cm in con ol. The s a is ically simila
plan heigh was eco ded o 17.76cm and 17.46cm
espec i ely by 10 /ha o e micompos (T
4
) and by
5.0 /ha e micompos + 50% RDF o NPKS
espec i ely. Simila ly, applica ion o 2.5 /ha
e micompos + NPKS (50%) and NPKS (100%)
p oduced he s a is ically simila plan heigh o
12.63cm and 12.80cm, espec i ely.
78
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
A 38 DAS, he e was signi ican a ia ion o plan
heigh in di e en ea men s. The highes plan
heigh was obse ed in T
10
(26.50cm) ollowed by T
7
(25.60cm). The sho es plan heigh (9.06cm) was
p oduced by he con ol ea men . The highes plan
heigh (31.83cm) a 45 DAS (o ha es ) was ound in
T
7
( e micompos 10 /ha + NPKS o 50%), which was
s a is ically simila wi h T
10
( e micompos 10 /ha +
NPKS o 100%). The sho es plan heigh (10.80cm)
was eco ded in con ol (T
1
). Howe e , he e a e no
signi ican di e ence among ea men s T
3
, T
5
and
T
12
; T
4
, T
6
and T
9
; T
2
and T
11
a 45 DAS.
Ali and Jahan (2001) ound ha applica ion o
e micompos wi h NPK signi ican ly inc eased he
plan g ow h o sesame and lady’s inge . I is no ed
ha chemical e ilize s a e mo e e icien han
e micompos wi hin one mon h and a e one mon h
he e ec s o e micompos a e mo e a o able han
chemical e ilize s.
Table 3. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on la ges lea leng h o ed ama an h a di e en days
a e sowing.
T ea men s
La ges lea leng h (cm)
17 DAS
24 DAS
31 DAS
38 DAS
45 DAS
T
1
= Con ol
2.50 h
3.30 g
4.16 g
4.63
5.04
T
2
= VC(2.5 /ha)
2.70 gh
3.60 h
4.43 g
4.86
5.40
T
3
= VC(5 /ha)
3.10
4.23 e
5.36
e
5.50 g
7.33 d
T
4
= VC(10 /ha)
3.50 de
5.43 c
7.06 c
7.83 c
8.63 c
T
5
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
3.33 e
4.10 e
5.10
6.20 d
7.10 d
T
6
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
3.70 cd
5.10 d
6.53 d
7.46 c
8.23 c
T
7
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
3.93 bc
6.20 b
8.20
a
9.06 a
10.10 a
T
8
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
3.50 de
5.26 cd
6.80 cd
7.90 c
8.50 c
T
9
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
4.03 ab
6.00 b
7.50 b
8.40 b
9.16 b
T
10
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
4.26 a
6.63 a
8.36 a
8.83 ab
9.80 a
T
11
= NPKS (50%)
2.80 g
3.46 g
4.36 g
4.66
5.20
T
12
= NPKS (100%)
3.20
4.26 e
5.50 e
6.30 d
6.50 e
LSD
0.2631
0.2631
0.3145
0.4821
0.5263
CV (%)
5.47
4.45
6.33
5.18
8.12
In a column, igu es ha ing same le e (s) do no di e signi ican ly by DMRT a he 5% le el.
Asiegbu and Oikeh (1995) epo ed ha chemical
e ilize s (NPK) we e e icien han he o ganic
manu es in he sho un. In absence o NPKS only
o ganic manu e could no p oduce highe yield o
b occoli (Ak e e al. 1996). The esul s ag ee wi h he
indings o Kabi (1998) and Azad (2000) who s a ed
ha combined applica ion o manu es and chemical
e ilize s pe o med he highes plan heigh o
cabbage. Bonkyoon (2004) epo ed ha he plan
heigh o po a o was highe in he plo s whe e
ea hwo m cas s ( e micompos ) and NPK e ilize s
we e applied han in he con ol plo . Applica ion o
N, P, K and S signi ican ly inc eased plan heigh o
b occoli also epo ed by Anwa e al. (2001) and
Kadi (2002).
Numbe o lea es pe plan
The numbe lea es pe plan is an impo an yield
con ibu ing pa ame e o ed ama an h. The numbe
o lea es pe plan showed signi ican a ia ions by
he applica ions o ea men s a di e en DAS
(Tables-2). The numbe o lea es was inc eased
g adually wi h ime and eached i s peak a ha es
(45DAS) in espec o all ea men s.
79
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
A 17 DAS, he numbe o lea es pe plan anged
om 5.13 o 7.50. The maximum lea es (7.50) pe
plan was obse ed in T
10
ollowed by T
7
. The
minimum numbe o lea es pe plan was ound in
he con ol (T
1
). Howe e , he e a e no signi ican
di e ence be ween T
8
and T
9
ea men s. A 24 DAS,
numbe o lea es pe plan anged om 6.20 o 8.66.
The maximum numbe o lea es (8.66) pe plan was
eco ded in T
10
ea men . The second highes and
s a is ically simila numbe o lea es we e obse ed
om T
6
o T
9
ea men s. The lowes (6.20) numbe
o lea es pe plan was in con ol.
Table 4. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on la ges lea b ead h o ed ama an h a di e en days
a e sowing.
T ea men s
La ges lea b ead h(cm)
17 DAS
24 DAS
31 DAS
38 DAS
45 DAS
T
1
= Con ol
1.86 g
2.44 h
3.10 g
3.56 g
4.03 i
T
2
= VC(2.5 /ha)
2.23
2.90 g
3.73 e
4.03 e
4.56 gh
T
3
= VC(5 /ha)
2.43 e
3.16 e
4.10 de
4.30 e
5.13
T
4
= VC(10 /
ha)
2.73 c
3.60 c
4.26 cde
5.50 c
6.40 d
T
5
= VC(2.5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
2.46 e
3.03 e
4.10 de
4.73 d
5.00
T
6
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
2.76 c
3.40 d
4.56 bcd
5.00 d
5.80 e
T
7
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (50%)
3.13 b
4.16 b
4.73 bc
6.70 a
8.63 a
T
8
= VC(2.5
/ha) +
NPKS (100%)
2.66 cd
3.73 c
4.53 bcd
5.70 c
7.23 c
T
9
= VC(5 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
3.16 b
4.00 b
4.90 b
6.03 b
7.46 bc
T
10
= VC(10 /ha) +
NPKS (100%)
3.40 a
4.40 a
5.43 a
6.46 a
7.73 b
T
11
= NPKS (50%)
2.10
2.73 g
3.40 g
3.83 g
4.30 hi
T
12
=
NPKS (100%)
2.53 de
3.40 d
3.80 e
4.23 e
4.76 g
LSD
0.1861
0.1723
0.5216
0.3066
0.4040
CV (%)
3.09
4.35
5.56
4.91
7.07
In a column, igu es ha ing same le e (s) do no di e signi ican ly by DMRT a he 5% le el.
A 31 DAS, he numbe o lea es pe plan in di e en
ea men s anged om 6.80 o 9.40. The lowes and
s a is ically simila numbe o lea es pe plan was
obse ed in T
1
, T
2
and T
11
ea men s. The maximum
numbe o lea es (9.40) was p oduced by T
10
ea men . The ea men s T
6
, T
7
and T
9
did no di e
signi ican ly wi h ega d o numbe o lea es pe
plan . Simila ly, T
4
was simila o T
8
and T
9
. The
applica ion o 5 /ha o e micompos (T
3
) p oduced
he numbe o lea es pe plan (8.06), which was
s a is ically simila (8.40) wi h 100% NPKS (T
12
).
A 38 DAS, he highes numbe o lea es (9.93) was
also obse ed in T
10
ea men , which was simila o
T
9
. The simila lea es pe plan we e ound be ween
T
3
, T
8
& T
12
, and T
2
wi h T
11
. A ha es (45 DAS), he
numbe o lea es pe plan was mo e han p e ious
g ow h pe iod. Applica ion o e micompos and
NPKS a di e en doses along o hei combina ions
ma kedly in luenced he numbe o lea es pe plan .
The numbe o lea es pe plan in di e en
ea men s anged om 7.76 o 11.43.
The maximum numbe o lea es (11.43) was ob ained
by adding 10 /ha e micompos + NPKS (100%) (T
10
)
and ollowed by 10 /ha o e micompos + 50%
NPKS (Table-5). Bu ea men T
7
and T
9
did no
di e signi ican ly. Applica ion o inc easing a es o
e micompos (0, 2.5, 5, 10 /ha) p oduced he
numbe o lea es pe plan o 7.76, 8.36, 9.93 and
10.16, espec i ely (T
1
o T
4
). Howe e , ea men T
3
and T
4
a e simila wi h ega d o lea es pe plan .
80
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
The ea men T
4
was simila o T
8
ha p oduced
10.16 and 10.33 o lea es pe plan espec i ely.
Applica ion o 2.5 /ha o e micompos (T
2
) and
NPKS o 50% (T
11
) p oduced he s a is ically simila
numbe o lea es pe plan . On he o he hand,
applica ion o 2.5 /ha e micompos + NPKS 50%
and NPKS (100%) pe o med simila numbe o
lea es pe plan . The esul s ag eed wi h he indings
o Asiegbu and Oikeh (1995), Rahman (1996).
The applica ion o only poul y manu e and cowdung
caused yield dep ession e en a highe doses (Ak e e
al. 1996) and hey also epo ed ha 10 /ha o
poul y manu e wi h ecommended doses o chemical
e ilize s p oduced he highes yield o b occoli. The
applica ion o 8-10 /ha e micompos ended o
inc eased ube diame e , numbe o s ems/plan and
chlo ophyll le el o po a o plan (Bongkyoon, 2004).
La ges lea leng h
La ges lea leng h is he indica o o plan size as well
as yield o ed ama an h. Signi ican e ec o di e en
ea men s was obse ed on he lea leng h o ed
ama an h a g ow h pe iod (Table-3). I was ound
ha lea leng h was inc eased g adually wi h he
inc ease o g ow h pe iod.
Table 5. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on yield and yield componen s o Red Ama an h.
T ea men s
S em leng h
(cm)
S em b ead h
(mm)
W . o plan
(g)
% DM o
plan
To al DW
(kg/ha)
Yield ( /ha)
T
1
= Con ol
8.03 j
11.16
2.80 g
10.36 e
337.38 h
3.25 i
T
2
= VC(2.5 /ha)
10.40 i
12.13
3.30
10.80de
608.51 g
5.63 g
T
3
= VC(5 /ha)
15.20 e
14.56 e
4.50 e
11.06 cde
811.70 e
7.33 e
T
4
= VC(10 /h
a)
18.93 c
20.46 a
9.80 b
11.80 ab
1025.56 d
8.68 d
T
5
= VC(2.5 /ha)
+ NPKS (50%)
14.56 g
15.06 de
6.30 d
10.56 de
766.31
7.25 e
T
6
= VC(5 /ha)
+ NPKS (50%)
17.13 d
16.96 c
8.10 c
10.90de
1083.66 d
9.95 c
T
7
= VC(10 /ha)
+ NPKS (50%)
21.60 a
21.53 a
11.80 a
11.26 bcd
1491.33 b
13.25 a
T
8
= VC(2.5 /ha)
+ NPKS (100%)
15.46 e
17.26 ab
6.80 d
10.86 de
887.66 e
8.17 d
T
9
= VC(5 /ha)
+ NPKS (100%)
18.43 c
18.73 b
9.40 b
11.1 bcde
1402.56 c
12.47 b
T
10
= VC(10 /ha)
+ NPKS (100%)
19.90 b
20.96 a
11.50 a
12.23 a
1609.70 a
13.17 a
T
11
= NPKS (50%)
11.53 h
11.93
3.20
10.96 cde
539.01 g
4.83 h
T
12
= NPKS (100%)
14.46 g
16.16 cd
5.20 de
11.66 abc
790.13
6.78
LSD
0.6672
1.5120
2.1640
0.6597
80.21
0.5216
CV (%)
3.
94
4.18
3.17
5.66
9.95
6.79
In a column, igu es ha ing same le e (s) do no di e signi ican ly by DMRT a he 5% le el.
A 17 DAS, he lea leng h a ied signi ican ly by he
applica ion o di e en doses o e micompos and
NPKS o 50% o 100% alone o in combina ion. The
applica ion o e micompos (10 /ha) + NPKS
(100%) p oduced maximum leng h o lea (4.26cm)
and ollowed by e micompos (5 /ha) + NPKS
(100%) o 4.03cm. The ea men T
3
( e micompos 5
/ha) is simila o T
12
(100% NPKS) and T
4
wi h T
8
.
The smalles lea leng h (2.50cm) was ound in
con ol (T
1
). A 24 DAS, he lea leng h was inc eased
apidly han 17 DAS in espec o all ea men s. The
highes lea leng h was ound in T
10
ollowed by T
7
and he lowes was in con ol. The ea men T
7
is
simila o T
9
. In g ow h pe iod wi hin 24 days, he
esponse o chemical e ilize is mo e e icien han
e micompos . A 31 DAS, he la ges lea leng h
anged om 4.16cm o 8.36cm. The highes lea
leng h 8.36cm was ob ained wi h T
10
. The T
10
is
s a is ically simila o T
7
. The second highes lea
leng h (7.50cm) was eco ded by he applica ion o
81
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
e micompos (5 /ha) + NPKS (100%). The
ea men T
2
( e micompos 2.5 /ha) is simila o T
1
and T
11
. A 38 DAS, he lea leng h inc eased
signi ican ly by ea men s. The applica ion o
di e en ea men s p oduced he lea leng h om
4.63cm o 9.06cm. The highes lea leng h o 9.06cm
was ound by adding e micompos (10 /ha) + 50%
NPKS, which is s a is ically simila by e micompos
(10 /ha) + 100% NPKS (T
10
). The lowes lea leng h
was ound in con ol. The ea men s T
1
, T
2
and T
11
a e also s a is ically simila . Simila ly, T
5
is simila
wi h T
12
and T
8
is simila wi h T
4
& T
6
. A 45 DAS, he
la ges lea leng h o ed ama an h ema kable
in luenced due o he applica ion o ea men s. The
lea leng h anged om 5.05cm o
10.10cm. The ea men T
7
caused he maximum lea
leng h (10.10cm) which was s a is ically iden ical wi h
he ea men T
10
bu signi ican ly di e en om he
es ea men s. The esul s e eal ha e micompos
(10 /ha) wi h 50% o 100% ecommended dose o
NPKS e ilize s in luenced ma kedly on he lea
leng h. Applica ion o 50% and 100% doses o NPKS
e ilize s p oduced lea leng h o 5.20cm and
6.50cm, espec i ely. The ea men s T
1
, T
2
and T
11
we e s a is ically simila lea leng h and ea men T
4
is simila wi h T
6
and T
8
.
La ges lea b ead h
La ges lea b ead h pe plan o ed ama an h was
signi ican ly in luenced by ea men s a di e en
g ow h pe iod (Table-4). The lea b ead h was
g adually inc eased up o ha es o he c op.
Fig. 2. E ec o e micompos and NPKS e ilize s on pe cen inc ease o yield and d y weigh o ed ama an h
o e con ol.
A 17 DAS, he lea b ead h anged om 1.86cm o
3.40cm. The maximum lea b ead h (3.40cm) was
eco ded in T
10
( e micompos 10 /ha + NPKS 100%)
ollowed by T
7
and T
9
. The ea men T
7
and T
9
a e
simila in s a is ically. Simila ly, he ea men T
2
is
simila wi h T
11
; T
3
is simila wi h T
5
& T
12
; T
4
is
simila wi h T
6
& T
8
. The lowes lea b ead h was also
ound in con ol plo .
A 24 DAS, he maximum lea b ead h was obse ed
in T
10
ollowed by T
7
and T
9
. The ea men s did no
di e signi ican ly in T
4
wi h T
8
, T
3
wi h T
5
, T
2
wi h
T
11
, and T6 wi h T
12
. A 31 DAS, he lea b ead h
anged om 3.10cm o 5.42cm as in luenced by
ea men s. The maximum lea b ead h (5.43cm) was
eco ded in T
10
. The ea men s T
9
, T
8
, T
7
and T
6
did
no di e s a is ically. The minimum lea b ead h was
also ound in con ol (T
1
).
In g ow h pe iod up o 31 DAS, he maximum lea
b ead h was obse ed in T
10
ea men , bu a e one
mon h i.e. 38 and 45 DAS he highes lea b ead h
82
Hasan e al.
In . J. Biosci.
2025
was p oduced by T
7
ollowed by T
10
.
The esul s showed ha applied e micompos a e
mo e e ec i e a e one mon h o g ow h pe iod. The
applica ion o 50% ecommended doses o NPKS wi h
e micompos (10 /ha) is mo e a o able han 100%
NPKS + e micompos (10 /ha) in espec o lea
b ead h.
The esul s a e in pa ially suppo wi h he indings
o Balyan e al. (1988) who epo ed ha N e ilize
inc eased he numbe o lea es pe plan and lea size
(cauli lowe ) o e he con ol. Anwa e al. (2001)
epo ed ha he applica ion o N, P, K and S
signi ican ly inc eased lea b ead h o b occoli.
S em leng h
The s em leng h is an impo an yield con ibu ing
pa ame e o ed ama an h. The s em leng h was
measu ed a e ha es o he c op. Applica ion o
di e en ea men s pe o med signi ican ly and
a ied widely o e he con ol. Applica ion o
e micompos a 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 /ha inc eased
s em leng h o 10.40, 15.20 and 18.93cm espec i ely.
The inc easing a es o e micompos wi h 50% o
100% NPKS showed s em leng h in he ollowing
o de s: T
8
> T
5
, T
9
> T
6
bu T
7
> T
10
. The ea men T
4
is simila wi h T
9
. The ea men s T
11
and T
12
p oduced s em leng h o 11.3cm and 14.46cm,
espec i ely.
Applica ion o e micompos (10 /ha) + NPKS (50%)
ob ained highe s em leng h (21.60cm) han
e micompos (10 /ha) wi h NPKS (100%). This may
be due o he o e nu i ion o he c op, because ed
ama an h is a sho du able ege able.
S em b ead h
The s em b ead h was signi ican ly in luenced by
di e en ea men s. The s em b ead h anged om
11.16mm o 21.53mm in di e en ea ed plo . The
maximum s em b ead h (21.53mm) was ound by he
applica ion o e micompos (10 /ha) + NPKS (50%) (T
7
)
ollowed by T
10
(20.96mm) and T
4
, bu hey a e
s a is ically simila .
The ea men T
8
is simila wi h T
9
; T
1
is simila wi h
T
2
& T
11
; T
6
is simila wi h T
12
and T
3
is simila wi h
T
5
. The abo e esul s showed ha he esponse o
e micompos is mo e e icien han chemical
e ilize s when N-P-K-S we e used a 25-15-20-9
Kg/ha (100%) in Ba ind soils.
Weigh o plan
The weigh o plan esponded signi ican ly by he
applica ion o di e en ea men s (Table-8). The
ea men T
7
wi h 11.80g pe plan ga e he highes
plan weigh bu T
7
is simila wi h T
10
(11.50g), and
ollowed by T
4
, T
9
and T
6.
The ea men T
4
and T
9
did
no di e signi ican ly. Simila ly, T
2
is simila wi h
T
11
; T
5
wi h T
8
& T
12
. The lowes plan weigh (2.80g)
was ound in con ol.
The esul s showed ha e micompos pe o med he
bes esponse on g ow h o ed ama an h plan . The
esul s a e in con o mi y wi h he indings o many
wo ke s wi h di e en c ops (Ak e e al. 1996 in
b occoli; Za a e e al. 1997 in le uce; Tomas 1998 in
b injal and ca o ; Saikia 1998 in po a o; Azad 2000
in cabbage and Bongkyoon 2004 in po a o). Noo
(2001) sugges ed ha addi ion o 10 /ha cowdung
ins ead o 50% ecommended dose o chemical
e ilize can able o p oduce sa is ac o y highe yield
o cauli lowe .
Pe cen age o d y ma e o plan
Signi ican a ia ion in espec o pe cen d y ma e
o ed ama an h plan was obse ed in di e en
ea men s. The maximum d y ma e (11.50%) was
ound om he plan s ha we e ea ed wi h T
10
(10
/ha e micompos + 100% NPKS), whe eas he
lowes (10.36%) was ound in con ol (Table-5).
The e we e no signi ican di e ence in ea men s T
9
wi h T
7
; T
2
wi h T
5
, T
6
, T
8
and T
11
.
The e ec o ino ganic + o ganic e ilize in his
ega d may be a ibu ed o he p o ision o a o able
soil condi ion and supply o p ope nu ien s o
be e g ow h and yield o plan which p oduced
highe amoun o d y ma e o ed ama an h plan .
