Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e173562
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e173562
Taxonomy & In en o ies
Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia
S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a, S a hmopodidae)
om Ko ea wi h checklis
In-Won Jeong , So a Kim
‡ Jeonbuk Na ional Uni e si y, Jeonju, Republic o Ko ea
Co esponding au ho : So a Kim ([email protected] )
Academic edi o : Bong-Kyu Byun
Recei ed: 30 Sep 2025 | Accep ed: 31 Oc 2025 | Published: 18 No 2025
Ci a ion: Jeong I-W, Kim S (2025) Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a,
S a hmopodidae) om Ko ea wi h checklis . Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e173562.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/BDJ.13.e173562
Abs ac
Backg ound
The genus A kinsonia in he amily S a hmopodidae comp ises 13 species desc ibed
wo ldwide and only one is eco ded om he Ko ean Peninsula. Despi e his low species
ichness, he genus shows b oad ecological di e si y a he la al s age, anging om
phy ophagy o ca ni o y, which suppo s he need o a comp ehensi e axonomic s udy.
New in o ma ion
We epo A kinsonia beijingana as a newly- eco ded species om he Ko ean
Peninsula. We desc ibe he adul mo phology and geni alia. A wo ldwide checklis o
A kinsonia species and hei dis ibu ions is also p o ided o imp o e unde s anding o
he genus.
‡ ‡
© Jeong I, Kim S. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY
4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
Keywo ds
S a hmopodidae, A kinsonia, checklis , new eco d
In oduc ion
The amily S a hmopodidae, i s desc ibed in 1913, is a amily wi hin he supe amily
Gelechioidea, cu en ly comp ising app oxima ely 400 species in 40 gene a ( an
Nieuke ken e al. 2011). While some species wi hin his amily a e conside ed se ious
ag icul u al pes s, he g oup exhibi s ecological di e si y wi h species eeding on moss,
e n spo es, aphids and o he subs a es depending on he species (Te ada 2016).
Despi e his di e si y, he small size and high in e speci ic simila i y o hese mo hs ha e
made species iden i ica ion challenging, limi ing ex ensi e esea ch on he amily (Kim e
al. 2017). Resea ch has been pa icula ly sca ce o gene a o he han S a hmopoda,
which accoun s o mo e han hal o all desc ibed species in he amily (Te ada 2016).
Amongs hese, A kinsonia, desc ibed by S ain on (1859), shows di e se ecological
cha ac e is ics despi e i s ela i ely low species di e si y. This genus is mainly dis ibu ed
in Asia and exhibi s a wide ange o ecological ai s, om phy ophagy on oak ees o
ca ni o y on aphids (Mo imo o and Shibao 1993, Shen e al. 2024). Ca ni o y is
excep ionally a e wi hin Lepidop e a, occu ing in less han 0.13% o he app oxima ely
200,000 species (Rubino e al. 2025). Only 13 species ha e been eco ded wi hin his
genus, including wo newly-desc ibed species in 2016 (Wang e al. 2016). On he Ko ean
Peninsula, he ca ni o ous species A. ignipic a (Bu le ), which eeds on aphids du ing i s
la al s age, was i s epo ed om Sou h Ko ea in 1983 (Pa k e al. 1983); howe e , no
addi ional species ha e been documen ed since hen. In his s udy, we epo he
phy ophagous species A. beijingana (Yang), which eeds on oak ees, om he Ko ean
Peninsula o he i s ime, based on mo phological cha ac e is ics and geni al s uc u e.
We also e iew he dis ibu ional ange o each species h ough a checklis o he genus.
Ma e ials and me hods
Collec ion
Specimens we e collec ed by sweeping du ing he day and by bucke aps (12 V/20 W)
and ligh aps (220 V/200 W) a nigh . The collec ed ma e ials we e moun ed on
mic opins wi h he ho ax and wings sp ead and d ied in an o en a 50°C o a leas wo
weeks. The specimens we e hen double-moun ed and ans e ed o s o age boxes o
p ese a ion.
Iden i ica ion
Specimens we e iden i ied in acco dance wi h he dissec ion p o ocol o Kim e al. (2017).
All dissec ions we e conduc ed using a Leica EZ4 s e eomic oscope (Leica, Ge many).
Adul and geni alia we e imaged on a Leica S8 APO s e eomic oscope (Leica, Ge many),
2Jeong I, Kim S
i ed wi h a Tucsen Dhyana 400 DC digi al came a (Tucsen, China) and illumina ed by a
Leica LED 5000 HDI dome ligh (Leica, Ge many). Focus-s acked composi es we e
p oduced wi h Mosaic (Tucsen, China) and Helicon Focus (Helicon So , Uk aine) and
images ecei ed mino adjus men s in Adobe Pho oshop 2024 (Adobe, USA).
FE-SEM (Field Emission-Scanning Elec on Mic oscope) imaging
To elucida e ine s uc u es beyond naked-eye esolu ion, we imaged he enulum wi h
FE-SEM. Specimens we e moun ed on SEM s ubs using 5 mm conduc i e ca bon
double-sided ape (Nissin EM Co., Japan). A e e acua ion wi h an Adixen 2005 SD
acuum pump (PFEIFFER VACUUM, Ge many), a pla inum laye was deposi ed o 90 s
wi h a Leica EM ACE200 (Leica, Ge many). Samples we e analyed by Gemini 500 FE-
SEM (Ca l Zeiss, Ge many) ins alled in he Cen e o Uni e si y-wide Resea ch Facili ies
(CURE), a Jeonbuk Na ional Uni e si y, wi h s age posi ioning and o ien a ion managed
in ZEN co e Documen a ion (Ca l Zeiss, Ge many).
Taxon ea men
A kinsonia beijingana (Yang, 1977)
Nomencla u e
Oedema opoda beijingana Yang 1977: 148. Type locali y: China (Beijing).
A kinsonia beijingana (Yang): Sine (2015): 22.
Ma e ials
a. scien i icName: A kinsonia beijingana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: In e eb a e; class:
Insec a; o de : Lepidop e a; amily: S a hmopodidae; genus: A kinsonia; coun y: Ko ea;
s a eP o ince: Gyeonggi; locali y: M . Soyo, Dongducheon-si; e en Da e: 17/05/1997;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: male; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : IPE JBNU-13094;
eco dedBy: Bae e al.; iden i iedBy: In-Won Jeong; language: en; occu enceID:
010B4C70-6B5D-5D98-A5DB-4ED346C3AEE1
b. scien i icName: A kinsonia beijingana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: In e eb a e; class:
Insec a; o de : Lepidop e a; amily: S a hmopodidae; genus: A kinsonia; coun y: Ko ea;
s a eP o ince: Gyeonggi; locali y: M . Soyo, Dongducheon-si; e en Da e: 17/05/1997;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: emale; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : IPE JBNU-13095;
eco dedBy: Bae e al.; iden i iedBy: In-Won Jeong; language: en; occu enceID:
9C8CACC2-996C-554B-9251-09D464914378
c. scien i icName: A kinsonia beijingana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: In e eb a e; class:
Insec a; o de : Lepidop e a; amily: S a hmopodidae; genus: A kinsonia; coun y: Ko ea;
s a eP o ince: Jeollanam; locali y: Gwangam- i, Haebo-myeon, Hampyeong-gun;
e ba imCoo dina es: 35°11'N 126°31'E; e en Da e: 11/06/2010; indi idualCoun : 1; sex:
emale; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : IPE JBNU-13114; eco dedBy: Chae e al.;
iden i iedBy: In-Won Jeong; language: en; occu enceID: 4F3403F5-AC5D-5D2A-846F-
AAFAED2690AE
Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a, ... 3
d. scien i icName: A kinsonia beijingana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: In e eb a e; class:
Insec a; o de : Lepidop e a; amily: S a hmopodidae; genus: A kinsonia; coun y: Ko ea;
s a eP o ince: Jeollanam; locali y: Wonbongbanwol-gil 297, Gwangju-si;
e ba imCoo dina es: 35°12'N 126°50'E; e en Da e: 24/04/2023; indi idualCoun : 1; sex:
male; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : IPE JBNU-13085; eco dedBy: Jiseung Kim;
iden i iedBy: In-Won Jeong; language: en; occu enceID: 9E8B9923-60C9-54B2-8FB1-
D744429F61ED
e. scien i icName: A kinsonia beijingana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: In e eb a e; class:
Insec a; o de : Lepidop e a; amily: S a hmopodidae; genus: A kinsonia; coun y: Ko ea;
s a eP o ince: Jeollanam; locali y: Mong an myeon, Muan-gun; e en Da e: 17/05/2023;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: male; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : IPE JBNU-13223;
eco dedBy: Wonbin Lim; iden i iedBy: In-Won Jeong; language: en; occu enceID:
F269B7E9-3203-5FD4-83B8-490E4E9AB3D2
Desc ip ion
Adul (Fig. 1a, b, c). Wing expanse 11.0-12.0 mm. Head. F ons da k g ey; e ex deep
pu ple; occipu da k g ey. An enna deep pu ple wi h oche ous cilia. Labial palpus
sligh ly upcu ed; i s segmen och e; second segmen pale och ous g ey a he
junc ion wi h i s segmen , o e all g eyish-pu ple; hi d segmen da k g eyish-pu ple
wi h och ous pu ple a he apex. Tongue en ally g eyish-och e, do sally pale g ey.
Tho ax. Tegula o ange. Tho ax o ange; p o ho ax da k g ey; meso ho ax wi h pale
g eyish-sil e a caudal ma gin; me a ho ax da k g ey, pale och e a he caudal
ma gin. Abdomen da k pu ple; second segmen wi h och ous whi e scales caudally;
i h segmen do sally whi e. Wing. Fo e-wing en i ely e milion wi h g ey base,
b igh
e milion a he edge o he apex; inges uscous, ew b igh e milion a he apex.
Hind-wing uscous wi h da k och ous base; in male, one enulum o igina ing om
ou pai s o s ands; in emale, h ee enula o igina ing om each s and; inges
uscous. Male geni alia (Fig. 1d, e). Uncus blun wi h nume ous se ae on he la e al
ma gin; apically bi u ca e and sha p. Gna hos absen . Val a b oad, gen ly ben wice
wi h ound apex, sligh ly wide om he i s ben pa o he second ben pa ,
na owe om he second ben pa o he apex; cos a ound do sally; cucullus bean-
shaped wi h nume ous se ae, sligh ly sho e han wice he leng h o uncus; sacculus
scle o ised, wi h en ally long se ae. Vinculum sho and hick wi h blun apex. Jux a
ound do sally wi h e y gen ly e ices. Anella lobes de eloped, club-shaped.
Aedeagus app oxima ely wice longe han uncus; co nu us absen ; om mid-poin o
apex na owe and scle o ised, o he weakly scle o ised; weakly scle o ised
ec angula pla e nea base; apical pa ch o s imuli scle o ised, wi h acu e apex.
Female geni alia (Fig. 1 ). Papillae anales leng h ca. 1.3 imes longe han wide,
weakly scle o ised, wi h nume ous sho se ae. Eigh h abdominal segmen weakly
scle o ised, cephalodo sally ound, wi h long se ae i egula ly a anged along he
caudal ma gin. Apophyses pos e io es sligh ly 1.5 imes longe han apophyses
an e io es. Os ium bu sae cup-shaped, c escen -shaped scle o ised s uc u e inne .
Duc us bu sae na ow, sligh ly longe han hal o he co pus bu sae. Co pus bu sae
wi h wo c escen -shaped signa nea he caudal ma gin. Duc us seminalis e y
4Jeong I, Kim S
na ow and long, o igina ing a abou hal o duc us bu sae wi h mic ospines o e all;
bulla small, a abou 2/5 o duc us seminalis.
a
b
c
d
e
Figu e 1.
Adul s o A kinsonia beijingana:
a: Adul . Scale ba : 5.0 mm;
b: F enulum o he male;
c: F enula o he emale;
d: Male geni alia. Scale ba : 0.5 mm;
e: Aedeagus. Scale ba : 0.5 mm;
: Female geni alia. Scale ba : 0.5 mm.
Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a, ... 5
Diagnosis
This species is simila o A. ignipic a, bu has di e ences in he ma king o he o e-
wing and s uc u es o he geni alia. In A. ignipic a, he o e-wing is da k ed wi h a
black pos e io ma gin and in he male geni alia, he cos a is angled do sally and he
anella lobes a e o al-shaped. Howe e , in his species, he o e-wing is en i ely
da k
ed and, in he male geni alia, he do sal ma gin o he cos a is ounded and he
anella lobes a e club-shaped.
Checklis o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859
A kinsonia beijingana (Yang, 1977)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda beijingana Yang 1977: 148. Type locali y: China (Beijing).
A kinsonia beijingana (Yang): Sine (2015): 22.
Feeds on:Cas anea c ena a Siebold and Zucc., Cas anopsis kawakamii Haya a,
Que cus acu issima Ca u h. and Q. se a a Mu ay (Fagaceae) (Te ada 2016; Shen
e al. 2024).
Dis ibu ion:Ko ea ( his s udy; Gyeonggi, Jeollanam), Japan (Aichi, Fukuoka,
Hyogo, Kagoshima, Kyo o, Na a, Osaka, Wakayama, Yamaguchi), China (Beijing,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Zhejiang) (Te ada 2016;
Wang e al. 2016; Yagi e al. 2019).
A kinsonia b e isaccula Wang, Guang and Sine , 2016
Nomencla u e:
A kinsonia b e isaccula Wang e al. 2016: 4208. Type locali y: China (Hainan).
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:China (Hainan) (Wang e al. 2016).
A kinsonia bu alis is (S and, 1917)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda bu alis is S and 1917: 152. Type locali y: China (Taiwan).
A kinsonia bu alis is (S and): Wang e al. (2016): 4208.
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:Chian (Taiwan) (Wang e al. 2016).
6Jeong I, Kim S
A kinsonia cle odend onella S ain on, 1859
Nomencla u e:
A kinsonia cle odend onella S ain on 1859: 125. Type locali y: India (Wes Bengal).
Oedema opoda cle odend onella (S ain on): Walsingham (1889): 20.
Feeds on:Cle odend um in o una um L. and Anisomeles indica (L.) Kun ze
(Lamiaceae) (Maxwell-Le oy and Howle 1909; Fle che 1920).
Dis ibu ion:China (Guizhou), India (Biha , Wes Bengal, Ke ala) (Fle che 1920;
Wang e al. 2016; Shamsudeen and Pa hania 2022; Sahoo 2025).
A kinsonia cyp is (Mey ick, 1905)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda cyp is Mey ick 1905: 608. Type locali y: S i Lanka (Kandy).
A kinsonia cyp is (Mey ick): Sine (2015): 22.
Feeds on:Ke ia albizziae (G een) (Hemip e a, Ke iidae) (Mey ick 1905).
Dis ibu ion:S i Lanka (Kandy) (Mey ick 1905)
A kinsonia lammi e a (Mey ick, 1915)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda lammi e a Mey ick 1915: 338. Type locali y: India (Biha ).
A kinsonia lammi e a (Mey ick): Sine (2015): 22.
Feeds on:Mangi e a indica L. (Anaca diaceae) (Fle che 1920).
Dis ibu ion:India (Biha ) (Mey ick 1915).
A kinsonia u ca a (Wang, 2008)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda u ca a Wang and Sun 2008: 37. Type locali y: China (Fujian).
A kinsonia u ca a (Wang): Wang e al. (2016): 4208.
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:China (Fujian) (Wang e al. 2016).
Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a, ... 7
A kinsonia ignipic a (Bu le , 1881)
Nomencla u e:
E e moce a ignipic a Bu le 1881: 593. Type locali y: Japan (Honshu).
Oedema opoda ignipic a (Bu le ): Walsingham (1889): 22-23.
Oedema opoda nohi ai Ma sumu a 1931: 1011.
Oedema opoda semi ub a Mey ick 1936: 619.
A kinsonia ignipic a (Bu le ): Kasy (1976): 429.
Feeds on:Ce a o acuna japonica (Takahashi) (Hemip e a, Aphididae) and
Pseudo egma bambucicola (Takahashi) (Hemip e a, Pemphigidae) ( Mo iu i 1982;
Mo imo o and Shibao 1993).
Dis ibu ion:Ko ea (Gyeonggi), Japan (Hokkaido, Nagano, Gi u, Wakayama,
Ehime), China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan) (Pa k e al. 1983; Te ada 2016; Wang e
al. 2016).
A kinsonia ignispe gens (Diakono , 1948)
Nomencla u e:
Snellenia ignispe gens Diakono 1948: 271. Type locali y: Japan.
A kinsonia ignispe gens (Diakono ): Sine (2015): 22.
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:Japan (Diakono 1948).
A kinsonia pa ignipic a Wang, Guang and Sine , 2016
Nomencla u e:
A kinsonia pa ignipic a Wang e al. 2016: 4208. Type locali y: China (Hainan).
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:China (Henan) (Wang e al. 2016).
A kinsonia py omyia (Mey ick, 1929)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda py omyia Mey ick 1929: 542. Type locali y: India (Meghalaya).
A kinsonia py omyia (Mey ick): Sine (2015): 22.
Feeds on:O egma spp. (Hemip e a, Aphididae) (Fle che 1933).
8Jeong I, Kim S
Dis ibu ion:India (Meghalaya) (Mey ick 1929).
A kinsonia swe lanae Sine , 1988
Nomencla u e:
A kinsonia swe lanae Sine 1988: 120. Type locali y: Russia (P imo sky Te i o y).
Oedema opoda jiyuanica Wang and Sun 2008: 36.
Feeds on:Unknown.
Dis ibu ion:China (Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Russia (Fa Eas ) (
Wang e al. 2016).
A kinsonia enus a (Mey ick, 1913)
Nomencla u e:
Oedema opoda enus a Mey ick 1913: 97. Type locali y: India (Madhya P adesh).
A kinsonia enus a (Mey ick): Sine (2015): 23.
Feeds on:Ke ia lacca (Ke ) (Hemip e a, Ke iidae) (Mey ick 1913).
Dis ibu ion:India (Madhya P adesh) (Mey ick 1913).
Acknowledgemen s
We would like o hank Wonbin Lim (Seoul Na ional Uni e si y) and Jiseung Kim
(Jeonbuk Na ional Uni e si y) o p o iding he la es specimens o he species. This wo k
was suppo ed by a g an om he Honam Na ional Ins i u e o Biological Resou ces
(HNIBR), unded by he Minis y o En i onmen (MOE) o he Republic o Ko ea
(HNIBR202501211). This wo k was also suppo ed by he Na ional Resea ch Founda ion
o Ko ea (NRF) g an unded by he Ko ean go e nmen (MSIT) (No.
RS-2024-00345586).
Re e ences
• Bu le AG (1881) Desc ip ions o new gene a and species o He e oce ous Lepidop e a
om Japan. T ansac ions o he En omological Socie y o London 1881: 579‑600. h ps://
doi.o g/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1873. b01519.x
• Diakono A (1948) Fauna Bu uana, Mic olepidop e a II. T eubia 19: 197‑219.
• Fle che TB (1920) Li e-his o ies o Indian insec s, Mic olepidop e a. 6 h Edi ion. Impe ial
Depa men o Ag icul u e in India
• Fle che TB (1933) Li e-his o ies o Indian Mic olepidop e a. 2, 4. Science Monog aphs,
Impe ial Council o Ag icul u al Resea ch, Delhi.
Newly- eco ded species o he genus A kinsonia S ain on, 1859 (Lepidop e a, ... 9
