T opical plan genome sequencing is al eady unde way in B azil
Alessand o M. Va ani1, Douglas S. Domingues2, Alexand e Aleixo3, Amanda Vidal3, Ana Ma ia
Benko-Iseppon4, And ea Ped osa Ha and5, Bianca Baccili Zano o Vigna6, B uno Cesa Rossini7,
Ca olina Ca alho3, Celso Luis Ma ino8, Dama es de Cas o Mon e9, Daniela Ma ias de Ca alho
Bi encou 10, Diego Mau icio Riaño Pachón11, Felipe Rod igues da Sil a9, F ancisco P osdocimi12,
Geo gios Pappas J 13, Guilhe me Oli ei a3, Isabel Rod igues Ge ha d 9, Ka ina Ma ins14, Leila do
Nascimen o Viei a15, Ma co Pessoa-Filho16, Ma ia Imaculada Zucchi17, Ma ia Lucia Ca nei o
Viei a2, Ma iana Cab al de Oli ei a18, Ma iana Pi es de Campos Telles19,20, Ma io Luiz Teixei a de
Mo aes21, Mau icio Wa anabe3, Na oniel F anklin de Melo22, Paula Kuse -Falcão9, Rena o M.
Mo ei a-Oli ei a3, Rica do A. Dan e9, Rosana Pe ei a Vianello23, San elmo Vasconcelos3, Sibelle
Vilaça3, Syl ia Mo ais de Sousa Tinoco24, Thannya Nascimen o Soa es25, Valdi Ma cos S e enon26,
Vinícius A. C. Ab eu27, Vi o F. O. Mi anda28, Vi o T inca1, Cla isse Palma-Sil a29, Ma ie-Anne
Van Sluys18*
1 Depa men o Ag icul u al and En i onmen al Bio echnology, School o Ag icul u al and Ve e ina y Sciences
(FCAV), São Paulo S a e Uni e si y (UNESP), Jabo icabal, B azil.
2 Depa men o Gene ics, Luiz de Quei oz College o Ag icul u e (ESALQ), Uni e si y o São Paulo (USP),
Pi acicaba, São Paulo, B azil.
3 Vale Ins i u e o Technology (ITV), Belém, Pa á, B azil.
4 Gene ics Depa men , Cen e o Biosciences, Fede al Uni e si y o Pe nambuco (UFPE), Reci e, Pe nambuco,
B azil.
5 Depa men o Bo any, Biosciences Cen e , Fede al Uni e si y o Pe nambuco (UFPE), Reci e, Pe nambuco, B azil.
6 Emb apa Sou heas e n Li es ock, São Ca los, São Paulo, B azil.
7 Depa men o Biop ocesses and Bio echnology, Facul y o Ag icul u al Sciences (FCA), São Paulo S a e
Uni e si y (UNESP), Bo uca u, São Paulo, B azil.
8 Depa men O Gene ics, Mic obiology and Immunology, Bio echnology Ins i u e (IBTEC), São Paulo S a e
Uni e si y (UNESP), Bo uca u, São Paulo, B azil.
9 Emb apa Digi al Ag icul u e, Campinas, São Paulo, B azil.
10 Emb apa Gene ic Resou ces & Bio echnology, B asília, B azil.
11 Cen e o Nuclea Ene gy in Ag icul u e (CENA), Uni e si y o São Paulo (USP), Pi acicaba, São Paulo, B azil.
12 Ins i u e o Medical Biochemis y, Fede al Uni e si y o Rio de Janei o (UFRJ), Rio de Janei o, B azil.
13 Depa men o Cell Biology, Uni e si y o B asília (UnB), B asília, B azil.
14 Depa men o Biology, Fede al Uni e si y o São Ca los (UFSCa ), B azil.
15 Depa men o Bo any, Fede al Uni e si y o Pa aná (UFPR), Cu i iba, Pa aná, B azil.
16 Emb apa Gene ic Resou ces & Bio echnology, B asília, DF, B azil.
17 Sec e a ia o Ag icul u e and Food Supply o São Paulo S a e (APTA) Pi acicaba, São Paulo, B azil.
18 Depa men o Bo any, Ins i u e o Biosciences (IB), Uni e si y o São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, B azil.
19 Cen e o Excellence in Gene ics and Genomics, Pon i ical Ca holic Uni e si y o Goiás (PUC), Goiânia, Goiás,
B azil.
20 Labo a ó io de Gené ica & Biodi e sidade, Fede al Uni e si y o Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, B azil.
21 Facul y o Enginee ing, São Paulo S a e Uni e si y (UNESP), Ilha Sol ei a, São Paulo, B azil.
22 Emb apa Semi-A id Region, Pe olina, Pe nambuco, B azil.
23 Emb apa Rice & Beans, San o An ônio de Goiás, Goiás, B azil.
24 Emb apa Maize & So ghum, Se e Lagoas, Minas Ge ais, B azil.
25 Labo a ó io de Gené ica & Biodi e sidade, Ins i u e o Biological Sciences I, Fede al Uni e si y o Goiás (UFG),
Goiânia, Goiás, B azil.
26 Depa men o Plan Sciences, Fede al Uni e si y o San a Ca a ina (UFSC), Flo ianópolis, San a Ca a ina, B azil.
27 Labo a ó io de Bioin o má ica e Compu ação de Al o Desempenho (LaBioCad), Faculdade de Compu ação
(FACOMP), Fede al Uni e si y o Pa á (UFPA), Belém, Pa á, B azil.
28 Depa men o Biology, School o Ag icul u al and Ve e ina y Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo S a e Uni e si y
(UNESP), Jabo icabal, São Paulo, B azil.
29 Depa men o Plan Biology, Ins i u e o Biology, Uni e si y o Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo,
B azil.
*Co esponding au ho : [email p o ec ed]
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17536760
Abs ac
Bedoya, Zapa a and Sanín (2025) u ge he inclusion o opical plan s in genome sequencing. We
ag ee, emphasizing ha his ans o ma ion is al eady unde way in B azil h ough coo dina ed,
locally led ini ia i es deli e ing ch omosome-scale assemblies. Aligned wi h he Ea h BioGenome
P ojec and he Kunming–Mon eal Global Biodi e si y F amewo k, hese e o s build equi able
collabo a ions and capaci y, exempli ying how opical plan genomics can ad ance om he
Global Sou h.
Main Tex
Bedoya, Zapa a, and Sanín¹ highligh a c i ical gap in plan genome sequencing: he
unde ep esen a ion o opical species, despi e hei ecological, cul u al, and global ele ance. We
ag ee, and emphasize ha in B azil—one o he wo ld’s mos megadi e se coun ies— opical plan
genomics is apidly ma u ing, wi h coo dina ed, locally led e o s al eady p oducing high-quali y,
ch omosome-scale assemblies.
Ac oss uni e si ies (e.g., he CBioClima ini ia i e²), s a e-owned companies and ins i u es (e.g.,
Emb apa and ICMBio), and p i a e pa ne s (e.g., Ins i u o Tecnológico Vale, h ough he GBB
conso ium³), g oups a e ac ing on hese p io i ies: sequencing hype dominan and endange ed
species om Amazonian o es s and o he biomes, alongside cul u al keys ones and c ops ha
sus ain biodi e si y and local li elihoods. Mos p ojec s align wi h Ea h BioGenome P ojec (EBP)
ecommenda ions and a e led by B azil-based eams; impo an ly, se e al a e in eg a ing genomic,⁴
ecological, physiological, and emo e-sensing da a o connec genes, ai s, and ecosys em p ocesses
—exac ly he ansla ional a c he communi y needs.
These e o s also ope a ionalize he Kunming–Mon eal Global Biodi e si y F amewo k
(KMGBF) by gene a ing genomic baselines and building egional capaci y h ough equi able,
locally ancho ed collabo a ions (Ta ge s 4 and 20)5,6, while add essing he his o ical pa e n
whe eby opical genomes we e o en sequenced ou side hei coun ies o o igin , and di ec ly⁷
ad ance he call by Bedoya e al. o inclusi e opical genomics.
Momen um ac oss B azilian biomes
Examples ac oss he majo biomes illus a e his p og ess (Figu e 1). Addi ionally, se e al
B azilian-led p ojec s a ge non-na i e o model species, mos ly ag icul u e-o ien ed wi h a ocus
on b eeding and clima e-change adap a ion8. No ably, wen y-six ongoing p ojec s on na i e axa
ha e al eady eached ch omosome scale, which will mo e han iple he numbe o B azilian-led
opical plan genomes. These p ojec s span ui ees and palms; mo ning glo ies, o chids and
b omeliads; ha dwoods and medicinal plan s; c ops; o age g asses ele an o angeland
es o a ion; coni e s and ma ine and eshwa e algae. By linking genomic esou ces o adi ional
knowledge, local li elihoods, conse a ion, ca bon s o age, and clima e esilience, hese ini ia i es
p o ide ac ionable ools o an icipa e opical biodi e si y esponses o apid en i onmen al change
—mo ing beyond a s ic “c op s. non-c op” aming ha poo ly i s he opics and ex ending he
o um opened by Bedoya e al. None heless, a ailable e e ence genomes, and popula ion-scale
da ase s s ill unde ep esen biodi e si y ac oss B azilian biomes (e.g., species na i e o he
Pan anal we lands emain un ep esen ed, despi e axa om o he biomes).
Pa h o wa d
Ad ancing om he e will equi e na ionally coo dina ed p og ammes ancho ed in he Global Sou h,
clea access-and-bene i -sha ing (ABS) a angemen s, and sus ained in es men in people and
in as uc u e o ensu e egional scien i ic leade ship—impe a i es ha mi o upda ed EBP
p io i ies on equi able pa ne ships, wo k o ce de elopmen , and coo dina ion a scale9. T opical
plan genomics in B azil has ma u ed in o an es ablished ield, d i ing inno a ion and in o ming
policy amewo ks. A ib an , locally led communi y is consolida ing, capaci y o long- e m
p og ess is being buil , and many sequencing p ojec s a e nea ing publica ion, ad ancing alignmen
wi h he KMGBF and he EBP. Endo sing and adequa ely esou cing B azilian-led ini ia i es would
di ec ly ad ance he agenda a icula ed by Bedoya e al. and help accele a e deli e y o a uly
global, equi able e e ence lib a y o opical plan genomes.
Acknowledgemen s
The B azilian Plan Genomes Da abase is hos ed and suppo ed by he Cen e o Scien i ic
Compu ing (NCC/G idUNESP), São Paulo S a e Uni e si y (UNESP).
Compe ing in e es s
The au ho s decla e no compe ing in e es s.
Re e ences
1. Bedoya, A. M., Zapa a, F. & Sanín, M. J. Plan genome sequencing needs o go opical.
Na . Re . Biodi e s. 1–2 (2025) doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00083-4.
2. Cen e o Resea ch on Biodi e si y Dynamics and Clima e Change (CBioClima). A ailable
a h ps://www.cbioclima.o g/en (2025)
3. Ins i u o Tecnológico Vale (ITV). Genomics o he B azilian Biodi e si y (GBB). ITV &
ICMBio ini ia i e o map genomes o B azilian lo a and auna; 80 e e ence genomes,
1,000 popula ion genomes, and 1,600 ba codes a ge ed by 2027. A ailable a
h ps://www.i .o g/en/genomics-o - he-b azilian-biodi e si y-gbb/ (2025)
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5. Robuchon, M. e al. Conse ing species’ e olu iona y po en ial and his o y: oppo uni ies
unde he Kunming–Mon eal Global Biodi e si y F amewo k. Conse . Sci. P ac . 5,
e12929 (2023).
6. Vilaça, S. T. e al. Le e aging genomes o suppo conse a ion and bioeconomy policies in
a megadi e se coun y. Cell Genom 4, 100678 (2024).
7. Ma ks, R. A., Ho aling, S., F andsen, P. B. & VanBu en, R. Rep esen a ion and
pa icipa ion ac oss 20 yea s o plan genome sequencing. Na . Plan s 7, 1571–1578 (2021).
8. Va ani AM. B azilian Plan Genomes Da abase. A ailable a
h ps://plan genomics.ncc.unesp.b /B azil_Plan _Genomes (2025)
9. Blax e , M. e al. The Ea h BioGenome P ojec Phase II: illumina ing he euka yo ic ee o
li e. F on Sci 3, (2025).
Figu e Legend
Figu e 1. T opical plan genome sequencing ini ia i es in B azil. The map is s a i ied by biome,
ma king he p ima y biome o o igin o each na i e species (a species may occu in mul iple
biomes, bu only i s p ima y biome is shown he e) and highligh ing only B azilian-led ini ia i es
and emaining gaps— ein o cing calls o coo dina ed unding, ai ABS, and local capaci y
building, as emphasized by Bedoya e al. An in e ac i e e sion o he map is a ailable a
h ps://plan genomics.ncc.unesp.b /B azil_Plan _Genomes
