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THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DEVELOPING MUSEUM
TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN
Y.P. U unbaye a1, S. Ak amo a2, S. Qu ono a3, L. Haz a qulo a4, Sh. Ne’ma o a5
Scien i ic supe iso , SamISI, PhD, docen 1
Sama kand Ins i u e o Economics and Se ice he S uden s o he Facul y o Se ice, Majo ing
in Logis ics, G oup Log-3242,3,4,5
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17529648
Abs ac . The a icle is de o ed o he analysis o da a subs an ia ing he economic
e iciency o o ganising and de eloping museum ou ism in Uzbekis an. Recommenda ions a e
p o ided on he ex ensi e implemen a ion o expe iences whe eby hese museums o e museum
ou ism se ices o local and o eign ou is s.
Keywo ds: he i age agency, s a egic plan, Lou e in he dese , museum icke , exhibi ,
exhibi ion, inno a i e echnology.
Nowadays, he e a e mo e han 1,200 s a e and non-s a e museums in ou coun y in a ious
ields. As o Janua y 1, 2024, 140 museums in Uzbekis an a e unde he managemen o he
Minis y o Cul u e o he Republic o Uzbekis anWi hin he sys em o he Agency o Cul u al
He i age, a o al o 104 museums and hei b anches a e ope a ing. O hese, 37 a e main museums
and 67 a e b anches. A o al o 2,223 employees a e wo king he e.
The ac i i ies o he i e s onges museums in Uzbekis an a e highligh ed. When
de e mining he economic e iciency o o ganizing and de eloping museum ou ism, due o he
lack o long- e m s a is ical da a o some museums, we p esen he long- e m pe o mance esul s
o he i e s onges and in e na ionally ecognized museums in Uzbekis an (Table 1).
Table (1) p esen s he esul s o he ac i i ies o he I. V. Sa i sky Ka akalpaks an A
Museum o e he pas en yea s. Ame icans and Eu opeans e e o his museum as he “Sa i sky
Museum – Lou e in he Dese ,” and he amous B i ish Newspape The Gua dian in 2001 called
i “The mos ema kable museum in he wo ld.”
The en ance icke o local esiden s is 11,000 UZS o iew he exhibi s in one building
and 18,000 UZS o iew exhibi s in wo buildings. Fo o eigne s, i is 48,000 UZS o one building
and 72,000 UZS o wo buildings. I o eign ou is s o m a g oup o a leas 20 people and eques
a guide se ice in English, he cos is 80,000 UZS o one building and 160,000 UZS o wo
buildings.
Acco ding o he able da a, he numbe o museum s a inc eased om 93 o 159
(170.96%). The numbe o local ou is s inc eased om he ini ial 100,652 o 188,607 in 2018
(187.38%) and o 124,542 in 2019 (123.73%) be o e he pandemic began. F om his pe iod, he
numbe o local isi o s dec eased, eaching 47,146 in 2024 (46.84%).
This decline can be unde s ood as a esul o museum s a ocusing mo e on wo king wi h
o eign ou is s. Local isi o s o en ha e o wai while o eign ou is s a e being se ed in he
museum halls. The numbe o o eign isi o s inc eased e en du ing he pandemic: in 2019, he e
we e 14,737 o eign ou is s (g ow h 286.99%), and in 2020, he lowes igu e was 383 o eign
ou is s (7.45%). In subsequen yea s, o eign isi o numbe s ose, eaching 17,307 in 2024
(g ow h 337.03%). The in e es o he museum in ecei ing o eign ou is s can be explained by
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he high icke p ices o en y. Secondly, he museum’s in e na ional ecogni ion has been ising
s eadily.
Table 1
Changes in museum ou ism se ices o ou is s a he I. V. Sa i sky Ka akalpaks an S a e
A Museum du ing 2015–2024
In ecen yea s, he museum has been ecognized as he mos p o i able museum among
museums in Uzbekis an. I s o al e enue in 2024 amoun ed o 1,656,124,712 UZS (g ow h
576.06%). The inc ease in o eign ou is low is a posi i e ac o . Howe e , he museum
adminis a ion needs o de elop plans o inc ease he low o local ou is s and me hods o se e
local and o eign ou is s unde equal condi ions.
The second mos p o i able museum in Uzbekis an is he S a e Museum o His o y o
Uzbekis an (Table 2). I s ecep ion o local and o eign ou is s is almos iden ical o he p e ious
able (I. V. Sa i sky Museum). The low o local ou is s inc eased un il 2019 (132,804 ou is s in
2018, 122.92%). The lowes a endance o local ou is s was obse ed in 2020 (18,420 ou is s, -
17.04%), and in subsequen yea s, local ou is lows ha e been dec easing. In 2023, he museum
inc eased local ou is ecep ion o 99,714 (92.29%), bu in he ollowing yea , he low o local
ou is s signi ican ly dec eased (70,532 ou is s, 65.28%).
Acco ding o he able da a, he museum has main ained a s eady low o o eign ou is s.
The low o o eign ou is s was 12,194 in 2015 (100.00%) and 12,866 in 2024 (105.51%).
Museum e enue only dec eased in 2020–2021. O e he pas en yea s, he highes e enue was
in 2023 – 1,666,506,900 UZS (g ow h 1,410.57%), while in 2024 i was 1,033,339,500 UZS
(g ow h -874.64%).
A he ini ia i e o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an and based on inno a i e
echnologies, he “Vic o y Pa k” memo ial complex and he “Glo y and Hono ” S a e Museum
we e es ablished o immo alize he unpa alleled cou age o he Uzbek people du ing Wo ld Wa
II. Thei exposi ions showcase he b a e y, pe se e ance, and high human quali ies demons a ed
by ou people du ing he wa yea s and se e o educa e he younge gene a ion in he spi i o
loyal y o he Mo he land.
The changes in museum ou ism se ices o ou is s a he “Vic o y Pa k” memo ial
complex and he “Glo y and Hono ” S a e Museum du ing 2020–2025 a e p esen ed in Table 3.
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Acco ding o he able da a, om he yea he museum was es ablished un il he p esen , bo h
domes ic and in e na ional ou is lows in museum ou ism ha e been s eadily inc easing.
Table 2
Changes in museum ou ism se ices o ou is s a he S a e
Museum o His o y o Uzbekis an du ing 2015–2024
In he i s yea o ope a ion, he museum ecei ed 126,574 local ou is s (100.00%), and
by 2024, 645,486 ou is s isi ed (509.96%). The numbe o o eign ou is s also inc eased, om
360 in 2020 (100.00%) o 4,637 in 2024 (1,288.05%).
A simila end can be obse ed in museum e enues. Ini ially, in 2020, he museum’s
e enue amoun ed o 216,723,000 UZS (100.00%), and in subsequen yea s, he e enue s eadily
inc eased, eaching 538,231,000 UZS in 2024 (248.34%).
The consis en g ow h in he ecep ion o domes ic and in e na ional ou is s is
unde s andable. The designa ion o May 9 as Rememb ance Day con inues o d aw ela i es o
hose who los hei child en in he wa , who silen ly pay hei espec s be o e he names o na ional
he oes insc ibed on he museum’s ma ble monumen s.
Among museums in Uzbekis an, he “S a e Museum o A s o Uzbekis an” occupies he
ou h place in e ms o p o i abili y. The S a e Museum o A s is a cul u al, educa ional, and
scien i ic ins i u ion; i was he i s a museum es ablished in Cen al Asia. I was ounded in
1918 in Tashken as he Museum o he People’s Uni e si y, la e became he Cen al A Museum,
in 1924 he Tashken A Museum, and om 1935 o he p esen has ope a ed unde i s cu en
name. By 2005, he museum collec ion included o e 50,000 exhibi s.
The esul s o his museum’s ecep ion o local and in e na ional ou is s o e he pas nine
yea s a e p esen ed in Table 4.
Excluding he pandemic yea s, he low o domes ic ou is s o he museum has been
inc easing. In 2015, 21,800 ou is s isi ed (100.00%), and by 2023, 65,800 local ou is s isi ed
(301.83%). The highes numbe o o eign ou is isi s was eco ded in 2018 – 12,800 ou is s
(426.66%), while by 2023, he numbe o o eign ou is s had signi ican ly dec eased o 2,000
(66.66%). The museum’s e enues show a s eady inc ease o e all yea s (2023 – 346,917,000
UZS; 1,301.56%).
In he pas en yea s, he “S a e Museum in Memo y o he Vic ims o Rep ession” unde
he Cabine o Minis e s o he Republic o Uzbekis an has anked i h in e ms o p o i abili y
among museums in Uzbekis an. The g and opening o he “Memo y o he Ma y s” memo ial
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complex, buil on May 12, 2000, in Yunusabad dis ic o Tashken , was a majo e en in he
social, cul u al, and spi i ual li e o he coun y and i s people. The complex has become one o
he ins i u ions ha educa e he younge gene a ion in he spi i o pa io ism.
Table 3
Changes in museum ou ism se ices o ou is s a he “Gʻalaba bogʻi” memo ial
complex and he “Shon-sha a ” S a e Museum du ing 2020–2024
Table 4
Changes in museum ou ism se ices o ou is s a he S a e
Museum o A s o Uzbekis an du ing 2015–2023
The museum’s se ices p o ided o domes ic and o eign ou is s o e he pas en yea s
a e p esen ed in Table 5. Re iewing he able da a, i is e iden ha he museum’s ac i i y shows
some i egula i ies up o 2024, which is unde s andable due o he sha p decline in isi s du ing
he pandemic yea s. In 2024, he museum achie ed signi ican ly highe esul s in hos ing domes ic
and in e na ional ou is s. Tha yea , he low o local ou is s eached 83,531 (247.74%), 7,612
o eign ou is s isi ed (338.10%), and he o al e enue amoun ed o 314,436,200 UZS, wi h a
g ow h a e o 492.50%.
Summa izing he 10-yea ac i i y o hese museums in Uzbekis an, he ollowing igu es
eme ge:
1.The numbe o jobs inc eased om 301 o 417 (168.53%).
2.The isi s o local ou is s inc eased om 390,782 o 912,495 (233.50%).
3.The low o o eign ou is s inc eased om 20,240 o 44,422 (219.47%).
4.The museums’ e enue g ew om 712,853,939 UZS o 3,889,048,412 UZS (545.64%).
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Table 5
Changes in Museum Tou ism Se ices o Tou is s a he S a e Museum in Memo y o he
Vic ims o Rep ession unde he Cabine o Minis e s o he Republic o Uzbekis an du ing
2015–2024
Conclusions and Recommenda ions:
Analyzing he p ocedu es o admi ing local and o eign ou is s in he museums desc ibed
abo e, i becomes clea ha he museum adminis a ions need o de elop plans o inc ease he
low o local ou is s and es ablish p ocedu es o ecei e local and o eign ou is s unde equal
condi ions.
Ou coun y’s museums should es ablish and manage p io i y coope a ion sys ems in a eas
such as p o iding museum se ices o local and in e na ional ou is s, o ganizing scien i ic and
p ac ical con e ences, exchanging expe iences, and implemen ing new echnologies. These
measu es will se e as a ge ed plans o o ganizing and de eloping museum ou ism.
The his o ically signi ican exhibi s and displays in hese museums, which a e ecognized
in e na ionally, should be p esen ed in mul iple languages o he in e na ional ou ism ma ke .
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