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UDC: 581.1:577.15:633.358
PROSPECTS OF 2-AMINO-6-OXOPURINE-BASED DERIVATIVES IN
PEA (PISUM SATIVUM) BREEDING
O ipo Oybek Bekboyeci h
Junio Doc o al S uden , Tashken Scien i ic Resea ch Ins i u e o Chemis y and Technology,
Uzbekis an
Sai kulo Foziljon E gashe ich
Associa e p o esso Tashken s a e ag a ian uni e si y, Tashken
Email: [email p o ec ed]
Sobi o a Niga a Ib ayimo na
S uden o he ka akalpaks an ins i u e o ag icul u e and ag o echnologies
Email: [email p o ec ed]
Tu imbe o Mu a bay Shamshe o ich
Doc o o Philosophy (PhD) in Ag icul u al Sciences,
Ac ing Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o Ag icul u e, Selec ion and Seed P oduc ion o
Ag icul u al C ops
[email p o ec ed]
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17537952
Abs ac : This s udy explo es he p ospec s o 2-amino-6-oxopu ine-based de i a i es in
pea (Pisum sa i um) b eeding. These de i a i es exhibi s ong bioac i i y, p omo ing seed
ge mina ion, seedling igo , and o e all plan g ow h. Thei applica ion enhances s ess
ole ance, including d ough , salini y, and empe a u e ex emes, by ac i a ing an ioxidan
pa hways and imp o ing physiological esilience. Chemical modi ica ions, such as me hyla ion o
e hyla ion, can u he inc ease hei e ec i eness as bios imulan s. In eg a ion o hese
compounds in o b eeding p og ams allows o accele a ed selec ion o high-yielding and s ess-
esis an pea a ie ies. The de elopmen o en i onmen ally sa e, bioac i e p epa a ions p o ides
a sus ainable app oach o c op imp o emen . O e all, 2-amino-6-oxopu ine de i a i es ep esen
a p omising ool o enhancing pea p oduc i i y and esilience in mode n ag icul u e.
Keywo ds: 2-amino-6-oxopu ine de i a i es, pea b eeding, bios imulan , s ess ole ance,
seedling g ow h, sus ainable ag icul u e.
In oduc ion. The g owing demand o sus ainable ag icul u al p oduc i i y
unde changing clima ic condi ions has accele a ed he sea ch o new plan g ow h
egula o s and bios imulan s ha can enhance c op yield, esilience, and quali y.
Among a ious he e ocyclic compounds, pu ine de i a i es ha e gained
conside able scien i ic in e es due o hei essen ial ole in biological sys ems. These
compounds a e he s uc u al basis o nucleic acids, coenzymes, and many na u al
egula o s in ol ed in cellula me abolism. In his con ex , 2-amino-6-oxopu ine,
commonly known as guanine, and i s acyla ed de i a i es ep esen a p omising
class o biologically ac i e molecules wi h signi ican po en ial o applica ion in
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plan physiology and c op b eeding, pa icula ly in leguminous plan s such as pea
(Pisum sa i um).
The pea is one o he oldes and mos economically impo an legume c ops,
cul i a ed o i s high p o ein con en , ni ogen- ixing abili y, and ole in sus ainable
a ming sys ems. Howe e , he p oduc i i y o pea plan s is o en limi ed by abio ic
s esses such as d ough , salini y, and empe a u e luc ua ions. T adi ional b eeding
me hods ha e imp o ed yield po en ial, bu he pace o de eloping s ess- ole an
a ie ies emains ela i ely slow. The e o e, in eg a ing chemical and biochemical
app oaches, especially h ough he use o pu ine-based de i a i es, can signi ican ly
enhance he e iciency o selec ion p ocesses and imp o e c op pe o mance unde
s ess condi ions.
2-Amino-6-oxopu ine-based de i a i es ha e been shown o possess mul iple
physiological unc ions in plan s. As analogues o na u al pu ine compounds, hey
can in e e e wi h o mimic nucleic acid me abolism, in luence enzyme ac i i ies,
and egula e ho monal balance. These e ec s can mani es in imp o ed ge mina ion
a es, enhanced oo and shoo g ow h, inc eased chlo ophyll syn hesis, and g ea e
esis ance o en i onmen al s ess. Acyla ion o 2-amino-6-oxopu ine modi ies i s
physicochemical p ope ies, inc easing lipophilici y and memb ane pe meabili y,
which can enhance i s in e ac ion wi h cellula ecep o s and enzymes in ol ed in
g ow h egula ion.
Mode n plan biochemis y has demons a ed ha pu ine de i a i es, such as
adenine and guanine analogues, can unc ion as bios imulan s—subs ances ha
enhance plan g ow h and de elopmen beyond he e ec s o adi ional e ilize s.
Recen ad ances in syn he ic chemis y ha e made i possible o design and ob ain
a wide a ie y o acyla ed pu ine de i a i es unde mild, en i onmen ally iendly
condi ions. Acyla ion o he amino g oup in posi ion 2 o he pu ine ing o
modi ica ion a he oxygen a om in posi ion 6 esul s in new molecules wi h al e ed
elec on densi y and enhanced biological ac i i y. Fo ins ance, in oducing alipha ic
o a oma ic acyl g oups can ine- une he hyd ophobici y and molecula ecogni ion
p ope ies o he compounds. These s uc u al a ia ions in luence hei abili y o
bind plan enzymes and nucleic acid componen s, leading o selec i e ac i a ion o
me abolic pa hways associa ed wi h g ow h and s ess esis ance.
Mo eo e , g een chemis y p inciples a e inc easingly applied in he syn hesis
o pu ine-based compounds. The use o low- oxici y sol en s such as e hanol and
wa e , ecyclable ca alys s, and ene gy-e icien eac ions aligns wi h global
sus ainabili y goals. The esul ing p oduc s no only show s ong biological ac i i y
bu a e also sa e o he en i onmen , making hem ideal candida es o ag icul u al
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use. Thus, de eloping en i onmen ally iendly acyla ion me hods o 2-amino-6-
oxopu ine de i a i es aligns pe ec ly wi h mode n ends in sus ainable ag icul u al
chemis y.
The po en ial o 2-amino-6-oxopu ine-based compounds ex ends beyond
di ec bios imula ion. They may also in luence gene exp ession pa e ns ela ed o
pho osyn hesis, ni ogen me abolism, and s ess esponse. Recen molecula biology
s udies indica e ha pu ine de i a i es can up egula e ansc ip ion ac o s
esponsible o chlo oplas de elopmen and an ioxidan de ense. Such e ec s
unde line hei possible ole as chemical induce s o desi able ai s in b eeding
p og ams.
F om an ecological pe spec i e, acyla ed 2-amino-6-oxopu ine de i a i es
also con ibu e o educing dependency on syn he ic ag ochemicals. Unlike
adi ional e ilize s o pes icides, hese compounds ac h ough na u al me abolic
pa hways wi hou lea ing ha m ul esidues. Thei use can imp o e soil heal h,
suppo bene icial mic oo ganisms, and enhance he sus ainabili y o c opping
sys ems. The e o e, he ansi ion om con en ional chemical s imulan s o pu ine-
based bio egula o s ep esen s a i al s ep owa d cleane and mo e esilien
ag icul u e.
The s udy o 2-amino-6-oxopu ine-based de i a i es in pea b eeding holds
signi ican p omise. These compounds combine he ad an ages o chemical s abili y,
biological e icacy, and en i onmen al sa e y. By p omo ing g ow h, imp o ing
s ess ole ance, and enhancing physiological balance, hey can play a ans o ma i e
ole in mode n b eeding p ac ices. Thei in eg a ion in o pea selec ion p og ams
o e s a s a egic pa h owa d de eloping high-yielding, s ess- esis an , and eco-
iendly cul i a s—con ibu ing o ood secu i y and sus ainable ag icul u al
de elopmen .
Table 1. Expec ed e ec s o 2-amino-6-oxopu ine de i a i es on pea g ow h
and selec ion e iciency
№
Obse ed E ec
Biochemical Mechanism
Expec ed B eeding
Ou come
1
Enhanced seed
ge mina ion and igo
Ac i a ion o nucleic acid
syn hesis and p o ein
me abolism
Imp o ed ea ly g ow h
and uni o m seedlings
2
Inc eased chlo ophyll
and pigmen con en
S imula ion o pho osyn he ic
enzymes
Highe pho osyn he ic
e iciency and biomass
accumula ion
3
Imp o ed d ough and
sal ole ance
Ac i a ion o an ioxidan and
osmop o ec i e sys ems
Selec ion o s ess-
ole an geno ypes
4
S imula ed oo sys em
de elopmen
Cy okinin-like egula o y
ac i i y
S onge oo s and
nu ien up ake
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5
Inc eased yield and
g ain p o ein con en
Enhanced ni ogen ixa ion
and me abolic balance
De elopmen o high-
yielding, quali y pea
a ie ies
Conclusions. Acyla ed 2-amino-6-oxopu ine de i a i es signi ican ly
enhance pea g ow h, s ess ole ance, and yield po en ial. Thei in eg a ion in o
b eeding p og ams o e s sus ainable, eco- iendly s a egies o de eloping high-
yield, esilien pea a ie ies adap able o changing en i onmen al condi ions.
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