D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy
exchange and sma ading ool
including simula ion s udies o li ing
labs as ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion
© G id Singula i y P e L d
HYPERGRYD. This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020
esea ch and inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen No 101036656
Re . A es(2024)4929207 - 08/07/2024
DISCLAIMER
The opinion s a ed in his epo e lec s he opinion o he au ho s and no he opinion o he
Eu opean Commission.
All in ellec ual p ope y igh s a e owned by HYPERGRYD conso ium membe s and a e p o ec ed by
he applicable laws. Rep oduc ion is no au ho ised wi hou p io w i en ag eemen .
The comme cial use o any in o ma ion con ained in his documen may equi e a licence om he
owne o ha in o ma ion. G id Singula i y so wa e ools desc ibed in his epo a e p o ec ed by
open sou ce GPL .3 licence (backend code) and copy igh ( on end in e aces).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion
p og amme unde g an ag eemen Nº 101036656.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 2
P ojec
P ojec Ac onym
HYPERGRYD
P ojec Ti le
Hyb id coupled ne wo ks o he mal-elec ic in eg a ed Sma Ene gy Dis ic s
G an Ag eemen
numbe
101036656
Call iden i ie
H2020-LC-GD-2020
Topic iden i ie
LC-GD-2-1-2020
Inno a i e land-based and o sho e enewable ene gy echnologies and hei
in eg a ion in o he ene gy sys em
Funding Scheme
Resea ch and Inno a ion Ac ion
P ojec du a ion
42 mon hs (F om 1 Oc obe 2021)
Coo dina o
ARCbcn
Websi e
h p://hype g yd.eu
Deli e able
Deli e able No.
3.5
Deli e able i le
Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including
simula ion s udies o li ing labs as ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion
Desc ip ion
In he amewo k o HYPERGRYD WP3, T3.4, GSY, in collabo a ion wi h p ojec
pa ne s, has enhanced he G id Singula i y Exchange so wa e (Ene gy exchange
and sma ading ool o LEC wi h coupled ne wo ks) by de eloping, in eg a ing and
es ing digi al wins o he hea pump and dis ic hea ing ( i ual hea pump and
hea demand digi al win). The solu ion was hen demons a ed unde T5.5 Model
demons a ion and alida ion o he HYPERGRYD ICT se ices a SONNE by
simula ing mul iple scena ia and deploying he de eloped digi al wins as pa o he
enhanced GSY Simula ion Tool (also e med Singula i y Map) o e alua e he ole o
dis ic hea ing in local ene gy ma ke s, he impac o lexibili y asse s and o he wise
assess sec o coupling and pee - o-pee bene i s o indi iduals o ganised in ene gy
communi ies. This epo p esen s he ela ed de elopmen , he es ing and he
demons a ion s udy esul s.
WP No.
WP3 - ICT Modules and Simula ion Tools
Rela ed ask
T3.4 – Ene gy exchange and sma ading ool o LEC wi h coupled ne wo ks
especially Task 5.5 Model demons a ion and alida ion o he HYPERGRYD ICT
se ices a SONNE.
Lead Bene icia y
1 - GSY
Au ho (s)
GSY (Fa uma Ali-Will, Hannes Died ich, Ana T bo ich and Spy idon Tza ikas)
Con ibu o (s)
KTH, SONNE, AIT
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 3
Type
R
Dissemina ion
PU Public
Language
English – GB
Due
31/03/2024
Submission da e
03/04/2024
Ve sion
Da e
Au ho s
Desc ip ion
V.0.1
24/11/2023
GSY
Ve sion o in e nal deba e and e ision
a WP le el
V.1.0
1/03/2024
GSY
Ve sion o in e nal e iew ( o be
app o ed by echnical coo dina ion)
V.1.1
25/03/2024
SONNE, ARCbcn, AIT
In e nal e iew
V.2.0
2/04/2024
GSY
Final deli e able
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 4
Table o Con en s
1 Execu i e Summa y 12
2 In oduc ion 13
2.1 Scope 13
2.2 Audience 15
2.3 De ini ions / Glossa y 15
2.4 Abb e ia ions 16
2.5 Pa ne Con ibu ion 17
2.6 Baseline 17
2.7 Rela ion o o he ac i i ies 17
2.8 S uc u e 18
3 Hea Pump, Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand Digi al Twin De elopmen and In eg a ion in
he G id Singula i y Exchange 19
3.1. Hea Pump Digi al Twin De elopmen 19
3.2. Dis ic Hea ing (Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand) Digi al Twin De elopmen 24
3.2.1 Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand Digi al Twin Modelling 24
3.2.2. Vi ual Hea Pump Model Equa ions 25
3.2.3. Vi ual Hea Pump Code Con igu a ion 28
4 Hea Pump De elopmen Tes ing ia G id Singula i y Exchange Simula ion 29
4.1. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Tes ing Me hodology 29
4.1.1. Valida ion Tes ing Scope and Key Pe o mance Indica o s 29
4.1.2. Valida ion Da a Requi emen s, Collec ion and Mi iga ion Measu es 30
4.1.3 Hea Pump Tes ing Simula ion Con igu a ion 31
4.2. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Tes Resul s 32
4.2.1. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Measu emen Tes Resul s 32
4.2.2. Hea Pump Digi al Twin T ading Tes Resul s 37
4.2.3. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Tes ing Conclusions 45
5 G id Singula i y Simula ion Tool Demons a ion: S udy o The mal Asse Coupling and Flexibili y in
a Sonnenpla z Local Elec ici y Ma ke 47
5.1. Demons a ion S udy Con ex and Me hodology 47
5.1.1. Demons a ion S udy Con ex 47
5.1.2. Demons a ion S udy Ene gy Asse Da a 48
5.1.3. Demons a ion S udy Ma ke Mechanism and P icing Da a 52
5.1.4 Demons a ion S udy Simula ion Scena ios 54
5.2 Demons a ion S udy Resul s P esen a ion and Analysis 56
5.2.1. Base case scena io (SONNE LEC .1) 56
5.2.2. Al e ed asse con igu a ion (dis ic hea ing eplaced by hea pumps), no P2P ading
(SONNE LEC .2) 61
5.2.3. Base case wi h ac i a ed P2P ading (SONNE LEC .3) 65
5.2.4. Ac i a ed P2P ading, wi h hea pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing (SONNE LEC .4) 69
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 5
5.2.5: Base Case wi h ac i a ed P2P ading and applied dynamic a i s (SONNE LEC .5) 76
5.2.6. Ac i a ed P2P ading wi h applied dynamic a i s and hea pumps eplacing dis ic
hea ing (SONNE LEC .6) 85
5.2.7. Ac i a ed P2P ading wi h hea pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing and ading wi h an
op imised s a egy (SONNE LEC .7) 93
6 Conclusions 98
Re e ences 100
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 6
Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1. G id Singula i y Exchange Hea Pump Digi al Twin:
Ini ial, Final and P e e ed Buying Ra e in ela ion o Minimum and Maximum Ene gy Consumed 20
Figu e 2. G id Singula i y Exchange hea pump digi al win example o unc ion o main ain
empe a u e wi hin com o limi s, wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e
and he e ical axis showing empe a u e in °C. 20
Figu e 3. Hea Pump Ad anced Con igu a ion Op ions in he G id Singula i y Exchange UI 24
Figu e 4 : G ound sou ce i ual hea pump diag am 25
Figu e 5. G id Singula i y con igu a ion o a digi al win o a pa ial LEM comp ising o SONNE Homes
5, 9 and 10, wi h di e se ene gy asse ype and numbe 31
Figu e 6. SONNE Home 5 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 32
Figu e 7. SONNE Home 5 hea pump con igu a ion in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 33
Figu e 8. SONNE Home 9 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 33
Figu e 9. SONNE Home 9 hea pump con igu a ion in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 34
Figu e 10. SONNE Home 10 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 34
Figu e 11: SONNE Home 10 hea pump con igu a ion In he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 35
Figu e 12a. SONNE Home 5 ene gy consump ion p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw
da a wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing
consumed ene gy in kWh 36
Figu e 12b. SONNE Home 5 ene gy ading p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 ex ac ed om he G id Singula i y
simula ion ool wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical
axis showing ene gy bough in kWh 36
Figu e 13a. SONNE Home 10 PV p oduc ion p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw da a
wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing
p oduced ene gy in kWh 36
Figu e 13b. SONNE Home 10 PV ading p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw da a
ex ac ed om he G id Singula i y simula ion ool wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps and
he e ical axis showing ene gy sold in kW 37
Figu e 14. Coe icien o pe o mance as a unc ion o ime o hea pumps in simula ed SONNE LEM
o he pe iod 1-7 July 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and
he e ical axis showing COP ac o 37
Figu e 15. Resul s in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace showing communi y ene gy aded and
bills able and he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es 38
Figu e 16. SONNE Home 5 ene gy bills and he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es In he G id
Singula i y simula ion in e ace 39
Figu e 17. SONNE Home 5 hea pump ene gy ading p o ile in he G id Singula i y simula ion
in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis
showing ene gy bough in kWh 40
Figu e 18: SONNE Home 5 hea pump s o age ank empe a u e ime se ies in he G id Singula i y
simula ion in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he
e ical axis showing he ank empe a u e in °C 41
Figu e 19: SONNE Home 9 ene gy bills and he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es In he G id
Singula i y simula ion in e ace 42
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 7
Figu e 20a SONNE Home 9 hea pump ene gy ading p o ile in he G id Singula i y simula ion
in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis
showing ene gy bough in kWh 42
Figu e 20b SONNE Home 9 hea pump s o age ank empe a u e ime se ies in he G id Singula i y
simula ion in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he
e ical axis showing he ank empe a u e in °C 43
Figu e 21a SONNE Home 10 ene gy bills and he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es In he
G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 44
Figu e 21b. SONNE Home 10 cumula i e ade g aph in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace 44
Figu e 22a. SONNE Home 10 hea pump ene gy ading p o ile in he G id Singula i y simula ion
in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis
showing he ene gy bough in kWh 45
Figu e 22b. SONNE Home 10 hea pump s o age ank empe a u e ime se ies in he G id Singula i y
simula ion in e ace wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he
e ical axis showing he ank empe a u e in °C 45
Figu e 23. Sonnenpla z G oßschönau GmbH digi al win con igu a ion showing numbe and ype o
LEC pa icipan s and ene gy asse s 48
Figu e 24. Load consump ion p o ile o SONNE Building 1, in Wh o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he ene gy
consumed in Wh 49
Figu e 25. To al PV gene a ion in he SONNE in kW o 1-7 Augus 2023, wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he powe in kW 49
Figu e 26. Combined daily consump ion p o ile in kWh o 3 SONNE hea pumps on 1 Augus 2023
wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps pe 15-minu e slo o he selec ed day and he e ical
axis showing he ene gy consump ion in kWh 51
Figu e 27a. Example o Day Time-o -Use Ta i applied in he SONNE LEC simula ion wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed day and he e ical axis showing he p ice
€cen s/kWh 53
Figu e 27b. Example o Nigh Time-o -Use Ta i applied in he SONNE LEC simula ion wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed day and he e ical axis showing he p ice
€cen s/kWh 53
Figu e 28. Segmen o he G id Singula i y Exchange con igu a ion se up ile o he simula ion
scena io .1 54
Figu e 29a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion 1 o 1-7 Augus
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 60
Figu e 29b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .1 o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 60
Figu e 30a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion 2 o 1-7 Augus
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 64
Figu e 30b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .2 o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 65
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 8
Figu e 31a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 Augus
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 69
Figu e 31b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 69
Figu e 32. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in
Eu o/kWh (blue), Comme cial Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .4 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he
a o emen ioned a iables 71
Figu e 33. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in
Eu o/kWh (blue), Comme cial Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he
a o emen ioned a iables 72
Figu e 34a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .4 o 1-7 Augus
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 75
Figu e 34b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .4 o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing he expo ed and
impo ed ene gy in kWh 76
Figu e 35. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in
Eu o/kWh (blue), Comme cial Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he
a o emen ioned a iables 83
Figu e 36a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Day ToU
a i s, o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing he expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 84
Figu e 36b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Day ToU
a i s o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 84
Figu e 36c. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Nigh ToU
a i s o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 85
Figu e 36d. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Nigh ToU
a i s, o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 85
Figu e 37a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .6 wi h Day ToU a i ,
o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing
expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 91
Figu e 37b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .6 wi h Day ToU
a i s, o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 92
Figu e 37c. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .6 wi h Nigh ToU
a i o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis
showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh 92
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 9
Sel -su iciency a e e e s o he sha e (exp essed in pe cen age e ms) o an indi idual local ene gy
ma ke (LEM) pa icipan 's (o communi y’s) ene gy demand p oduced (and sel -consumed) locally
calcula ed o e a de ined ime ame (weekly o mon hly). The sel -su iciency a e in he amewo k
o his ask and deli e able is calcula ed as ollows: sel _su iciency(ma ke ) = sel _consumed_ene gy
/ o al_ene gy_demanded
The ene gy cos sa ings pe o mance indica o shows he inancial sa ings om pa icipa ing in a
local ene gy ma ke (LEM) o e a de ined ime ame (weekly o mon hly). The ene gy cos sa ings
alue in he amewo k o his ask and deli e able is calcula ed as ollows: Ene gy cos sa ings (€) =
Ene gy bill p io o local ading ( o al ene gy demand supplied by ex e nal supplie (kWh) * (ene gy
p ice se by ex e nal supplie + applicable g id ees) €- ene gy bill) wi h ac i a ed local ene gy ading
(€) (LEM Bill).
The ne ene gy aded (ene gy bough minus ene gy sold) in he local ene gy ma ke (LEM)
pe o mance indica o is calcula ed o e a de ined ime ame (weekly o mon hly) and exp essed in
kilowa hou s (kWh) o each pa icipan and he LEM (ene gy communi y), espec i ely.
2.4 Abb e ia ions
AIT: Aus ian Ins i u e o Technology
CNR: Is i u o di ecnologie a anza e pe l'ene gia "Nicola Gio dano"
COP: Coe icien o Pe o mance
DER: Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ces
DH: Dis ic Hea ing
DHC: Dis ic Hea ing and Cooling
ER: Expec ed Resul
GDPR: Gene al Da a P o ec ion Regula ion
GSY: G id Singula i y (G id Singula i y GmbH, G id Singula i y P e L d)
HP: Hea Pump
HYPERGRYD: Hyb id Coupled Ne wo ks o The mal-Elec ic In eg a ed Sma Ene gy Dis ic s
ICT: In o ma ion and Communica ions Technology
KTH: KTH Royal Ins i u e o Technology in S ockholm
LEC: Local Ene gy Communi y
LEM: Local Ene gy Ma ke
LIL: Li ing Lab / Li e-In Lab
MQTT: Message Queuing Teleme y T anspo
P2P: Pee - o-Pee
PV: Pho o ol aics
RES: Renewable Ene gy Sou ce
SOC: S a e o Cha ge
SONNE: Sonnenpla z G oßschönau GmbH, Aus ia
T: Task
UI: Use In e ace
VHP: Vi ual Hea Pump
WP: Wo k Package
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 16
2.5 Pa ne Con ibu ion
The Sonnenpla z G oßschönau GmbH (SONNE), p o ided he da a and he ela ed in o ma ion used in
alida ion es ing and in he demons a ion s udy o he digi al wins o he hea pump and he
dis ic hea ing sys em ( i ual hea pump and hea demand) de elopmen and in eg a ion in he G id
Singula i y Exchange. The da a collec ion was in pa suppo ed by he KTH Royal Ins i u e o
Technology in S ockholm (KTH), which de eloped a ool o de i e da a om he SONNE ene gy
me es and ope a ion senso s ia he In e ne by means o Message Queuing Teleme y T anspo
(MQTT) p o ocol. KTH also p o ided equa ions, which GSY hen u he de eloped and coded as pa
o he i ual hea pump modelling. Finally, CNR pa icipa ed in esea ch discussions and p o ided
se e al academic e e ences ha we e used in de elopmen conduc ed as pa o Task 3.4 which is
he basis o his deli e able.
2.6 Baseline
This deli e able is based on p e ious wo k o GSY o de elop he G id Singula i y Exchange as an
open-sou ce backend code wi h p o ec ed use in e aces [2], including, in e alia, he Singula i y
Map as a simula ion ool (GSY Simula ion Tool) [3]. The G id Singula i y Exchange has been
enhanced in he amewo k o he EU HYPERGRYD P ojec [1], by de eloping a digi al win o he
hea pump and a digi al win o he dis ic hea ing sys em, including he digi al win o hea
demand and a digi al win o a i ual hea pump ha mimics and eplaces he hea demand
cu en ly sa is ied by a dis ic hea ing ne wo k. The de elopmen also d aws on ele an academic
esea ch o his digi al win modelling, which is ully e e enced. Rela ed EU p ojec s such as he EU
FEDECOM P ojec [7], suppo ed by he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon Eu ope p og amme unde G an
Ag eemen No. 101075660, will complemen and build upon his wo k, enabling GSY as a p ojec
pa ne ac i e in bo h p ojec s o de elop a decen alised implemen a ion o i s so wa e, including
a ole o he digi al wins de eloped unde he HYPERGRYD p ojec .
2.7 Rela ion o o he ac i i ies
This epo is based on he wo k pe o med unde Task 3.4. which eeds on asks 1.4 and 3.2, as well
as ela ed ICT a chi ec u e and use case de elopmen asks in WP4 - HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin
Pla o m as a se ice, and asks pe o med in WP5 -TRL5 demons a ion in li ing labs and i ual
labs in LEC, especially Task 5.5 Model demons a ion and alida ion o he HYPERGRYD ICT se ices
a SONNE. The inal e sion o he epo (“D3.6: Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and
sma ading ool o LEC including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as ac i e LECs. Final e sion”)
will include he eedback om SONNE use s and o he s akeholde s, p o ided as pa o inal
ac i i ies o T5.5, as well as in ela ed dissemina ion and exploi a ion ac i i ies in WP6 -
Communica ion and Dissemina ion.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 17
2.8 S uc u e
●Sec ion 1: Execu i e Summa y
●Sec ion 2: In oduc ion (Scope, Audience, De ini ions/Glossa y, Abb e ia ions, Pa ne
Con ibu ion, Baseline, Rela ion o o he ac i i ies, S uc u e)
●Sec ion 3: Hea Pump, Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand Digi al Twin De elopmen and
In eg a ion in he G id Singula i y Exchange
●Sec ion 4: Hea Pump De elopmen Tes ing ia G id Singula i y Exchange Simula ion
●Sec ion 5: G id Singula i y Simula ion Tool Demons a ion: S udy o The mal Asse Coupling
and Flexibili y in a Sonnenpla z Local Elec ici y Ma ke
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 18
3 Hea Pump, Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand Digi al Twin
De elopmen and In eg a ion in he G id Singula i y Exchange
As pa o he HYPERGRYD P ojec [1], unded by he Eu opean Union’s H2020 P og amme unde
G an Ag eemen No. 101036656, GSY has enhanced i s G id Singula i y Exchange so wa e [2],
including he GSY Simula ion Tool [3] by de eloping and in eg a ing digi al wins o he hea pump
and dis ic hea ing ( i ual hea pump and hea demand digi al win).
3.1. Hea Pump Digi al Twin De elopmen
In he G id Singula i y Exchange, he hea pump is modelled as a load, which consumes elec ici y and
gene a es hea . I he hea pump has a s o age op ion (wa e ank) hen his is accoun ed o by a
dedica ed hea pump asse ading s a egy [8], which acili a es lexibili y ading by le e aging he
hea s o age capabili ies o he wa e ank. The hea hump places bids o elec ical ene gy anging
om an ini ial o inal buying a e, wi h p ices inc easing inc emen ally wi hin he ma ke slo upon
he upda e in e al. Asse owne s (o manage s) can ei he se he inal a e as a de aul p e e ed
buying a e o selec a p e e ed buying a e based on a sma ading algo i hm. One desc ip ion o a
possible sma ading s a egy is desc ibed below:
When he hea pump bids a e below he p e e ed buying a e, he hea pump ies o consume as
much ene gy as possible o sa is y he demand, while also cha ging he he mal s o age o u u e
use, hus maximising he bene i om lowe elec ici y p ices (case a). On he o he hand, i he
elec ici y p ice is highe han he p e e ed buying a e, he hea pump only consumes he equi ed
ene gy o main ain he s o age a he same empe a u e le el as he one be o e he ene gy ade
occu s (i.e. consumes only he ene gy equi ed o sa is y he asse owne ’s hea demand), aiming o
minimise he cos s incu ed by he inc eased ene gy p ices (case b).
a. Bid a e <= P e e ed buying a e
I he bid p ice is below he p e e ed buying a e, he hea pump s a egy is o consume he
maximum amoun o ene gy. The maximum ene gy ha he hea pump can buy a any poin in ime is
calcula ed based on he ollowing equa ion:
𝐸𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑢𝑦= 𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 * 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡, (𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥− 𝑇𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟+𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒)* (0. 00116* 𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘*ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)/𝐶𝑂𝑃)
whe e
- is he maximum powe a ing
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥
- is he slo leng h
𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡
- is he maximum empe a u e o he s o age ank
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥
- is he cu en empe a u e o he s o age ank
𝑇𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟
- is he empe a u e dec ease o he s o age ank due o hea consump ion
𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
- 0.00116 is he ene gy equi ed o hea one li e o wa e by 1 °C, in kWh
- is he olume o he s o age ank
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
- is he densi y o wa e
ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
- COP is he coe icien o pe o mance o he hea pump; depends on he hea pump ype,
and ∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟 − 𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 19
b. Bid a e > P e e ed buying a e
In his si ua ion, he hea pump s a egy is o consume he leas possible amoun o ene gy in o de
o keep he empe a u e a he same le el, since he p ices a e ela i ely high. Two di e en
si ua ions can a ise:
- > . In his case, he hea pump does no consume any ene gy (i ’s
𝑇𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛+𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
no commanded o unc ion because he empe a u e will be wi hin he empe a u e limi s
e en i some hea is consumed in he ma ke slo ). The e o e, Ene gy_ o_buy = 0
- <= . In his case he hea pump is o ced o unc ion, and i
𝑇𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛+𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
consumes he ene gy o main ain he empe a u e a he minimum, aking in o accoun he
ene gy consump ion o he use ’s p emise.
In all cases, he maximum powe a ing is espec ed, meaning ha no mo e ene gy is eques ed han
he ene gy equi alen o he Maximum Powe Ra ing, as illus a ed in g aphs below ( igu es 1 and 2).
Figu e 1. G id Singula i y Exchange Hea Pump Digi al Twin:
Ini ial, Final and P e e ed Buying Ra e in ela ion o Minimum and Maximum Ene gy Consumed
Figu e 2. G id Singula i y Exchange hea pump digi al win example o unc ion o main ain empe a u e wi hin com o
limi s, wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing empe a u e in °C.
The pa ame e s and de aul alues used o c ea e he empla e hea pump digi al win a e p esen ed
in Table 1 below.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 20
Table 1. Hea Pump Con igu a ion Pa ame e s in he G id Singula i y Exchange
Hea Pump
Pa ame e s
Desc ip ion
Uni
Da a
Type
Manda
o y
Use
Inpu
De aul
Value
Name
Name o he asse
-
Tex
Yes
N/A
Hea Pump
Type
Hea pump ype speci ica ion om d op-down menu:
- Ai - o-Wa e
- Wa e - o-Wa e
-
Ca ego y
alue
Yes
Ai - o-
Wa e
Minimum
Tempe a u e
Minimum wa e empe a u e o he hea pump s o age
(p o ided by he use based on pe sonal p e e ence; i
una ailable, se a 25°C since his is he com o
empe a u e se ing o unde loo hea ing)
°C
Cons an
alue
No
25
Maximum
Tempe a u e
Maximum wa e empe a u e o he hea pump s o age
(p o ided by he use based on pe sonal p e e ence; i
una ailable, se a 60°C based on analysis o
speci ica ion shee s o se e al hea pumps whe e alue
anges be ween 55 and 65°C)
°C
Cons an
alue
No
60
Tank Volume
Volume/capaci y o he he mal s o age ank based on
echnical shee (namepla e) o he s o age ank (i
una ailable a e age olume o 500l se as de aul based
on analysis o speci ica ion shee s o consume hea
pump s o ages)
l
Cons an
alue
No
500
Consump io
n P o ile
Elec ici y consump ion p o ile o he hea pump
(amoun o ene gy he hea pump consumes in kWh o
p oduce hea ), o be added by he use
kW
h
P o ile
/cs ile
Yes
N/A
Ini ial
empe a u e
Ini ial wa e empe a u e o he hea pump s o age a
he beginning o he simula ion (p o ided by he use
based on pe sonal p e e ence; i una ailable, se a he
same alue as he minimum empe a u e)
ºC
Cons an
alue
No
25
Ex e nal
Tempe a u e
P o ile
Ambien empe a u e p o ile a he communi y loca ion
based on his o ical wea he da a (use inpu , which can
be de i ed om Cope nicus Clima e Change Se ice o
simila se ice and esampled o he 15-minu e o
ano he ma ke slo [9] esolu ion)
°C
P o ile
/cs ile
Yes
N/A
Maximum
Powe
Ra ing
Maximum elec ici y demand by he hea pump based
on echnical shee (namepla e) o he hea pump
No e: I una ailable, i can be es ima ed by using he his o ical da a
o calcula e he maximum elec ici y consump ion o e he coldes
mon h o each hea pump in he communi y sepa a ely, since he
kW
Cons an
alue
No
3
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 21
hea demand du ing his mon h is a he highes le el, and hen
de i ing he mean alue and se ing his alue as a s anda d hea
pump capaci y.
Ini ial buying
a e
Minimum buying p ice o he hea pump in each ime
slo (based on use inpu , can be se o eed-in- a i o
ano he alue; he de aul is 0 since mos hea pump
owne s p e e maximum s o age / sel -consump ion)
c s/
kW
h
Cons an
alue
No
0
Final buying
a e
Maximum buying p ice o he hea pump in each ime
slo . The use can choose be ween “Use Inpu ” and
“Ma ke make a e”.
c s/
kW
h
Cons an
alue
No
Ma ke
-make
a e
P e e ed
buying a e
Se o buy ene gy a a p ice ha is equal o less han a
ce ain alue in each ime slo based on a sma ading
algo i hm o inpu alue ha can be
(i) Ini ial buying a e, in case you s a egy is jus o keep
he hea pump ope a ional o sa is y you own demand,
o (ii) Feed-in- a i in case you s a egy is in ending o
main ain a minimum e enue le el o ano he asse like
PV, o (iii) Final buying a e, in case you s a egy is
in ending o maximise s o age ega dless o he cos , o
(i ) A e age o ano he alue be ween he eed-in- a i
and he ma ke make a e o balance cos and supply
secu i y p e e ences.
c s/
kW
h
Cons an
alue
(single
alue o
a ied
based on
algo i h
m)
No
15
As a ema k, he he mal losses o he wa e ank a e no accoun ed o sepa a ely in he cu en
model bu conside ed as pa o he hea demand.
To con igu e a hea pump asse (HP) in he G id Singula i y Exchange backend code, he ollowing
lines a e o be added o he child en's lis o one o he a eas in he se up ile:
Asse (name="Hea Pump", s a egy=Hea PumpS a egy())
The Hea PumpS a egy pa ame e s can be se as ollows:
●maximum_powe _ a ing_kW: de aul =3; he maximal powe ha he HP will consume
●min_ emp_C: (de aul =50); minimum empe a u e o he HP s o age. I he empe a u e
d ops below his poin , he HP buys ene gy a any cos
●max_ emp_C: (de aul =60); maximum empe a u e o he HP s o age. I he empe a u e
ises abo e his poin , he HP does no buy any ene gy.
●ini ial_ emp_C: (de aul =50); ini ial empe a u e o he HP s o age
●ex e nal_ emp_C_p o ile: (manda o y use inpu ); ex e nal empe a u e ha in luences he
e iciency o he HP. I his pa ame e is selec ed, he ex e nal empe a u e is cons an o he
whole simula ion un
● ank_ olume_l: (de aul =500); olume o he s o age ank
●consump ion_kWh: (manda o y use inpu ); cons an powe alue in kWh o p o ided powe
p o ile as a dic iona y ha ollows he suppo ed o ma , ep esen ing he powe ha he HP
consumes when ope a ing.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 22
●p e e ed_buying_ a e: (de aul =15); a e in c s/kWh ha de e mines he ading s a egy;
●sou ce_ ype: (de aul : Hea PumpSou ceType.AIR); se how he hea exchange is conduc ed,
ei he ia ai o wa e /g ound, as i de e mines he COP calcula ion;
●o de _upda e _pa ame e s: o ype Hea PumpO de Upda e Pa ame e s. A empla e
con igu a ion can be seen below.
The hea pump p ice con igu a ion is se as ollows:
In o de o con igu e he hea pump bid p icing, he o de _upda e _pa ame e s should be se by
assigning he Hea PumpO de Upda e Pa ame e s da a class:
om gsy_e.models.s a egy.hea _pump impo Hea PumpO de Upda e Pa ame e s
om pendulum impo du a ion
om gsy_ amewo k.enums impo A ailableMa ke Types
Asse (name="Hea Pump", s a egy=Hea PumpS a egy(
o de _upda e _pa ame e s={
A ailableMa ke Types.SPOT: Hea PumpO de Upda e Pa ame e s(
upda e_in e al=du a ion(minu es=1), ini ial_ a e=20, inal_ a e=30)}))
The o de _upda e _pa ame e s expec s a dic iona y wi h A ailableMa ke Types as key and
Hea PumpO de Upda e Pa ame e s as alues.
I no se by he use , he ollowing de aul alues a e used:
●upda e_in e al: in e al ha ep esen s he ime be ween upda es o he bid p ices
pe o med by he applied ading s a egy (de aul : 1 minu e);
●ini ial_ a e: bid a e a he s a o he ma ke slo ; de aul alue is he eed-in- a i a e (i
no se , he de aul alue is 0 c s/kWh as explained in Table 1 abo e);
● inal_ a e: bid a e a he end o he ma ke slo ; de ined by he in ini e bus s a egy ha is
pa o he simula ion, which is he ma ke make a e (i no se , he de aul alue is 30
c s/kWh).
In addi ion o backend de elopmen suppo ed by he HYPERGRYD p ojec and made a ailable as
backend code unde he open-sou ce GPL .3 licence, GSY addi ionally in eg a ed he de elopmen in
i s use in e ace (UI), also e med he Singula i y Map o he GSY Simula ion Tool [3]. In he exp ess
hea pump con igu a ion mode, he use is p o ided wi h a empla e (syn he ic) hea pump model o
include as an asse a a selec loca ion in he simula ed local ene gy ma ke by naming he asse and
se ing i s loca ion, while in he ad anced hea pump con igu a ion mode, he e a e wo se ings
e e ing o i s Capaci y and P o ile and he T ading S a egy, shown in he Figu e 3 below. Mo e
in o ma ion on he G id Singula i y hea pump digi al win UI con igu a ion is a ailable in he GSY
Wiki [8].
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 23
Figu e 3. Hea Pump Ad anced Con igu a ion Op ions in he G id Singula i y Exchange UI
3.2. Dis ic Hea ing (Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand) Digi al Twin
De elopmen
Fo homes (o o he ene gy communi y pa icipan s) ha a e connec ed o dis ic hea ing (DH), GSY
has also de eloped a digi al win o a hea pump ha mimics and eplaces he hea demand cu en ly
sa is ied by a dis ic hea ing ne wo k, modelled as a i ual hea pump (VHP) wi h s o age and a
ela ed ading s a egy. This VHP implemen a ion [10] is a ailable exclusi ely in he backend sou ce
code, since i will likely be used by ene gy esea che s o simula e how dis ic hea ing could be
eplaced by a hea pump o compa e hei espec i e pe o mance. In e sely, he VHP can also be
used o calcula e he hea demand o homes o o he ene gy communi y pa icipan s, and
consequen ly enable he simula ion o a dis ic hea ing connec ion ha would sa is y his hea
demand as opposed o elec ici y asse s. Finally, o simula ions ha simply wan o accoun o he
dis ic hea ing connec ion wi hou conside ing a po en ial eplacemen wi h hea pumps, he digi al
win o he dis ic hea ing supply o he measu ed hea demand can be modelled as a "hea ma ke
make ", i.e. digi al ading agen wi h a speci ic ading s a egy [11] ep esen ing he dis ic hea ing
p o ide , which will only sell hea ene gy o he hea demand digi al win o he espec i e
communi y membe . The selling p ice o his ma ke make will be he dis ic hea ing p ice ha he
hea consume cu en ly pays, in c s/kWh (Eu o Cen s pe kilowa hou ). The hea demand digi al
win, in u n, is modelled as a load wi h a “consump ion p o ile” de ined by he measu ed hea
demand in kWh. Thus, he “hea ma ke make ” will only be used in o de o co e he hea demand
o he hea load and accoun ing o he mone a y cos o hea ing.
3.2.1 Vi ual Hea Pump and Hea Demand Digi al Twin Modelling
A Vi ual Hea Pump (VHP) is akin o a digi al win ep esen ing he dis ic hea ing sys em ole in he
elec ici y ma ke , simula ing how he demand o elec ici y ha is sa is ied by dis ic hea ing could
be sa is ied i a hea pump we e used ins ead. This allows o a compa ison o he cos s and bene i s
o he wo al e na i es, including an assessmen on he impac on he g id s abili y by po en ially
adding hea pumps o he sys em. Finally, i acili a es he sizing op imiza ion ( he selec ion o he
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 24
model, a ing o o he namepla e pa ame e s) o he hea pump i he e is a conside a ion o eplace
he dis ic hea ing connec ion. The modelled ading s a egy assumes ha he dis ic hea ing
ne wo k connec ion would be eplaced by a g ound sou ce hea pump, which includes a wa e ank
s o age ( e e ence model illus a ed in he Figu e 4 below). The hea pump is modelled in i s en i e y
as a single sys em and no as sepa a e uni s; he e o e, he condense and he comp esso a e bo h
accoun ed o in he elec ici y demand. O he VHP con igu a ion pa ame e s can be modi ied o sui
a pa icula use case, as desc ibed in sec ion 3.2.3 below.
Figu e 4 : G ound sou ce i ual hea pump diag am
The hea pump ope a ion s eps a e he ollowing:
1. Hea om he wa e pipes (bo eholes) in he g ound (#1 in Figu e 4) is ans e ed o he
sou ce side o he hea pump, ia he hea exchange (e apo a o ) (#2 in Figu e 4)
2. The hea pump comp esso (#3 in Figu e 4) inc eases he p essu e and empe a u e o he
gas medium.
3. The hea om he condense side o he hea pump is ans e ed o he wa e ank s o age
ia he second hea exchange (#4 in Figu e 4) and he gas medium is cooled and con e ed
o liquid (condensed).
4. The wa e ank s o age (#5 in Figu e 4) empe a u e is inc eased as a esul o he hea
p oduced by he hea pump condense in s ep #3.
5. Hea om he wa e ank s o age is used in o de o p o ide he hea demand o he building
(#6 in Figu e 4).
Unlike he hea pump model desc ibed abo e, dis ic hea ing ne wo ks use wa e pipes ha a e
di ec ly connec ed o he building, and usually he supply empe a u e, e u n empe a u e and
wa e low a es a e measu ed in o de o acili a e cus ome billing. The i ual hea pump model
can use hese dis ic hea ing measu emen s o calcula e he hea demand o he building. The hea
demand is hen p o ided as an inpu o he VHP model o calcula e he ene gy ha needs o be
consumed by he hea pump in o de o p o ide he hea demand, aking in o accoun he lexibili y
ha he wa e ank s o age p o ides.
3.2.2. Vi ual Hea Pump Model Equa ions
The model o he i ual hea pump comp ises a se o ma hema ical equa ions ha each simula es a
di e en componen o a hea pump sys em. The sys em o linea equa ions is op imised, in o de o
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 25
4.2. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Tes Resul s
4.2.1. Hea Pump Digi al Twin Measu emen Tes Resul s
Each asse pa icipa ing in he simula ed SONNE LEM was sized and con igu ed acco ding o he
namepla e speci ica ions o he eal asse s. Plo s and g aphs o he asse da a inpu s a e shown in
igu es gene a ed by he web-based GSY Simula ion Tool [3], alida ing ha hei alues a e wi hin a
speci ic accep able ange.
a) Home 5 Measu emen Resul s
Figu e 6. SONNE Home 5 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
- 1 Load “05.0.05”:
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
- 1 PV “Cus om PV”: :
- ini ial selling a e: 30 c s/kWh
- inal selling a e: 0 c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
- local gene a ion p o ile
- capaci y: 40 kWp
- o ien a ion: 235°
- il : 18°
- 1 Ba e y “Ba e y” (namepla e alues aken om [21]) :
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 25 c s/kWh
- ini ial selling a e: 30 c s/kWh
- inal selling a e: 25.1c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
- capaci y: 11.52 kWh
- maximum powe 11.52kW
- ini ial capaci y: 4%
- minimum SOC: 4%
- 1 Hea pump “05.0.03”:
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 32
- wa e - o-wa e
- minimal empe a u e: 30 °C
- maximum empe a u e: 45 °C
- ini ial empe a u e: 30 °C
- ank olume: 1000 l
- maximum powe a ing: 2.78 kW
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p e e ed buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
Figu e 7. SONNE Home 5 hea pump con igu a ion in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
b) Home 9 Measu emen Resul s
Figu e 8. SONNE Home 9 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
- 4 loads (“09.0.02”, “09.0.03”, “09.0.04”, “09.0.05”):
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
- 1 hea pump “09.0.01”:
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 33
- wa e - o-wa e
- minimal empe a u e: 25 °C
- maximum empe a u e: 30 °C
- ini ial empe a u e: 25 °C
- ank olume: 400 l
- maximum powe a ing: 1.26 kW
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p e e ed buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
Figu e 9. SONNE Home 9 hea pump con igu a ion in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
c) Home 10 Measu emen Resul s
Figu e 10. SONNE Home 10 asse o e iew in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
- 1 load “10.0.02”:
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 34
- 1 PV “10.0.04”:
- ini ial selling a e: 30 c s/kWh
- inal selling a e: 0 c s/kWh
- p ice upda e in e al: 1 minu e
- 1 hea pump “10.0.01”:
- wa e - o-wa e
- minimal empe a u e: 15 °C
- maximum empe a u e: 50 °C
- ini ial empe a u e: 15 °C
- ank olume: 600 l
- maximum powe a ing: 1.56 kW
- ini ial buying a e: 0 c s/kWh
- inal buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
- p e e ed buying a e: 30 c s/kWh
Figu e 11: SONNE Home 10 hea pump con igu a ion In he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace
A e sizing and con igu ing he asse s, a simula ion o a local ene gy ma ke (LEM), mimicking an
ope a ion o pee - o-pee ading in an ene gy communi y, was unde aken o alida e ha he
gene a ed and consumed ene gy alues co espond o he ele an sma me e and senso da a
p o ided by SONNE.
Figu es below (12a compa ed o 12b, and 13a compa ed o 13b) show ha he aw elec ici y
consump ion and p oduc ion p o iles p o ided o he SONNE Home 5 Load and Home 10 PV,
espec i ely, ma ch he ading p o iles ha we e gene a ed based on he p o ided con igu a ion
pa ame e s. These also show ha he co ec ion o he aw da a o missing and shi ed imes amps
was pe o med co ec ly.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 35
Figu e 12a. SONNE Home 5 ene gy consump ion p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw da a wi h he
ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing consumed ene gy in kWh
Figu e 12b. SONNE Home 5 ene gy ading p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 ex ac ed om he G id Singula i y simula ion
ool wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing ene gy bough in kWh
Figu e 13a. SONNE Home 10 PV p oduc ion p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw da a wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps o he selec ed da e and he e ical axis showing p oduced ene gy in kWh
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 36
Figu e 13b. SONNE Home 10 PV ading p o ile on 1-7 July 2023 plo ed om o iginal aw da a ex ac ed om he G id
Singula i y simula ion ool wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps and he e ical axis showing ene gy sold in kW
Finally, he hea pump coe icien o pe o mance (COP) alue was alida ed. The a e age wa e ank
empe a u e pe ank olume was calcula ed based on he ene gy aded by he hea pump a a
speci ic ime and he esul ing ank empe a u e. This was hen checked agains he hea pump
namepla e pa ame e s, e alua ing whe he he esul ing empe a u e in he simula ion emained
wi hin he namepla e minimum / maximum ange. Figu e 16 below shows he co ela ion o he COP
wi h he ambien empe a u e (wa e o m) and he s o age empe a u e. The peaks in he g aph a e
a esul o a dec eased s o age empe a u e and he subsequen unma ched elec ici y demand o
he hea pump. Once a o dable ene gy is a ailable (o he empe a u e d ops o he minimum
s o age empe a u e), he a ailable ene gy is used o compensa e o he s o age empe a u e d op
du ing he pas ime pe iod, leading o empo a ily highe COP alues. Ano he obse a ion is ha
he COP alues o Home 9 (shown in ed) a e highe han o Home 5 (shown in blue) and Home 10
(shown in g een) due o he di e en namepla e cha ac e is ics in he modelled hea pumps. Home 9
has a hea pump wi h signi ican ly lowe maximum powe a ing han he o he homes’ hea pumps,
obliging i o ope a e wi h a highe COP ac o o sa is y he household’s hea demand.
Figu e 14. Coe icien o pe o mance as a unc ion o ime o hea pumps in simula ed SONNE LEM o he pe iod
1-7 July 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing COP ac o
4.2.2. Hea Pump Digi al Twin T ading Tes Resul s
Finally, he GSY simula ion o a local ene gy ma ke (LEM) o a pa ial SONNE communi y was used o
alida e whe he he ading beha iou o he asse s co esponds o he size / capaci y o he asse s,
as well as o alida e he asse s’ ading s a egy.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 37
Figu e 15 below shows o wha ex en he 3 communi y membe s used he sel -p oduced ene gy and
how much ene gy had o be bough om an ex e nal supplie i.e. u ili y ( ep esen ed by he “G id
Ma ke ” en y in he bills able shown in Figu e 15). The esul s a e aligned wi h he indi idual
communi y membe esul s p esen ed below o each pa icipa ing home and o all hea pump
asse s. In o al, 1482.07 kWh o elec ici y was p oduced by he communi y, and an addi ional 156.45
kWh p o ided ex e nally by he u ili y (shown in he G id Ma ke “Sold” column). Mos o he
communi y- p oduced ene gy was bough by he ex e nal ma ke (1087.25 kWh, shown in he G id
Ma ke “Bough ” column). The signi ican expo esul s in a low sel -consump ion o 28.2%. The
sel -su iciency is qui e high a 73.2% because mos o he demanded ene gy o 584.23 kWh was
p o ided by he communi y membe s.
Figu e 15. Resul s in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace showing communi y ene gy aded and bills able and
he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es
P osume homes 5 and 10 gene a e e enue based on he PV gene a ion. In con as , Home 9 is an
ene gy consume only wi h a consump ion load and a hea pump. The esul s a e p esen ed and
explained o each home below.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 38
4.2.2.1 Home 5 T ading Resul s
Figu e 16. SONNE Home 5 ene gy bills and he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es In he G id Singula i y
simula ion in e ace
The bills in Home 5 in Figu e 16 show a sel -su iciency a e o 67.2%, indica ing ha he majo i y o
he ene gy demand was sa is ied by own PV gene a ion. The Home 5 PV p oduced 1304.4 kWh which
was mos ly sold ou side o he home ma ke which esul ed in a low sel -consump ion a e o 12.9%.
This is a esul o he load p o ile also demanding ene gy when he e is no PV p oduc ion (mainly a
nigh ). Fu he mo e, he s o age did no sell all i s ene gy o he Home 5 load, because he ene gy
o e is also made o o he communi y pa icipan s, which esul s in ades wi h loads in o he homes.
I he ene gy o e was es ic ed o p io i ise loads in Home 5, he sel -consump ion and
sel -su iciency a es would be highe .
4.2.2.2. Home 5 Hea Pump T ading Resul s
The hea pump in Home 5 was se up o always consume as much ene gy as equi ed in o de o s o e
as much hea as possible in he s o age ank. This was achie ed by se ing he p e e ed buying a e
o be equal o he inal buying a e. In he ene gy bills and aded ene gy able, he o al ene gy
demand o he hea pump in Home 5 (05.0.03) is 1.2kWh, which is compa a i ely low compa ed o
o he hea pumps (e.g. in he o he houses. Figu e 17 shows he ading p o ile o he hea pump in
Home 5.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 39
Figu e 17. SONNE Home 5 hea pump ene gy ading p o ile in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace wi h he ho izon al
axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing ene gy bough in kWh
G een ba s show he demanded consump ion o he hea pump and ed ba s show he ac ual bough
ene gy. The g aph shows ha he e a e pe iods o ime ( ime slo s) when he hea pump demanded
ene gy bu did no buy i . This is a esul o bo h he p ice se ing o he hea pump and he beha iou
o he ene gy ma ke . The hea pump was con igu ed o submi bids o ene gy s a ing a a a e o 0
c s/kWh a he beginning o he ma ke slo and inc easing o he ma ke make a e (se o 30
c s/kWh) by he end o he ma ke slo . Consequen ly, he e may no ha e been su icien ime o
clea hese bids a he las ick in he ma ke slo (in he G id Singula i y Exchange ools, he lowes
ime uni is called “ ick” and i s leng h can be con igu ed by he use ; in his simula ion he de aul
ick leng h o 15 seconds was used).
Gene ally, i a bid is ma ched wi h an o e in a lowe ma ke , all connec ed o e s a e spli along he
ading pa h. The co esponding o e s in he o he b anches o he se up ee will be dele ed
ins an ly, bu he epos ing o he ma ke make o e in ha b anch's ma ke s will ake some ime (2
icks o 30 seconds). Fo example, i he hea pump in Home 10 pu chases some o he o e ed ene gy
om he u ili y p o ide in he las ick o he ma ke slo in he Home 10 ma ke , he e will be no
o e om he u ili y p o ide in Home 5 because i was dele ed immedia ely a e he ade in Home
10. I he e a e no o he sou ces o ene gy, no ene gy o e s will be le in he Home 5 ma ke . This
will lea e he Home 5 hea pump bid unma ched, and no elec ici y will be con e ed in o hea .
Consequen ly, he empe a u e o he hea pump s o age d ops. This can be obse ed in he s o age
ank empe a u e g aph du ing he obse ed imes, shown in Figu e 18.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 40
Figu e 18: SONNE Home 5 hea pump s o age ank empe a u e ime se ies in he G id Singula i y simula ion in e ace wi h
he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he ank empe a u e in °C
When he hea pump is once again able o pu chase ene gy, he empe a u e begins o ise. These
empe a u e d ops co espond o nigh ime pe iods when nei he PV-gene a ed no s o ed ene gy is
a ailable. Du ing his ime, he s o age ank empe a u e d ops because he e is no ene gy a ailable
be ween 12 PM and 5 AM. The empe a u e d op is only e y small (maximal 0.1°C o a minimum
44.9°C) because he low ene gy demand aces a la ge s o age capaci y o 1000 li es. Due o he
andom dispa ching o o e s in he G id Singula i y simula ion exchange, e en in hese imes, he
Home 5 hea pump is able o buy ene gy which esul s in an inc ease o he s o age ank
empe a u e.
To de e mine i he p icing se ings a e causing his beha iou , we conduc ed ano he simula ion un.
In his un, he inal buying p ice o he hea pump was se highe han he ma ke make a e (a 35
c s/kWh). This adjus men allowed he hea pump o each he ma ke make a e ea lie in he
ma ke slo . Wi h his change, he hea pump was always able o pu chase ene gy esul ing in no
unma ched demand and no d ops in s o age ank empe a u e.
4.2.2.3 Home 9 T ading Resul s
In Home 9, only loads and one hea pump a e connec ed. Consequen ly, he sel -su iciency and he
sel consump ion a es a e 0, as shown in he igu e below:
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 41
Figu e 23. Sonnenpla z G oßschönau GmbH digi al win con igu a ion showing numbe and ype o LEC
pa icipan s and ene gy asse s
P ojec pa ne , KTH Royal Ins i u e o Technology, was asked wi h e ie ing eal- ime da a o all o
he SONNE ene gy me es and ope a ion senso s ia he In e ne by means o Message Queuing
Teleme y T anspo (MQTT) p o ocol since he p e iously collec ed his o ical da a om SONNE was
no o su icien quali y o simula ion pu poses. The esul ing ime-se ies da a, s a ing wi h 1 Ap il
2023, was uploaded in he o m o an Excel ile on he p ojec ’s elec onic da abase (Sha epoin ) o
use by G id Singula i y (GSY), oge he wi h addi ional da a collec ed di ec ly om SONNE by GSY, o
es he de eloped hea pump digi al win and con igu e he SONNE LEC o conduc simula ions o
demons a e he p ojec ’s de elopmen s. As en isaged, GSY did no use any pe sonal da a pe aining
o communi y membe s o he han anonymised, non-speci ic geoloca ion o espec i e ene gy asse s.
Fo he pu pose o his s udy, he SONNE managemen has he ole o a da a con olle and KTH and
GSY ha e ac ed as da a p ocesso s, espec ing he GDPR egula ion [14].
5.1.2. Demons a ion S udy Ene gy Asse Da a
De ailed in o ma ion on he SONNE his o ical da a used o con igu e he LEM (ene gy communi y)
pa icipan s and hei ene gy asse s o his demons a ion s udy is p esen ed in a able in Annex I,
which is no published wi h his epo o ensu e GDPR compliance. The epo ins ead includes a
high le el o e iew o he SONNE asse da a he e below. The da a equi emen s o he GSY
Simula ion Tool [3] a e a ailable on he ele an page o he G id Singula i y Wiki [13].
a) Elec ici y consump ion: 23 SONNE load asse s, all wi h a me e ed consump ion load p o ile,
we e con igu ed, wi h an example p o ile shown in Fig. 2 below:
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 48
Figu e 24. Load consump ion p o ile o SONNE Building 1, in Wh o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he ene gy consumed in Wh
b) PV gene a ion: A o al o nine (9) buildings in he SONNE ha e PV asse s, wi h ou (4)
me e ed and i e (5) non-me e ed. To con igu e he non-me e ed PVs, GSY deployed he G id
Singula i y’s Cus om PV ool [16], which models PV gene a ion by le e aging loca ion-based
da a p o iles gene a ed om he Ene gy Da a Map [17] p o ided by ebase.ene gy [18] based
on he PV’s capaci y, loca ion, azimu h, and il . I is impo an o no e ha some o he PVs
in he communi y, such as hose in buildings 8 and 12, we e se o be pu ely eed-in, due o
an old a i model ha made i economically mo e iable o eed-in he en i e gene a ed
elec ici y. The o al PV gene a ion p o ile in he SONNE o he week o 1-7 Augus 2023 is
shown in Fig. 3 below:
Figu e 25. To al PV gene a ion in he SONNE in kW o 1-7 Augus 2023, wi h he ho izon al axis showing
imes amps o he selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he powe in kW
c) Hea demand - A no able ea u e o he SONNE communi y is i s dis ic hea ing ne wo k,
which sa is ies he communi y’s hea demand, measu ed in kWh. To assess he impac o
hea pumps and subsequen ly he lexibili y ha could po en ially be p o ided by he mal
s o age, i ual hea pumps wi h s o age we e sized and simula ed using he G id Singula i y's
Vi ual Hea Pump Model [10] desc ibed in Sec ion 3 o his epo . Al hough hea demand
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 49
measu emen s we e lis ed as a ailable da a poin s, hese we e no p o ided and he hea
demand o each building was ins ead calcula ed by le e aging he dis ic hea ing
measu emen s, namely sou ce/ e u n empe a u e and wa e low, which we e p o ided as
15-minu e ime se ies p o iles. Fo one o he equi ed alues, he ambien empe a u e
p o ile a he communi y loca ion, he his o ical wea he da a was de i ed om he
Cope nicus Clima e Change Se ice [15] and esampled o he 15-minu e ma ke slo
esolu ion.
In he SONNE communi y, six (6) homes/buildings wi h 14 ou o 15 a ailable dis ic hea ing
ne wo k connec ions we e simula ed as i ual hea pumps ( he hea demand o he
Comme cial Building 6 was no included in he simula ion because he da a pe aining o he
dis ic hea ing ne wo k was no a ailable and could no be ex apola ed; impo an ly, his
did no impac he esul s since he same app oach was applied o he base case scena io).
The capi al cos (CAPEX) o pu chasing and ins alling he hea pumps was no conside ed in
he inancial e alua ion o he hea pump impac compa ed o using he dis ic hea ing
exclusi ely since a eliable CAPEX cos analysis would equi e a simula ion o a da ase wi h a
longe ime ame o p oduce eliable esul s.
d) Ene gy s o age / ba e ies - One o he signi ican ad an ages o ba e y s o age is i s
capaci y o inc ease he sel -consump ion a es o oo op pho o ol aic (PV) sys ems, he eby
cu bing eliance on con en ional g id powe . In he SONNE communi y, he 11 a ailable
ba e y s o ages we e con igu ed.
e) Hea pumps - A hea pump is a de ice used o hea wa e and p emises by ex ac ing hea
om one place (ai sou ce, wa e sou ce, and g ound sou ce/geo he mal) and mo ing i o
ano he (some pumps also ha e a cooling unc ion bu only hea ing is conside ed he e).
Depending on he ex e nal empe a u e and he hea ing needs, a hea pump usually has a
coe icien o pe o mance (COP) o a ound 2-4 [6], which means ha i is able o p oduce 2-4
kWh o hea by consuming 1 kWh o elec ici y. Since he SONNE has h ee (3) wa e - o-wa e
hea pumps wi h s o age bu he ins alled hea pump models do no p o ide he
measu emen s ela ed o hea demand and only p o ide he hea pump’s o al elec ici y
consump ion, i is no possible o simula e he s o age unc ion o hese hea pumps. I he
espec i e homes/buildings we e connec ed o he dis ic hea ing ne wo k, we could ha e
used he hea demand measu emen s o wa e low, supply and e u n empe a u e da a o
syn he ically gene a e he hea demand bu his is no he case. The e o e, hese hea pumps
we e modelled only as consume s o elec ici y (loads), wi h he Fig. 4 below showing he
daily consump ion p o ile o he h ee simula ed SONNE hea pumps:
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 50
Figu e 26. Combined daily consump ion p o ile in kWh o 3 SONNE hea pumps on 1 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps pe 15-minu e slo o he selec ed day and he e ical axis showing he ene gy consump ion in kWh
In addi ion o con ibu ing e o o syn hesise he equi ed da a whe e ac ual da a was only pa ially
a ailable, signi ican e o was dedica ed o da a quali y e iew and p ocessing, including inpu
o ma ing o consump ion and p oduc ion p o iles, in o de o co ec he misalignmen o he
imes amps wi h he slo s a imes. Fo example, depending on he p o ile ecei ed, he e was a
ime shi o 1 o 3 minu es ha needed o be adjus ed and addi ionally e o ma ed acco ding o he
GSY Simula ion Tool da a o ma equi emen s [13]. Mo eo e , he e we e se e al gaps (missing da a)
in p o ided consump ion p o iles in he ange o minu es, which we e esol ed by comple ing he
gaps wi h he la es consump ion alue; o example i he consump ion alue o 10:00 AM was
missing, he alue om 9:45 AM was inse ed. The eason o hese disc epancies lies in insu icien
measu emen quali y which is s ill a equen occu ence when i comes o ene gy da a.
Fu he mo e, inco ec da a was iden i ied in se e al ime slo s o dis ic hea ing measu emen s in
Comme cial Building 4 and O ice 8, whe e he dis ic hea ing supply empe a u e alue was highe
han he e u n empe a u e alue, which is no physically possible. SONNE managemen assump ion
is ha his ou come can be explained ei he as an a e - eac ion o he me e o as a consequence o
accumula ed hea , a a ime when he wa e low s a s a e s anding s ill o a while. To co ec o
e o s, he supply empe a u e was se o be equal o he e u n empe a u e in hese ins ances.
O he da a p ocessing unde aken included:
- The wa e low da a ecei ed was ins an aneous m^3 pe hou which was con e ed o
cumula i e m^3 pe 15 minu es;
- To calcula e he maximum powe a ings o he ba e y, he nominal ol age was mul iplied
wi h he maximum ou pu cu en as his da a was no a ailable in he p o ided ba e y
manuals;
- Consump ion da a ecei ed om he hea pump in building 5 we e impulse ime se ies da a
ha epo ed alues only when he accumula ed ene gy consump ion o each me e
su passed 0.1 kWh (app oxima ely once e e y 12 hou s). These had o be con e ed in o
non-accumula ed ime se ies by linea ly in e pola ing each measu emen , he eby assuming
ha he consumed ene gy was cons an o he ime slo s wi h no impulse da a
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 51
- In Ho el 7 and Residen ial Buildings 10 and 11, he loads and he PV we e behind a single
me e. In o he wo ds, he PV was me e ed, bu agg ega ed a he home/building le el. The
me e ed da a he e o e needed o be disagg ega ed using he G id Singula i y PV ool o
calcula e he ac ual PV gene a ion, and hen combined wi h he me e ed da a o ex apola e
he alues o sel -consump ion, load p o ile and expo om he g id. Speci ically, he
sel -consump ion was calcula ed by sub ac ing he me e ed PV eed-in om he o al yield o
he PV panel. The de i ed sel -consump ion alue was hen added o he me e ed load
consump ion om he g id p o iles, based on he o mulae below:
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑃𝑉𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑− 𝑃𝑉𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑−𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑 + 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
When compa ing scena ia, he ollowing o mula was applied, adap ed o he scena io
numbe and he analysed pa ame e s (ne cos , sel -su iciency a e, e c):
𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡_𝑜𝑓_𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑣.2 − 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡_𝑜𝑓_𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒_𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒_𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 / 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡_𝑜𝑓_𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒_𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒_𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
A inal no e wi h ega ds o SONNE asse da a is ha he e was an ex pos iden i ica ion o
me e ing e o s due o issues wi h me e impulse eadings and inco ec PV capaci y
in o ma ion supplied by wo PV owne s. Ne e heless, since all esul s in ol e a compa ison
wi h he base case, he conclusions d awn om his s udy emain co ec .
5.1.3. Demons a ion S udy Ma ke Mechanism and P icing Da a
) Elec ici y p ices and g id a i s: In he SONNE communi y, he elec ici y p ices o
households in 2023 anged be ween 19 and 32 cen s pe kilowa -hou (kWh). The g id ees
amoun ed o app oxima ely 19% o ha alue, ene gy p ice 59.4% and axes and su cha ges
21.7%. To simpli y he simula ion se -up, a selling a e o 25.5 c s/kWh was used as his was
he mean alue o he u ili y a e, also e med he Ma ke Make a e. The speci ic
eed-in- a i o he esiden ial pho o ol aic (PV) sys ems was be ween 13-27 cen /kWh in
he simula ed pe iod, and a mean o 20 c s/kWh was used in he simula ion.
g) Two ime-o -use (ToU) g id a i s we e implemen ed o simula ion scena ios .5 and .6,
espec i ely. The i s is a day ToU a i , whe e elec ici y p ices a e lowe du ing he day
when PV p oduc ion is high, leading o inc eased sales o PV gene a ion o he g id / ex e nal
ma ke and educing sel -consump ion. In con as , he nigh ToU a i has high elec ici y
p ices du ing he day when PV p oduc ion is high, incen i ising all communi y pa icipan s o
buy elec ici y om communi y-p oduced PV o he ex en possible, inc easing
sel -consump ion. The example p o iles o he wo di e en ToU a i s a e shown in Figu es
27a and 27b below.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 52
Figu e 27a. Example o Day Time-o -Use Ta i applied in he SONNE LEC simula ion wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps o he selec ed day and he e ical axis showing he p ice €cen s/kWh
Figu e 27b. Example o Nigh Time-o -Use Ta i applied in he SONNE LEC simula ion wi h he ho izon al axis
showing imes amps o he selec ed day and he e ical axis showing he p ice €cen s/kWh
h) Hea p ices cha ged by he dis ic hea ing company: Acco ding o he in o ma ion p o ided
by he SONNE managemen , he dis ic hea ing p ice o he simula ed pe iod is 12.24
cen s/kWh including axes. This p ice was used in he calcula ion o he hea ing ene gy bills in
he simula ion scena io .1, which simula ed he base case whe e he hea demand was ully
sa is ied by he dis ic hea ing.
i) Ma ke clea ing mechanism - To simula e pee - o-pee ading in se e al simula ion
scena ios, a wo-sided pay-as-bid [20] ma ke clea ing mechanism was applied by he GSY
simula ion ool, which is he ading mechanism mos commonly used by o he pee - o-pee
ene gy communi ies, hus ende ing he esul s mo e widely applicable. . The ma ke p icing
o ex e nal supply (u ili y a e) and su plus sale o he g id ( eed-in- a i ) and ne wo k cos
(g id ees) e lec he ac ual condi ions in SONNE.
To incen i ise local ading, a delay o 30 seconds was implemen ed when o wa ding
bid/o e o he g id han when p opaga ing he bids/o e s o he communi y. As a
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 53
esul , he asse s in he communi y ha e a g ea e chance o ading ene gy amongs
hemsel es be o e any de ici and su plus is bough o sold om o o he g id.
To conclude, he SONNE was digi ally con igu ed as a local ene gy ma ke (LEM o an ene gy
communi y) in he GSY Simula ion Tool [3], wi h he geoloca ion in G oßschönau, Aus ia (la i ude:
48.64, longi ude: 14.93) and digi al wins o selec 13 LEM pa icipan s wi h 64 di e en ene gy
asse s. The ene gy asse s’ con igu a ion [19] was implemen ed using he G id Singula i y Exchange
backend code [2] based on he his o ical elec ici y consump ion and gene a ion da a, wi h
supplemen ed syn he ic da a whe e needed, as desc ibed abo e, wi h he se -up ile exce p shown
in he Figu e 28 below.
Figu e 28. Segmen o he G id Singula i y Exchange con igu a ion se up ile o he simula ion scena io .1
5.1.4 Demons a ion S udy Simula ion Scena ios
The s udy se ed o alida e he unc ionali y o he de eloped solu ion, assessing he ole o hea
pumps and dis ic hea ing in local ene gy ma ke s, he impac o lexibili y asse s and o he wise
e alua ing he bene i s o sec o coupling and pee - o-pee ene gy ading o indi idual consume s
and p osume s o ganised in ene gy communi ies. Se en simula ion scena ios wi h di e en
con igu a ions o a digi al win o a local ene gy ma ke (an ene gy communi y) based on SONNE da a
ha e been de ined and p esen ed in he able below, including he implemen a ion o wo a i
models in scena io 7. To accu a ely assess he impac o hese hea gene a ion uni s in a ious
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 54
wea he condi ions, wo dis inc simula ions we e conduc ed o each o he de ined scena ios,
co esponding o summe and win e empe a u e condi ions, by selec ing he i s week o Augus
2023 and he i s week o No embe 2023 om he SONNE da ase , espec i ely. To conclude, a o al
o 18 di e en simula ions we e conduc ed o he SONNE s udy using he GSY Simula ion Tool.
The demons a ion s udy objec i es, simila o alida ion es ing simula ions, ha e been e alua ed
using he ollowing GSY Simula ion Tool key pe o mance indica o s [5], ocusing on economic and
en i onmen al c i e ia and indi ec ly also add essing he social c i e ia, as en isaged by he ou comes
o T1.4, desc ibed in he p ojec deli e able D4.1 HYPERGRYD Use Case de ini ion including
s akeholde s and Roles o DT PaaS [1]:
●Sel -consump ion a e
●Sel -su iciency a e
●The ene gy cos sa ings
●The ne ene gy aded.
Two speci ic expec ed esul s (ER) we e e alua ed in he demons a ion s udy, as en isaged by he EU
Ho izon 2020 HYPERGRYD p ojec [1], speci ically by he “D7.2 Final Inno a ion Repo and
Exploi able Resul s cha ac e iza ion.”
●ER1: In eg a ion o lexible hea ing sys ems in elec ical g id
●ER2: Dynamic p icing e ec on lexible asse s
A he same ime, he s udy also p o ided e idence o he ollowing expec ed esul s, since i
included a de eloped digi al win o he hea pump and he i ual hea pump model:
●ER9: G id Singula i y simula ion ool enhancemen
●ER10: So wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange.
Table 2. SONNE LEC simula ion scena ios and objec i es, GSY simula ion s udy o HYPERGRYD, 2023-2024
SONNE LEC Simula ion Scena ios
(Digi al Twin Con igu a ions o SONNE as Local
Ene gy Communi y)
SONNE Simula ion S udy Objec i es
Scena io . 1: Base case, no P2P ading
S a us quo, wi h all a ailable asse s and he
dis ic hea ing ne wo k connec ion con igu ed
and no pee - o-pee (P2P) elec ici y ading
To de ine base case scena io wi h he cu en
LEM asse and ma ke con igu a ion
Scena io . 2: Al e ed asse con igu a ion
(dis ic hea ing eplaced by hea pumps), no
P2P ading
All a ailable asse s con igu ed bu he dis ic
hea ing ne wo k connec ion is eplaced wi h
addi ional hea pumps; no P2P elec ici y
ading
To e alua e he bene i o hea pumps in a
legacy elec ici y ma ke by assessing he LEM
pe o mance and g id s abili y i dis ic hea ing
we e o be eplaced by hea pumps
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 55
Scena io . 3: Base case wi h ac i a ed P2P
ading
All a ailable asse s con igu ed o e lec he
base case bu wi h ac i a ed P2P elec ici y
ading based on a pay-as-bid ma ke clea ing
mechanism
To e alua e he impac o P2P ading on he
LEM wi hou changing he asse con igu a ion
Scena io .4 : P2P ading wi h hea pumps
eplacing dis ic hea ing
All a ailable asse s con igu ed bu he dis ic
hea ing ne wo k connec ion is eplaced wi h
addi ional hea pumps; P2P elec ici y ading
ac i a ed
To e alua e he impac o P2P ading on he
LEM wi h addi ional lexibili y p o ided by hea
pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing and o
addi ionally assess he ole o ba e ies in
enhancing he lexibili y.
Scena io . 5: Base case wi h ac i a ed P2P
ading and applied dynamic a i s
All a ailable asse s con igu ed o e lec he
base case bu wi h ac i a ed P2P elec ici y
ading and applied ime-o -use a i s
To e alua e he impac o P2P ading on he
LEM wi h op imised lexibili y managemen ia
dynamic a i s
Scena io . 6: Ac i a ed P2P ading wi h
applied dynamic a i s and hea pumps
eplacing dis ic hea ing
All a ailable asse s con igu ed bu he dis ic
hea ing ne wo k connec ion is eplaced wi h
addi ional hea pump and P2P ading is
ac i a ed wi h applied ime-o -use a i s
To e alua e he impac o P2P ading on he
LEM wi h addi ional lexibili y p o ided by hea
pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing and op imised
lexibili y managemen ia dynamic a i s
Scena io .7 : Ac i a ed P2P ading wi h an
op imised hea pump ading s a egy and hea
pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing
As in scena io .4 all a ailable asse s con igu ed
o e lec he base case bu he dis ic hea ing
ne wo k connec ion is eplaced wi h addi ional
hea pumps, wi h ac i a ed P2P elec ici y
ading; addi ionally, an op imised ading
algo i hm is implemen ed
To e alua e he impac o P2P ading on he
LEM wi h op imised ading s a egies o
lexible hea pump asse s
5.2 Demons a ion S udy Resul s P esen a ion and Analysis
5.2.1. Base case scena io (SONNE LEC .1)
In his base case scena io, he digi al win o he SONNE as a local ene gy communi y (SONNE LEC .1)
was con igu ed in he GSY Simula ion Tool [3] o e lec he cu en condi ions in e ms o a ailable
asse s (modelled based on p o ided his o ical and supplemen a y da a as desc ibed abo e) and
ma ke condi ions whe e he e is no pee - o-pee ene gy ading (communi y membe s a e only
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 56
sel -consuming and selling any su plus only o he g id, wi h he u ili y se ing as he only elec ici y
ex e nal supplie ).
To simula e Base Case scena io .1, he dis ic hea ing ne wo k connec ion is con igu ed in a way ha
e lec s he cu en p icing o he communi y. In his con igu a ion, he digi al win o he dis ic
hea ing supply o he measu ed hea demand is modelled as a "hea ma ke make ," ac ing as a
digi al ading agen wi h a speci ic ading s a egy [11] ep esen ing he dis ic hea ing p o ide . I s
ole is o sell hea ene gy exclusi ely o sa is y he hea demand o he espec i e communi y
membe . The selling p ice o his ma ke make is he dis ic hea ing p ice ha he hea consume
cu en ly pays, which is 12.24 eu o c s/kWh as no ed abo e. The hea demand digi al win, in u n, is
modelled as a load wi h a “consump ion p o ile” de ined by he measu ed hea demand in kWh.
Thus, he “hea ma ke make ” is u ilised solely o mee he hea demand o each communi y
membe and accoun o he associa ed hea ing expenses. The esul ing cos s o communi y
membe s a e hen added o hei inal ene gy bills.
5.2.1.1. Sel -Consump ion and Sel -Su iciency o SONNE LEC .1
The sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o he base case .1 o he i s week in Augus and
No embe 2023, espec i ely, a e shown in pe cen age e ms in Table 3 below. In Augus , each
building p ima ily sel -consumes. In Ho el Building 7, O ice Building 8 and Residen ial Building 3, he
sel -consump ion alues a e especially high, a 95.9%, 96.2% and 99.9% espec i ely, wi h almos all
o he ene gy gene a ed by he PV modules in hese buildings consumed o sa is y hei own demand.
Ho el Building 7 and Residen ial Building 8 also ha e ba e y s o ages o u he bols e hei
sel -consump ion. Simila beha iou is exhibi ed in he No embe esul s, whe e he espec i e
sel -consump ion alues o Ho el Building 7, O ice Building 8 and Residen ial Building 3 a e 85.5%,
100% and 99.7%, espec i ely. The di e ences in sel -consump ion alues a e a ibu ed o he
di e ence in elec ici y demand o each building du ing he imes o enewable ene gy p oduc ion.
These alues a e as expec ed conside ing ha o ices a e usually closed du ing he nigh , while he e
is highe e ening ac i i y in a ho el han in a esiden ial building. In compa ison o Augus , he
agg ega e communi y esul s o No embe exhibi signi ican ly lowe sel -su iciency (27.6% as
opposed o 43.6%, which 36.70% dec ease) bu highe sel -consump ion a es (47.3% as opposed o
36.1%, which is 31.02% inc ease). This is a consequence o he educ ion in he PV ene gy p oduc ion
du ing No embe due o lowe sola adia ion, combined wi h inc eased hea demand o he
buildings du ing he win e pe iod, compa ed o he i s week o Augus whe e hea demand was
minimal due o a ou able wea he condi ions.
Table 3. Sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .1 o 1-7 Augus and 1-7
No embe 2023, based on da a p o ided by SONNE
Building ID
Sel -
Su iciency
Augus (%)
Sel -
Su iciency
No embe
(%)
Sel -
Consump ion
Augus (%)
Sel -
Consump ion
No embe
(%)
Comme cial Building 1
(load + hea demand + sola non-me e ed
PV 5.4 kWp)
63.8
41
22.6
39.4
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 57
Comme cial Building 6
24.9
0
24.9
Ho el Building 7
108.9
5.3
103.5
O ice Building 8
214.7
0
214.7
Residen ial Building 1
60.9
0
60.9
Residen ial Building 2
75
5.4
69.7
Residen ial Building 3
17
0
17
Residen ial Building 4
155
28.4
126.6
Residen ial Building 5
5.1
0
5.1
SONNE LEC Agg ega e
1330.2
179.7
1150.5
5.2.2.3. Ene gy Impo and Expo o SONNE LEC .2
A g aph o he ene gy impo s and expo s in he SONNE LEC .2 scena io is shown in Figu es 30a and
30b below o he wo simula ed pe iods. A somewha lowe le el o expo ed ene gy is obse ed in
he summe pe iod compa ed o he base case .1 ( om 3508.1kWh o 3319.0 kWh, which
ep esen s a 5.4% dec ease), as well as a highe le el o impo ed ene gy ( om 2754.6 kWh o 3521.9
kWh, which ep esen s a 27.9% inc ease). In he win e pe iod when he sola adia ion is low he e
is a signi ican ly lowe le el o expo ed ene gy ( alues educed om 1146.2 kWh o 898.7 kWh,
which ep esen s a 21.6% dec ease), and a d ama ically highe le el o impo s o sa is y he
inc eased hea demand ( om 3202.8 kWh o 5216.6 kWh, which ep esen s a 62.9% inc ease).
Figu e 30a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion 2 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 64
Figu e 30b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .2 o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
5.2.3. Base case wi h ac i a ed P2P ading (SONNE LEC .3)
In he SONNE LEC .3 scena io, he cu en condi ions o SONNE a e e lec ed in e ms o a ailable
asse s (modelled based on p o ided his o ical da a and supplemen a y da a as desc ibed abo e) and
he cu en ma ke condi ions in e ms o u ili y and eed-in- a i a e, bu he ma ke mechanism is
al e ed o pay-as-bid pee - o-pee (P2P) ading, enabling LEM pa icipan s (communi y membe s) o
ade su plus (in his case PV-based) elec ici y gene a ion among each o he .
5.2.3.1. Sel -Consump ion and Sel -Su iciency o SONNE LEC .3
As shown in Table 7, wi h he in oduc ion o P2P ading, he communi y's sel -su iciency le els
inc eased om 43.6% o 97.6% o he simula ed week in Augus (+123.85%), and om 27.6% o
56.5% in No embe (+104.71%), compa ed o he base case scena io .1. Fu he mo e, he
sel -consump ion alues ose om 36.1% o 80.7% (+123.55%) and om 47.3% o 96.9% (+104.86%).
in Augus and No embe , espec i ely. Since P2P ading incen i izes local ading, each building in
he communi y sel -consumes and ei he sells su plus o buys he equi ed elec ici y wi hin he
communi y be o e in e ac ing wi h he ex e nal g id. Simila ly o scena io .1, when compa ing he
Augus and No embe esul s, we obse e highe sel -su iciency alues in Augus and lowe
sel -consump ion alues in No embe , which is a ibu ed o he inc eased ene gy demand du ing he
win e mon hs. I is wo h no ing ha he sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion le els o indi idual
buildings emained unchanged compa ed o .1, since he ene gy p oduc ion and demand o hese
buildings ha e emained cons an , and we did no change he ins alled pa ame e s o he sola panels
in buildings 8 and Residen ial Building 5 ha exclusi ely sell he gene a ed elec ici y o he ex e nal
g id.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 65
Table 7: Sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .3 o 1-7
Augus /No embe 2023
Building ID
Sel -
Su iciency
Augus (%)
Sel -
Su iciency
No embe (%)
Sel -
Consump ion
Augus (%)
Sel -
Consump ion
No embe (%)
Comme cial Building 1
63.8
41
22.6
39.4
Comme cial Building 2
0
0
0
0
Comme cial Building 3
31
9.1
85.3
98.1
Comme cial Building 4
71.4
43
3.9
6.5
Comme cial Building 5
58.6
26.1
11.59
42.6
Comme cial Building 6
0
0
0
0
Ho el Building 7
58
69.6
92.6
65.1
O ice Building 8
14.2
0.1
96.2
100
Residen ial Building 1
0
0
0
0
Residen ial Building 2
57.5
7.6
41.6
47.5
Residen ial Building 3
92.5
100
98.4
98.3
Residen ial Building 4
34.1
16.4
57.5
45.6
Residen ial Building 5
0
0
0
0
SONNE LEC Agg ega e
97.6
56.5
80.7
96.9
5.2.3.2. Ene gy Cos and Ne Ene gy T aded o SONNE LEC .3
Wi h he in oduc ion o P2P ading in he SONNE communi y, sa ings we e calcula ed o each
building and he communi y as a whole, bo h in absolu e and pe cen age alues compa ed o he
base case (see Tables 8a and 8b below o he wo simula ed pe iods). Fo he simula ed week in he
summe pe iod (1-7 Augus 2023), he communi y gene a ed a p o i o €45.1, in con as o he base
case scena io .1, whe e he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €100. This ep esen s a
145.1% inc ease in mone a y bene i s. This esul a i ms he ad an age o P2P ading, which enables
ene gy consuming and p oducing asse s in he communi y o access compe i i e p ices, leading o
impo an economic bene i s. No embe simula ion esul s did no exhibi such a d ama ic bene i ,
due o he lowe enewable ene gy p oduc ion o he communi y du ing ha ime pe iod and highe
demand, educing he scope o ading. Ne e heless, he e was s ill a 10.1% inc ease in he
mone a y bene i s o he communi y wi h ac i a ed P2P ading in his win e pe iod compa ed o
he base case scena io, since he communi y acc ued an agg ega e ne cos o €755.9, ins ead o
€840.5. Impo an ly, all communi y pa icipan s bene i ed, wi h hose wi h highe lexibili y acc uing
a la ge sha e o he bene i s, as shown in he las column o he wo ables.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 66
Table 8a: Elec ici y and hea ing cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .3 o
1-7 Augus 2023, wi h .1 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Elec ici y
Cos (€)
Hea ing Cos
(€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o Base Case
.1 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o Base Case
.1 (%)
Comme cial
Building 1
4.3
3.7
24.1
-16.1
2.4
17.4
Comme cial
Building 2
8.1
8.3
0
16.4
0.8
4.4
Comme cial
Building 3
76.3
8.4
5.4
79.3
6.9
8
Comme cial
Building 4
861.8
37.2
1306.2
-407.1
49.9
14
Comme cial
Building 5
254.3
-
479.7
-225.4
20.1
9.8
Comme cial
Building 6
21.7
-
0
21.7
2.1
8.7
Ho el Building 7
492
33.1
392.1
132.9
16.5
11
O ice Building 8
206.8
8.6
1.2
214.2
21.3
9
Residen ial
Building 1
48.6
-
0
48.6
4.5
8.5
Residen ial
Building 2
15.2
-
26.8
-11.6
3.5
43
Residen ial
Building 3
910.7
-
884.4
26.4
4.3
14.1
Residen ial
Building 4
111.5
-
39.3
72.2
12.5
14.7
Residen ial
Building 5
3.4
-
0
3.4
0.4
9.3
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
3014.8
99.2
3159.1
-45.1
145.1
145.1
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 67
Table 8b. Elec ici y and hea ing cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .3 o
1-7 No embe 2023, wi h .1 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Elec ici y
Cos (€)
Hea ing Cos
(€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o Base Case
.1 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o Base Case
.1 (%)
Comme cial
Building 1
7.9
22.4
7.6
22.7
1
4.3
Comme cial
Building 2
10.2
31.4
0
41.6
0.5
1.1
Comme cial
Building 3
141.3
41.9
0.2
183
5.9
3.1
Comme cial
Building 4
402.5
88.3
576.9
-86.1
40.1
87.4
Comme cial
Building 5
258
-
169
89
8.3
8.5
Comme cial
Building 6
23.8
-
0
23.8
1.1
4.6
Ho el Building 7
228.3
32.2
201.5
59
3.7
5.9
O ice Building 8
125.4
36.8
0
162.2
5.4
3.2
Residen ial
Building 1
58.2
-
0
58.2
2.6
4.3
Residen ial
Building 2
73.2
-
6
67.2
2.5
3.5
Residen ial
Building 3
419
-
407.5
11.5
5.5
32.3
Residen ial
Building 4
150.4
-
31.6
118.8
7.8
6.1
Residen ial
Building 5
4.9
-
0
4.9
0.2
4.2
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
1903.2
253
1400.4
755.9
84.6
10.1
5.2.3.3. Ene gy Impo and Expo o SONNE LEC .3
A g aph o he ene gy impo s and expo s in scena io .3 is shown in Figu es 31a and 31b below o
he wo simula ed pe iods. The ene gy impo s and expo s a e ollowing he same end as he
measu ed sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion alues ha we e epo ed abo e. In compa ison o
scena io 1, we can see a signi ican dec ease in he ene gy impo s ( om 2754.6 kWh o 211.4
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 68
kWh), amoun ing o 92.32% o Augus and 36.60% o No embe esul s ( om 3202.8 kWh o
2030.5 kWh). We also obse e an impo an dec ease in expo s om he communi y o he g id,
amoun ing o 71.75% o Augus ( om 3508.1 kWh o 991.1) and 93.50% o No embe esul s ( om
1146.2 kWh o 74.56 kWh), and con e sely a signi ican inc ease in he ene gy impo s and expo s
be ween communi y buildings.
Figu e 31a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al
axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
Figu e 31b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
5.2.4. Ac i a ed P2P ading, wi h hea pumps eplacing dis ic hea ing
(SONNE LEC .4)
In SONNE LEC .4 scena io, he cu en condi ions o SONNE a e e lec ed in e ms o a ailable asse s
(modelled based on p o ided his o ical da a and supplemen a y da a as desc ibed abo e), wi h one
modi ica ion: “ i ual hea pumps” wi h s o age a e in oduced o all buildings in he communi y ha
had a dis ic hea ing connec ion, simula ing hei eplacemen wi h hea pumps o sa is y he hea
demand (hence he scena io assumes no dis ic hea ing connec ion). The cu en ma ke condi ions
in e ms o u ili y and eed-in- a i a e apply, bu he ma ke mechanism is al e ed o pay-as-bid
pee - o-pee (P2P) ading, enabling local ene gy ma ke (LEM) pa icipan s (communi y membe s) o
ade su plus (in his case PV-based) elec ici y gene a ion among each o he .
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 69
5.2.4.1. Sel -Consump ion and Sel -Su iciency o SONNE LEC .4
Wi h hea pumps sa is ying he hea demand ins ead o he dis ic hea ing ne wo k and ac i a ed
P2P ading, he sel -su iciency le els o he communi y inc eased om 39.6% o 87.8% in Augus ,
and om 21.7% o 37.5% in No embe , as compa ed o he scena io .2 whe e VHPs eplaced dis ic
hea ing bu he e was no P2P ading. Addi ionally he sel -consump ion alues inc eased om 42.1%
o 87.5% in Augus , and om 58.0% o 100% in No embe . These esul s u he con i m he
mul iplica ion o enewable and especially lexibili y asse bene i s by enabling P2P ading. The hea
pump lexibili y is esponsible o 100% sel -consump ion achie ed in he win e pe iod. The
sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o he SONNE LEC .4 scena io o he i s week in Augus
and No embe 2023, espec i ely, a e shown in pe cen age e ms in Table 9 below.
The sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion le els o mos o he indi idual buildings emained as in
scena io .2 since he ene gy p oduc ion and ene gy demand o hese buildings was cons an .
Howe e in comme cial buildings 4 and 5, he sel -su iciency a e exhibi ed a s a k dec ease in he
Augus esul s, om 62.5% o 52.1% (16.6% dec ease) and 84.5% o 58.4% (30.9% dec ease),
espec i ely. This is due o he ac ha he elec ici y p ices in he communi y a e highe ,
incen i ising buildings 4 and 5 o sell hei own PV p oduc ion o a p o i a he han use i o
sel -consump ion. Fo ins ance, building 4 has an expo o PV ene gy o 5459.2 kWh o o he
buildings o his pe iod, which app oxima ely educes i s sel su iciency by 10.4%.
Table 9. Sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .4 o 1-7
Augus /No embe 2023
Building ID
Sel -Su iciency
Augus (%)
Sel -Su iciency
No embe (%)
Sel -Consump i
on Augus (%)
Sel -Consump i
on No embe
(%)
Comme cial Building 1
32.6
8.9
23.7
40.5
Comme cial Building 2
0
0
0
0
Comme cial Building 3
26
5.7
85.3
88.9
Comme cial Building 4
52.1
20.1
10.8
22.5
Comme cial Building 5
58.4
25.8
11.4
38.3
Comme cial Building 6
0
0
0
0
Ho el Building 7
46.4
37.1
93.1
60.7
O ice Building 8
13
0.1
96.5
81.5
Residen ial Building 1
0
0
0
0
Residen ial Building 2
57.5
7.6
41.6
38.5
Residen ial Building 3
92.5
100
98.4
84.8
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 70
Residen ial Building 4
34.1
16.4
57.5
39.9
Residen ial Building 5
0
0
0
0
SONNE LEC Agg ega e
87.8
37.5
87.5
100
I we compa e his scena io o scena io .3 when P2P was also ac i a ed, we can deduce ha
eplacing dis ic hea ing by hea pumps in an ac i ely ading ene gy communi y would inc ease he
sel -su iciency le el o he communi y sligh ly - om 83.1% o 87.8% in Augus , and om 56.5% o
37.5% in No embe . The eason o such a small di e ence lies in insu icien local elec ici y
gene a ion o co e he addi ional consump ion equi ed o hea pump ope a ion. This also explains
he ise in he sel -consump ion a e, om 80.7% o 87.5% in Augus , and om 96.9% o 100% in
No embe .
The beha iou o he ba e y is al e ed in scena io .4 when compa ed o scena io .3 as a
consequence o he hea pump buying s a egy, p io i ising own consump ion. Fo ins ance, in
scena io .4, he e is inc eased ene gy demand in he Comme cial Building 4 due o he in oduc ion
o i ual hea pumps. On he i s day o he simula ion, hese i ual hea pumps d aw ene gy om
he ba e y o Comme cial Building 4, as indica ed by he s a e o cha ge (SOC) o he ba e y on he
i s day o Augus in Fig. 32 below. We obse e ha he peak SOC is less han 100%, in con as o
o he days o ha week ha peak a 100%. The hea pumps sel -consume om he ba e y o educe
eliance o ope a ion bo h om he es o he communi y and he ex e nal g id. A he same ime,
he PV o Comme cial Building 4 expo s i s p oduc ion o he communi y maximising he mone a y
bene i o he building.
Figu e 32. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in Eu o/kWh (blue),
Comme cial Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .4 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he
selec ed week and he e ical axis showing he a o emen ioned a iables
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 71
On he o he hand, he SOC o he ba e y in he Comme cial Building 4 in scena io .3, has a peak o
100% each day o he week indica ing ha he ba e y sells i s ene gy du ing imes o no PV
p oduc ion a nigh and ully cha ges du ing he day when PV p oduc ion is high. Mo eo e , in
compa ison o scena io .3, we obse e ha on a e age he SoC o he ba e y is highe compa ed o
scena io .4 due o he sho e ime ame ha he s o age is emp y, which indica es ha he ba e y
ge s deple ed slowe due o he dec eased elec ici y demand. This beha iou is as expec ed as he
building has a high PV p oduc ion and does no ha e i ual hea pumps.
Figu e 33. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in Eu o/kWh (blue), Comme cial
Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .3 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed
week and he e ical axis showing he a o emen ioned a iables
5.2.4.2. Ene gy Cos and Ne Ene gy T aded o SONNE LEC .4
Wi h he in oduc ion o bo h P2P ading dis ic and hea ing eplacemen by hea pumps in he
SONNE communi y, he communi y in agg ega e and all buildings in he communi y indi idually
achie e sa ings in he simula ed week in Augus (see Table 10a), wi h he Comme cial Building 4
enjoying he la ges bene i o abou €375.1, which ep esen s a 17.8% imp o emen compa ed o
scena io .2. The communi y as a whole has an agg ega e ne cos o €72.8 compa ed o he base
case scena io .2., whe e ha cos is €234.3, which ep esen s 68.9% imp o emen . I we compa e
he esul s o he base case scena io hen he absolu e bene i is €31,1, and he pe cen age bene i is
31.1%.
We obse e simila ou comes o he No embe esul s (see Table 10b), albei less p onounced due o
he dec eased enewable ene gy p oduc ion o he communi y in compa ison o Augus (6.5%
imp o emen , wi h ne cos educed om €1150.5 o €1075.4) when compa ing scena ios .4 and
.2. Howe e , when we compa e .4 wi h he base case scena io .1, we see ha he ne cos is s ill
highe in win e mon hs i hea pumps eplace dis ic hea ing, e en when P2P is in oduced (€1075.4
s. €840.5). These esul s indica e ha i is di icul o o e come he low cos o dis ic hea ing, and
ha hea pumps could po en ially op imally eplace dis ic hea ing i pee - o-pee ading is enabled
a a la ge scale and i he communi y in es ed in al e na i e esou ces o PV, including s o age o
ensu e highe enewable capaci y in he win e pe iod.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 72
Table 10a. Elec ici y cos , e enue, balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .4 o 1-7 Augus 2023, wi h .2
bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy Cos (€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
.2 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
.2 (%)
Comme cial
Building 1
17
24.1
-7
2.4
52.7
Comme cial
Building 2
30.6
0
30.6
1.7
5.2
Comme cial
Building 3
99.3
5.5
93.8
7.3
7.3
Comme cial
Building 4
857.6
1232.7
-375.1
56.7
17.8
Comme cial
Building 5
243.9
472.3
-228.4
23.2
11.3
Comme cial
Building 6
21.9
0
21.9
1.9
7.9
Ho el Building 7
540.6
370.2
170.3
20
10.5
O ice Building 8
230.7
1.2
229.5
21.1
8.4
Residen ial
Building 1
48.9
0
48.9
4.3
8
Residen ial
Building 2
15.3
27.3
-12
3.9
48
Residen ial
Building 3
847.1
822.8
24.3
6.4
20.8
Residen ial
Building 4
112.6
40.1
72.5
12.2
14.4
Residen ial
Building 5
3.5
0
3.5
0.3
8.9
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
3069.1
2996.2
72.8
161.4
68.9
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 73
Comme cial
Building 5
52.7
55.7
-3
100.2
103.1
Comme cial
Building 6
10.3
0
10.3
14.6
58.5
Ho el Building
7
24.6
22.3
34.5
28.2
45
O ice Building
8
55.3
0
92.1
75.6
45.1
Residen ial
Building 1
23.5
0
23.5
37.3
61.3
Residen ial
Building 2
32.2
5.4
26.8
42.8
61.5
Residen ial
Building 3
25.1
0.9
24.2
-7.3
-43
Residen ial
Building 4
48.7
28.6
20
106.6
84.2
Residen ial
Building 5
1
0
1
4.2
81.2
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
361.3
291.4
322.9
517.6
61.6
5.2.5.2.2 Day ToU Resul s o SONNE LEC .5
Wi h he in oduc ion o day ToU a i s in he SONNE communi y, sa ings we e calcula ed o each
building and he communi y as a whole, bo h in absolu e and pe cen age alues compa ed o he
base case. In he Augus esul s (see Table 13a), he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos €8.4,
in con as o he base case scena io .1, whe e he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o
€100 and o scena io .3, whe e he communi y gene a ed a p o i o €45.1. P opo ionally, his
ep esen s a 91.6% inc ease in mone a y bene i s in compa ison o scena io .1 and a 81.4% dec ease
in mone a y bene i s in compa ison o scena io .3, which s ands in s a k con as o Nigh ToU esul s
p esen ed abo e. The ou come is a ibu ed o he dec eased u ili y elec ici y a es du ing he day,
which coincides wi h he PV p oduc ion in he communi y. The dec eased u ili y a es incen i ise
communi y consume s o buy ene gy om he u ili y and no sel -consume, hus sel -consuming less
o e all. The e enue gene a ed om he PVs is signi ican ly highe compa ed o he nigh ToU a i
(€2314.6 con a y o €759.6), bu he inc ease is insu icien o o se he highe p ices ha he
communi y consume s would be obliged o pay o e all. The conclusion om his scena io simula ion
is ha he ToU a i s a e economically bene icial o he consume s only when hey do no coincide
wi h he imes o high sel -consump ion.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 80
Table 13a. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .5 wi h day ToU a i o 1-7
Augus 2023, wi h .1 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy Cos (€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
Base Case .1
(€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
Base Case .1
(%)
Comme cial
Building 1
7.7
25.7
-14.3
0.6
4.2
Comme cial
Building 2
7.9
0
16.1
1
5.8
Comme cial
Building 3
93
23.1
78.3
7.9
9.2
Comme cial
Building 4
518.4
926.5
-371
13.7
3.8
Comme cial
Building 5
161.8
372.1
-210.3
5.1
2.5
Comme cial
Building 6
21
0
21
2.7
11.5
Ho el Building 7
411.7
307.9
136.9
12.6
8.4
O ice Building 8
217.4
20.4
205.6
29.8
12.7
Residen ial
Building 1
46.9
0
46.9
6.3
11.8
Residen ial
Building 2
24.6
34.6
-10
1.9
22.8
Residen ial
Building 3
571.2
538.8
32.4
-1.7
-5.7
Residen ial
Building 4
138.9
65.6
73.3
11.4
13.5
Residen ial
Building 5
3.3
0
3.3
0.5
13
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
2223.8
2314.6
8.4
91.6
91.6
The inc ease o he mone a y bene i s in compa ison o scena io .1 is also e iden in he No embe
esul s (see Table 13b), only less p onounced due o he lowe enewable p oduc ion in he win e
pe iod. The communi y acc ued an agg ega e ne cos o €755.6, in con as o he base case scena io
.1, whe e he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €840.5, ep esen ing a 10.1% inc ease in
mone a y bene i s. Con a y o ha , he mone a y bene i s we e only ma ginally inc eased compa ed
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 81
o scena io .3, when his alue was €755.9. The ou come o he analysis is ha applying Day ToU
a i s does no p o ide a inancial o an en i onmen al incen i e o he communi y membe s, since
hei o al cos is simila o he P2P ene gy ading scena io .3.
Table 13b. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan . simula ion .5 wi h day ToU a i o 1-7
No embe 2023, wi h .1 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy Cos (€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
Base Case .1
(€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
Base Case .1
(%)
Comme cial
Building 1
11.2
10.5
23.2
0.6
2.5
Comme cial
Building 2
9.6
0
41
1.1
2.7
Comme cial
Building 3
140.1
10
172.1
16.8
8.9
Comme cial
Building 4
572.3
714.9
-54.4
8.5
18.5
Comme cial
Building 5
304.9
218.1
86.8
10.4
10.7
Comme cial
Building 6
22.2
0
22.2
2.8
11.1
Ho el Building 7
297.4
268.4
61.1
1.5
2.5
O ice Building 8
116.8
0.1
153.5
14.1
8.4
Residen ial
Building 1
54.4
0
54.4
6.5
10.7
Residen ial
Building 2
72.4
9.4
63
6.7
9.6
Residen ial
Building 3
564.7
549
15.7
1.3
7.5
Residen ial
Building 4
159.4
47
112.5
14.1
11.1
Residen ial
Building 5
4.6
0
4.6
0.5
9.8
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
2330
1827.4
755.6
84.9
10.1
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 82
The Day ToU has a low ma ke make a e (ex e nal u ili y a e) du ing he day when he PV
p oduc ion is high, which incen i es he ba e ies o buy bo h cheape PV and ma ke make (u ili y
g id) elec ici y du ing he day and sell excess in he e ening a a highe a e making a p o i . Fig. 35
below illus a es how he ba e y cha ges quickly wi h he eadily a ailable, low p iced elec ici y
du ing he day, and hen slowly discha ges in he e ening and nigh - ime as i is selling elec ici y a a
highe a e.
Figu e 35. Ba e y s a e-o -cha ge (g een), aded ene gy in kWh (pu ple) and ene gy a e in Eu o/kWh (blue), Comme cial
Building 4 in SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing imes amps o he selec ed
week and he e ical axis showing he a o emen ioned a iables
5.2.5.3. Ene gy Impo and Expo o SONNE LEC .5
A g aph o he ene gy impo s and expo s in he SONNE scena io .5 is shown in Figu es 36 a-d below
o he wo simula ed pe iods and wo applied a i models. As in e ed om he sel -su iciency and
sel -consump ion analysis, In Augus , he ene gy expo ed wi h Day ToU a i s inc eased by 80.85%
compa ed o he Nigh ToU scena io ( om 2330.4 kWh o 4214.5 kWh), and he ene gy impo ed
inc eased by 284.72% ( om 913.10 kWh o 3512.84 kWh). In No embe , he ene gy expo ed wi h
Day ToU a i s inc eased by 150.79% compa ed o he Nigh ToU scena io ( om 820.1kWh o
2056.8kWh), and he ene gy impo ed inc eased by 268.15% ( om 1133.3 kWh o 4172.2 kWh). Wi h
he u ili y o e ing mo e a o dable ene gy p ices du ing he day, when he enewable p oduc ion
om he PVs is high, he communi y is incen i ized o impo ene gy om he g id, and no
sel -consume bu sell he ene gy gene a ed by i s PVs o he g id o ob ain a be e e enue. When
he Nigh ToU a i s a e implemen ed we obse e a signi ican dec ease in he ene gy expo s and
impo s compa ed o he scena io wi h Day ToU a i s. The eason o his is ha now he u ili y
o e s mo e a o dable ene gy a es du ing he nigh , when he e is no enewable p oduc ion om
he PVs in he communi y. The e o e, he ene gy p oduced by he PVs is maximally sel -consumed,
including o cha ge he ba e ies, hence dec easing he amoun o ene gy aded wi h he g id.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 83
We obse e e y simila esul s in he impo ed and expo ed ene gy le els when compa ing scena io
.3 wi h he Nigh ToU a i applica ion in scena io .5, since his a i scheme is close o he p icing
pa e n o scena io .3. The impo ed ene gy is 331.77% highe in he Augus pe iod ( om 211.44
kWh o 913.10 kWh) and 44.19% lowe in he No embe pe iod wi h Nigh ToU a i s due o he
u ili y a e dec easing a e 14h, which incen i ises a highe acquisi ion o elec ici y om he u ili y.
When compa ing scena io .3 wi h he Day ToU a i applica ion in scena io .5, we obse e a
1561.39% inc ease in he impo ed ene gy ( om 211.44 kWh o 3512.84 kWh) and 325.23% inc ease
in ene gy expo s ( om 991.11 kWh o 4214.5 kWh). No embe esul s ollow a simila end, wi h a
105.48% inc ease in ene gy impo s ( om 2030.47 kWh o 4172.2 kWh) and 2658.62% inc ease in
ene gy expo s (74.56 kWh o 2056.8 kWh). This is a ibu ed o he inexpensi e u ili y a es du ing
he ime ha PVs a e ope a ing in he Day ToU a i model (simila o he compa ison wi h he nigh
ToU scena io).
Figu e 36a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Day ToU a i s, o 1-7 Augus 2023
wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing he expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
Figu e 36b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Day ToU a i s o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 84
Figu e 36c. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Nigh ToU a i s o 1-7 Augus 2023
wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
Figu e 36d. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .5 wi h Nigh ToU a i s, o 1-7 No embe
2023 wi h he ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
5.2.6. Ac i a ed P2P ading wi h applied dynamic a i s and hea pumps
eplacing dis ic hea ing (SONNE LEC .6)
In SONNE LEC .6 scena io, he cu en condi ions o SONNE a e e lec ed in e ms o a ailable asse s
(modelled based on p o ided his o ical da a and supplemen a y da a as desc ibed abo e), wi h one
modi ica ion: “ i ual hea pumps” wi h s o age a e in oduced o all buildings in he communi y ha
had a dis ic hea ing connec ion, e ec i ely eplacing dis ic hea ing by hea pumps o sa is y he
hea demand (hence he scena io assumes no dis ic hea ing connec ion). The cu en ma ke
condi ions apply in e ms o u ili y and eed-in- a i a es, bu he ma ke mechanism is al e ed o
pay-as-bid pee - o-pee (P2P) ading, enabling LEM pa icipan s (communi y membe s) o ade
su plus (in his case PV-based) elec ici y gene a ion among each o he . In addi ion, wo ime-o -use
(ToU) a i s a e in oduced.
5.2.6.1. Sel -Consump ion and Sel -Su iciency o SONNE LEC .6
The sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o he SONNE LEC .6 scena io o he i s week in
Augus and No embe 2023, espec i ely, a e shown in pe cen age e ms in Table 14 below and
analysed in compa ison o scena io .2 which also had i ual hea pumps modelled o simula e
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 85
eplacemen o dis ic hea ing bu no P2P ading o dynamic a i s. As in he p e ious, .5 scena io,
esul s di e subs an ially depending on he deployed a i scheme. Wi h he Day ToU a i model
(u ili y a es educed du ing day- ime when PV gene a ion is peaking, disincen i izing
sel -consump ion), he sel -su iciency o he communi y signi ican ly dec eased compa ed o
scena io .2 in he summe pe iod ( om 39.6% o 28.7%), and e en u he in he win e pe iod ( om
21.7% o 5.3%). The same obse a ion applies o he sel -consump ion a es, which dec eased om
42.1% o 28.5% in Augus , and om 58% o 14.2% in No embe , compa ed o scena io .2. In
con as , when Nigh ToU a i s we e deployed in he communi y (u ili y a es mo e a o dable du ing
nigh - ime, incen i ising sel -consump ion du ing he day when PV gene a ion is high), he
sel -su iciency o he communi y signi ican ly inc eased compa ed o scena io .2, om 39.6% o
65.2% in Augus , and om 21.7% o 33.4% in No embe . Simila ly, he sel -consump ion inc eased
om 42.1% o 64.9% in Augus , and om 58% o 89.4% in No embe . The lexibili y p o ided by he
s o age and he ( i ual) hea pumps plays a signi ican ole in he sel -su iciency and
sel -consump ion inc ease, since he PV p oduc ion is s o ed o be used la e , u he dec easing he
need o consuming ene gy om he g id.
Table 14. Sel -su iciency and sel -consump ion a es o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan o day and nigh
ime-o -use a i s in simula ion .6 o 1-7 Augus 2023
Building ID
Day ToU
Nigh ToU
Sel -
Su iciency
Augus (%)
Sel -
Su iciency
No embe
(%)
Sel -
Consump ion
Augus (%)
Sel -
Consump ion
No embe
(%)
Sel -
Su iciency
Augus (%)
Sel -
Su iciency
No embe
(%)
Sel -
Consump ion
Augus (%)
Sel -
Consump ion
No embe
(%)
Comme cial
Building 1
15.8
1.4
10.4
6.2
26.7
4.2
18.5
18.5
Comme cial
Building 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Comme cial
Building 3
10
0.9
29.5
13.6
21.7
2.9
68.7
55
Comme cial
Building 4
25.1
3.7
5.1
4.1
26.2
15.3
5.8
14.7
Comme cial
Building 5
32.2
6.8
5.8
9.7
52.6
18.1
10.3
31
Comme cial
Building 6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ho el Building 7
15.5
9.3
30.5
15.1
43.7
24.2
88.8
46.6
O ice Building 8
4.6
0
32.4
28.1
10.8
0
78.3
16.2
Residen ial
Building 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Residen ial
26.8
1.2
17.5
5.3
47
3.4
34.1
19.2
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 86
Building 2
Residen ial
Building 3
31.2
15.9
30.5
7.4
83.2
96.7
87.8
66.2
Residen ial
Building 4
14.3
3.7
22.6
8.1
30.1
10.4
51.1
29.1
Residen ial
Building 5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
28.7
5.3
28.5
14.2
65.2
33.4
64.9
89.4
5.2.6.2. Ene gy Cos and Ne Ene gy T aded o SONNE LEC .6
Wi h he in oduc ion o dynamic a i s (ToU) and P2P ading in he SONNE communi y, he
communi y in o al and all buildings in he communi y de i e absolu e mone a y sa ings. Simila ly o
scena io .5, di e en ou comes a e obse ed depending on he implemen ed ToU a i model.
5.2.6.2.1 Nigh ToU Resul s o SONNE LEC .6
Wi h he in oduc ion o Nigh ToU a i s in he SONNE communi y, sa ings we e calcula ed o each
building and he communi y as a whole, and hen compa ed o scena ios .2 and .4 bo h in absolu e
and pe cen age e ms, as p esen ed in Table 15a below o he simula ed week in Augus and Table
15b o he simula ed week in No embe . In he summe pe iod, he communi y gene a ed a p o i o
€97.8, in con as o scena io .2, whe e he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €234.3 and
o scena io .4, whe e he communi y gene a ed a p o i o €72.8. This ep esen s a 141.7% inc ease
in mone a y bene i s in compa ison o scena io .2.
Table 15a. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .6 wi h Nigh ToU a i o
1-7 Augus 2023, wi h .2 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy
Cos (€)
Re enue
(€)
Balance
(€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o
scena io
.2 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o
scena io
.2 (%)
Bene i s
compa ed
o
scena io
.4 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o
scena io
.4 (%)
Comme cial
Building 1
14.9
23.8
-8.9
4.3
92.6
1.9
27.1
Comme cial
Building 2
26.6
0
26.6
5.7
17.8
4.0
13.1
Comme cial
Building 3
70.8
10.7
60.1
41
40.5
33.7
35.9
Comme cial
Building 4
184.8
512
-327.2
8.8
2.8
-47.9
-12.8
Comme cial
56
275.8
-219.8
14.6
7.1
-8.6
-3.8
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 87
Building 5
Comme cial
Building 6
14.2
0
14.2
9.5
40
7.7
35.2
Ho el Building
7
198.7
77.2
121.6
68.8
36.2
48.7
28.6
O ice Building
8
175.5
6.8
168.7
81.9
32.7
60.8
26.5
Residen ial
Building 1
31.4
0
31.4
21.7
40.9
17.5
35.8
Residen ial
Building 2
9.3
29.1
-19.8
11.7
143.5
7.8
65.0
Residen ial
Building 3
155.4
123.6
31.9
-1.2
-3.8
-7.6
-31.3
Residen ial
Building 4
64.5
43.5
21
63.8
75.3
51.5
71.0
Residen ial
Building 5
2.3
0
2.3
1.5
39.4
1.2
34.3
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
1004.6
1102.4
-97.8
332.1
141.8
170.6
234.3
Simila ou comes a e obse ed o he win e pe iod, only less p onounced again due o he lowe
enewable ene gy p oduc ion. The communi y acc ued an agg ega e ne cos o €487.9, in con as o
scena io .2, whe e he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €1150.5, and o scena io .4
(€1075.4). This ep esen s a 57.6% inc ease in mone a y bene i s o he communi y in compa ison o
scena io .2.
Table 15b. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .6 o 1-7 No embe 2023
wi h Nigh ToU a i , wi h .2 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy Cos
(€)
Re enue
(€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.2 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.2 (%)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.4 (%)
Comme cial Building 1
53.6
9.9
43.7
10.5
19.4
17.9
Comme cial Building 2
71.9
0
71.9
12.1
14.4
12.2
Comme cial Building 3
140.5
6.6
133.9
110.2
45.1
43.6
Comme cial Building 4
615.7
598.2
17.5
31
63.9
-29.6
Comme cial Building 5
181.2
202.3
-21.1
118.4
121.7
123.3
Comme cial Building 6
9
0
9
15.9
63.8
62.7
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 88
Ho el Building 7
293.4
242.1
51.2
52.3
50.5
48.9
O ice Building 8
128.1
0.1
128
86.7
40.4
38.6
Residen ial Building 1
20
0
20
40.8
67.1
66.2
Residen ial Building 2
30.6
8.6
22
47.7
68.4
67.6
Residen ial Building 3
478.9
476
2.9
14
82.8
78.7
Residen ial Building 4
46.5
38.6
7.9
118.7
93.8
93.4
Residen ial Building 5
0.9
0
0.9
4.3
83.4
82.0
SONNE LEC Agg ega e
2070.3
1582.5
487.9
662.6
57.6
54.6
5.2.6.2.2 Day ToU Resul s o SONNE LEC .6
Wi h he in oduc ion o Day ToU a i s in he SONNE communi y, , sa ings we e calcula ed o each
building and he communi y as a whole, and hen compa ed o scena ios .2 and .4. In he summe
pe iod (see Table 16a), he communi y incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €119.1, in con as o
scena io .2, whe e i incu ed an agg ega e ne cos o €234.3 and o scena io .4, whe e he
communi y gene a ed a p o i o €72.8. This ep esen s a 49.2% inc ease in mone a y bene i s in
compa ison o scena io .2. Fo he same easons as in scena io .5, he economic esul s o he
communi y we e much wo se han wi h he Nigh ToU a i model implemen a ion. This u he
con ibu es o he conclusion ha ToU a i s ha e o be ca e ully cu a ed in o de o engage
p osume s and lexible consume s o suppo g id esilience.
Table 16a. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .6 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h
Day ToU a i , wi h .2 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy Cos
(€)
Re enue (€)
Balance (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.2 (€)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.2 (%)
Bene i s
compa ed
o scena io
.4 (%)
Comme cial
Building 1
20.6
25.6
-5
0.4
8.6
-28.6
Comme cial
Building 2
30.4
0
30.4
2
6.1
0.7
Comme cial
Building 3
115.1
23.1
92
9.1
9
1.9
Comme cial
Building 4
786.6
1126.9
-340.3
21.9
6.9
-9.3
Comme cial
Building 5
220.8
433.9
-213.1
7.9
3.8
-6.7
Comme cial
21
0
21
2.7
11.4
4.1
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 89
Residen ial Building 2
15.3
27.5
-12.2
4.1
50.1
1.7
Residen ial Building 3
898.3
873.7
24.6
6.1
20
-1.2
Residen ial Building 4
113.2
40.4
72.8
11.9
14.1
-0.4
Residen ial Building 5
3.5
0
3.5
0.3
8.5
0.0
SONNE LEC
Agg ega e
3109.7
3050.7
59
175.3
74.8
19.0
Table 18b. Elec ici y cos , e enue and balance o SONNE LEC and pe pa icipan , simula ion .7 o 1-7
No embe 2023, wi h .2 bene i s compa ison
Building ID
Ene gy
Cos (€)
Re enue
(€)
Balance
(€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
scena io .2
(€)
Bene i s
compa ed o
scena io .2
(%)
Bene i s
compa ed o
scena io .4
(%)
Comme cial Building 1
54.7
5.9
48.8
5.4
9.9
8.3
Comme cial Building 2
74.4
0
74.4
9.6
11.5
9.2
Comme cial Building 3
228.8
0.2
228.6
15.4
6.3
3.7
Comme cial Building 4
187.9
202.2
-14.3
62.9
129.5
205.9
Comme cial Building 5
168.7
76.4
92.3
4.9
5
-2.0
Comme cial Building 6
24.6
0
24.6
0.3
1.3
-2.1
Ho el Building 7
125.9
32
93.9
9.6
9.3
6.3
O ice Building 8
199.2
0
199.2
15.5
7.2
4.5
Residen ial Building 1
60.1
0
60.1
0.7
1.2
-1.7
Residen ial Building 2
74.8
6.1
68.8
0.9
1.3
-1.5
Residen ial Building 3
53.3
37.9
15.4
1.6
9.4
-13.2
Residen ial Building 4
154.1
32.2
121.9
4.7
3.7
-1.2
Residen ial Building 5
5.1
0
5.1
0
0.5
-2.0
SONNE LEC Agg ega e
1411.6
392.8
1018.8
131.7
11.4
5.3
5.2.7.3. Ene gy Impo and Expo o SONNE LEC .7
A g aph o he ene gy impo s and expo s in he SONNE scena io .7 is shown in Figu es 39a and 39b
below o he wo simula ed pe iods. In compa ison o scena io .4, he No embe esul s a e almos
iden ical, which is a ibu ed o he ac ha he e is no excess enewable ene gy om he PVs ha
could be used o lexibili y. The hea and elec ici y demand du ing win e pe iods a e signi ican ly
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 96
highe han he enewable PV p oduc ion in he communi y, which has diminishing e u ns on he
added lexibili y based on sma ading. Con a y o he No embe esul s, in he Augus esul s we
see a conside able dec ease in he impo s and expo s om he g id in compa ison o scena io .4.
This indica es ha he ex a lexibili y ha nessed by he sma ading algo i hm was e y bene icial
o he communi y, wi h he i ual hea pumps a oiding o buy ene gy om he u ili y when he
p ices we e no a o dable. The e o e, we deduce ha he sma ading algo i hm has bo h
economic and en i onmen al bene i s, incen i ising local consump ion o local gene a ion and
maximising lexibili y p o ided by hea pump s o ages by ollowing p ice signals.
Figu e 39a. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .7 o 1-7 Augus 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
Figu e 39b. Ne ene gy impo and expo g aph o he SONNE LEC, simula ion .7 o 1-7 No embe 2023 wi h he
ho izon al axis showing he building IDs and he e ical axis showing expo ed and impo ed ene gy in kWh
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 97
6 Conclusions
The ac i i ies ou lined in his epo , p incipally based on he HYPERGRYD p ojec WP3 - ICT Modules
and Simula ion Tools T3.4: Ene gy exchange and sma ading ool o LEC wi h coupled ne wo ks [1],
ul il his ask’s p ima y objec i es:
●P o ide decision suppo and ading simula ion (digi al wins) o he g id ope a o s and end
use s o dis ibu ed ene gy exchange in LEC wi h coupled DHC and elec ic g id (such as
pee - o-pee , expo ing o he g id, e c.)
●De elop GSY open-sou ce ene gy exchange engine o c ea e ea u es o digi ally ep esen
dis ibu ed hea pumps and dis ic hea ing and in eg a e hese ea u es o simula e a local
g id-awa e ene gy ma ke place, whe e pee - o-pee ansac ions a e enabled among
dis ibu ed ene gy asse s based on a hie a chical ma ke opog aphy
●De elop P oo -o -Concep LEC simula ions in a egula o y sandbox en i onmen (pa icipa ing
li ing labs), in eg a ing enhanced g id managemen (imp o ed a i design) and ene gy asse
agg ega o s (imp o ed, sma ading algo i hms) and engaging ele an egula o s o
conside wide implemen a ion.
As elabo a ed in he In e im P ojec Repo [1], dynamic model a i es ing in collabo a ion wi h g id
ope a o s was no possible because he local g id ope a o s we e no in e es ed in ac i e p ojec
pa icipa ion. None heless, he demons a ion s udy included wo di e en dynamic a i models
ha could se e o imp o e he local g id ope a o s and he egula o s abou he po en ial o hese
egula ion ools in lexibili y and conges ion managemen .
Task 3.4, as en isaged, ed on KPIs and egula o y and ma ke aspec s de ined in T1.4 and used he
SONNE da a. KTH suppo ed ma hema ical model de elopmen and selec ed algo i hm embedding
( om Task 3.2) o i ual hea pump modelling. Finally GSY p oposed and es ed a new ading
algo i hm o imp o e ene gy asse (hea pump) ading s a egies in LEC. This wo k has also elied on
he ICT a chi ec u e and use case esea ch and de elopmen asks in WP4 - HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin
Pla o m as a se ice, and asks pe o med in WP5 -TRL5 demons a ion in li ing labs and i ual labs
in LEC, especially Task 5.5 Model demons a ion and alida ion o he HYPERGRYD ICT se ices a
SONNE. No ably, his epo con ibu es o he ollowing WP5 objec i es:
●demons a ing and alida ing he modelling ool de eloped in Task 3.5 by applying i o
speci ic models o he LEC ne wo ks de eloped wi hin he scope o his p ojec ,
●assessing he en i onmen al, economic and social impac s o he HYPERGRYD solu ions,
en i onmen al s udy and de i ing he impac s o he applied echnology.
Valida ion es ing esul s, bo h in e ms o measu emen alida ion and ading esul s analysis, align
wi h he expec a ions, con i ming speci ically ha he cu en implemen a ion o he hea pump in
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 98
he G id Singula i y Exchange [2,3] is unc ioning as in ended. The hea pump's ading s a egies
adhe e o he p o ided consump ion p o iles, and he s o age empe a u e ollows he pa e n o
pu chased ene gy. The maximum powe a ing is also adhe ed o o all hea pumps, esul ing in he
expec ed unma ched demand in ime slo s whe e he demanded consump ion exceeded his alue.
Finally, he hea pump so wa e es ing in o med u u e use o he GSY Simula ion Tool, indica ing
ha he HP digi al win’s ading s a egy mus be con igu ed mo e agg essi ely, allowing he buy
a es o ise highe han he ma ke make a e in o de o he pump o emain ope a ional.
Finally, he la ge demons a ion s udy, pe o med as pa o WP5 ac i i ies, con i ms he applied
unc ionali y and he alue o he HYPERGRYD-suppo ed ICT ool de elopmen (hea pump and
dis ic hea ing digi al wins de elopmen and in eg a ion in he G id Singula i y Exchange). The s udy
shows how he GSY Simula ion Tool [3] and he backend code o he G id Singula i y Exchange [2],
enhanced by esea ch and de elopmen conduc ed in his p ojec , can be deployed o analyse he
po en ial o sec o coupling and lexibili y asse s (no ably hea pumps), and how enewable ene gy
sou ces, combined wi h dis ic hea ing sys ems, can be u he ha nessed by enabling pee - o-pee
ading o local ene gy communi ies and implemen ing dynamic g id a i s.
The inal e sion o he epo (D3.6: Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading
ool o LEC including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as ac i e LECs. Final e sion) will include he
eedback om SONNE use s and o he s akeholde s, including egula o s, p o ided as pa o inal
ac i i ies o T5.5, as well as in ela ed dissemina ion and exploi a ion ac i i ies in WP6 -
Communica ion and Dissemina ion.
D3.5 Desc ip ion and epo o ene gy exchange and sma ading ool including simula ion s udies o li ing labs as
ac i e LECs. P elimina y e sion 99
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