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AN ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE TERM
“DICTIONARY” IN WORLD LINGUISTICS
Rasulo a Munoja ,
O ien al uni e si e i do sen .b
99-842-28-18. munoja [email protected]
Anno a ion
Dic iona ies occupy a dis inc i e posi ion wi hin linguis ic schola ship because
o hei essen ial ole in acili a ing c oss-linguis ic communica ion, analyzing
g amma ical s uc u es, es ablishing language no ms, shaping na ional consciousness,
en iching speech, and in luencing socio-poli ical awa eness. By he ea ly wen ie h
cen u y, dic iona ies came o be acknowledged as a signi ican means o enhancing
educa ional e ec i eness, which led o he ise o a new b anch in linguis ics—
educa ional lexicog aphy. Consequen ly, specialized school dic iona ies began o
appea in de eloped na ions and soon became an in eg al pa o he educa ional
sys em.
Key wo ds: Mode n educa ion, specialized dic iona ies, inno a i e eaching
echnologies, cogni i e app oach, independen lea ning, e ec i e me hods, Uzbek
linguis ics, la e de elopmen s, educa ional s anda ds.
Anno a siya
Lug‗a la ilshunoslik adabiyo ida alohida o‗ in u adi. Chunki ula illa a o
muloqo ni a‘minlash, ilning g amma ik uzilishini o‗ ganish, il me‘yo la ini
belgilash, milliy a akku ni shakllan i ish, nu qni boyi ish a ij imoiy-siyosiy ongni
i ojlan i ishda beqiyos ahamiya ga ega. XX as boshla iga kelib lug‗a la a‘lim
sama ado ligini oshi ishda muhim osi a si a ida an olina boshlandi a na ijada
ilshunoslikda yangi yo‗nalish — a‘limiy leksikog a iya shakllandi. Shuning uchun
i ojlangan mamlaka la da maxsus mak ab lug‗a la i ya a ilgan a ula a‘lim
izimining aj almas qismiga aylangan.
Kali so„zla : Zamona iy mak ab, maxsus lug‗a , ilg‗o pedagogik
exnologiyala , kogni i a‘lim, mus aqil ish, sama ali usul, o‗zbek ilshunosligi,
keyingi da la , maxsus lug‗a la , a‘limiy alabla .
In oduc ion. E e y dic iona y se es an ins uc i e pu pose. Ye , only hose
speci ically designed o schools a e conside ed ex books, as hey ollow ex book
pa ame e s. Schola ly a emp s o ace he o igins o dic iona ies began cen u ies
a e b oade lexical s udies had been unde aken in bo h Eu opean and Russian
linguis ics. Resea ch in lexicog aphic his o y, howe e , demons a es ha he ea lies
dic iona ies we e o iginally c ea ed o school pu poses, and gene al dic iona ies
e ol ed as ex ended e sions o hese educa ional ools.
The wo d ―lexicog aphy‖ de i es om he G eek ―lexikos‖ (wo d/dic iona y)
and ―g aphō‖ ( o w i e). In English i da es back o 1680, in Russian o 1845, and in
Polish o 1861. Each language has i s own his o ical e m o ―dic iona y‖: English —
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dic iona u, F ench — dic ionnai e, Russian — dic iona y, Sansk i — kosha
(ama akosha, meaning ― easu e‖) and nighan u (commen a ies on he Vedas), among
o he s.
The p og ession o lexicog aphy ypically ollows his sequence: ansla ion
dic iona ies → linguis ic dic iona ies → encyclopedic dic iona ies → educa ional
dic iona ies → elec onic dic iona ies. S udies in wo ld linguis ics sugges ha he
e y i s dic iona ies we e p oduced o pedagogical pu poses.
In ancien Mesopo amia (IV–III cen u ies BC), Sume ian and Akkadian
cap i es, despi e speaking di e en languages, we e o ced o coexis o ex ended
pe iods. Thei need o communica ion p omp ed a g oundb eaking de elopmen :
hey compiled lis s o plan s, ui s, moun ains, ma e ials, gods, emples, and a ious
objec s, eco ding he equi alen s in hei own languages [1]. They also c ea ed a
syllabic w i ing aid, ma king syllables o acili a e lea ning [4]. This ea ly
lexicog aphic eco d was p ese ed in he Nippu emple lib a y and e en ually laid
he ounda ion o he i s language-lea ning manuals.
The e olu ion o mode n school dic iona ies can be di ided in o h ee main
s ages:
1. Ea ly school dic iona ies;
2. Mul ilingual dic iona ies;
3. Re ined linguo-me hodological dic iona ies.
The i s s age ep esen s he ea lies e o s in lexicog aphy, o igina ing in
cul u al cen e s such as F ance, I aly, England, Russia, and elsewhe e in Eu ope,
beginning om ancien Rome h ough Byzan ium. These adi ions de eloped wi hin
G eco-La in linguis ic p ac ices, closely connec ed wi h Eas e n cul u al in luences.
The ea lies known dic iona y wo ks include hose om Egyp and
Mesopo amia, as well as by A is ophanes o Byzan ium (3 d–2nd cen u ies BC) and
Dionysius o Th ace (2nd cen u y BC) [1]. A is ophanes compiled glossa ies
explaining obscu e wo ds ound in classical ex s, whe eas Dionysius p oduced a
school dic iona y ha ca ego ized wo ds g amma ically—an ancien p ecu so o
ideog aphic dic iona ies [6].
Simila ly, du ing he 4 h–3 d cen u ies BC, Akkadian and Sume ian
communi ies, despi e hei linguis ic di e ences, inc easingly in e ac ed. This
p ac ical necessi y spu ed he p oduc ion o bilingual school manuals, pa ing he
way o sys ema ic language lea ning.
These ea ly manuals can easonably be ega ded as he wo ld‘s i s pocke
dic iona ies. In mode n imes, he ole o dic iona ies in educa ion has expanded
signi ican ly [4]. In gene al seconda y educa ion, hey help os e independen and
c ea i e hinking, s eng hen na ional iden i y, and cul i a e he abili y o a icula e
hough s bo h o ally and in w i ing [5]. A e Uzbekis an‘s independence, mo he -
ongue educa ion unde wen majo e o ms, wi h he goal o nu u ing c ea i e
exp ession and ensu ing ha e e y g adua e can compe en ly use hei na i e
language in spoken and w i en o m [8].
Cogni i e echnologies in na i e-language ins uc ion u he inc eased he
demand o dic iona ies, which ha e been o icially ecognized—alongside
ex books—as essen ial eaching esou ces in he s a e educa ional s anda d. These
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ad ances demons a e ha Uzbek educa ional lexicog aphy has en e ed a new
de elopmen al s age.
REFERENCES
1. Islomo I. Bobojono Sh. Uzbek Dic iona y o Wo d Le els 2007-2009
2. Mengliye B. Khudoibe diye a M. ―Dic iona y o Uzbek language ph ases‖
2007-2009
3. Mengliye B.M. Bah iddino a B.M. Uzbek Vocabula y Dic iona y, 2007-
2009
4. Mengliye B.M. Bah iddino a BM, Kholiyo o O ‘. Uzbek wo d- o ma ion
dic iona y, 2008
5. Mengliye B.R. Mode n Uzbek li e a y language. Phone ics-phonology.
G aphics. Spelling. Lexicology-semio ics. Lexicog aphy. Pa I Agains . 2004.
6. Na aso T. Na aso a V. ―Dic iona y o Uzbek p onuncia ion wo ds‖ 2008.
7. Na aso T. Na aso a V. ―Educa ional oponymic dic iona y o he Uzbek
language‖ 2007
8. Nema o H., Rasulo R. Fundamen als o sys emic lexicology o he Uzbek
language. -T .: Teache . 1995.-p.127 .
9. O.Shuku o , B.Boyma o a ―Dic iona y o synonyms o he Uzbek language‖
2007-2009.
10. A guide o compiling an explana o y dic iona y o he Uzbek language. T .:
Fan. 1964, p.84 .
