In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen and Humani ies (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-12 Issue-3, No embe 2025
13
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
In eg a ing Agile and he Sys ems V-Model:
P oposing a Hyb id Solu ion
Ma c Be y, Venka a Allada
Abs ac : This s udy in oduces an Agile Hyb id model ha
combines he Agile and Sys ems V philosophies o p oduc
de elopmen ini ia i es. Agile amewo ks h i e in en i onmen s
ha o e suppo i e i e a i e de elopmen , con inuous
in eg a ion, and inc emen al deli e y. The cu en li e a u e
in oduces exis ing Agile Hyb id models, bu hey a e p esen ed
only a a concep ual le el. This lea es p ac i ione s wi hou clea
di ec ion on how o implemen an Agile Hyb id amewo k in a
complex, eal-wo ld scena io. Based on esea ch and p ac i ione
expe ience, he indings show ha he p ima y challenges a e
execu i e unde s anding and communica ion links, cul u al
esis ance, managemen o ha dwa e in eg a ion, in eg a ion
me hods, and backlog managemen . Execu i es ha e epo ed
eeling ha planning is incomple e when using Agile. This
p oposed Agile V model p o ides a p ac i ione -cen ic app oach
o imp o ing hese challenges. The models consis o wo main
componen s. Fi s , an Agile V O e lay—an Agile/Sys ems V isual
oadmap ha aligns Sp in s o Ga es and ies execu i e
leade ship's in e es s o he de elopmen eam's wo k e olu ion—
can be used o bo h p ojec planning and execu ion. Secondly, a
Comp ehensi e Adap i e Backlog (CAB) is an a e ac eposi o y
ha con ains all enginee ing- and p og amma ic- ype a e ac s
ypically equi ed o new p oduc de elopmen ini ia i es. The
CAB ies wo k a e ac s o Sp in s and o he Sys ems V ga e
e iew. Combined, he O e lay and CAB p o ide ools o help
P ojec Manage s and Enginee ing Manage s plan and execu e
complex p oduc de elopmen p ojec s in a highly egula ed
en i onmen . The goal is o p o ide ools ha enable design
e olu ion while main aining a sys ema ic, ga ed app oach ha
suppo s egula o y compliance. The au ho s ha e conduc ed
ini ial in e iews wi h indus y p ac i ione s, which ha e yielded
posi i e esul s o he model's u ili y. P ac i ione eedback has
been inco po a ed o ine- une he model and imp o e i s
alignmen wi h eal-wo ld applica ions. Fu u e esea ch will
adop a mixed-me hods app oach, including in e iews wi h
indus y p ac i ione s o con inue alida ing he Agile V model.
Keywo ds: Agile, Sys ems Enginee ing, Agile Hyb id, Sys ems
Enginee ing V Model, P ojec Managemen , New P oduc
De elopmen .
Abb e ia ions
ADP: Accep ance Da a Package
Manusc ip ecei ed on 24 Oc obe 2025 | Fi s Re ised
Manusc ip ecei ed on 29 Oc obe 2025 | Second Re ised
Manusc ip ecei ed on 05 No embe 2025 | Manusc ip
Accep ed on 15 No embe 2025 | Manusc ip published on 30
No embe 2025.
*Co espondence Au ho (s)
Ma c Be y*, Depa men o Enginee ing Managemen and Sys ems
Enginee ing, Missou i Science and Technology, Rolla, US Mino Ou lying
Islands. Email ID: mabhz5@umsys em.edu, ORCID ID: 0009-0002-8010-
2471
D . Venka a Allada, P o esso , Depa men o Enginee ing Managemen
and Sys ems Enginee ing, Missou i Science and Technology, Rolla (MO),
Uni ed S a es o Ame ica (USA). Email ID: allada@ms .edu
© The Au ho s. Published by Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing and
Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP). This is an open-access a icle unde he
CC-BY-NC-ND license h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
CAB: Comp ehensi e Adap i e Backlog
CAD: Compu e -Aided Design
CDR: C i ical Design Re iew
CONOPS: Concep s o Ope a ions
EDU: Enginee ing De elopmen Uni
LLPL: Long Lead Pa s P ocu emen S a
MRR: Manu ac u ing Readiness Re iew
PDR: P elimina y Design Re iew
PIC: P og am In eg a ion Cycles
POD: Pa s on Dock
PoP: Pe iod o Pe o mance
SRR: Sys em Requi emen s Re iew
SVR: Sys em Ve i ica ion Re iew
TRR: Tes Readiness Re iew
V&V: Ve i ica ion and Valida ion
XP: Ex eme P og amming
I. INTRODUCTION
In oday's p oduc de elopmen en i onmen , P ojec and
Enginee ing manage s ace he challenge o sho e ime- o-
ma ke and lowe new-p oduc cos s. Basically, looking o
p oduc s ha a e cheape while main aining he same le el o
quali y excellence. T adi ional p ojec managemen me hods,
such as he Sys ems Enginee ing V-Model, p o ide a
sys ema ic s uc u e, bu o en lack he lexibili y o allow
changing equi emen s [22]. This is pa icula ly ue when
using an Agile amewo k wi h ha dwa e- ocused sys ems
enginee ing p ojec s, which can a ec he adi ional “pu e
Agile” app oach. Sys ems enginee ing p ojec s can bene i
om Agile Hyb id me hods, which combine Agile lexibili y
wi h s uc u ed app oaches o achie e he same bene i s as
“pu e Agile” me hods in so wa e design. The Agile V-Model
helps add ess hese conce ns by in eg a ing Agile and
Sys ems Enginee ing V-Model p inciples o mee cu en
esea ch needs in new p oduc de elopmen ini ia i es. The
amewo k consis s o wo main elemen s: he Agile V
O e lay, a p oduc de elopmen li ecycle isual oadmap,
and he Comp ehensi e Adap i e Backlog (CAB), an a e ac
eposi o y ha iden i ies and lis s backlog equi emen s and
aligns hem wi h sp in s and sys ems enginee ing V ga e
e iews. The Agile V O e lay in he model p o ides a high-
le el isual o e iew o he p oduc de elopmen p ocess,
while he CAB se es as a planning and execu ion ool o
sp in s. The amewo k enables managemen o physical
p oduc s, as i s ca ego isa ion o ha dwa e-cen ic
deli e ables—Digi al Modelling, Addi i e Manu ac u ing,
Enginee ing De elopmen Uni s, Quali ica ion Uni s, and
Quali ied Design Uni s—shows a na u al p og ession o
ha dwa e de elopmen h ough
he Agile sp in ing p ocess. The
in eg a ion o sp in s wi h
In eg a ing Agile and he Sys ems V-Model: P oposing a Hyb id Solu ion
14
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
Sys ems Enginee ing V ga es and high-le el enginee ing
li ecycle phases enables execu i e leade s o ack p ojec
pe o mance as de elopmen eams execu e. This sol es he
planning-incomple e issue ha esea che s and p ac i ione s
ha e iden i ied and documen ed. Fu u e esea ch will alida e
he Agile V-Model h ough a mixed-me hods app oach ha
combines p ac i ione su eys wi h semi-s uc u ed
in e iews o assess quan i a i e e ec i eness and quali a i e
insigh s in o p ac i ione implemen a ion. The dual e alua ion
me hod will p o ide an assessmen o he model's usabili y
and i s po en ial o imp o emen ac oss di e en indus ies
and business sec o s. This pape is s uc u ed as ollows:
Sec ion 1 p o ides an in oduc ion and o e iew o Agile
p ac ices and he Sys ems Enginee ing V-Model o es ablish
he s udy’s con ex . Sec ion 2 examines cu en esea ch on
he ad an ages and challenges o Agile and V-Model
app oaches. Sec ion 3 desc ibes he de elopmen p ocess,
while Sec ion 4 ou lines he p oposed me hodology o
in oducing he Agile V model. To conclude, sec ion 5
p esen s p oposed esea ch pa hs o u u e wo k ha he
au ho s will conduc o e alua e model alida ion h ough
p ac i ione in e iews. Figu e 1 below depic s he
manusc ip oadmap.
[Fig.1: Manusc ip Roadmap]
II. AGILE OVERVIEW
The agile me hodology is a p ojec managemen app oach
ha b eaks a p ojec in o sp in s and emphasizes con inuous
collabo a ion and imp o emen h oughou he p ojec
li ecycle. Teams ollow a cycle o planning, execu ion and
e alua ion [1]. Agili y goes back o he mani es o o agile
so wa e de elopmen , de eloped by a consensus o 17
p og amme s on how o wo k mo e e icien ly han adi ional
app oaches unde unce ain and dynamic condi ions [3]. The
mani es o consis s o ou alues and 12 p inciples.
▪ The p ecedence o indi iduals and in e ac ions o e
p ocedu es and ools
▪ Func ional so wa e is p e e ed o leng hy
documen a ion.
▪ P io i izing clien in e ac ion o e con ac
deini ializa ion
▪ Responding o change a he han adhe ing o a
p ede e mined cou se o ac ion
Agile app oaches include Lean, Ex eme P og amming
(XP), Sc um, and Kanban. Sc um is he p e e ed
me hodology because i wo ks well wi h ha dwa e and
physical de elopmen [7]. Al hough agile comes in a ious
o ms, [7] sugges s ha Sc um is he mos applicable o
physical p oduc de elopmen ini ia i es.
A. Agile-Sc um
[18] de ine Sc um as: Sc um is an easy me hod ha helps
people and eams gene a e alue ia changing solu ions o
complica ed p oblems. In summa y, he Sc um amewo k
equi es a Sc um Mas e o p o ide a wo king en i onmen
ha :
i. The wo k o a complex p oblem is o de ed in o a P oduc
Backlog by a P oduc Owne .
ii. Du ing a Sp in , he Sc um Team con e s a po ion o
he labou in o an inc emen o alue.
iii. The Sc um Team and i s s akeholde s e alua e he
ou comes and make necessa y modi ica ions o he
subsequen Sp in .
i . Rei e a e
The Sc um amewo k is delibe a ely incomple e and
s aigh o wa d, de ining only he pa s equi ed o
implemen Sc um heo y. Sc um is buil on he collec i e
in elligence o i s use s. Ra he han p o iding de ailed
ins uc ions, he Sc um ules guide people's ela ionships and
in e ac ions. Va ious p ocesses, echniques, and me hods can
be employed wi hin his amewo k. Sc um w aps a ound
exis ing p ac ices and ende s hem unnecessa y, while
making isible he ela i e e icacy o cu en managemen ,
en i onmen , and wo k echniques so ha imp o emen s can
be made [19]. The Sc um model, as desc ibed by [19], is
i e a i e and includes h ee epe i i e s ages: p oduc backlog
de elopmen , main sp in , and daily sp in s. Each i e a ion
inc eases cus ome alue [20].
B. Co e Sc um Concep s
i. P oduc Backlog: a p io i ized lis o wo k o he p ojec
eam o comple e.
ii. Sp in Goal: Leading owa d p ojec miles ones and
deli e ables.
iii. Sp in Backlog: A selec ed subse o he a e ac s ha
need o be comple ed ha align wi h he sp in goal.
i . Sp in : a sho de elopmen pe iod (usually one o ou
weeks) aiming o comple e he (incomple e
sen ence/ hough )
. Sp in : Backlog includes agile e en s such as daily
mee ings, sp in planning, sp in demons a ion, sp in
e iew, and sp in
e ospec i e.
Sec ion 1- In o &
O e iew
•Roadmap
•Agile O e iew
•Sys ems V O e iew
Sec ion 2 - Li e a u e
Re iew
•Agile Bene i s and
Challenges
•Agile V Bene i s and
Challenges
•Discussion
Sec ion 3 - Agile V Model
De elopmen P ocess
•P ac i ione Expe ience
•Li e a u e Re iw
•Combined Simila i ies
•Resea ch Gaps
Sec ion 4 - P oposed
Me hodology
•Agile V O e lay
•Comp ehensi e
Adap i e Backlog
(CAB)
Sec ion 5 - Fo wa d Wo k
•Mixed-me hods
app oach
•S uc u ed In e iews
•Quali a i e and
Quan i a i e Ques ions
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen and Humani ies (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-12 Issue-3, No embe 2025
15
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
i. Daily Mee ing: Regula check-in o keep he eam
in o med and on ack o comple e he sp in .
ii. Sp in Planning: The i s e en o each sp in in which
he eam de e mines he sp in backlog, which is a subse
o he p oduc backlog.
iii. Sp in Demo and Re iew: A sp in e en in which he
ou come o he sp in is i s e iewed wi h s akeholde s
(demons a ion) and agains he sp in goal o help in o m
u u e wo k.
ix. Sp in Re ospec i e: Final e en o each sp in in which
he eam iden i ies ways o imp o e hei agile p ac ices.
Ano he ecen sou ce [13], s a es Agile ep esen s an
i e a i e and inc emen al me hod which deli e s alue
h ough lexible eamwo k and con inuous deli e y ins ead o
ollowing s ic long- e m plans. The ea ly 2000s b ough
o h Agile as a esponse o adi ional p ojec managemen
philosophies ha we e in lexible when handling change. The
Agile Mani es o, published in 2001, es ablished o mal Agile
p inciples by p esen ing ou co e alues and wel e guiding
p inciples o p ojec managemen . The Agile Mani es o
es ablishes i s co e alues h ough ou undamen al ideals as
ollows:
The Agile Mani es o p io i ises indi idual eam membe s
and hei in e ac ions o e all o he o ganisa ional sys ems
and echnological esou ces. The Agile app oach allows 1)
highe impo ance o deli e ing ope a ional so wa e e sus
de eloping ex ensi e documen a ion, 2) allows o eam
collabo a ion wi h cus ome s ins ead o eliance on con ac
nego ia ions and inally, 3) suppo s lexibili y and adap a ion
ins ead o main aining s ic p ojec plans.
C. Sys ems Enginee ing V O e iew
The Sys ems Enginee ing V-Model, as desc ibed by [14] is
a amewo k ha isually and concep ually ou lines he
sys ems enginee ing p ocess in a unique "V" shape. This
model encompasses aspec s o sys em design e olu ion, om
ini ial concep ion o inal disposal [14]. s a es ha he model
inco po a es key echnical e iews, Sys em Requi emen s
Re iew (SRR), P elimina y Design Re iew (PDR), C i ical
Design Re iew (CDR), Tes Readiness Re iew (TRR),
Manu ac u ing Readiness Re iew (MRR), and Sys em
Ve i ica ion Re iew (SVR), which a e majo miles ones used
o ensu e sys em design mee s sys em equi emen s. The le
side o he "V" iden i ies he equi emen s de ini ion phase,
laying he ounda ion o he sys em de elopmen phase. The
sys ems enginee ing V model is used o manage sys ems
enginee ing p ojec s h ough he ollowing Miles ones, also
e e ed o as ga es. The sys ems V model, as desc ibed by
[9], es ablishes i as a undamen al componen o he sys ems
enginee ing philosophy.
Al hough he e a e many di e en V models wi h di e en
nomencla u e, he mos common ones a e as ollows:
SRR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew held o ensu e sys em
equi emen s ha e been iden i ied and ha a mu ual
unde s anding and ag eemen wi h all s akeholde s exis s.
SRR es ablishes he unc ional baseline [9].
PDR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew ha e alua es
p elimina y design ideli y by he esul s o equi emen s o
ade s udies, p o o yping, and c i ical echnology
demons a ions. PDR will es ablish he alloca ed baseline and
con i m ha he sys em unde e iew is eady o p oceed in o
he nex phase o sys em de elopmen wi h allowable isk
ag eed o by all s akeholde s [9].
CDR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew ha e alua es
echnical a e ac s o ensu e ha a sys em can p oceed in o
he nex phase o sys em de elopmen , which consis s o
manu ac u ing and es ing, and mee ing s a ed pe o mance
equi emen s wi hin cos , schedule, and isk [9].
MRR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew ha e alua es i a
p oduc 's design and manu ac u ing plan a e eady o
p oduc ion, which iden i ies and mi iga es any isks be o e
manu ac u ing. Signi ican a eas o an MRR e iew include
checking he design, p oduc ion p ocesses, pe sonnel,
acili ies, and quali y managemen sys ems o ensu e he
p oduc can be buil on ime, wi hin budge , and o he
equi ed quali y and quan i y [9].
TRR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew ha e alua es i a
sys em is ok o s a o mal sys em es ing by assessing es
objec i es, me hods, p ocedu es, and sa e y equi emen s. I
ensu es ha all esou ces, such as pe sonnel, equipmen , and
documen a ion, a e in place. Addi ionally, i assu es all
s akeholde s ha he sys em has su icien design and
planning o p oceed o he nex phase. A success ul TRR
con i ms ha planned es s align wi h p og am equi emen s
and use needs [9].
SVR - A o mal sys em-le el e iew ha e alua es he
sys em-le el pe o mance o he p oduc by e iewing he
e i ica ion epo s o de e mine i he con igu a ion end i em
mee s i s i em pe o mance speci ica ions as documen ed in
he alloca ed baseline pos SRR e iew [9].
D. Bene i s and challenges o Agile, T adi ional and
Hyb id me hodologies
Agile, Sys ems Enginee ing V-Model, and hyb id agile
p ojec managemen p ocesses each ha e hei own bene i s
and challenges. Based on he li e a u e o each o hese
me hods, an o e iew o he app oaches, wi h hei key
bene i s and challenges, is shown in Figu e 2 below.
In eg a ing Agile and he Sys ems V-Model: P oposing a Hyb id Solu ion
16
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
[Fig. 2: Agile Hyb id Bene i s and Challenges]
III. METHODOLOGY
The Agile V model eme ged om a combina ion o
p ac i ione expe ience in p oduc de elopmen , p ojec
managemen , and sys ems enginee ing, coupled wi h a
comp ehensi e li e a u e e iew ha iden i ied esea ch gaps
aligned wi h he au ho s' knowledge. Based on he li e a u e,
Agile me hods ha e p o en e ec i e o so wa e
de elopmen , ye he s ic , so wa e-o ien ed Agile app oach
has been challenging o apply o ha dwa e-based p ojec s.
The implemen a ion o Agile p inciples as a s andalone
app oach e ealed signi ican de iciencies du ing he
execu ion o es ablished sys em enginee ing miles ones,
including he Sys em Requi emen s Re iew (SRR),
P elimina y Design Re iew (PDR), and C i ical Design
Re iew (CDR). To econcile Agile implemen a ion wi h
Sys ems V equi emen s, a hyb id s a egy was equi ed. The
Agile Sys ems V Model de elopmen p ocess used a
sys ema ic app oach ha uni ed ield-p ac i ione knowledge
wi h ex ensi e esea ch in o de iciencies in p ojec
managemen amewo ks. The de elopmen p ocess
consis ed o ou s ages: documen ing p ac i ione
expe iences, conduc ing a sys ema ic li e a u e e iew o
Agile-S age-Ga e and Agile-V-Model combina ions, and
combining hese indings o c ea e he new Agile Sys ems V
Model.
A. P ac i ione Expe ience
The Agile V models' ounda ion was buil on p ac i ione
knowledge om p ojec s ha used bo h he Sys ems
Enginee ing V-Model and Agile amewo ks. The p ojec
managemen eam gained speci ic expe ise h ough hei
wo k wi h ga e-con olled p ocesses in con olled se ings and
hei implemen a ion o Agile echniques in so wa e
de elopmen p ojec s. The eam membe s showed in ense
in e es in combining Agile's i e a i e me hods wi h V-
Model-s uc u ed e i ica ion s eps o imp o e e iciency and
educe o e all ime o ma ke .
B. Li e a u e O e iew on Hyb id Models
The li e a u e e iew iden i ied ou Agile hyb id models
ha in eg a e Agile wi h adi ional me hods o p oduc
de elopmen managemen as summa ized in he ollowing
able. The indings show ha Agile Hyb id models p o ide
bene i s in e ms o imp o ed ime- o-ma ke me ics, eam
communica ion and cohesion, and lexibili y. Con e sely, i
shows challenges wi h managemen suppo , in eg a ion
guidance, and model alida ion. These concep s a e excellen
in heo y, bu he p oposed Agile V model del es deepe and
p o ides ools o p ojec planning and execu ion in complex
p oduc de elopmen p ojec s.
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen and Humani ies (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-12 Issue-3, No embe 2025
17
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
[Fig.3: Agile Hyb id Model Compa ison]
C. Expe ience and Li e a u e Re iew Syn hesis
The nex phase o he Me hodology combined knowledge
om p ac i ione expe ience wi h he li e a u e e iew.
Findings show ha bo h p ac i ione s and pee - e iewed
li e a u e ace simila challenges. Challenges include a lack
o execu i e unde s anding o Agile, communica ion
complica ions be ween execu i es and de elopmen eams,
cul u al esis ance, and di icul ies wi h ha dwa e in eg a ion
and Agile philosophies. The ma ching hemes be ween hese
wo domains s eng hened he alidi y o he iden i ied
p oblems and iden i ied he need o a hyb id solu ion o help
close hese gaps. This syn hesis p ocess used a sys ema ic
compa ison o p ac i ione expe ience and academic indings
o de elop a model ha combines heo e ical ounda ions
wi h eal-wo ld applica ions.
D. De elopmen o he Agile Sys ems V Model
The p oposed Agile Sys ems V Model was de i ed as a
hyb id solu ion ha combines Agile wi h he Sys ems
Enginee ing V-Model. The model me ges he adi ional V-
Model in o an Agile sp in -based s uc u e while s ill
main aining equi emen - o- e i ica ion aceabili y
h oughou he e i ica ion s ages as de ined by [14]. The
model enables execu i e leade s o moni o p og am
execu ion while p o iding de elopmen eams wi h a ocused
iew o Agile wo k execu ion. This is needed because he
execu i e eam ypically moni o s p ojec pe o mance a a
high le el and is in e es ed in he s a us o signi ican
miles ones. Secondly, he execu i e eam usually consis s o
people who a e no well- e sed in Agile p inciples and
unde s and he adi ional, miles one-d i en amewo k
be e . The model connec s sp in s wi h Sys ems V
miles ones h ough a cen al alignmen ep esen a ion isual
sys em. The model p o ides a sys em-le el miles one
isibili y ool o leade ship o e sigh and a backlog
managemen ool o iden i y and manage wo k a e ac s o
p oduc de elopmen and egula o y con o mance. The
model in eg a es backlog managemen in o he V-Model
isual aid o de ine backlog con en and main ain comple e
a e ac acking be ween sp in s and sys ems enginee ing V
miles ones. The Agile Sys ems V Model in eg a es hese
ea u es o sol e he iden i ied p oblems by (1) enhancing
execu i e o e sigh , (2) handling sys em in eg a ion
challenges and o e sigh , (3) conside ing cons ain s o
physicali y, and (4) es ablishing a me hod o backlog
planning and managemen . The esul ing me hodology
combines Agile lexibili y wi h V-Model s uc u e o add ess
he esea ch need ac oss bo h p ac ical applica ions and he
li e a u e. Figu e 4 p o ides an o e iew o he Me hodology
de elopmen p ocess.
[Fig.4: Me hodology]
In eg a ing Agile and he Sys ems V-Model: P oposing a Hyb id Solu ion
18
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
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Published By:
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IV. AGILE V MODEL INTRODUCTION
[Fig 5: Agile V Co e Concep s]
The Agile Sys em V-Model combines he Agile V O e lay
wi h he CAB o c ea e a p ac ical amewo k o p oduc
de elopmen . The V O e lay shows how Agile sp in s
in eg a e wi hin he Sys ems-V imeline s uc u e. The CAB
se es as he co e o ganiza ional uni which enables p ojec
and sp in planning ac i i ies ha execu i es o en eel a e
lacking in Agile hyb id models.
I e a ion, Inno a ion, and Objec i e-D i en execu ion a e
he h ee main pilla s o he Agile V Model. The in eg a ion
o hese componen s p o ides a s uc u ed me hod o p oduc
de elopmen . I e a ion is achie ed h ough he CAB
managemen , Sp in Re iews, and Sys ems V in eg a ion.
Secondly, Inno a ion is achie ed by iden i ying new
s a egies o de eloping backlog a e ac s, imp o ing
de elopmen e iciency, and ad ancing new echnologies o
enhance sys em de elopmen . Las ly, p o ide an Objec i e-
D i en en i onmen s emming om he sys ems V
amewo k, which u ilises Ga e Re iews o d i e execu ion
igou , imp o e leade ship communica ion, and enhance
o e all PoP Managemen wi hin a Sp in - o-Sp in Agile
amewo k. Figu e 3 highligh s he model’s key componen s,
which we e de i ed om p ac i ione s’ expe ience and he
li e a u e e iew.
V. AGILE V OVERLAY
The Agile V O e lay Model p esen s a isual ep esen a ion
ha me ges he sys ems V Model wi h he Sp in cycles
h oughou he p oduc de elopmen li ecycle. This ool
enables imp o ed s a egic planning, esou ce managemen ,
and isk and oppo uni y managemen . The ex ended
planning cycle enables agile planning o wo k execu ion o
align wi h adi ional sys ems enginee ing miles ones
downs eam o he p oduc de elopmen li ecycle. The hyb id
app oach demons a es po en ial o imp o e sys ems
enginee ing concep s by combining adap able me hods wi h
s uc u ed, miles one-based app oaches. In summa y, he
o e lay model is used o lay ou he enginee ing li ecycle and
ie Sys ems V ga es o Sp in s o planning. I also p o ides a
mechanism o ack he p ojec 's p og ess. Some imes,
p ojec p og ess ge s los in sp in s, leading o a loss o sigh
o he big pic u e. This o e lay pic u e is help ul o he
Execu i e and De elopmen eams. The Agile O e lay is
depic ed in Figu e 4. Ga e Re iew Miles one & Enginee ing
Li ecycle Phases de ini ions can be ound in Appendix B.
[Fig.6: Agile V O e lay]
A. Sp in s & P og am In eg a ion Cycles In eg a ion
wi h Sys ems V Miles ones
In ypical Agile p ac ice, sp in s a e ixed-leng h, ime-
boxed i e a ions in which c oss- unc ional eams deli e
inc emen al p og ess on sys em de elopmen . A e sp in
planning is comple e, sp in execu ion begins. The sp in
cycle concludes wi h a sp in e ospec i e ha e lec s on he
sp in jus comple ed. I s p ima y pu pose is o enable he
eam o e alua e hei pe o mance, p ocesses, and
collabo a ion, iden i ying wha wen well, wha could be
imp o ed, and how o implemen changes o u u e sp in s.
The leng h o a sp in depends on o ganisa ional needs and
he p ojec 's complexi y. Typically, sho e sp in s enable
apid adap a ion in apidly changing en i onmen s, while
longe sp in s allow o mo e ho ough p og ess in mo e
challenging en i onmen s. The model uses sp in du a ion o
align wi h V-Model ga es, enabling eams o deli e
inc emen al wo k o suppo miles one goals while
main aining adap abili y o equi emen changes. PICs
o e see eam ou pu coo dina ion, manage la ge wo k
packages, and ensu e p og am-wide goal alignmen . PICs
ope a e wi h a di e en app oach han sp in s, ocusing on
s a egic alignmen h ough la ge wo k packages ha help
achie e p og am-le el goals. Basically, he PIC philosophy
p o ides a longe planning cycle han a ypical 30-day sp in
o enable longe - e m planning.
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen and Humani ies (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-12 Issue-3, No embe 2025
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DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
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B. Sp in - o-Miles one Alignmen
Sp in s 1 h ough 3 p oduce a e ac s which se e as e iew
packages o he Sys em Requi emen s Re iew (SRR). The
h ee sp in s included all backlog i ems om he CAB
equi ed o ul il SRR equi emen s. Sp in s 4–6 ocus on
p oducing he a e ac s equi ed o suppo he P elimina y
Design Re iew (PDR). These sp in s add ess all backlog
i ems iden i ied in he CAB ha a e c i ical o achie ing PDR
objec i es. In addi ion o moni o ing and upda ing he
a e ac s c ea ed du ing Sp in s 1–3, new e o s ocus on
ad ancing speci ica ions, e ining equi emen s, and
ma u ing p og amma ic plans, such as make/buy s a egies,
supplie managemen app oaches, and isk mi iga ion
planning. The de elopmen o C i ical Design Re iew (PDR)
suppo ing a e ac s con inues h ough Sp in s 7–11. The
de elopmen wo k om Sp in s 4–6 se es as he base o
hese sp in s, which comple e all backlog i ems om he CAB
o achie e PDR objec i es. The cu en phase equi es eams
o enhance speci ica ions and equi emen s, ad ance
make/buy plans, and e ine supplie managemen app oaches.
The eam de elops essen ial plans and p ocedu es o help he
p ojec mee downs eam e iew equi emen s and sys em
deli e y needs. The design enginee ing wo k du ing hese
sp in s’ ad ances om 10–20% d awing de elopmen o
mo e ma u e design s ages, eaching a 90% d awing
comple ion eadiness le el o suppo CDR. The expanded
enginee ing ou pu se es wo essen ial pu poses: deli e ing
i al in o ma ion o he PDR assessmen and laying he
ounda ion o he C i ical Design Re iew (CDR) phase. The
de elopmen o Manu ac u ing Readiness Re iew (MRR)
suppo ing a e ac s con inues h ough Sp in s 12–17. The
sys ems enginee ing p ocess builds on he design ma u i y
om Sp in s 7–11, p og essing owa d manu ac u ing and
p oduc ion eadiness. The emaining backlog i ems om he
CAB which ma ch MRR equi emen s a e ocused on
ul illing bo h echnical and p og amma ic equi emen s o
comple e MRR. The eams enhance sys em equi emen s o
p oduc ion equi emen s while making inal pu chasing
decisions o ooling and manu ac u ing eadiness. The
de elopmen o de ailed manu ac u ing p ocedu es, assembly
plans, quali y assu ance p o ocols, and con igu a ion
managemen sys ems con inues o suppo p oduc ion
capabili y e i ica ion e o s as pa o he MRR. The design
enginee ing p ocess mo es o wa d wi h d awing
de elopmen ha eaches comple e de ini ion o p oduc ion,
ab ica ion, and in eg a ion pu poses. Sp in s 18 h ough 19
consis o all he necessa y wo k equi ed o conduc a TRR
success ully. All equi ed a e ac s unde he inpu c i e ia a e
iden i ied in he CAB. This is he poin in he p ojec whe e
a ansi ion occu s om manu ac u ing o sys ems es ing
eadiness e iew. The p ima y in en o hese sp in s is o
de elop he a e ac s o he equi ed es ing documen a ion,
es ing acili y eadiness, es ing pe sonnel eadiness, and
es ing equipmen needed o conduc he sys em es . The
de elopmen o Sys em Ve i ica ion Re iew (SVR)
suppo ing a e ac s occu s du ing Sp in s 20-23. The Sys em
Ve i ica ion Re iew (SVR) equi es his phase o demons a e
ha he manu ac u ed sys em ul ils all equi emen s. The
sys em design and manu ac u ing ou pu s a e alida ed
h ough ex ensi e es ing du ing Sp in s 20–23,
demons a ing ha he p oduc mee s all con ac ual and
cus ome equi emen s. The p og am achie es eadiness o
he Sys em Ve i ica ion Re iew h ough hese deli e ables,
which also c ea e a base o accep ance and ope a ional
eadiness ansi ion. The main objec i e o Sp in 24 is o
comple e and e iew all necessa y a e ac s ha will enable
sys em deli e y o he cus ome . The sys em uses e i ied
ou pu s om Sp in s 20–23 and SVR success o c ea e
deli e y- eady p oduc s and documen a ion. The sp in
ocuses on comple ing CAB backlog i ems ha ul il deli e y
needs and mee con ac ual, echnical, and logis ical
equi emen s. The sp in p oduces comple e con igu a ion
managemen eco ds, es epo s, and quali y a e ac s
necessa y o cus ome buy-o . The sp in also uni ies
supplie close-ou packages wi h compliance s a emen s o
p o e comple e equi emen ul ilmen h oughou he supply
chain and p oduc de elopmen li ecycle. The a e ac s
p oduced du ing Sp in 24 se e as comple e p oo o
p og am comple ion, enabling a sys em ha ul ils
equi emen s and mee s s akeholde expec a ions while being
ope a ionally eady. A comp ehensi e lis ing o all a e ac s
and hei de ini ions is in Appendix A. A comp ehensi e
lis ing and desc ip ion o li ecycle phases is a ailable in
Appendix C.
C. S a egic Miles one Alignmen Ba s
The Agile V-Model ope a es h ough wo dis inc
communica ion pa hways ha a ge di e en s akeholde
g oups ia he Execu i e/Leade ship Ba and he
De elopmen Ba . The Agile V O e lay includes ools ha
add ess he ongoing challenge o connec ing execu i e
o e sigh o Agile de elopmen . Typically, execu i es a e
mo e amilia wi h adi ional p ojec managemen
amewo ks and can’ see he “big pic u e” wi hin Agile
cycles. The Execu i e/Leade ship Ba shows he o e all
de elopmen s a us o majo V-Model miles ones, including
Sys em Requi emen s Re iew (SRR), P elimina y Design
Re iew (PDR), C i ical Design Re iew (CDR),
Manu ac u ing Readiness Re iew (MRR), Sys em
Ve i ica ion Re iew (SVR), and Deli e y.
VI. CAB OVERVIEW
The CAB is a ool ha will main ain and moni o all
backlog a e ac s which ul il compliance and egula o y
needs h oughou he PoP. The ca ego isa ion me hod c ea es
a uni ied sys em ha links wo k a e ac s o sp in cycles and
majo Sys ems V miles ones o moni o ing ac oss agile
de elopmen cycles and ga e e iews. The CAB es ablishes a
logical sequence o physical deli e ables, consis ing o he
Digi al Modelling, Addi i e Manu ac u ing, Enginee ing
De elopmen Uni , Quali ica ion Uni , and Final Quali ied
Design Uni s ages. This amewo k iden i ies ypical
ha dwa e e olu ion ha “pu e Agile” sys ems s uggle wi h.
The CAB iden i ies backlog o de s, which guide eams on
wo k sequencing by wo king all a e ac s in pa allel a he
han ollowing a sequen ial inish- o-s a me hod. The
pa allel p ocessing me hod speeds up de elopmen schedules
while main aining lexibili y, which suppo s he model's goal
o me ging as de elopmen wi h con olled sys ems
enginee ing p ac ices. The CAB
se es as an adap able s a ing
poin o Agile V-Model a e ac
In eg a ing Agile and he Sys ems V-Model: P oposing a Hyb id Solu ion
20
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
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managemen , which o ganisa ions can cus omise o mee
hei speci ic o ganisa ional and egula o y equi emen s. The
CAB aligns wi h a ious compliance equi emen s and
p ojec needs h ough i s adap able design, which suppo s
aceabili y and scalabili y. An o e iew o he CAB is
depic ed in Figu e 5 below, and he comple e CAB is a ached
in A achmen 1.
[Fig.7: Comp ehensi e Adap i e Backlog (CAB)]
A. Backlog A e ac s
The CAB se es as he co e elemen o he Agile V-Model
by c ea ing a lexible da abase which expands he s anda d
Agile backlog o suppo ha dwa e-based and egula o y
equi emen s. The sys em cap u es all enginee ing a e ac
deli e ables, which include digi al models, enginee ing
d awings, design in o ma ion, es plans, es epo s,
compliance documen a ion, and ce i ica ion e idence. All
his accumula ed e idence is ypically e e ed o as he ADP
(Accep ance Da a Package), which con ains all he necessa y
in o ma ion cus ome s equi e o accep he deli e able
ha dwa e. The e a e wo hings o deli e in la ge-scale
sys ems enginee ing de elopmen p oduc s: 1) he physical
ha dwa e i sel and 2) he documen a ion ha shows
compliance wi h egula o y equi emen s. The i ems ollow
a s uc u ed a angemen ha links o essen ial V-Model
s ages, including SRR, PDR, CDR, MRR, SVR, and
Deli e y, o mee p og am a ge s and comply wi h egula o y
s anda ds. The CAB enables lexible Agile i e a ion and
miles one-d i en o e sigh h ough i s p oduc s uc u e,
which suppo s eams in managing complex changes and
main aining compliance h oughou he en i e p ocess.
B. Digi al Modelling
The p ocess o digi al modelling s a s wi h ha dwa e
de elopmen , including he c ea ion o i ual sys em
ep esen a ions such as ske ches, 3D models, and simula ions.
The Agile V-Model equi es his wo k o be comple ed du ing
he i s sp in s o achie e he SRR and PDR miles ones. In
some cases, he e could be physical models and p o o ypes by
he SRR/PDR ime ame. The eam conduc s mul iple ounds
o model enhancemen based on s akeholde eedback,
p oducing CAD d awings and simula ion a e ac s. The CAB
acks ou pu o igins h ough i s managemen sys em, and he
Agile V O e lay allows eams o connec hei wo k p og ess
o miles one assessmen s o pe o mance acking by bo h
eam membe s and execu i es. The i e a i e app oach allows
designe s o make quick adjus men s ha would be
challenging o achie e in he s anda d V-Model p ocess.
C. Addi i e Manu ac u ing
The p ocess o addi i e manu ac u ing c ea es physical
p o o ypes om comple e digi al models h ough 3D p in ing
o e i y i , o m, and, i applicable, unc ional pe o mance.
The s age is p epa ed o he C i ical Design Re iew. The
i e a i e p o o yping p ocess in sp in s enables eams o
e alua e ha dwa e concep s by es ing p o o ypes, which
p oduce expe imen al esul s and ma e ial analysis indings.
The CAB con ains i ems ha mee he e iew equi emen s,
and he Agile V O e lay moni o s p og ess owa d he
miles one. The p ocess educes de elopmen ime by
enabling quick eedback cycles ha ou pe o m con en ional
sequen ial p o o yping.
D. Enginee ing De elopmen Uni (EDU)
The Enginee ing De elopmen Uni in eg a es mechanical
and elec ical componen s in o a wo king p o o ype, enabling
comple e sys em es ing. The EDU needed mul iple
de elopmen sp in s leading up o he Manu ac u ing
Readiness Re iew o each mechanical in eg i y and basic
unc ional pe o mance alida ion eadiness o eams. The
EDU uni s ypically s a a e he PDR, as he design begins.
EDU uni s a e used o p elimina y es ing a ea ly s ages o
he design. The Agile V O e lay sys em p o ides an
e ec i e way o iden i y whe e
in he p ocess he sys em design
is. F om expe ience, execu i es
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen and Humani ies (IJMH)
ISSN: 2394-0913 (Online), Volume-12 Issue-3, No embe 2025
21
Re ie al Numbe : 100.1/ijmh.C185012031125
DOI: 10.35940/ijmh.C1850.12031125
Jou nal Websi e: www.ijmh.o g
Published By:
Blue Eyes In elligence Enginee ing
& Sciences Publica ion (BEIESP)
© Copy igh : All igh s ese ed.
some imes ge los in sp in s and s uggle o see he big
pic u e, especially when i comes o physical p oduc
de elopmen cycles.
E. Quali ica ion Uni
The EDU alida ion p ocess esul s in he c ea ion o
quali ica ion uni s, which mus unde go o mal es ing and
e i ica ion in ope a ional se ings. Quali ica ion uni
de elopmen ypically begins a e CDR app o al, as he
miles one es ablishes he p oduc baseline. The CAB acks
en i onmen al es da a, compliance da a, and
e i ica ion/ es epo s gene a ed du ing his s age o e i y
compliance wi h equi emen s.
F. Fully Quali ied Design Uni
The las p oduc ion phase p oduces ope a ional- eady
ha dwa e p oduc s ha ha e comple ed quali ica ion. The las
s age o he sp in includes comple ing in eg a ion wo k, use
accep ance es ing, and p epa ing quali ica ion
documen a ion. The CAB e i ies ha all a e ac s, such as
compliance e idence and inal design packages, a e inished
and ha e p ope aceabili y. The Agile V O e lay ep esen s
he inal s age o pe o mance, which uni es lexible i e a i e
wo k wi h s ic miles one-based moni o ing.
G. De elopmen A e ac Alloca ion o Sp in s and
Miles ones
The Agile Sys ems V-Model uses he CAB as i s cen al
eposi o y o all a e ac s needed o comple e he p ojec
scope wi hin o ganisa ional and egula o y equi emen s. I
uses a sys ema ic app oach o iden i y and dis ibu e a e ac s
be ween sp in s and miles ones by placing each i em be o e
assigning i o a sp in and P og am In eg a ion Cycle (PIC)
while connec ing i o i s suppo ing Sys ems V miles one.
The Agile V O e lay con ains comple ion poin s ha indica e
when a e ac s mus be comple ed, and s a poin s ha de ine
when wo k ac i i ies mus begin. The philosophy is ha all
a e ac s should s a a he same ime (Au ho isa ion o
P oceed) and p og ess h ough he p oduc de elopmen
p ocess. The goal is o execu e asks in pa allel (s a - o-s a )
a he han se ially ( inish- o-s a ).
VII. DISCUSSION
The Agile Sys ems V Model combines he philosophies o
Agile and he Sys ems Enginee ing V Model o add ess ou
main conce ns iden i ied in he li e a u e and p ac i ione s'
expe ience. The ou conce ns a e 1) In eg a ion complexi y,
2) backlog managemen , 3) execu i e o e sigh , and 4)
cons ain s o physicali y. The p e ious amewo ks showed
Agile and S age-Ga e p inciples could wo k oge he , bu hey
did no p o ide speci ic ope a ional me hods o hei
in eg a ion. The Agile Sys ems V Model esol es his gap by
in eg a ing he Agile V O e lay & CAB. The Agile Sys ems
V Model is a heo e ical amewo k ha equi es
expe imen al es ing o demons a e i s e ec i eness. The
model needs u he esea ch o de e mine how backlog
p io i isa ion, cos managemen , and esou ce dis ibu ion
should ope a e wi hin la ge, unc ion-based eams. A ques ion
ha a ises is: “Wha ype o o ganisa ion s uc u e suppo s
an Agile V model?” Addi ionally, unde s anding how a el
ime would impac he wo k low and backlog is essen ial.
Would Ea ned Value Managemen , which is ypically used in
adi ional me hods, be used in he Sys ems V model? In eal-
wo ld scena ios, all wo k isn’ always comple ed on ime, so
i he job is no comple ed wi hin planned sp in s, does ha
uncomple ed wo k ini ia e a new sp in ? O is he cu en
sp in p olonged? The model equi es addi ional esea ch o
de elop ope a ional elemen s and es i s abili y o scale up
o p ac ical implemen a ion. To comple e model alida ion,
u u e wo k will use a mixed-me hods esea ch design o
assess he Agile Sys ems V Model h ough su eys and semi-
s uc u ed in e iews o cap u e p ac i ione s' expe ience.
VIII. CONCLUSION & FORWARD WORK
The Agile V Hyb id Model se es as a p ac i ione -cen ic
amewo k ha combines Agile adap abili y wi h he Sys ems
Enginee ing V-Model's sys ema ic s uc u e. The model
enables sp in alignmen h ough miles one e iews ia he
Agile V O e lay and CAB, which suppo planning and
execu ion while also inhibi ing execu i e o e sigh . The
Agile V-Model p o ides a isual amewo k ha enables
o ganisa ions o implemen heo e ical models o managing
highly egula ed so wa e and ha dwa e p ojec s. The
manusc ip o e s bo h heo e ical and p ac ical aspec s o he
amewo k. Ye , u u e s udies need o demons a e hei
ope a ional alue h ough mixed-me hods esea ch ha
combines p ac i ione in e iews wi h indus y case s udies o
e alua e hei p ac icali y, e ec i eness, and b oade
applicabili y. The Agile V Hyb id Model enables esea che s
and p ac i ione s o ackle cu en p oduc de elopmen
challenges h ough i s adap able amewo k, which
inco po a es o e sigh elemen s o inno a i e wo k. The
p oposed Agile V-Model alida ion will use a mixed-me hods
esea ch design, which combines su ey da a wi h semi-
s uc u ed in e iew esponses o collec eedback om
p ac i ione s who use Agile in hei ac ual wo k
en i onmen s. The su eys will use Like -scale ques ions o
measu e p ac i ione sa is ac ion and sys em de elopmen
p ocess imp o emen s, and o collec quan i a i e da a abou
model e ec i eness, usabili y, and p ojec ou come impac .
The esea ch will use semi-s uc u ed in e iews o ga he
quali a i e da a ha will help p ac i ione s explain hei
expe iences, p esen hei challenges, and p opose
imp o emen s. The mixed-me hods app oach will alida e
he Agile V-Model, demons a e i s eal-wo ld usabili y, and
e eal po en ial enhancemen s. Ini ials ha e been comple ed,
and he ini ial indings do show posi i e signs. Some indings
p o ided aluable sugges ions o model imp o emen ,
which ha e been inco po a ed.
DECLARATION STATEMENT
A e agg ega ing inpu om all au ho s, I mus e i y he
accu acy o he ollowing in o ma ion as he a icle's au ho .
▪ Con lic s o In e es / Compe ing In e es s: Based on
my unde s anding, his a icle has no con lic s o
in e es .
▪ Funding Suppo : This a icle has no been unded by
any o ganiza ions o agencies. This independence
ensu es ha he esea ch is
conduc ed wi h objec i i y
