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UDC: 581.1:631.524.85:504
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE IN APRICOT
VARIETIES GROWING ALONG HIGHWAYS IN THE TASHKENT
REGION AND SELECTION OF RESISTANT VARIETIES
Xu amo Sobi jon., Nosi o a Nilu a Kabuljano na
Tashken s a e ag a ian uni e si y. Email: [email p o ec ed]
Za ipbae a Aziza Aza bay qizi., Tu imbe o Mu a bay Shamshe o ich
Ka akalpaks an ins i u e o ag icul u e and ag o echnologies
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17536776
Anno a ion: This s udy in es iga es he accumula ion o hea y me als, pa icula ly lead
ionium and cadmium ionium, in ap ico a ie ies g owing along highways in he Tashken egion
and e alua es hei physiological and biochemical ole ance le els. The esea ch assessed he
deg ee o me al abso p ion in lea es and ui s, as well as s ess- ela ed biochemical ma ke s
such as chlo ophyll con en and an ioxidan ac i i y. The esul s e ealed se e al ap ico
geno ypes wi h high esis ance and low me al accumula ion abili y. The s udy p o ides a
scien i ic basis o de eloping e icien selec ion and b eeding s a egies o ob ain me al- ole an
and en i onmen ally sa e ap ico a ie ies, which play an impo an ole in ensu ing ood sa e y
and p omo ing sus ainable ag icul u al p oduc ion in ecologically s essed egions.
Key wo ds: ap ico , hea y me als, ole ance, selec ion, ood sa e y, Tashken egion.
In oduc ion. Food sa e y and en i onmen al sus ainabili y ha e become
key p io i ies in mode n ag icul u e, especially in egions exposed o
an h opogenic pollu ion. One o he c i ical en i onmen al challenges is he
accumula ion o hea y me als such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in ag icul u al
soils and c ops nea highways and indus ial a eas. These me als en e he soil–
plan sys em h ough ehicle emissions, indus ial was e, and con amina ed
i iga ion wa e . Once abso bed by plan s, hey can accumula e in edible pa s,
posing se ious isks o human heal h h ough he ood chain. Ap ico (P unus
a meniaca L.), one o he mos widely cul i a ed ui c ops in Uzbekis an, is
highly alued o i s nu i ional and economic impo ance. Howe e , ap ico ees
g owing nea busy highways a e ulne able o en i onmen al con amina ion,
which a ec s no only ui quali y bu also he sa e y o ood p oduc s.
In he Tashken egion, apid u baniza ion and inc eased a ic densi y ha e
in ensi ied he deposi ion o hea y me als in ag icul u al a eas. Hea y me als such
as Pb and Cd a e non-biodeg adable and can pe sis in he soil o decades,
g adually accumula ing in plan s. Long- e m exposu e o hese me als leads o
physiological s ess in plan s, esul ing in educed pho osyn hesis, al e ed enzyme
ac i i y, and impai ed ui de elopmen . The e o e, assessing he hea y me al
106
con en in ap ico ui s and iden i ying ole an geno ypes is o g ea scien i ic and
p ac ical impo ance. The s udy o physiological and biochemical esponses o
ap ico plan s unde me al s ess helps de e mine he mechanisms o esis ance and
suppo s he de elopmen o eco-sa e and high-yielding a ie ies.
Mode n plan selec ion (b eeding) p og ams inc easingly ocus on c ea ing
a ie ies esis an o en i onmen al s ess ac o s, including hea y me als. Such an
app oach ensu es he p oduc ion o sa e and high-quali y ui s while main aining
ecological balance. Selec ion o ole an geno ypes equi es de ailed analysis o he
plan s’ physiological, biochemical, and mo phological ai s. In his s udy, se e al
ap ico a ie ies g owing along highways in he Tashken egion we e examined o
e alua e hei hea y me al accumula ion po en ial and ole ance le els [1-5].
The ou comes o his s udy a e expec ed o con ibu e o he imp o emen o
en i onmen al moni o ing sys ems, suppo ood sa e y ini ia i es, and p o ide a
ounda ion o he b eeding o ecologically s able ap ico a ie ies. Fu he mo e,
iden i ying low-accumula ing geno ypes will help minimize he en y o oxic
elemen s in o he human die and p omo e he cul i a ion o ap ico a ie ies ha
a e bo h p oduc i e and en i onmen ally sa e.
Resul s and discussion. The s udy e ealed no able di e ences in he
accumula ion o hea y me als (Pb and Cd) among ap ico a ie ies collec ed om
di e en en i onmen al zones in he Tashken egion. Ap ico ui s and lea es
sampled om ees g owing along busy highways (Yangi Hayo and Zangio a)
con ained signi ican ly highe concen a ions o hea y me als compa ed o samples
om semi-u ban (Chi chiq) and u al con ol (Kib ay) a eas. These di e ences
we e s a is ically signi ican (p < 0.05) and demons a ed a clea co ela ion
be ween en i onmen al pollu ion in ensi y and me al accumula ion le els.
Ap ico ui s collec ed om highway-adjacen zones con ained up o 2.15
mg/kg o Pb and 0.41 mg/kg o Cd, while hose om u al con ol si es con ained
only 0.58 mg/kg o Pb and 0.09 mg/kg o Cd. Simila ends we e obse ed in lea
samples, con i ming ha a mosphe ic deposi ion and soil con amina ion om
ehicle emissions a e majo sou ces o hea y me als.
Biochemical analyses e ealed signi ican al e a ions in he physiological
s a us o plan s exposed o hea y me al s ess. Chlo ophyll a and b con en s
dec eased by 20–35% in samples om pollu ed zones, indica ing he inhibi ion o
pho osyn he ic ac i i y. In con as , o al soluble p o ein and an ioxidan enzyme
ac i i y (especially ca alase and pe oxidase) inc eased, sugges ing an adap i e
de ense mechanism agains oxida i e s ess. Ele a ed malondialdehyde (MDA)
le els (up o 2.4 imes highe han con ol) u he con i med he occu ence o
lipid pe oxida ion caused by Pb and Cd oxici y.
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Table 1. Hea y me al con en (Pb and Cd) in ap ico ui s om di e en
loca ions o Tashken egion
№
Sampling si e
(loca ion)
Pb2+
(mg/kg)
Cd2+
(mg/kg)
Me al
accumula ion
le el
Plan esponse
ype
1
Highway zone
(Yangi Hayo )
2.15
0.41
High
Sensi i e
2
Nea highway
(Zangio a)
1.62
0.28
Mode a e
Semi- ole an
3
Semi-u ban
(Chi chiq)
1.09
0.19
Low
Tole an
4
Ru al con ol
(Kib ay)
0.58
0.09
Ve y low
Highly ole an
Summa y. The esul s o he esea ch showed ha ap ico a ie ies g own in
u al and semi-u ban a eas o he Tashken egion con ained signi ican ly lowe
le els o lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) compa ed o hose cul i a ed along busy
highways. The accumula ion o hea y me als was di ec ly ela ed o he p oximi y
o o cha ds o anspo ou es and indus ial zones.
Based on hese indings, ole an and low-accumula ing ap ico geno ypes
we e Based on he esul s, he Kib ay and Chi chiq ap ico geno ypes can be
ecommended as pa en al o ms in selec ion p og ams o de eloping me al-
ole an and ecologically sa e ap ico a ie ies. The in eg a ion o biochemical
sc eening and hea y me al analysis p o ides an e ec i e selec ion c i e ion o
u u e b eeding e o s aimed a sus ainable ui p oduc ion and ood sa e y in
pollu ed en i onmen s. Li e a u e:
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исследования в современной науке, 1(17), 263-267.
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