1
Supplemen a y Ma e ials: An in asi e species cos e iew o New Sou h Wales,
1
Aus alia, highligh s key d i e s and limi a ions o economic cos es ima es
2
Nicholas P. Mo an, Lu-Yi Wang, Anca M. Hanea, Tom Kompas
3
4
A. Rapid Re iew Reco ds
5
An o e iew o he e iew me hodology, including all sou ces used o colla e cos da a o
6
NSW, is included in Fig. A.1. In aCos /CISS eco ds e e o he da a e e ences ex ac ed
7
om he In aCos 4.1, along wi h addi ional eco ds om he Cen e o In asi e Species
8
Solu ions (unpub. epo ). Da abase sea ch eco ds a e hose collec ed ia ou independen
9
li e a u e sea ch. Addi ional eco ds include ecen epo s known o au ho s ha we e no
10
cap u ed by o he sou ces ( e e ed o as “non-sys ema ic eco ds”) and eco ds iden i ied as
11
he o iginal sou ce o cos da a in s udies ound in ou independen da abase sea ches ( e e ed
12
o as “o iginal da a eco ds”).
13
14
15
Figu e A.1: Rapid e iew PRISMA diag am, including da a sou ces, p ocessing and sc eening. (*Cos
16
eco ds iden i ied h ough ou e iew we e excluded om quan i a i e analysis whe e hey included
17
only publicly unded cos s, cos es ima es ha we e a ed as low eliabili y, duplica ed/ non-o iginal
18
es ima es, o po en ial/un ealised cos s.
19
20
21
2
Independen li e a u e e iew eco ds
22
WoS sea ches we e conduc ed wi h he Web o Science Co e Collec ion (A&HCI , BKCI- SSH
23
, BKCI-S , CCR-EXPANDED , ESCI , IC , CPCI-SSH, CPCI-S , SCI-EXPANDED , SSCI),
24
based on i les, abs ac s, au ho keywo ds and keywo ds plus. Sea ches in Scopus o i les,
25
abs ac s, au ho keywo ds and indexed keywo ds also ollowed he same que y. Ad anced
26
sea ch unc ions we e used wi h a s anda dised que y adap ed o each da abase (i.e., WoS
27
que y: TS=(econom* OR cos OR mone a y OR dolla OR *expens*) AND TS=(pes OR
28
weed OR ((exo ic OR in asi* OR in ad* OR alien OR in oduc* OR nonna i e OR non- na i e
29
OR non-indigenous) NEAR/5 (species OR animal OR plan ))) AND TS=(”New Sou h Wales”
30
OR ”NSW” OR ((eas * OR sou heas *) NEAR/5 Aus alia)); Scopus que y: TITLE-
ABS-
31
KEY(econom*
OR cos OR mone a y OR dolla OR *expens*) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(pes OR
32
weed OR ((exo ic OR in asi* OR in ad* OR alien OR in oduc* OR nonna i e OR non- na i e
33
OR non-indigenous) W/5 (species OR animal OR plan ))) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(”New Sou h
34
Wales” OR ”NSW” OR ((eas * OR sou heas *) W/5 Aus alia))). This que y ollowed a simila
35
s uc u e o ha used in In aCos , bu wi h a b oade se o e ms o cap u e he ypes o cos s
36
(i.e., expenses, dolla , e c.) and in asi e species (e.g., alien plan s, non-indigenous species,
37
e c.), as well as a egional e m o limi esul s o NSW o sou h-eas e n Aus alia. Gi en his
38
sea ch was a ge ed o NSW o sou h-eas e n Aus alia, we we e also able o a oid some p e-
39
sc eening s eps ha we e used in In aCos o limi he numbe s o eco ds ha e iewe s we e
40
equi ed o manually sc een (e.g., he use o ‘NOT’ ope a o s in WoS sea ches, e ining esul s
41
based on WoS subjec a eas, elimina ing e e ences iden i ied ia “Keywo ds Plus”; see Diagne
42
e al. 2020).
43
44
F om ou da abase sea ches, he i les and abs ac s o eco ds we e sc eened by wo au ho s
45
(LYW, NPM). Reco ds we e included o ull- ex sc eening whe e hey me o appea ed likely
46
o mee he abo e c i e ia. Ini ially, 5% o eco ds we e double-sc eened o assess ag eemen
47
le els (17/24, 71% ag eemen ). To ensu e ha inclusion/exclusion decisions we e consis en , a
48
second 5% o eco ds we e double-sc eened (21/24, 88% ag eemen ).
Con lic ing
decisions we e
49
discussed and esol ed collabo a i ely. The emaining eco ds we e sc eened by a single au ho .
50
51
Full- ex eco ds we e hen assessed agains he inclusion c i e ia. I i was unclea whe he a
52
eco d me he c i e ia, bo h e iewe s made a
inal
decision collabo a i ely. All eco ds om
53
addi ional sou ces (e.g., non-sys ema ic and o iginal da a eco ds) we e also checked agains
54
ou inclusion c i e ia.
55
3
56
In aCos /CISS eco ds
57
The p ima y sou ce o da a was In aCos ( 4.1, published
22/Jan/2022;
Diagne e al., 2022). Da a
58
checks con i med ha all da a om he subsequen Aus alia-speci ic e iew (B adshaw e al.,
59
2021) has been inco po a ed in o he mos cu en e sion o he In aCos da abase.
60
61
In aCos da a we e
il e ed
in R o include only es ima es om Aus alia ha apply o a eas ha
62
a e wi hin o include New Sou h Wales. En ies o ungi and i uses we e excluded (e.g., Whea
63
s eak mosaic i us, Banana bunchy op i us, e c.). We also excluded da a o axa ha a e
64
na i e o Aus alia [e.g., na i e bollwo ms (Helico e pa spp.), windmill g ass (Chlo is
65
unca a), koalas (Phascola c os cine eus), e c.] o ha a e exo ic o NSW [e.g., sc ew-wo m
66
ly (Cochliomyia homini o ax), mimosa (Mimosa pig a), banana skippe bu e ly (E iono a
67
h ax), e c.]. Simila ly, CISS da a we e manually checked o con i m ha he loca ions and
68
species o cos da a me hese c i e ia.
69
70
Re iew da a summa y
71
The agg ega ed cos da a o NSW iden i ied in he apid e iew is shown in Figu e A.2.
72
Indi idual da a poin s a e o al annual cos s o each yea (i.e., he sum o all indi idual cos
73
es ima es o ha yea ). Ho izon al ba s ma k he a e age annual cos o 10-yea in e als.
74
The ull ange o cos da a is om 1952 - 2022. Only a single cos es ima e is applicable o
75
da es p io o 1970, and he e is a clea su ge in epo ing o cos es ima es om he 1970s on.
76
The e o e, analysis o hese cos s was limi ed o he 1970s onwa ds.
77
78
4
79
Figu e A.2: Agg ega ed o al epo ed cos s o es ablished in asi e species in NSW, o all non-public
80
expendi u e-based cos s (e.g., p i a e con ol cos s, p oduc ion losses, heal h impac s and en i onmen al
81
cos s). Shown a e he annual o al cos s o each yea (g ey ci cles), he a e age annual cos pe decade
82
om 1950 o he cu en (black ci cles wi h ho izon al ba s). The dashed line ep esen s he a e age
83
o al cos pe yea o e he ull da a pe iod.
84
5
Cos da a e e ences
85
The 50 e e ences ha con ibu ed cos da a o he quan i a i e analysis o NSW a e lis ed below.
86
Fo u he de ails, see he bibliog aphic da a and e iew eco ds a ailable a Zenodo (doi:
87
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17547085).
88
89
Key iles and eco ds include he ollowing:
90
1. ~/nsw-n c- e iew_4MS/Li e a u e_Sea ch_Files/NSWNRC_Cos Re e encesFULL_12022024.xlsx
91
This gi es he ull e e ence lis o ele an cos s e e ences om he p e-exis ing da abases used in
92
he s udy (see unde ab: Re e ences_INVCISS), and om ou indepden da abase sea ches (see
93
unde ab: (see unde ab: Re e ences_NEWDAT). Some addi ional exclusions om In aCos
94
e e ences and sou ce iles o o he cos e e ences ound in ou own li e a u e sea ches a e also
95
shown unde ab: Re e ences_Excluded. No e, he e a e b oade inclusion c i e ia o he li e a u e
96
e iew, and hose s udies included o quan i a i e analysis a e a subse o hese e e ences (i.e., a e
97
also excluding public expendi u e-based e e ences, low eliabili y es ima es, e c.).
98
2. ~/nsw-n c- e iew_4MS/Li e a u e_Sea ch_Files/Bibliog aphies
99
See he olde o he bibliog aphic iles o all included e e ences, including o he e e ences
100
iden i ied om he p e-exis ing da abases (e.g., NSWNRC_1_INVCISS.bib), newly iden i ied
101
e e ences (e.g., NSWNRC_2_NEWRECS.bib), and a combined deduplica ed lib a y
102
(NSWNRC_ALL.bib). Files a e a ailable in .bib, .cs , and . is o ma s.
103
104
Addi ional e e ence no es.
105
• Re e ence_ID “C o 1995” is used o cos e e ences om 2 dis inc sou ces in In aCos (C o
106
and Caughley 1995, and C o and Connellan 1999).
107
• Eigh e e ences ha e cos eco ds in In aCos associa ed wi h wo dis inc Re e ence_IDs o ha
108
da abase (e.g., McLeod 2016 & 301 a e used o en ies associa ed wi h McLeod (2016)). These
109
may co espond o di e en da a ex ac ions (e.g., om he o iginal In aCos sys ema ic sea ches
110
and subsequen a ge ed collec ions). Re e ence_IDs used in In aCos also do no di ec ly
111
co espond o he Re e ence_IDs applied unde B adshaw e al. (2021).
112
113
114
6
Table A.1: Re e ences con ibu ing cos da a o ou quan i a i e analysis, including whe he i ’s sou ce, ID used in his e iew, and Re e ence_ID, om In aCos 4.1.
115
Sou ce
NSW_ e _ID
Re e ence_ID
Re e ence
In aCos
4.1
NIC046
Page2007
AEC G oup (2007) Economic impac o lan ana on he Aus alian g azing indus y. B isbane: Depa men o Na u al
Resou ces and Wa e .
In aCos
4.1
NIC151
628
Binks B, Kancans R, S enekes N (2015) Wild dog managemen 2010 o 2014–na ional landholde su ey esul s. Aus alian
Bu eau o Ag icul u al and Resou ce Economics and Sciences (ABARES), Canbe a, Aus alia. ABARES epo o clien
p epa ed o Aus alian Wool Inno a ion L d, Canbe a A ailable om: h ps://pes sma .o g.au/wp-
con en /uploads/si es/3/2020/06/aba es-wild-dog-managemen -2010- o-2014-na ional-landholde -su ey- esul s.pd (Ma ch
18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC050
Came on e al
2018
Came on NL, Ca negie AJ, Wa dlaw T, Lawson S, Venn T (2018) Economic app aisal o Si ex Wood Wasp (Si ex noc ilio)
con ol in Aus alian pine plan a ions. Aus alian Fo es y 81: 37–45. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/00049158.2018.1430436
In aCos
4.1
NIC066
134
Canyon DV (2008) His o ical analysis o he economic cos o dengue in Aus alia. Jou nal o ec o bo ne diseases 45:
245–248.
In aCos
4.1
NIC085
412
Caughley J (1998) Managing e eb a e pes s: Roden s. Bu eau o Resou ce Sciences, Canbe a, Aus alia
New
NSW251
NA
Cha les GW (1991) A G owe Su ey o Weeds and He bicide Use in he New-Sou h-Wales Co on Indus y. Aus alian
Jou nal o Expe imen al Ag icul u e 31: 387–392. h ps://doi.o g/10.1071/Ea9910387
In aCos
4.1
NIC083
410
Choqueno D, Mcll oy J, Koen T (1996) Managing e eb a e pes s: Fe al pigs. Bu eau o Resou ce Sciences, Canbe a,
Aus alia
In aCos
4.1
NIC132
Cooke2013
Cooke B, Chudleigh P, Simpson S, Saunde s G (2013) The Economic Bene i s o he Biological Con ol o Rabbi s in
Aus alia, 1950–2011. Aus alian Economic His o y Re iew 53: 91–107.
In aCos
4.1
NIC104
C aik2017
C aik W, Palme D, Sheld ake R (2017) P io i ies o Aus alia’s Biosecu i y Sys em–An Independen Re iew o he
Capaci y o he Na ional Biosecu i y Sys em and i s Unde pinning In e go e nmen al Ag eemen .’. Commonweal h o
Aus alia: Canbe a, ACT.
In aCos
4.1
NIC009
C o 1995
C o D, Caughley J (1995) A su ey o he MIA mouse plague-a wha cos ? Fa me s’ Newsle e 145: 40–41.
7
Sou ce
NSW_ e _ID
Re e ence_ID
Re e ence
In aCos
4.1
NIC150
C o 1995
C o JD, Connellan P (1999) Wes e n Di ision abbi con ol : in o ma ion pack. A ailable om:
h ps://ca alogue.nla.go .au/ca alog/1417461 (Janua y 22, 2024).
In aCos
4.1
NIC129
Ea l 2003
Ea l J (2003) The dis ibu ion and impac s o lippia (Phyla canescens) in he Mu ay Da ling sys em. Mu ay Da ling Basin
Lippia Wo king G oup 91.
In aCos
4.1
NIC096
Edwa ds2008
Edwa ds G, McG ego M, Zeng B, Saal eld W, Vaa zon-Mo el P, Du y M (2008) O e iew o he p ojec “C oss-
ju isdic ional managemen o e al camels o p o ec NRM and cul u al alues.” Dese Knowledge Coope a i e Resea ch
Cen e, Alice Sp ings, Aus alia. DKCRC Repo A ailable om: h ps://www.nin ione.com.au/ esou ce/DKCRC-Repo -
54-O e iew-o - he-p ojec -C oss-ju isdic ional-managemen -o - e al-camels- o-p o ec -NRM-and-cul u al- alues.pd
(Ma ch 18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC057
Edwa ds2010
Edwa ds GP, Zeng B, Saal eld WK, Vaa zon-Mo el P (2010) E alua ion o he impac s o e al camels. The Rangeland
Jou nal 32: 43–54.
In aCos
4.1
NIC028
En Aus 1997
En i onmen Aus alia (1997) Communi y in ol emen in o - ese e and on- ese e managemen o en i onmen al weeds.
En i onmen Aus alia, Canbe a, Aus alia. Repo A ailable om: h ps://weeds.o g.au/wp-
con en /uploads/2020/04/in ol emen .pd .
In aCos
4.1
NIC136
564; Gong2009
Gong W, Sinden J, B ayshe M, Jones R, Wales N (2009) The economic impac s o e eb a e pes s in Aus alia. In asi e
Animals Coope a i e Resea ch Cen e Canbe a A ailable om: h ps://pes sma .o g.au/wp-
con en /uploads/si es/3/2020/06/IACRC_EconoImpac sSumma y.pd (Augus 3, 2025).
New
NSWOG03
NA
Gould ho pe J (2006) Go se Na ional Bes P ac ice Manual: Managing Go se (Ulex eu opaeus L.) in Aus alia. Na ional
Go se Task o ce. Tas Dep o P ima y Indus ies and Wa e ., Hoba , Aus alia A ailable om:
h ps:// icgo se ask o ce.com.au/wp-con en /uploads/2021/11/2-Go se-Na ional-Bes -P ac ice-Manual.pd (Ma ch 18,
2025).
New
NSWEX02
NA
Ha i A, A hu T, Medina M, Wa nakula C, Addai D, S enekes N (2023) Cos o es ablished pes animals and weeds o
Aus alian ag icul u al p oduce s. Aus alian Bu eau o Ag icul u al and Resou ce Economics and Sciences (ABARES),
Depa men o Ag icul u e, Fishe ies and Fo es y, Canbe a, Aus alia. ABARES Resea ch Repo A ailable om:
h ps://doi.o g/10.25814/x e7-s985 (Decembe 18, 2023).
New
NSWOG19
NA
Jones R, Ve e D (1998) The economics o se a ed ussock in New Sou h Wales. Plan P o ec ion Qua e ly 13: 70–75.
8
Sou ce
NSW_ e _ID
Re e ence_ID
Re e ence
New
NSWEX01
NA
Kalisch-Go don C (2014) The Economic Cos s o Weeds in NSW. G ain G owe s Limi ed, Sydney, Aus alia A ailable
om: h ps://www.n c.nsw.go .au/Weed%20managemen %20-
%20Economic%20cos %20o %20weeds%20in%20NSW%20-%20G ain%20G owe s%20-
%20May%202014.pd ?downloadable=1 (Ma ch 18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC027
Legge2020
Legge S, Tagga PL, Dickman CR, Read JL, Woina ski JC (2020) Ca -dependen diseases cos Aus alia AU $6 billion pe
yea h ough impac s on human heal h and li es ock p oduc ion. Wildli e Resea ch 47: 731–746.
In aCos
4.1
NIC069
Llewellyn2016
Llewellyn R, Ronning D, Ouzman J, Walke S, May ield A, Cla ke M (2016) Impac o weeds on Aus alian g ain
p oduc ion: he cos o weeds o Aus alian g ain g owe s and he adop ion o weed managemen and illage p ac ices.
G ains Resea ch & De elopmen Co po a ion, Canbe a, Aus alia
In aCos
4.1
NIC032
227
Long K, Robley A (2004) Cos E ec i e Fe al Animal Exclusion Fencing o A eas o High Conse a ion Value in
Aus alia: A Repo . A hu Rylah Ins i u e o En i onmen al Resea ch, Depa men o Sus ainabili y and En i onmen ,
Melbou ne, Aus alia
In aCos
4.1
NIC031
IDA2014
Ma in G (2014) Cos bene i analysis o wineg ape oo s ock esea ch, de elopmen and ex ension. Aus alian G ape and
Wine Au ho i y. IDA Economics PTY L d, Canbe a, Aus alia A ailable om:
h ps://www.wineaus alia.com/ge media/5ad34d17-4c57-4748-935a-60cc 80933a3/GWR-1308 (Ma ch 18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC147
12904
Ma in TG, an Klinken RD (2006) Value o money? In es men in weed managemen in Aus alian angelands. The
Rangeland Jou nal 28: 63–75.
In aCos
4.1
NIC091
434
McKenzie J, Mi sud G, Dall D, Woolnough A, Hall J, Jackson M (2014) Na ional Wild Dog Ac ion Plan: P omo ing and
suppo ing communi y d i en ac ion o landscape-scale wild dog managemen . Aus alian Wool Inno a ion L d., Sydney,
Aus alia, 1–66pp.
New
NSWOG25
NA
McLa en D, Ramasamy S, Law ie A, Mo e T, P i cha d G (2006) Assessing he ex en o se a ed ussock esis ance o he
he bicide, lup opana e in Aus alia. In: Wagga Wagga, NSW. A ailable om: h ps://g asslandnsw.com.au/news/wp-
con en /uploads/2010/08/McLa en-Ramasamy-Law ie-Mo e-P i cha d-2006.pd (Janua y 22, 2024).
In aCos
4.1
NIC037
2; McLeod2004
McLeod R (2004) Coun ing he cos : impac o in asi e animals in Aus alia, 2004. Coope a i e Resea ch Cen e o Pes
Animal Con ol, Canbe a, Aus alia
9
Sou ce
NSW_ e _ID
Re e ence_ID
Re e ence
In aCos
4.1
NIC034
McLeod2016;
301
McLeod R (2016) Cos o pes animals in NSW and Aus alia, 2013–14. eSYS De elopmen P y L d; NSW Na u al
Resou ces Commission, Sydney, Aus alia. Repo p epa ed o he NSW Na u al Resou ces Commission A ailable om:
h ps://in asi es.com.au/wp-con en /uploads/2019/02/Cos -o -Pes -Animals-in-NSW-and-Aus-2013-14-web-HR.pd
(Augus 13, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC016
McLeod2018
McLeod R (2018) Annual cos s o weeds in Aus alia. eSYS De elopmen P y L d, Cen e o In asi e Species Solu ions,
Canbe a, Aus alia. Repo A ailable om: h ps://in asi es.com.au/wp-con en /uploads/2019/01/Cos -o -weeds- epo .pd
(Ma ch 18, 2025).
New
NIC015
NA
McLeod R (2023) Annual cos s o e al dee in Aus alia. eSYS De elopmen P y L d, Cen e o In asi e Species
Solu ions, Canbe a, Aus alia, 978–1pp. A ailable om: h ps://pes sma .o g.au/wp-
con en /uploads/si es/3/2023/07/In asi es-Cos -o -Fe al-Dee -Final-Repo .pd (Ma ch 18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC054
Mu ay e al
2013
Mu ay DAH, Cla ke MB, Ronning DA (2013) Es ima ing in e eb a e pes losses in six majo Aus alian g ain c ops.
Aus alian Jou nal o En omology 52: 227–241. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/aen.12017
In aCos
4.1
NIC127
Mu ay2009
Mu ay GM, B ennan JP (2009) The cu en and po en ial cos s om diseases o whea in Aus alia. G ains Resea ch and
De elopmen Co po a ion, Canbe a, Aus alia A ailable om:
h ps://g dc.com.au/__da a/asse s/pd _ ile/0026/203957/disease-loss-whea .pd .pd .
In aCos
4.1
NIC044
PageLacey2006;
Page2006
Page A, Lacey K (2006) Economic impac assessmen o Aus alian weed biological con ol. CRC o Aus alian Weed
Managemen , Adelaide, Aus alia A ailable om: h ps://weeds.o g.au/wp-con en /uploads/2020/02/ ech_se ies_10.pd
(Ma ch 18, 2025).
In aCos
4.1
NIC082
409;
Pa kes1996
Pa kes J, Henzell R, Pickles G, Bom o d M (1996) Managing e eb a e pes s: Fe al goa s. Bu eau o Resou ce Sciences,
Canbe a, Aus alia
In aCos
4.1
NIC074
367
Saunde s G, Fleming P (1988) In e ac ion be ween e al pigs, wild dogs and ag icul u e on he ablelands and coas o NSW,
Unpublished Final Repo on P ojec DAN 15P o he Wool Resea ch and De elopmen Fund. Wool Resea ch and
De elopmen Fund, Aus alia
New
NSWOG45
NA
Sinden J, Jones R, Hes e S, Odom D, Kalisch C, James R, Cacho O, G i i h G (2004) The economic impac o weeds in
Aus alia. CRC o Aus alian Weed Managemen , Adelaide, Aus alia. Technical Se ies No 8 A ailable om:
h ps://weeds.o g.au/wp-con en /uploads/2020/02/ ech_se ies_8_summa y.pd (Ma ch 18, 2025).
16
C. Spa ial Pa i ioning o Cos s ia Biosecu i y Commons
244
Wi hin he Biosecu i y Commons pla o m (Biosecu i y Commons, 2024), spa ial laye s we e
245
c ea ed o he o e lap o he species dis ibu ion and he impac ed sec o /indus y, bo h wi hin
246
NSW and ac oss he b oade na ional o egional loca ion o which he cos es ima e applies.
247
Figu e C.1 shows an example o he in asi e plan common helio ope (Helio opium eu opaeum),
248
and o e lapping wi h he impac ed sec o (i.e., c opping, based on he seconda y Aus alian Land
249
Use and Managemen Classi ica ion “3.3.0 C opping”). This es ima ed an o e lapping a ea o
250
187,894km2 wi hin NSW and 427,207km2 ac oss Aus alia; he e o e, a ac ion o 0.439819572
251
was applied o pa i ion he associa ed na ional cos es ima e o NSW. Impo an ly, his app oach
252
only p o ides an es ima e o he po ion o cos s ha could be applied o NSW, wi hou
253
accoun ing o spa ial he e ogenei y in impac s wi hin he in asi e species’ ange, o empo al
254
a ia ion in a species’ impac s o hei in asi e ange. Ex ensions o his me hod accoun ing o
255
hese ac o s a e iable, bu we e conside ed beyond he scope o his p ojec .
256
257
258
Figu e C.1: Spa ial laye s c ea ed ia Biosecu i y Commons, o he o e lap in he dis ibu ion o com-
259
mon helio ope and c opping a eas (uppe ) ac oss Aus alia and (lowe ) wi hin NSW.
260
