Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 11: e98743
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e98743
Taxonomy & In en o ies
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase:
con ibu ion o he knowledge on DNA ba codes o
cuckoo wasps, wi h he desc ip ion o new species
om he Ibe ian Peninsula (Hymenop e a,
Ch ysididae)
Paolo Rosa , Thomas Wood , Te esa Luísa L. Sil a , Joana Ve íssimo , Vanessa A. Ma a ,
Denis Michez , Ped o Beja , Sónia Fe ei a
‡ Uni e si y o Mons, Resea ch Ins i u e o Biosciences, Labo a o y o Zoology, Place du pa c 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
§ CIBIO, Cen o de In es igação em Biodi e sidade e Recu sos Gené icos, InBIO Labo a ó io Associado, Campus de Vai ão,
Uni e sidade do Po o, 4485-661 Vai ão, Vila do Conde, Po ugal
| BIOPOLIS P og am in Genomics, Biodi e si y and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vai ão, 4485-661 Vai ão,
Vila do Conde, Po ugal
¶ CIBIO, Cen o de In es igação em Biodi e sidade e Recu sos Gené icos, InBIO Labo a ó io Associado, Ins i u o Supe io de
Ag onomia, Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Po ugal
Co esponding au ho : Sónia Fe ei a ([email p o ec ed])
Academic edi o : Dominique Zimme mann
Recei ed: 12 Dec 2022 | Accep ed: 25 Jan 2023 | Published: 01 Ma 2023
Ci a ion: Rosa P, Wood T, Sil a TLL, Ve íssimo J, Ma a VA, Michez D, Beja P, Fe ei a S (2023) The InBIO
Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge on DNA ba codes o cuckoo wasps, wi h he
desc ip ion o new species om he Ibe ian Peninsula (Hymenop e a, Ch ysididae). Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 11:
e98743. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/BDJ.11.e98743
ZooBank: u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:pub:79FFF43D-DF9F-4139-9BB8-85DE59F5BADD
Abs ac
Backg ound
DNA ba coding echnologies ha e p o ided a powe ul ool o he ields o ecology and
sys ema ics. He e, we p esen a pa o he InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase:
con ibu ion o he knowledge on DNA ba codes o cuckoo wasps (Hymenop e a,
Ch ysididae) da ase ep esen ing 144 specimens and 103 species, co e ing
‡ ‡ §,| §,| §,|
‡ §,|,¶ §,|
© Rosa P e al. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY
4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
app oxima ely 44% o he Ibe ian and 21% o he Eu opean auna. The InBIO Ba coding
Ini ia i e (IBI – DNA Ba coding Po uguese e es ial in e eb a e biodi e si y) aims o ill
he ba coding gap o he e es ial in e eb a e axa. All DNA ex ac ions a e deposi ed in
he IBI collec ion a CIBIO, Resea ch Cen e in Biodi e si y and Gene ic Resou ces and
specimens a e deposi ed in he Uni e si y o Mons collec ion (Belgium) and in he Na u -
Museum in Luce ne (Swi ze land).
New in o ma ion
This da ase inc eases he knowledge on he DNA ba codes and dis ibu ion o 102 species
o cuckoo wasps. A o al o 52 species, om 11 di e en gene a, we e new addi ions o he
Ba code o Li e Da a Sys em (BOLD), wi h DNA ba codes o ano he 44 species added
om unde - ep esen ed axa in BOLD. All specimens ha e hei DNA ba codes publicly
accessible h ough he BOLD online da abase. Nine cuckoo wasp species a e newly
eco ded o Po ugal. Addi ionally, wo new species o science a e desc ibed: Ch ysis
c ossi Rosa, sp. no . om sou he n Po ugal and Hedych idium calca ium Rosa, sp. no .
om eas e n Spain. Se e al axonomic changes a e p oposed and Hedych um u ilans
Dahlbom, 1845 is ound o consis o wo di e en axa ha can be ound in sympa y,
Hedych um u ilans s. s . and Hedych um i idau eum Tou nie , 1877 s a . no . S ilbum
wes e manni Dahlbom, 1845 s a . no . is con i med as dis inc om S ilbum calens
(Fab icius, 1781), wi h he la e species no con i med as p esen in Ibe ia; ba coded
S ilbum ma e ial om Aus alia is dis inc and ep esen s S ilbum ame hys ium (Fab icius,
1775) sp. esu .; Po uguese ma e ial iden i ied as Hedych idium chlo opygum Buysson,
1888 ac ually belongs o Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann & T au mann, 1919, he
i s con i med eco d o his species om Ibe ia. Philoc e es pa ulus (Dahlbom, 1845) is
con i med o be a synonym o Philoc e es punc ula us (Dahlbom, 1845). Ch ysis lusi anica
Bischo , 1910 is con i med as a alid species. Ch ysis heb aeica Linsenmaie , 1959 s a .
no . is aised o species s a us.
Keywo ds
Po ugal, Spain, I aly, DNA ba code, mi ochond ial DNA, Cy och ome c oxidase subuni I
(COI)
In oduc ion
In Eu ope, he di e si y o cuckoo wasps is highes in he Medi e anean egion, wi h
ela i ely ew species ound in he no h (Paukkunen e al. 2014, Paukkunen e al. 2015)
and he B i ish Isles (Mo gan 1984). Ch ysidids a e mo e common in sou he n Eu opean
coun ies in pa due o hei ecology, since mos species a e heliophilous and
he mophilous, a ou ing wa m and sunny habi a s. Ano he eason is hei ep oduc i e
biology, as he numbe o hos species o bees and aculea e wasps is also g ea e in
Medi e anean coun ies (Michez e al. 2019).
2Rosa P e al
The o al numbe o alid cuckoo wasp species is app oxima ely 2,800 (Rosa 2017). O his
wo ld o al, abou 480 ha e been eco ded om Eu ope, plus 135 accep ed subspecies,
whose possible speci ic ank has ye o be e alua ed (Mi oiu e al. 2015). In Po ugal, a
o al o 130 species and ou subspecies a e known o da e, bu his numbe is likely o be
a om he ue o al gi en he much la ge numbe o species epo ed om neighbou ing
Spain (e.g. González e al. 1999, González e al. 2009, Mingo and Gayubo 1981, Mingo
and Gayubo 1986). Mingo (1994) compiled he mos ecen aunis ic su ey o he Ibe ian
Peninsula, including iden i ica ion keys. In his impo an monog aph, Po uguese species
a e no clea ly sepa a ed om Spanish ones. This olume is a aluable guide o
beginne s, ye includes only 170 species o he Ibe ian Peninsula, o e looking many o he
species desc ibed o published om Spain. The eal numbe o species exceeds 230
known axa. Howe e , new ield esea ch on Po uguese bees and aculea e wasps (e.g.
Rosa e al. 2015, Rosa e al. 2015, Rosa and Vå dal 2015, Rosa and Xu 2015, Baldock e
al. 2018, Baldock e al. 2020, C oss e al. 2021) has ein igo a ed wo k on he Ibe ian
cuckoo wasp auna and a new illus a ed ca alogue o he Po uguese auna is in
p epa a ion, including new eco ds o he coun y and o Eu ope.
Despi e he ac ha he Ibe ian Ch ysididae auna is one o he iches in Eu ope (Mingo
1994), his auna has essen ially ne e been in es iga ed using molecula ools, wi h only a
hand ul o DNA ba codes sequences a ailable om a small selec ion o species (e.g. Pauli
e al. (2019)). To a ce ain ex en , his is a unc ion o he limi ed numbe o s udies ha
ha e p esen ed ba code da a o Wes Palaea c ic Ch ysididae in gene al (Niehuis and
Wägele 2004, Soon and Saa ma 2011, Soon e al. 2014, Paukkunen e al. 2015,
O lo sky é e al. 2016, Roslin e al. 2021). The p esen wo k ep esen s he i s a emp o
gene a e DNA ba codes o Ibe ian Ch ysididae a a aunal le el and, hus, ep esen s a
majo s ep in documen ing he gene ic di e si y in he Medi e anean cuckoo wasp auna.
Ma e ials and me hods
This da ase is composed o da a ela ing o 144 Ch ysididae specimens. Specimens we e
collec ed du ing ield expedi ions in he Ibe ian Peninsula, Belgium, I aly and Mo occo om
2014 o 2022 by T.J. Wood, I. C oss (Do ches e , UK) and P. Rosa (Fig. 1, Table 1).
Specimens we e pinned and d ied and a e p ese ed in he collec ion o T.J. Wood a he
Uni e si y o Mons (Belgium); I alian specimens a e p ese ed in e hanol (98%) and
p ese ed in he collec ion o P. Rosa a he Uni e si y o Mons (Belgium). Holo ypes o he
newly-desc ibed species a e deposi ed in he Na u -Museum (Luce ne, Swi ze land –
NMLU) and pa a ypes a e deposi ed in he ollowing p i a e collec ions: PRC (Paolo Rosa
Collec ion, Be na eggio, I aly), TWC (Thomas J. Wood Collec ion, Mons, Belgium); ICC
(Ian C oss Collec ion, B ian spuddle, Do se , Uni ed Kingdom). The majo i y o specimens
we e de e mined o species le el, hough some specimens in challenging o unclea
axonomic g oups we e iden i ied as 'c .' o simply o he species g oup. O e all, 103
species a e ep esen ed in he da ase . These species belong o 13 gene a (Fig. 2).
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 3
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Ch ysidea Ch ysidea disclusa pumilionis
(Linsenmaie , 1987)#
INV12702 IBIHM1103-22 BOLD:AES3051 OP347205
Ch ysis Ch ysis and adei Linsenmaie , 1959# INV12728 IBIHM1129-22 BOLD:AES8383 OP347228
INV12729 IBIHM1130-22 OP347302
Ch ysis be landi Linsenmaie , 1959# INV12682 IBIHM1083-22 BOLD:AES5679 OP347200
INV12683 IBIHM1084-22 OP347265
INV12734 IBIHM1135-22 OP347250
Ch ysis blancha di Lucas, 1849# INV12732 IBIHM1133-22 BOLD:AEU3313 OP347222
Ch ysis cae uli en is Abeille de Pe in,
1878
INV12676 IBIHM1077-22 BOLD:AED3523 OP347173
Ch ysis cas illana Du Buysson, 1894 INV12731 IBIHM1132-22 BOLD:AED2289 OP347274
Ch ysis ce as es Abeille de Pe in,
1877#
INV12733 IBIHM1134-22 BOLD:AET4960 OP347293
Ch ysis u ilans Oli ie , 1790# INV12689 IBIHM1090-22 BOLD:AET4959 OP347268
Ch ysis ch ysop asina Fo s e , 1853 INV12677 IBIHM1078-22 BOLD:AET4958 OP347283
Ch ysis ch ysoscu ella Linsenmaie ,
1959#
INV12743 IBIHM1144-22 BOLD:AES1459 OP347305
Ch ysis compa a a Lepele ie , 1806 INV12679 IBIHM1080-22 BOLD:AAU1528 OP347241
Ch ysis consanguinea Mocsá y, 1889 INV12687 IBIHM1088-22 BOLD:AED0671 OP347212
Ch ysis co ii Linsenmaie , 1951 INV12670 IBIHM1071-22 BOLD:AAR9816 OP347211
Ch ysis elegans Lepele ie , 1806# INV12673 IBIHM1074-22 BOLD:AES1460 OP347219
Ch ysis ema gina ula Spinola, 1808 INV12672 IBIHM1073-22 BOLD:AED6786 OP347309
Ch ysis ugax Abeille de Pe in, 1878 INV12661 IBIHM1062-22 BOLD:AED3372 OP347230
Ch ysis ge ma i Wesmael, 1839# INV12669 IBIHM1070-22 BOLD:AET6935 OP347229
Ch ysis g acillima au o acies
(T au mann, 1926)#
INV12663 IBIHM1064-22 BOLD:AES2863 OP347234
Ch ysis g ohmanni Dahlbom, 1854 INV12666 IBIHM1067-22 BOLD:AED6294 OP347210
Ch ysis hyd opica Abeille de Pe in,
1878#
INV12735 IBIHM1136-22 BOLD:AET2381 OP347243
Table 1.
Lis o species ha we e collec ed and DNA ba coded wi hin his p ojec . # Indica es species wi h
new BINs.
4Rosa P e al
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Ch ysis inspe a a Che ie , 1870# INV12774 IBIHM1175-22 BOLD:AET2383 OP347258
Ch ysis in eg a Fab icius, 1787# INV12741 IBIHM1142-22 BOLD:AET2382 OP347285
Ch ysis i epe a Linsenmaie , 1959# INV12671 IBIHM1072-22 BOLD:AER8828 OP347244
Ch ysis lusi anica Bischo , 1910 INV12747 IBIHM1148-22 BOLD:ACQ6955 OP347197
Ch ysis me ce i (T au mann, 1926)# INV12744 IBIHM1145-22 BOLD:AET3720 OP347260
Ch ysis mix a Dahlbom, 1854# INV12664 IBIHM1065-22 BOLD:AET3717 OP347207
Ch ysis mon icola Linsenmaie , 1999# INV12681 IBIHM1082-22 BOLD:AET3719 OP347289
INV12730 IBIHM1131-22 OP347304
Ch ysis mys icalis Linsenmaie , 1959# INV12678 IBIHM1079-22 BOLD:AET3718 OP347245
INV12736 IBIHM1137-22 OP347271
Ch ysis peninsula is du Buysson,
1887#
INV12667 IBIHM1068-22 BOLD:AES0122 OP347226
Ch ysis c ossi Rosa sp. no .# INV12727 IBIHM1128-22 BOLD:AES0121 OP347295
Ch ysis pulchella Spinola, 1808 INV12665 IBIHM1066-22 BOLD:AED0619 OP347198
Ch ysis pulche ima Lepele ie , 1806# INV12688 IBIHM1089-22 BOLD:AET0271 OP347172
Ch ysis py ophana Dahlbom, 1854# INV12775 IBIHM1176-22 BOLD:AET0272 OP347213
Ch ysis ambu i Dahlbom, 1854 INV12674 IBIHM1075-22 BOLD:AED5814 OP347263
Ch ysis sculp u a a Mocsá y, 1912 INV12684 IBIHM1085-22 BOLD:ABU6373 OP347310
Ch ysis scu ella is ma eni Linsenmaie ,
1951
INV12738 IBIHM1139-22 BOLD:ACM0910 OP347269
INV12739 IBIHM1140-22 OP347185
Ch ysis sexden a a Ch is , 1791 INV12783 IBIHM1184-22 BOLD:ABU6376 OP347217
Ch ysis splendidula Rossi, 1790# INV12740 IBIHM1141-22 BOLD:AES6413 OP347180
Ch ysis subsinua a Ma que , 1879# INV12662 IBIHM1063-22 BOLD:AES4620 OP347214
Ch ysis a idens Abeille de Pe in,
1878
INV12668 IBIHM1069-22 BOLD:AEE0312 OP347171
Ch ysis zona a Dahlbom, 1854# INV12742 IBIHM1143-22 BOLD:AET8274 OP347199
Ch ysu a Ch ysu a aus iaca (Fab icius, 1804) INV12690 IBIHM1091-22 BOLD:AAJ3472 OP347193
Ch ysu a cup ea (Rossi, 1790) INV12692 IBIHM1093-22 BOLD:AAP1055 OP347176
Ch ysu a dich oa (Dahlbom, 1854)# INV12696 IBIHM1097-22 BOLD:AET1511 OP347273
INV12776 IBIHM1177-22 OP347215
Ch ysu a hyb ida (Lepele ie , 1806) INV12726 IBIHM1127-22 BOLD:AAY6924 OP347177
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 5
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Ch ysu a pu pu ei ons (Abeille de
Pe in, 1878)#
INV12694 IBIHM1095-22 BOLD:AEU2029 OP347231
INV12693 IBIHM1094-22 BOLD:AED1166 OP347286
INV12695 IBIHM1096-22 OP347257
INV12849 IBIHM1250-22 OP347296
INV12850 IBIHM1251-22 OP347297
INV12851 IBIHM1252-22 OP347221
Ch ysu a adians (Ha is, 1776) INV12697 IBIHM1098-22 BOLD:ABA8702 OP347225
Ch ysu a e ulgens (Spinola, 1806) INV12777 IBIHM1178-22 BOLD:ABA7395 OP347303
Ch ysu a u i en is (Dahlbom, 1854) INV12699 IBIHM1100-22 BOLD:AEC6882 OP347290
Ch ysu a simplex (Dahlbom, 1854) INV12691 IBIHM1092-22 BOLD:AAY6923 OP347189
Ch ysu a sulca a (Dahlbom, 1845) INV12700 IBIHM1101-22 BOLD:ABA7396 OP347249
Ch ysu a a ico nis (Spinola, 1838)# INV12698 IBIHM1099-22 BOLD:AET0222 OP347261
INV12701 IBIHM1102-22 OP347192
Hedych idium Hedych idium ae eolum du Buysson,
1892
INV12809 IBIHM1210-22 BOLD:AAY6930 OP347195
Hedych idium anale (Dahlbom, 1854) INV12717 IBIHM1118-22 BOLD:AED4749 OP347270
Hedych idium a dens (Coquebe ,
1801)
INV12786 IBIHM1187-22 BOLD:AAK4640 OP347236
Hedych idium buyssoni Abeille de
Pe in, 1887#
INV12790 IBIHM1191-22 BOLD:AES9011 OP347196
Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann
& T au mann, 1919
INV12760 IBIHM1161-22 BOLD:AAU0775 OP347183
Hedych idium alesiense Linsenmaie ,
1959#
INV12804 IBIHM1205-22 BOLD:AET6828 OP347275
Hedych idium chlo opygum du
Buysson, 1888
INV12801 IBIHM1202-22 BOLD:AAE3258 OP347187
INV12802 IBIHM1203-22 OP347240
Hedych idium cup a um (Dahlbom,
1854)
INV12806 IBIHM1207-22 BOLD:AAY6946 OP347255
INV12807 IBIHM1208-22 OP347252
Hedych idium cup i ibiale Linsenmaie ,
1987#
INV12769 IBIHM1170-22 BOLD:AES9012 OP347239
Hedych idium inc assa um (Dahlbom,
1854)
INV12718 IBIHM1119-22 BOLD:AEE0029 OP347267
6Rosa P e al
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Hedych idium in ans Abeille de Pe in,
1878#
INV12768 IBIHM1169-22 BOLD:AES6837 OP347254
INV12781 IBIHM1182-22 OP347191
Hedych idium jucundum Mocsá y,
1889#
INV12784 IBIHM1185-22 BOLD:AES6836 OP347262
INV12785 IBIHM1186-22 OP347232
INV12810 IBIHM1211-22 BOLD:AES6835 OP347170
INV12811 IBIHM1212-22 OP347256
Hedych idium k ajniki Bal hasa , 1946 INV12764 IBIHM1165-22 BOLD:AAZ0056 OP347237
Hedych idium medioc um Linsenmaie ,
1987
INV12716 IBIHM1117-22 BOLD:AAE3260 OP347279
INV12803 IBIHM1204-22 OP347308
Hedych idium monoch oum du
Buysson, 1888
INV12800 IBIHM1201-22 BOLD:AAY1978 OP347206
Hedych idium e icula um Abeille de
Pe in, 1878#
INV12763 IBIHM1164-22 BOLD:AER9655 OP347248
INV12791 IBIHM1192-22 OP347203
INV12792 IBIHM1193-22 OP347282
INV12793 IBIHM1194-22 OP347301
Hedych idium oseum (Rossi, 1790) INV12805 IBIHM1206-22 BOLD:AAE3259 OP347281
Hedych idium sculp u a um Abeille de
Pe in, 1877#
INV12812 IBIHM1213-22 BOLD:AET6828 OP347181
INV12813 IBIHM1214-22 BOLD:AAE3258 OP347276
Hedych idium scu ella e (Tou nie ,
1878)#
INV12761 IBIHM1162-22 BOLD:AES0428 OP347291
INV12788 IBIHM1189-22 OP347175
Hedych idium se illanum Linsenmaie ,
1968#
INV12765 IBIHM1166-22 BOLD:AET6827 OP347242
INV12767 IBIHM1168-22 BOLD:AES0429 OP347259
INV12789 IBIHM1190-22 OP347223
Hedych idium calca ium Rosa sp. no .# INV12794 IBIHM1195-22 BOLD:AET9698 OP347204
INV12795 IBIHM1196-22 OP347307
INV12796 IBIHM1197-22 OP347169
Hedych idium sub oseum
p ochlo opygum Linsenmaie , 1959#
INV12715 IBIHM1116-22 BOLD:AES2437 OP347209
Hedych idium achali Me ce , 1915# INV12766 IBIHM1167-22 BOLD:AET6826 OP347280
Hedych um Hedych um longicolle Abeille de Pe in,
1877
INV12723 IBIHM1124-22 BOLD:AED0972 OP347298
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 7
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Hedych um micans eu opaeum
Linsenmaie , 1959
INV12724 IBIHM1125-22 BOLD:AAK4644 OP347194
Hedych um niemelai Linsenmaie , 1959 INV12721 IBIHM1122-22 BOLD:AAU1294 OP347300
Hedych um nobile (Scopoli, 1763) INV12722 IBIHM1123-22 BOLD:AAK4644 OP347266
INV12771 IBIHM1172-22 OP347168
Hedych um u ilans Dahlbom, 1854 INV12720 IBIHM1121-22 BOLD:AAM3491 OP347220
Hedych um i idiau eum Tou nie , 1877 INV12719 IBIHM1120-22 BOLD:AAM3491 OP347294
INV12770 IBIHM1171-22 BOLD:AAK4643 OP347247
INV12782 IBIHM1183-22 BOLD:AAM3491 OP347174
Holopyga Holopyga calida Linsenmaie , 1951# INV12705 IBIHM1106-22 OP347202
INV12754 IBIHM1155-22 BOLD:AES0090 OP347227
Holopyga lucida (Lepele ie , 1806)# INV12708 IBIHM1109-22 BOLD:AES0091 OP347182
Holopyga as uosa (Lucas, 1849) INV12709 IBIHM1110-22 BOLD:AAZ6194 OP347292
INV12710 IBIHM1111-22 OP347190
INV12780 IBIHM1181-22 OP347253
INV12753 IBIHM1154-22 BOLD:AAY6928 OP347216
Holopyga e ida (Fab icius, 1781) INV12706 IBIHM1107-22 BOLD:ACV6331 OP347208
INV12757 IBIHM1158-22 BOLD:AAY9735 OP347287
Holopyga gene osa (Fö s e , 1853) INV12712 IBIHM1113-22 BOLD:AAZ6194 OP347288
INV12713 IBIHM1114-22 OP347201
Holopyga in lamma a (Fö s e , 1853)# INV12759 IBIHM1160-22 BOLD:AET1451 OP347284
Holopyga ju inei Che ie , 1862# INV12714 IBIHM1115-22 OP347233
INV12756 IBIHM1157-22 BOLD:AET1450 OP347235
Holopyga similis Mocsá y, 1889 INV12787 IBIHM1188-22 BOLD:AED0274 OP347178
Holopyga me ce i Kimsey, 1991# INV12755 IBIHM1156-22 BOLD:AES1216 OP347186
Pa nopes Pa nopes sp.# INV12779 IBIHM1180-22 BOLD:AET2814 OP347218
Philoc e es Philoc e es abeillei du Buysson, 1892# INV12704 IBIHM1105-22 BOLD:AEU5026 OP347179
Philoc e es punc ula us (Dahlbom,
1854)#
INV12703 IBIHM1104-22 BOLD:AEU5027 OP347264
INV12749 IBIHM1150-22 OP347272
INV12750 IBIHM1151-22 OP347238
8Rosa P e al
Genus Species IBI code BOLD code BOLD BIN GenBank
Pseudoch ysis Pseudoch ysis humbold i (Dahlbom,
1845)#
INV12659 IBIHM1060-22 BOLD:AEU3425 OP347246
Pseudoch ysis inc assa a (Spinola,
1838)#
INV12660 IBIHM1061-22 BOLD:AEU3426 OP347278
Pseudomalus au a us (Linnaeus, 1758) INV12751 IBIHM1152-22 BOLD:AAH8217 OP347251
Pseudomalus iolaceus (Scopoli, 1763) INV12752 IBIHM1153-22 BOLD:ABX9998 OP347299
Spin ha ina Spin ha ina cup a a (Dahlbom, 1854)# INV12657 IBIHM1058-22 BOLD:AET6497 OP347277
Spin ha ina e sicolo (Spinola, 1808) INV12656 IBIHM1057-22 BOLD:AAJ3630 OP347224
S ilbum S ilbum wes e manni Dahlbom, 1845# INV12654 IBIHM1055-22 BOLD:AES3895 OP347311
INV12655 IBIHM1056-22 OP347306
S ilbum cyanu um (Fo s e , 1771) INV12725 IBIHM1126-22 BOLD:AAJ4180 OP347184
T ich ysis T ich ysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758) INV12658 IBIHM1059-22 BOLD:AAH7935 OP347188
Specimens we e cap u ed wi h an en omological ne , eu hanised by exposu e o e hyl
ace a e and pinned and d ied wi hin 24 hou s o achie e maximum sui abili y o DNA
ex ac ion and ampli ica ion.
Figu e 1.
Map o he locali ies whe e cuckoo wasps samples we e collec ed.
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 9
(Me ce , 1904), C. la ipes (E e smann, 1858) and C. empe a a (Linsenmaie , 1959).
Th ee species a e also known o he Cana y slands and a e conside ed endemic:
Hedych idium ex aneum Linsenmaie , 1993, H. ica a um Linsenmaie , 1993 and H.
i idicup eum Linsenmaie , 1993.
Ano he species, Hedych idium sua e (Tou nie , 1878), was desc ibed om Spain
(Andalucía) and has been conside ed o be a synonym o H. oseum by Linsenmaie
(1951), Mingo (1994) and Kimsey and Boha (1991), who e oneously placed he ype
locali y in Swi ze land (Léman a ea). None o hese au ho s examined he ype
deposi ed a he Museum in Gene a. Acco ding o he labels pinned wi h he ype
specimen, he ype locali y is Tangie in Mo occo and no Andalucía. Hedych idium
sua e does no belong o he oseum g oup, bu o he emo a um g oup; i is a alid
species and, based on i s aspec and colou a ion, his axon should be a No h A ican
species and he Andalusian locali y is an e o . Tou nie is well-known o con using
Eu opean and Mo occan locali ies, as has al eady happened in o he insec amilies as
well as in Ch ysididae (see he case o Ch ysis supe ba Tou nie , 1879 in Linsenmaie
(1968). Fo he momen , we do no conside H. sua e o be a membe o he Ibe ian
auna.
Hedych idium calca ium sp. no . belongs o he a dens species g oup due o he shape
o he second me a a some e which is longe han he hi d, he punc a e scapal basin,
he gene al habi us and he body colou a ion (Fig. 3). Hedych idium calca ium sp. no .
has small o medium dimensions, om 4.0 o 5.4 mm; head blue wi h wo ed pa ches
on b ow be ween an e io ocellus and compound eye; black ocella a ea; ed p ono um
and mesono um, es o mesosoma blue wi h g eenish e lec ions; me asoma do sally
ed and en ally black wi h wo la ge and oblique g een-bluish spo s on he second
s e num. Punc a ion dense, e en and deep on e ex; he la ges punc u es deep and
umbelica e on p ono um, wi h in e als densely mic opunc a e; mesoscu um wi h
smalle , shallowe and spa se punc u es, in e als less densely mic opunc a e
compa ed o p ono um; me ano um wi h spa se mic opunc u es on shining in e als;
me apos no um dis inc ly enla ged compa ed o he same mo phological pa o he
closes species, H. jucundum (Fig. 4), in which i is iangula . Me asomal sculp u e wi h
e en, dense and small punc u es equally spaced; apical ma gin o he hi d e gum wi h
wide hyaline ma gin (2–3 PD).
Besides di e en body sculp u e and mo phological cha ac e s, Hedych idium
calca ium sp. no . can be immedia ely sepa a ed om H. a dens, H. ma eni and H.
ibe icum by i s blue me ano um, con as ing wi h ed scu ellum (concolou ous in he
o he species); om H. cup i ibiale by he blue ace, con as ing wi h he ed head on
e ex (en i ely ed in H. se illanum); om H. se illanum by he di e en body colou ,
which is g een o b onze in he la e and by he me ano um b onze o g een, sligh ly
con as ing wi h he es o he ed body colou . Fo compa ison, pic u es o H. a dens
can be ound in Paukkunen e al. (2015) and pic u es o all he emaining species can
be ound in he illus a ed ca alogue o Linsenmaie ’s ypes (Rosa e al. 2022). Finally,
H. in ans, H. ad en icium and H. in an um can be immedia ely sepa a ed by hei e y
small size (2–3 mm) and he di e en colou a ion, he i s ha ing me allic egulae (a
16 Rosa P e al
unique ea u e), he o he wo a g een line along he pos e io ma gin o he p ono um.
The species mo phologically and ch oma ically close o H. calca ium sp. no . a e H.
jucundum,H. e icula um sensu Linsenmaie (1959) and H. buyssoni. Howe e , H.
jucundum can be di e en ia ed by a da k o black spo on discum o second e gum
and by he e ex en i ely golden o ed; in case o doub , he iangula shape o he
me apos no um is diagnos ic (Fig. 4); H. e icula um by he ed mesopleu on and,
inally, H. buyssoni by he g een e ex, he s ocky body, he i s e gum sho e
medially and angled on an e io ma gins, he me asoma wi h dense and deepe
punc u es. The male o H. calca ium sp. no . has he same colou a ion o he emale
and can be sepa a ed om he simila male o H. jucundum by he colou o he head
and he shape o he geni al capsule wi h cuspis apically slende , unmodi ied ( s.
apically enla ged and cu ed in H. jucundum (see Rosa 2017)).
Ou side he Ibe ian Peninsula, only Hedych idium by inskii Linsenmaie , 1959 can be
con used wi h H. calca ium sp.no . H. by inskii was desc ibed om Pales ine and is
known om G eece and Tu key (Linsenmaie 1968, Linsenmaie 1999). Linsenmaie (
Linsenmaie 1968, Linsenmaie 1999) lis ed his species om Mo occo, bu he
Mo occan specimens may ac ually belong o he wes e n Medi e anean species H.
calca ium. The la e can be immedia ely ecognised by he da k me asomal s e na,
wi h wo small da k g een spo s on he second s e num, whe eas H. by inskii
specimens om he eas Medi e anean ha e he i s s e num (la gely) and second
s e num (en i ely) b igh g een (see pic u es o he ype in Rosa e al. (2022), Fig. 7E).
The second s e num o H. by inskii is also cha ac e ised by only a ew and spa se
punc u es bea ing long se ae, whe eas H. calca ium has a dense punc a ion (Fig. 1F)
wi h sho se ae ha a e app oxima ely one hi d as long as hose o H. by inskii. The
colou pa e n o he head also di e s be ween he wo species, wi h he en i e e ex in
H. by inskii colou ed lame ed, dis inc ly con as ing he blue head and he g een
decli i y o he ons, wi h he ocelli a ea lame ed; he ed a ea on he e ex o H.
calca ium is less s ongly con as ing and he ocelli a ea is black. The scu ellum is
en i ely lame ed in H. by inskii, whe eas i is me allic g een on i s pos e io ma gin in
H. calca ium. Ba coding analyses o he eas e n Medi e anean H. by inskii a e needed
o e alua e he gene ic dis ance be ween he wo species.
Gene ics: Hedych idium calca ium sp. no . is e y dis inc gene ically (Fig. 5), showing
a low a e age in aspeci ic gene ic dis ance o 0.30%. I is s ongly sepa a ed om he
nea es ela i e in he phylogene ic ee H. e icula um by an a e age gene ic dis ance
o 16.45% ( ange 16.11-16.72%). By di ec gene ic dis ance, i is closes o H.
jucundum specimens om I aly, sepa a ed by an a e age o 16.13% ( ange
15.96-16.41%). As a no e, H. jucundum specimens om I aly a e sepa a ed om H.
jucundum specimens om Meno ca by an a e age o 4.94% ( ange 4.71-5.17%). This
equi es u he in es iga ion.
E ymology
The epi he calca ium de i es om he La in adjec i e calca ius ela ed o he limes one
habi a o he species.
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 17
Dis ibu ion
Spain (p o inces o Te uel and G anada). A each locali y, he species was ound in
d y
g assland on calca eous soil, such as a he Ba anco de los Oncenachos (Fig. 6).
Figu e 5.
Phylogene ic ee (neighbou -joining) o membe s o he Hedych idium a dens g oup based on
he DNA ba coding mi ochond ial COI gene agmen . Numbe s adjacen o b anches
ep esen boo s ap suppo ( alues o < 0.75 a e omi ed). The scale-ba indica es he % o
sequence di e gence.
Figu e 6.
Villa del Cobo, Ba anco de los Oncenachos, p o ince o Te uel, Spain. Collec ing si e o
Hedych idium calca ium Rosa sp. no .
18 Rosa P e al
Ecology
The hos is unknown, bu is likely o be a small apoid wasp, in line wi h o he membe s
o he Hedych idium a dens g oup.
Ch ysis c ossi Rosa, sp. n.
• ZooBank 759C3BE4-F1BE-47B2-9C43-0FFD17612E43
Ma e ials
Holo ype:
a. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: Salema; decimalLa i ude:
37.06; decimalLongi ude: -8.83; yea : 2017; mon h: 4; day: 16; indi idualID: INV12727;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: F; li eS age: Adul ; ca alogNumbe : INV12727; eco dNumbe :
INV12727; eco dedBy: I. C. C oss; o he Ca alogNumbe s: IBIHM1128-22; iden i iedBy:
Paolo Rosa; ins i u ionCode: Uni e si e de Mons; occu enceID: 6CF2BF38-8154-53D2-
AB88-640F8CDD5821
Pa a ypes:
a. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: 3 km N Mexilhoei a G ande,
Poio; decimalLa i ude: 37.2; decimalLongi ude: -8.6; yea : 2005; mon h: 4; day: 30;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: M; li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: J. Smi (JSC); iden i iedBy: Paolo
Rosa; occu enceID: 9849F20C-7561-5544-B4E2-430469C8A89F
b. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: Ca apa ei a, P aia da
Bo dei a; decimalLa i ude: 37.2; decimalLongi ude: -8.9; yea : 2006; mon h: 4; day: 16;
indi idualCoun : 2; sex: M; li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: M. & E. Howe (PRC);
iden i iedBy: Paolo Rosa; occu enceID: 01CC81B6-FEC3-5EBD-B89E-B7195661A5AD
c. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: Ca apa ei a; decimalLa i ude:
37.2; decimalLongi ude: -8.9; yea : 2016; mon h: 4; day: 26; indi idualCoun : 1; sex: M;
li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: I.C. C oss (ICC); iden i iedBy: Paolo Rosa; occu enceID:
92FDD0A6-54DE-5166-B4DF-372F55037E84
d. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: Es oi; decimalLa i ude: 37.1;
decimalLongi ude: -7.9; yea : 2019; mon h: 5; day: 4; indi idualCoun : 1; sex: M;
li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: P. Rosa & M. Jacobs; iden i iedBy: Paolo Rosa;
occu enceID: 66AAAE02-1293-52EB-8267-4DBC53119F00
e. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; municipali y: Fa o; locali y:
Mon eneg o; decimalLa i ude: 37.0; decimalLongi ude: -7.9; yea : 2019; mon h: 5; day: 9;
indi idualCoun : 2; sex: M; li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: P. Rosa & M. Jacobs (MJC);
iden i iedBy: Paolo Rosa; occu enceID: 23B773FC-C44D-5C19-AE88-3CB26CCF3BA4
. phylum: A h opoda; class: Insec a; o de : Hymenop e a; amily: Ch ysididae; genus:
Ch ysis; speci icEpi he : c ossi; coun y: Po ugal; locali y: Rocha; decimalLa i ude: 37.1;
decimalLongi ude: -8.5; yea : 2021; mon h: 5; day: 26; indi idualCoun : 6; sex: 5 M, 1 F;
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 19
li eS age: Adul ; eco dedBy: M. Jacobs (MJC); iden i iedBy: Paolo Rosa; occu enceID:
4A481E5E-5CD0-5D06-A882-CA7D5B027CEC
Desc ip ion
Female. Body leng h (holo ype) 5.0 mm. Fo ewing leng h 3.5 mm.
Head. Ve ex and ons wi h small, con iguous punc u es ( om 0.2× o 0.3× MOD) and
polished in e spaces below b ow; ans e se on al ca ina ain ; scapal basin
medially
ans e sally mic o idged, la e ally wi h small punc u es inc easing diame e owa ds
eye (Fig. 7D); mala spaces densely punc a e, elonga e (1.7× MOD), sho e han i s
lagellome e (2.0× MOD) and wi h sho dense, sil e se ae; genal ca ina ully
de eloped o mandibula inse ion; clypeus mos ly polished, spa sely punc a e along
an e io ma gin; clypeus elonga e, suban ennal a ea 1.7 MOD; medially no ched and
apically hickened. Fi s lagellome e elonga e, l/w = 4 (wid h aken a base o
lagellome e). OOL 1.4× MOD; POL 2.0× MOD; MS 1.7× MOD; ela i e leng h o
P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.6:0.9:0.7.
Mesosoma. Medial p ono al line na ow and sho , eaching hal p ono al leng h;
p ono um an e o-la e ally sligh ly bulging (Fig. 7); p ono al punc a ion double and
in e spaces polished wi h spa se minu e do s; no aulus basally o med by small
sub ec angula o eae becoming smalle and ounded a apex; pa apsidal signum as a
linea dep ession; mesoscu ellum dense punc u e and i egula in e spaces, an e o-
Figu e 7.
Ch ysis c ossi Rosa, sp. no ., emale, holo ype. A habi us, la e al iew; B habi us, do sal iew;
C head and mesosoma, do sal iew; D head, on al iew; E me asoma, pos e o-la e al iew;
F me asoma, do sal iew. Scale ba : 1 mm.
20 Rosa P e al
medially co uga ed and becoming polished owa ds base; sc obal sulcus
o
mesopleu on o med by la ge o eae aligned, limi ed o uppe hal ; epis e nal sulcus
o med by la ge and i egula , subsqua e o eae; punc a ion wi h do s on in e spaces
and la ge punc u es on mesepis e um; scu ella -me ano al su u e deep and wide;
me ano um wi h con iguous punc u es, la ge han o he punc u es on mesosoma;
pos e io p opodeal p ojec ions sligh ly di e gen ; wing ena ion unmodi ied.
Me asoma. Fi s e gum double punc a e, wi h la ge punc u es sepa a ed by small
punc u es on in e spaces; second and hi d e gum double punc a e, la ge punc u es
smalle han hose on i s e gum; punc u es on me asomal sepa a ed by polished
in e spaces (Fig. 7B, Fig. 7F); pi ow composed by small, deep pi s, apical ma gin o
hi d e gum con inuous, da k blue, medially a cua e; black spo s o he second
s e num la ge, co e ing almos all segmen leng h, eaching median line.
Colou a ion. Head and mesosoma da k blue, p ono um and la e al a eas o
mesoscu um lame ed, scu ellum wi h ligh blue highligh s; me asoma ed o pu plish,
apical ma gin o hi d e gum blue. Scape, pedicel and i s e gum black wi h weak
g eenish-me allic lus e, es o lagellum black; egula blue; me asomal en e black,
wi h only a na ow blue hin line be ween he black spo s and he apical ma gin o he
second s e num. Legs blue, a si da k b own.
Male. Body leng h 5.0–6.0 mm. Simila o emale in shape, sculp u e and colou a ion.
Mala space sligh ly sho e , scapal basin la e ally co e ed by sho , dense, app essed
and sil e y pubescence; blue segmen s o mesososoma wi h g eenish e lec ion,
p opodeum and p opodeal angles do sally g een o golden g een; b own. Male geni al
capsule (Fig. 8A) wi h inne ma gin o he gonocoxa s aigh .
Figu e 8.
Ch ysis c ossi Rosa, sp. no . A male (Ph.: © M. Jacobs); B emale (Ph.: © M. Jacobs); C
collec ing si e o Ch ysis c ossi wi h Maa en Jacobs; D Male geni al capsule; E Male geni al
capsule o Ch ysis ph yne om I aly (Emilia-Romagna, O iano).
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 21
Diagnosis
Medium-sized, slende species (5–6 mm); head and mesosoma blue, p ono um and
la e al a eas o mesoscu um ed; mesosoma do sally ed o pu ple, apical ma gin
o
hi d e gum blue; me asoma en ally black, black spo s on second s e num la ge,
co e ing almos all su ace and ouching mid-line, wi hou being clea ly used wi h each
o he ; na ow s ipe on apical ma gin o second e gum blue. Me asoma punc a ion
double, dense, wi h polished in e spaces be ween he la ge and small punc u es.
Ch ysis c ossi sp. no . is ch oma ically and mo phologically simila o C. ph yne Abeille
de Pe in, 1878, bu i is clea ly sepa a ed gene ically (see below). The main diagnos ic
cha ac e s o sepa a e bo h sexes om C. ph yne is he punc a ion, which consis s o
dis inc double punc u es on he me asomal scu um, hese being sepa a ed by polished
in e spaces (Fig. 7E, Fig. 9A), whe eas in C. ph yne, he punc a ion is e en and dense,
wi hou polished spaces. The me asomal en e is black in bo h sexes; black spo s on
second s e num la ge, co e ing almos all su ace and ouching mid-line wi h a na ow
blue line be ween he black spo s and he apical ma gin o he segmen ; in C. ph yne,
he s e num is clea ly me allic g een o golden g een, wi h black spo s dis inc ly
sepa a e om mid-line. The male geni al capsule o he wo species is di e en (Fig. 8)
being na owe and mo e slende in C. c ossi sp. no ., wi h he inne ma gin o he
gonocoxa s aigh . Male can be also ecognised by hei b own a si, which a e pale o
yellowish in C. ph yne.
Gene ics: Ch ysis c ossi is e y dis inc gene ically, being sepa a ed om an I alian
specimen o C. ph yne by 8.51%. The e a e no o he specimens sepa a ed by less
han a gene ic dis ance o 10.0%.
Figu e 9.
A-B me asoma, do sal iew: A Ch ysis c ossi Rosa, sp. no ., male, pa a ype; B Ch ysis
ph yne male, om I aly (Emilia-Romagna, O iano); C-D me asoma, en al iew; C Ch ysis
c ossi Rosa, sp., no ., male, pa a ype; D Ch ysis ph yne male, om I aly (Emilia-Romagna,
O iano).
22 Rosa P e al
E ymology
The speci ic epi he c ossi (masculine) is dedica ed o Ian C oss (Do ches e , Do se ,
UK) o his ac i e esea ch on Po uguese Hymenop e a, including cuckoo wasps,
many specimens o which we e used o he cu en InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e wo k.
Dis ibu ion
Po ugal (Alga e).
Ecology
Label in o ma ion om Ian C oss epo s ha a male specimen was collec ed a an
agg ega ion o Meli u ga cauda a Pé ez, 1879 (And enidae), on he sand nea emp y
snail shells. Ch ysis ph yne has been epo ed o a ack Osmia (Allosmia)
melanu a
Mo awi z, 1871 (see Pauli e al. (2019)), bu his canno be he ypical hos ac oss
much o i s ange as, in Eu ope, O. melanu a is es ic ed o sou he n I aly, No h
Macedonia and sou he n Uk aine (Mülle 2022). I is likely ha a di e en snail shell-
nes ing O. (Allosmia) is used ins ead, all known species o O. (Allosmia) using his
nes ing subs a e. The likely hos is O. (Allosmia) u ohi a La eille, 1811 which is
widely dis ibu ed ac oss Eu ope and is he only O. (Allosmia) known om Po ugal (
Mülle 2022), being common in he Alga e (Baldock e al. 2018). We sugges ha O.
u ohi a is he likely hos o C. c ossi, hough his mus be con i med h ough di ec
obse a ions.
No es
Acco ding o Linsenmaie (1959), he ph yne g oup includes only wo species: Ch ysis
ci ce Mocsá y, 1889 and C. ph yne Abeille de Pe in, 1878, wi h h ee subspecies C.
ph yne s.s ., C. ph yne heb aeica Linsenmaie , 1959 and C. ph yne bu genlandia
Linsenmaie , 1968. The ypes o hese subspecies ha e been examined and C.
heb aeica s a . no . has o be conside ed o be a dis inc species, based on
mo phological analyses, as i displays g ea e mo phological di e ences om C.
ph yne s.s . han C. c ossi. Commen s on he speci ic s a us o C. ph yne bu genlandia
(known om Aus ia o G eece) should be pos poned un il gene ic sequences a e
a ailable, because he main diagnos ic cha ac e s a e based on body colou a ion only.
Finally, Mocsá y (1889) desc ibed Ch ysis des e anii, based on he desc ip ion o a
specimen collec ed in Sicily by De S e ani-Pe ez and iden i ied as C. candens by du
Buysson (1888). The ype o Ch ysis des e anii is cu en ly conside ed o be los , as is
la ge pa o De S e ani’s collec ion (Romano 2006). Ch ysis des e anii was conside ed
o be a synonym o C. ph yne by Linsenmaie (1959) and Kimsey and Boha (1991).
S umia and Yildi im (2009) iden i ied a specimen om Tu key as Ch ysis des e anii,
ye his eco d may be ela ed o Ch ysis heb aeica o o an undesc ibed species o he
simila ub ica a g oup ha has al eady been obse ed in he Middle Eas (PR,
unpublished da a). Based on he desc ip ions by du Buysson (1888) and Mocsá y
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 23
(1889) and, in pa icula , on he de ail on he punc a ion o he second e gum “
éguliè e
o mée de poin s égaux, assez se és”, he synonymy be ween Ch ysis des e anii and
C. c ossi is excluded and De S e ani’s specimen would appea o be conspeci ic wi h
C. ph yne. Since he ype o Ch ysis des e anii is los , we ea C. des e ani as nomen
dubium, un il such a poin ha molecula da a a e a ailable o Sicilian specimens.
Analysis
Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann & T au mann, 1919 and
Hedych idium chlo opygum du Buysson, 1888
A ens (2010) conside ed Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann & T au mann, 1919 o be
a subspecies o H. chlo opygum du Buysson, 1888, based on mo phological a ini ies and
no iceable a ia ion in su ace sculp u e. Acco ding o A ens (2010), H. chlo opygum s.s .
is limi ed o sou h-wes e n Eu ope, whe eas H. chlo opygum capu au eum is dis ibu ed in
no he n, cen al and sou h-eas e n Eu ope. The main di e ence be ween hese wo axa is
based on he colou a ion. In H. chlo opygum s.s ., he an e io pa o he body is ichly
ado ned wi h coppe o gold and he me asoma is me allic blue o iole on he hi d
e gum, o a a ying ex en and in ensi y. In H. chlo opygum capu au eum, he an e io pa
o he body may ha e a simila colou a ion, al hough No dic and cen al Eu opean
specimens may be da ke , wi h ain coppe y o golden e lec ions (desc ibed as H.
chlo opygum densum Linsenmaie , 1959 and synonymised by A ens (2010) wi h H.
chlo opygum capu au eum); howe e , he me asoma is always wi hou me allic e lec ions.
The wo axa can addi ionally be sepa a ed by he dense and coa se punc a ion o he
me asoma in H. capu au eum which is appa en ly locally a iable (A ens 2010).
The specimen IBIHM1161-22 collec ed in he Alga e (Lagos, Fig. 10) shows a ich golden
colou a ion o he an e io pa o he body and hi d e gum is en i ely iole , wi h he
me asoma densely punc a e. DNA ba codes demons a e he e is mode a e gene ic
di e en ia ion be ween he Po uguese specimen and H. capu au eum om no he n and
cen al Eu ope (Fig. 11), being sepa a ed by an a e age o 2.50% ( ange 2.43-2.59%). The
clade o H. capu au eum om Aus ia, Finland and Ge many shows low a e age
in aspeci ic dis ance o 0.19% ( ange 0.00-0.34%) and has boo s ap suppo o 98%.
Howe e , he Po uguese specimen is much mo e s ongly sepa a ed om wo sequences
o H. chlo opygum om I aly, showing a e age gene ic di e en ia ion o 8.43% ( ange
8.36-8.51%). When including he Po uguese specimen wi hin H. capu au eum, he wo
clades a e sepa a ed by an a e age in e speci ic gene ic dis ance o 8.56% ( ange
8.36-9.00%). We, he e o e, conside H. capu au eum and H. chlo opygum o be wo
di e en species and include Po uguese ma e ial wi hin H. capu au eum, wi h he
obse ed gene ic dis ance conside ed o be a ia ion, gi en he geog aphic dis ance
be ween sou he n Po ugal and Ge many. The o e all dis ibu ion o H. capu au eum mus
be e ised, as his Po uguese specimen is he i s epo ed eco d o his axon in sou h-
wes e n Eu ope. Addi ional gene ic samples om Spain and F ance a e likely o all
be ween he Po uguese and cen al/no he n Eu opean sequences.
24 Rosa P e al
The subspecies H. chlo opygum be be iacum Linsenmaie , 1959 om Alge ia and Mo occo
shows a simila colou a ion o he Alga e specimen, hough i has mo e ex ensi ely
me allic iole colou a ion la e ally on he me asoma, bu also spa se punc a ion (Rosa e
al. 2022). Gene ic analyses a e needed o cla i y he placemen o his axon, bu o he
Figu e 10.
Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann & T au mann, 1919, om Alga e A habi us, do sal
iew; B habi us, pos e o-la e al iew; C geni al capsule, en al iew; D geni al capsule, do sal
iew.
Figu e 11.
Phylogene ic ee (neighbou -joining) o membe s o he Hedych idium oseum g oup, based
on he DNA ba coding mi ochond ial COI gene agmen . Numbe s adjacen o b anches
ep esen boo s ap suppo ( alues o < 0.75 a e omi ed). The scale-ba indica es he % o
sequence di e gence.
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 25
Gene ic esul s unambiguously suppo a species-le el di e ence be ween S. calens
wes e manni om Spain and Po ugal and S. calens zimme manni om I aly (Fig. 20).
These axa a e sepa a ed by an a e age gene ic dis ance o 6.62%, wi h boo s ap suppo
o 100% o each clade. Bo h axa a e well-sepa a ed om S. cyanu um (Fig. 21A), by an
a e age o 6.68% o S. calens wes e manni and by 6.86% o S. calens zimme manni.
Though collec ed o e a la ge a ea om Po ugal o Sou h A ica, S. cyanu um shows low
in aspeci ic a iabili y, wi h a e age sepa a ion o 1.26% ( ange 0.47-1.89%). S ilbum
wes e manni s a . no . is, he e o e, es o ed o species s a us (Fig. 21B). Fo now, we
ollow he in e p e a ion o Linsenmaie ha ma e ial om Cen al Eu ope should be
e e ed o as S. calens zimme manni un il gene ic samples a e a ailable om Sibe ia, he
locus ypicus o S. calens s. s .
The specimens DNA ba coded and iden i ied in BOLD as S ilbum cyanu um om
Madagasca (MW983778 and MW983223) a e clea ly dis inc and ac ually belong o he
species S ilbum i ide Gué in-Méne ille, 1842, he sole and endemic Madagascan S ilbum
(Kimsey and Boha 1991). Addi ionally, samples om Aus alia iden i ied as ‘S. supe bum’
a e also clea ly dis inc . Howe e , he name ‘S ilbum supe bum’ is una ailable and i is
likely an inco ec spelling o S ilbum splendidum (Fab icius, 1775) ha has ecen ly been
used on online si es. The Aus alian S ilbum species is clea ly mo phologically di e en
om all o he known species, bu i s axonomic s a us has been con used. In li e a u e, i
has been commonly e e ed o as S. splendidium auc . o S. ame hys inum auc . The ype
o he i s axon p o ed o be mo phologically conspeci ic wi h S. cyanu um and
conside ed o be a subjec i e synonym by Kimsey and Boha (1991). The second was
Figu e 19.
Phylogene ic ee (neighbou -joining) o he Ch ysis splendidula g oup, based on he DNA
ba coding mi ochond ial COI gene agmen . Numbe s adjacen o b anches ep esen
boo s ap suppo ( alues o < 0.75 a e omi ed). The scale-ba indica es he % o sequence
di e gence.
32 Rosa P e al
also conside ed o be a subjec i e synonym o S. cyanu um by Kimsey and Boha (1991),
bu wo syn ypic specimens in London (Banks Collec ion, Na u al His o y Museum) belong
o a mo phological sepa a ed species, cha ac e ised by smalle size and sho mala
spaces. Since his axon is mo phologically and gene ically dis inc , we he e esu ec S.
ame hys inum (Fab icius, 1775) sp. esu . om i s p e ious synonymy wi h S. cyanu um.
We also designa e he e he lec o ype o Ch ysis ame hys ina Fab icius, 1775 wi h one o
he wo specimens housed in he Banks Collec ion.
Figu e 20.
Phylogene ic ee (neighbou -joining) o S ilbum species, based on he DNA ba coding
mi ochond ial COI gene agmen . Numbe s adjacen o b anches ep esen boo s ap suppo
( alues o < 0.75 a e omi ed). The scale-ba indica es he % o sequence di e gence.
Figu e 21.
S ilbum species, do sal iew. A S ilbum cyanu um (Fo s e , 1771), male om Po ugal,
Odemi a; B S ilbum wes e manni Dahlbom, 1845, emale om Spain, Malaga.
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 33
Pa nopes sp.
The gene ic sequence o his Pa nopes specimen is s ongly sepa a ed om he sequence
o P. g andio om I aly by an a e age o 8.71% (Fig. 22). I is close o a P. unicolo
sequence om Mo occo, bu is s ill sepa a ed by 5.18%. Taken oge he , his axon and
Pa nopes unicolo o m a clade wi h boo s ap suppo o 89%, s ongly sepa a ed om he
P. g andio clade ha has boo s ap suppo o 100%.
The disco e y o ano he Pa nopes species in he Ibe ian Peninsula is no so su p ising as
i seems, e en hough a name cu en ly canno be con iden ly assigned o his axon. In
ecen yea s, a new species om Sa dinia, Pa nopes linsenmaie i Agnoli, 1995 (desc ibed
as subspecies o Pa nopes g andio ) was desc ibed and ano he species was ound
h ough DNA ba coding Bulga ian specimens (BOLD, unpublished sequences). Howe e ,
se e al new species o Wes Palea c ic Pa nopes will be desc ibed in an upcoming
e ision. These species ha e been o e looked because, classically, only h ee species
we e conside ed o be alid in he Wes Palea c ic: Pa nopes g andio (known om Eu ope
o cen al Asia), P. unicolo (no he n A ica) and P. glasunowi (wes e n Asia o cen al Asia)
and specimens we e iden i ied, in pa , based on he collec ing locali y and, in pa , on body
colou a ion. In his sense, all he a ia ions and subspecies o P. g andio we e conside ed
o be only colou a ia ion (Kimsey and Boha 1991). The Po uguese emale ba coded
may be ela ed o Pa nopes ma okkanus T au mann, 1927, a axon no men ioned by
Kimsey and Boha (1991), Linsenmaie (1959), Linsenmaie (1968), Linsenmaie (1997b)
and Linsenmaie (1999). In any case, many mo e gene ic sequences and analyses a e
needed o unde s and he limi s o a iabili y wi hin his genus. In ac , colou a ion is s ill
seemingly e y a iable wi hin popula ions, bu could also ep esen he p esence o alid
sibling species.
Figu e 22.
Phylogene ic ee (neighbou -joining) o Pa nopes species, based on he DNA ba coding
mi ochond ial COI gene agmen . Numbe s adjacen o b anches ep esen boo s ap suppo
( alues o < 0.75 a e omi ed). The scale-ba indica es he % o sequence di e gence.
34 Rosa P e al
New addi ions o he Po uguese auna
Thanks o his ba coding p ojec , we analysed and added o he i s ime he ollowing
axa o he lis o he Po uguese species:
Hedych idium capu au eum T au mann & T au mann, 1919
Hedych idium cup i ibiale Linsenmaie , 1987
Hedych idium se illanum Linsenmaie , 1968
Holopyga as uosa Lucas, 1849
Holopyga ju inei sensu Linsenmaie 1959
Ch ysis cas illana du Buysson, 1894
Ch ysis ce as es Abeille de Pe in, 1877
Ch ysis inspe a a Che ie , 1870
Ch ysis c ossi Rosa, sp. no .
S ilbum wes e manni Dahlbom, 1845
Acknowledgemen s
The p esen wo k was unded by he p ojec NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000063, suppo ed
by No e Po ugal Regional Ope a ional P og amme (NORTE2020), unde he PORTUGAL
2020 Pa ne ship Ag eemen , h ough he Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund (ERDF).
InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e is co- unded by he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 Resea ch
and Inno a ion P og amme unde g an ag eemen No 668981 and he p ojec PORBIOTA
—Po uguese E-In as uc u e o In o ma ion and Resea ch on Biodi e si y
(POCI-01-0145- FEDER-022127), suppo ed by Ope a ional Thema ic P og am o
Compe i i eness and In e na ionaliza ion (POCI), unde he PORTUGAL 2020 Pa ne ship
Ag eemen , h ough he Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund (FEDER) and by Ho izon
Eu ope unde he Biodi e si y, Ci cula Economy and En i onmen call (REA.B.3); co-
unded by he Swiss S a e Sec e a ia o Educa ion, Resea ch and Inno a ion (SERI)
unde con ac numbe 22.00173; and by he UK Resea ch and Inno a ion unde he
Depa men o Business, Ene gy and Indus ial S a egy’s Ho izon Eu ope Gua an ee
Scheme. SF and VM we e unded by he FCT h ough he p og amme ‘S imulus o
Scien i ic Employmen , Indi idual Suppo —3 d Edi ion’ 2020.03526.CEECIND;
2020.02547.CEECIND). JV was unded by a PhD g an (SFRH/BD/133159/2017) om
FCT. PR is suppo ed by he EU P ojec ORBIT (DG En 09.029901/2021/848268/SER/
ENV.D.2). TJW is suppo ed by an F.R.S.-FNRS ellowship “Cha gé de eche ches”. We
hank Villu Soon (Ta u, Es onia) and Juho Paukkunen (Helsinki, Finland) o e iewing he
manusc ip .
The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 35
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The InBIO Ba coding Ini ia i e Da abase: con ibu ion o he knowledge ... 39
Supplemen a y ma e ials
Suppl. ma e ial 1: IBI - Hymenop e a 02 Ch ysididae lib a y - Specimen de ails
Au ho s: Paolo Rosa, Thomas Wood, Sónia Fe ei a
Da a ype: Specimen da a eco ds
B ie desc ip ion: The ile includes in o ma ion abou all eco ds in BOLD o he IBI -
Hymenop e a 02 lib a y. I con ains collec ing and iden i ica ion da a. The da a a e as downloaded
om BOLD in he s o ma , wi hou u he p ocessing.
Download ile (50.35 kb)
Suppl. ma e ial 2: IBI - Hymenop e a 02 Ch ysididae lib a y - Specimen de ails
Au ho s: Paolo Rosa, Thomas Wood, Sónia Fe ei a
Da a ype: Specimen da a eco ds
B ie desc ip ion: The ile includes in o ma ion abou all eco ds in BOLD o he IBI -
Hymenop e a 02 lib a y. I con ains collec ing and iden i ica ion da a. The da a a e as downloaded
om BOLD in he DWC o ma , wi hou u he p ocessing.
Download ile (50.35 kb)
Suppl. ma e ial 3: IBI - Hymenop e a 02 Ch ysididae lib a y - DNA sequences
Au ho s: Paolo Rosa, Thomas Wood, Sónia Fe ei a
Da a ype: Genomic da a, DNA sequences
B ie desc ip ion: COI sequences in as a o ma . Each sequence is iden i ied by he BOLD
P ocessID, species name, ma ke and GenBank accession numbe , sepa a ed by pipe. The da a
a e as downloaded om BOLD.
Download ile (99.27 kb)
40 Rosa P e al
