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CHALLENGES OF THE GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN
Naza o a Mukaddas E kino na
P o i Uni e si y “Aniq a iq isodiyo ” akul e i
“Iq isodiyo ” ka ed asi ka a o’qi u chisi
Tashken , Uzbekis an.
mukaddasnaza o a@mail. u
Abs ac : This pape examines he key challenges and p ospec s o Uzbekis an’s
ansi ion o a g een economy. Pa icula a en ion is paid o en i onmen al and socio-
economic issues associa ed wi h he consequences o he A al Sea disas e , he wa e
c isis, and a mosphe ic pollu ion. The analysis iden i ies s uc u al, ins i u ional, and
inancial ba ie s hinde ing he e ec i e implemen a ion o g een echnologies. The
a icle explo es policy di ec ions including he na ional s a egy o low-ca bon
de elopmen , e o ms in he ene gy and wa e sec o s, and enewable ene gy
ini ia i es. I concludes ha a comp ehensi e app oach in eg a ing he e o s o
go e nmen , business, and ci il socie y is essen ial o achie ing sus ainable economic
g ow h and en i onmen al secu i y.
Keywo ds: g een economy; sus ainable de elopmen ; enewable ene gy; wa e c isis;
en i onmen al policy; in es men s; Uzbekis an
INTRODUCTION
In he mode n wo ld, he g een economy has e ol ed om a end in o a s a egic
necessi y. Fo Uzbekis an, which aces he long- e m consequences o he A al Sea
c isis, ch onic wa e sca ci y, and u ban ai pollu ion, his ansi ion ep esen s no only
an en i onmen al p io i y bu also a ques ion o na ional secu i y and sus ainable
de elopmen . Despi e poli ical will and ini ial p og ess, he pa h owa d a low-ca bon
and esou ce-e icien model o g ow h emains augh wi h sys emic challenges.
Rele ance o he G een Economy o Uzbekis an
Uzbekis an’s in e es in he g een economy is d i en by a combina ion o objec i e and
p essing ac o s.
The legacy o he A al Sea ca as ophe.
The disappea ance o he A al Sea led o bo h an en i onmen al and humani a ian
disas e . Sal s o ms dispe se oxic sedimen s, des oy e ile land, and ha m public
heal h.
Wa e esou ce c isis.
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Uzbekis an is among he coun ies expe iencing he highes wa e s ess. Aging
i iga ion in as uc u e, popula ion g ow h, and clima e change exace ba e he
p oblem, posing a di ec h ea o ag icul u e and ood secu i y.
Ai pollu ion.
Majo indus ial cen e s such as Tashken , Almalyk, and Na oi ace ecu ing smog
episodes caused by emissions om indus ial acili ies and anspo .
Thus, he “g eening” o he economy is no a ashionable end bu an u gen necessi y
o ensu ing he coun y’s sus ainable u u e.
Key P oblems and Ba ie s
S uc u al Dependence on he “B own” Economy
Uzbekis an’s economy emains domina ed by esou ce- and ca bon-in ensi e sec o s:
na u al gas and gold ex ac ion, he chemical and cemen indus ies, and wa e -
in ensi e ag icul u e. A adical es uc u ing o hese sec o s equi es massi e
in es men , new echnologies, and ime—cons i u ing a signi ican s uc u al ba ie o
ans o ma ion.
Ene gy T ansi ion: Po en ial and Reali y
The coun y possesses one o he egion’s highes po en ials o sola and wind ene gy,
bu i s u iliza ion emains slow due o se e al cons ain s:
• Aging in as uc u e: mos gene a ion and g id asse s equi e u gen
mode niza ion.
• P ice dis o ions: long- e m subsidiza ion o gas and elec ici y a i s has
discou aged ene gy e iciency.
• In eg a ion challenges: e ec i e abso p ion o in e mi en enewable ene gy
equi es sma g ids and sys em upg ades.
Wa e C isis and Ine icien Ag icul u e
The ag icul u al sec o consumes abou 90% o he coun y’s wa e esou ces and
emains he leas e icien componen o he economy.
• Ou da ed echnologies: widesp ead open-di ch and u ow i iga ion cause up
o 50% wa e losses.
• Inhe i ed c op pa e ns: dependence on adi ional wa e -in ensi e c ops
(co on, whea ) pe sis s despi e g owing wa e sca ci y.
• Land deg ada ion: saliniza ion and dese i ica ion educe soil e ili y and
demand e en g ea e use o wa e and chemicals.
Ins i u ional and Financial Cons ain s
• Legal gaps: despi e he adop ion o he Laws “On Renewable Ene gy Sou ces”
and “On Ene gy E iciency,” he egula o y amewo k emains incomple e.
Mechanisms o p omo ing a ci cula economy, g een public p ocu emen , and was e
ecycling equi e u he de elopmen .
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• Financing de ici : he s a e budge canno co e he ull cos o “g eening.” The
ma ke o g een bonds and loans is unde de eloped, while high egula o y isks de e
p i a e in es men .
Low En i onmen al Awa eness
Among bo h he public and pa o he business communi y, unde s anding o he
bene i s and mechanisms o he g een economy emains limi ed. The absence o habi s
such as ene gy sa ing, was e sepa a ion, and wa e conse a ion, along wi h
insu icien in as uc u e, slows down he ansi ion p ocess.
Ini ial S eps and P omising Ini ia i es
The Go e nmen o Uzbekis an has demons a ed a g owing commi men o he g een
agenda h ough se e al measu es:
• S a egic planning: Adop ion o he S a egy o he T ansi ion o he Republic
o Uzbekis an o a G een Economy o 2019–2030 es ablished a comp ehensi e
amewo k o sus ainable e o ms.
• Implemen a ion o la ge-scale enewable ene gy p ojec s: Majo sola and
wind powe plan s a e being cons uc ed in he Na oi and Sama kand egions in
pa ne ship wi h global leade s such as Masda and ACWA Powe .
• Mode niza ion o wa e managemen : Pilo p ojec s on d ip i iga ion and a
ansi ion owa d a clus e -based ag icul u al sys em a e being implemen ed.
• Ene gy sec o e o m: G adual libe aliza ion o gas and elec ici y a i s is
c ea ing ma ke -based incen i es o ene gy e iciency and conse a ion.
Conclusion
Uzbekis an’s ansi ion o a g een economy is a complex, mul i-dimensional p ocess
whose success depends on he coo dina ed e o s o all s akeholde s. The go e nmen
mus ensu e consis en policies, imp o ed legisla ion, and anspa en condi ions o
in es o s. The p i a e sec o should ac i ely adop bes a ailable echnologies and seek
oppo uni ies in eme ging g een sec o s. Socie y as a whole needs o cul i a e a cul u e
o esponsible consump ion. O e coming cu en challenges will pa e he way no only
o en i onmen al es o a ion bu also o building a mode n, compe i i e, and
sus ainable na ional economy.
REFERENCES
1. Dec ee o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an No. UP-5863 (Oc obe
30, 2019) “On App o al o he En i onmen al P o ec ion Concep o he Republic o
Uzbekis an un il 2030.”
2. Resolu ion o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an No. PP-4477
(Oc obe 4, 2019) “On App o al o he S a egy o T ansi ion o he Republic o
Uzbekis an o a G een Economy o 2019–2030.”
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160 CONFERENCE ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE IN THE MODERN WORLD uni e salcon e ence.us
3. Uni ed Na ions De elopmen P og amme (UNDP) in Uzbekis an. (2025).
Na ional Human De elopmen Repo : Economic G ow h and En i onmen al
Challenges.
4. Asian De elopmen Bank (ADB). (2020). Repo s and Re iews on I iga ion
Sys em Mode niza ion P ojec s in Uzbekis an.
5. Spo .uz and Gaze a.uz. (Va ious yea s). Publica ions on enewable ene gy,
wa e e o ms, and en i onmen al policy.
