Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
30
ISRG PUBLISHERS
Abb e ia ed Key Ti le: Is g J Econ Bus Manag
ISSN: 2584-0916 (Online)
Jou nal homepage: h ps://is gpublishe s.com/is gjebm/
Volume – III Issue - VI (No embe -Decembe ) 2025
F equency: Bimon hly
T ans o ming he T anspo Sec o Th ough Execu i e Educa ion: A Case S udy o
he TETA-Wi s In e na ional Execu i e P og amme
Maphe o Anno-F empong
T anspo Educa ion and T aining Au ho i y (TETA), Sou h A ica
| Recei ed: 05.11.2025 | Accep ed: 10.11.2025 | Published: 18.11.2025
*Co esponding au ho : Maphe o Anno-F empong
Abs ac
This esea ch in es iga es he unc ion o execu i e educa ion in p omo ing leade ship ad ancemen and sec o al ans o ma ion in
Sou h A ica's anspo indus y, using he T anspo Educa ion and T aining Au ho i y (TETA) and Wi s Business School (WBS)
In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP) as a case s udy. Based on human capi al heo y, he esea ch employs a quali a i e
e hnog aphic me hodology, le e aging he expe iences o 15 p og am pa icipan s and he au ho 's inside pe spec i e as he
accoun ing o ice o TETA and a hough leade in anspo a ion and skills de elopmen . Da a we e ga he ed h ough pa icipan
obse a ion, semi-s uc u ed in e iews, documen analysis, and e lec i e jou naling and subsequen ly analysed hema ically. The
indings indica e ha he IEP augmen ed pa icipan s' s a egic managemen , decision-making, and e hical leade ship skills,
esul ing in enhanced ins i u ional pe o mance, go e nance p ac ices, and sec o al ans o ma ion ou comes. Pa icipan s used
hei acqui ed knowledge o p omo e inno a ion, policy cohesion, and o ganisa ional e iciency, illus a ing he ans o ma i e
e ec s o in es ing in human capi al. Challenges like esis ance om he o ganisa ion, a lack o esou ces, and he abili y o scale
up he impac we e iden i ied, indica ing ha ongoing suppo and sys emic alignmen a e needed. The esea ch indica es ha
ocused execu i e educa ion se es as a s a egic acili a o o leade ship and sec o al ans o ma ion, p o iding guidance o
policymake s, indus y p o essionals, and academic ins i u ions aiming o enhance leade ship pipelines and a ain sus ainable
de elopmen goals in in ica e sec o s. To achie e a e u n on in es men , ensu e alue o money, and ob ain sus ainable
ou comes om he IEP p og amme, he s udy ecommends in e en ions aimed a de eloping ans o ma ional leade s who os e
excep ional leade ship and managemen .
Keywo ds:
Execu i e Educa ion; Leade ship De elopmen ; Human Capi al Theo y; Sec o T ans o ma ion; T anspo Sec o ;
Sou h A ica
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
31
1. In oduc ion
Leade ship in Sou h A ica's anspo sec o is essen ial o long-
e m economic g ow h, ai ness, and new ideas. The indus y has
aced nume ous challenges o add ess, such as limi ed
in as uc u e, he need o sus ainabili y, echnological inno a ion,
and making su e e e yone has equal access and ep esen a ion. To
ackle hese issues, he T anspo Educa ion and T aining Au ho i y
(TETA) and Wi s Business School eamed up o s a he
In e na ional Execu i e De elopmen P og amme (IEDP). The
goal o he p og amme is o equip senio manage s wi h leade ship
skills in a ious a eas, enhancing hei capaci y o p o ide s a egic
leade ship o he g ow h and de elopmen o he anspo sec o
in Sou h A ica, which aims o shape p og amme design,
implemen a ion, and imp o e esul s and impac ou comes
(Ngcobo, Akin adewo and Mokoena, 2024).
The IEDP is based on ea lie leade ship p og ammes like he
Leade ship De elopmen P og amme (LDP), he Eme ging
Leade s P og amme (ELP), and he Senio Leade ship
De elopmen P og amme (SLDP) a Wi s Business School. These
p og ammes ha e shown how impo an i is o lea n by doing,
ha e a men o , and see how hings a e done bes a ound he wo ld
in o de o de elop s a egic leade ship skills. The Na ional
De elopmen Plan (NDP 2030) and he T anspo Sec o Skills
Plan (TSSP 2023–2028) o Sou h A ica bo h s ess he need o a
capable, e hical, and de elopmen al s a e. They emphasise
employmen c ea ion, inclusi e g ow h, and sec o al change. The
IEDP suppo s hese goals by ying o speed up he g ow h o
senio manage s om his o ically disad an aged g oups and
imp o e he quali y o wo k in he anspo indus y (Wi s
Uni e si y, 2020; Louw and O un Zube -Ske i , 2009).
The T anspo Educa ion & T aining Au ho i y collabo a ed wi h
Wi s Business School (WBS) o e olu ionise Sou h A ica’s
anspo sec o . Fi een senio manage s and execu i es om he
indus y ga he ed a WBS o he ecen inaugu a ion o a new
sec o -speci ic In e na ional Execu i e De elopmen P og amme
(IEDP), p esen ed by WBS Execu i e Educa ion. The delega es,
ep esen ing he ail, ae ospace, ma i ime, oad eigh , axi, eigh
handling, and o wa ding and clea ing subsec o s, we e
me iculously selec ed ollowing a s ingen e alua ion p ocess.
Thei IEDP will in ol e a p es igious eigh -mon h educa ional
p og amme ha includes an imme sion ou o Spain and Mo occo
(TETA, 2025; WBS, 2025).
This esea ch in es iga es he design, execu ion, and e ec s o he
IEDP, emphasising he co ela ion be ween leade ship
de elopmen and enhancemen s in o ganisa ional pe o mance and
sec o inno a ion. This esea ch in eg a es quali a i e case s udy
me hods wi h e hnog aphic and e lec i e app oaches, yielding a
comp ehensi e, inside -in o med pe spec i e on leade ship
de elopmen in he anspo sec o .
2. P oblem S a emen
The Sou h A ican go e nmen has in es ed a signi ican amoun
o money om na ional iscals in imp o ing skills in Sou h A ica's
anspo sec o ; he e is s ill a big gap be ween echnical skills and
he abili y o lead s a egically. Al hough public sec o manage s
ha e exhibi ed signi ican ad ancemen s in echnical skills, some
s ill lack he leade ship necessa y o s a egic policy de elopmen
and ans o ma ional capaci y ha yields subs an i e change
(Habiya emye, Thobela and Saba, 2025). The ising le els o
co up ion, maladminis a ion, and e hical de iciencies in he sec o
unde mine he go e nmen 's iscal in es men in people and skills
de elopmen . Skills de elopmen de oid o enhanced e hical
compliance and e ec i e go e nance equa es o iscal dumping,
yielding no e u ns on he in es ed e o s (Mlambo, Simangele
and Mpanza, 2023).
This dilemma has also a ec ed he anspo sec o . Consequen ly,
leade ship de elopmen p og ams a e essen ial o add ess echnical
and pe o mance weaknesses, as well as o p o ide public se ice
manage s wi h he skills necessa y o s a egic p o iciency and
me hodical ans o ma ion wi hin he anspo a ion sec o .
Consequen ly, TETA collabo a ed wi h Wi s Uni e si y (Wi s) o
es ablish an In e na ional Execu i e P og amme aimed a os e ing
ans o ma i e leade ship and enhancing ins i u ional capaci y
wi hin he anspo indus y (Ahuchogu, Sanyaolu, & Adele, 2024;
Resea ch o Communi y Access Pa ne ship, 2024).
3. Ra ionale o he S udy
The TETA–WBS pa ne ship exempli ies he collabo a ion
be ween academia and indus y o enhance execu i e leade ship
and acili a e sec o al ans o ma ion, o e ing signi ican insigh s
in o eposi ioning execu i e educa ion as a ca alys o sys emic
change a he han a me e sho - e m aining in e en ion. This
s udy is signi ican in h ee ways: i con ibu es o policy
discussions on aligning leade ship de elopmen wi h na ional
amewo ks such as he NDP 2030, NSDP, and ERRP; i in o ms
sec o al ans o ma ion by elucida ing he impac o leade ship
capaci y on equi y, inno a ion, and go e nance wi hin he anspo
ecosys em; and i en iches academic li e a u e on execu i e
educa ion and leade ship de elopmen in eme ging economies,
o e ing insigh s o c ea ing leade ship p og ammes ha add ess
he needs o hei in ended bene icia ies (Wi s Uni e si y, 2025;
Boha i e al., 2024; Au iacombe and Meye , 2020).
4. Resea ch Objec i es
The p ima y objec i e o his s udy was o analyse he impac o
execu i e educa ion on leade ship de elopmen and sec o al
ans o ma ion in Sou h A ica’s anspo sec o , using he TETA–
Wi s In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP) as a case s udy.
1. Examine he unc ion o execu i e educa ion in
augmen ing leade ship capabili ies, s a egic
managemen p o iciency, and go e nance wi hin he
anspo a ion indus y.
2. E alua e he design, implemen a ion, and ou comes o
he TETA–Wi s In e na ional Execu i e P og amme in
ela ion o sec o ans o ma ion goals.
3. E alua e he deg ee o which he IEP co esponds wi h
na ional skills and ans o ma ion policies, including he
NDP 2030, NSDP, and ERRP.
4. Sugges ways o make u u e execu i e educa ion
p og ams in Sou h A ica's anspo a ion sec o mo e
e ec i e a c ea ing long-las ing leade ship and sys emic
change.
5. Resea ch Ques ions
To achie e he abo e objec i es, he s udy has add essed he
ollowing key ques ions:
1. How does execu i e educa ion con ibu e o leade ship
de elopmen and s a egic managemen wi hin Sou h
A ica’s anspo sec o ?
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
32
2. In wha ways does he TETA–Wi s In e na ional
Execu i e P og amme suppo sec o al ans o ma ion
and leade ship enewal?
3. Whe he he IEP aligned wi h na ional policy
amewo ks and ans o ma ion impe a i es?
4. Wha lessons can be d awn om he TETA–WBS
pa ne ship o imp o e he leade ship and skills
de elopmen in e en ions?
6. Theo e ical and Concep ual
F amewo k
6.1. Theo e ical F amewo k: Human Capi al Theo y
This s udy is based on Human Capi al Theo y. This heo y says
ha in es ing in people h ough educa ion, aining, and
p o essional de elopmen makes hem mo e p oduc i e, c ea i e,
and able o help he economy g ow. In his con ex , educa ion
se es as bo h a social bene i and an economic in es men ,
yielding measu able e u ns o indi iduals and ins i u ions alike.
(Sai maly, 2023; Wu aphan, 2020)
Human Capi al Theo y p o ides a compelling a ionale o
leade ship de elopmen ini ia i es such as he TETA-Wi s
In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP) wi hin he anspo
indus y. The heo y asse s ha as manage s and execu i es
cul i a e ad anced compe encies in leade ship, s a egic
managemen , and go e nance, hey enhance hei capaci y o make
in o med, inno a i e, and e hical decisions. These skills, in u n,
help ins i u ions un mo e smoo hly, se ices un mo e smoo hly,
and he whole sec o change o he be e (Ol ulula , 2025; Maye ,
2024). F om his pe spec i e, execu i e educa ion se es as a
s a egic ins umen o enhancing sec o compe i i eness and
ans o ming he economy and socie y. I ela es o Sou h A ica's
de elopmen goals, which a e spel ou in he Na ional
De elopmen Plan (NDP 2030) and he Na ional Skills
De elopmen Plan (NSDP). Bo h plans say ha in es ing in people
is impo an o g ow h, ai ness, and long- e m success (M hembu
and Nhamo, 2022).
The e o e, he TETA-WBS pa ne ship is mo e han jus an
educa ional pa ne ship; i is a way o u n people in o ins i u ional
capabili y. The p og amme helps build a knowledge-d i en,
inno a i e, and globally compe i i e anspo sec o in Sou h
A ica ha is in line wi h he coun y's ans o ma ion agenda by
gi ing leade s high-le el managemen and s a egic skills.
7. Li e a u e Re iew
7.1 IEDP P og amme O e iew
The In e na ional Execu i e De elopmen P og am (IEDP) is he
p emie execu i e educa ion p og am o e ed by Wi s Business
School (WBS). Th ough i s in e na ional ne wo k o global
business schools and s a egic pa ne o ganisa ions, WBS deli e s
he ul ima e expe ien ial lea ning expe ience. WBS and op
in e na ional schools ha e been deli e ing his P og amme o he
pas 50 yea s. The IEDP de elops business leade s who d i e
change, gene a e oppo uni y, and p o ide inno a i e solu ions o
global business issues, pa icula ly hose ha impac he Global
A ican Diaspo a and he changing global landscape. The cou se is
aimed a execu i es who would like o upda e hei knowledge in
he changing business landscapes and le e age he ne wo k o
a ious ins i u ions and companies a hei esiden uni e si y
(WBS) and h ee p es igious in e na ional ins i u ions (Wi s
Uni e si y, 2025).
7.2 Human Capi al De elopmen and Economic
T ans o ma ion
Human capi al has been ecognised as c ucial o enhancing a
na ion's compe i i eness and ad ancing i s economy and socie y.
Educa ion and aining augmen indi iduals' p oduc i e abili y,
consequen ly enhancing ins i u ional and economic pe o mance.
In es men in human capi al is c ucial o sus ainable economic
ans o ma ion, especially in eme ging na ions whe e skill
de iciencies hinde p oduc ion. The Na ional De elopmen Plan
(NDP 2030) o Sou h A ica asse s ha g ow h and
ans o ma ion necessi a e quali y educa ion, skill de elopmen ,
and leade ship capabili ies. The Na ional Skills De elopmen Plan
(NSDP) asse s he necessi y o enhancing leade ship and
manage ial compe encies in c i ical economic sec o s, such as
anspo a ion, o ensu e policy cohe ence and e ec i e
implemen a ion. The na ion mus cul i a e a ounda ion o adep
and p og essi e leade s o implemen endu ing and inclusi e
e o ms (Ullah e al., 2022; Tan, 2014; Cha opadhyay, 2012).
7.3 Execu i e Educa ion and Leade ship Capaci y
Building
Execu i e educa ion is a ype o adul lea ning ha helps
p o essionals and leade s ge be e a managing and making
s a egic decisions. I ocuses on making be e decisions, being an
e hical leade , and being able o see he big pic u e, all o which a e
impo an o wo king in complex o ganisa ions. Min zbe g (2004)
con ends ha execu i e educa ion mus su pass adi ional
class oom ins uc ion by in eg a ing e lec i e p ac ice,
expe ien ial lea ning, and con ex ual p oblem-sol ing (Schank,
Tallgaue & S a z, 2025; McIn osh, An es & DuBois, 2020).
Ins i u ions like Ha a d Business School, INSEAD, and Ox o d's
Saïd Business School ha e shown ha execu i e educa ion can
change he way leade s hink and ac by making hem mo e open-
minded and esponsi e (An onacopoulou, 2010). Pa ne ships
be ween uni e si ies and Sec o Educa ion and T aining
Au ho i ies (SETAs) in Sou h A ica, such as he one be ween
TETA and Wi s Business School, show how o adap global bes
p ac ices o i local needs while also mee ing na ional needs o
change (Susan Elaine Mu phy & Johnson, 2011).
7.4 Leade ship and Sec o al T ans o ma ion
Mos people ag ee ha leade ship is he key o changing
ins i u ions. T ans o ma ional leade ship helps o ganisa ions align
hei ision, cul u e, and pe o mance wi h he goals o social
change. In a eas like anspo a ion, good leade ship is necessa y o
b ing oge he echnology, in as uc u e g ow h, and changes o
policy. Sou h A ica's e o s o change a e o en slowed down by
weak leade ship pipelines, no enough planning o succession, and
no enough s a egic capaci y a he op le els o managemen .
Leade ship de elopmen is no only a manage ial necessi y bu also
a mo al and s a egic impe a i e — i is essen ial o ensu e ha
ans o ma ion goes beyond compliance and becomes pa o he
cul u e o he o ganisa ion. In he anspo a ion indus y, change
also means ixing pas un ai ness in ep esen a ion, owne ship, and
access o job oppo uni ies. Execu i e educa ion p og ams ha
combine leade ship, go e nance, and ans o ma ional awa eness
a e he e o e especially impo an o making su e ha sec o al
e o m i s wi h he la ge na ional goals o ai ness and inclusion
(Sha ma & Adeoye, 2024; Mei inhos e al., 2023; Wang e al.,
2011).
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
33
7.5 The Role o Pa ne ships in Leade ship De elopmen
Collabo a i e pa ne ships be ween indus y and academia a e
inc easingly acknowledged as essen ial o he de elopmen o
leade ship capaci y. The T iple Helix Model posi s ha inno a ion
and he de elopmen o human capi al lou ish when go e nmen ,
academia, and indus y engage in syne gis ic in e ac ions. The
TETA–Wi s In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP) exempli ies
his app oach by os e ing a collabo a i e lea ning en i onmen
ha in eg a es academic schola ship, indus y expe ience, and
policy con ex . These kinds o pa ne ships make su e ha
leade ship aining is based on eal-wo ld p oblems and no jus
heo y. The IEP's use o applied esea ch, case s udies, and
in e na ional benchma king helps pa icipan s unde s and
leade ship in a way ha is ele an o Sou h A ica's changing
anspo a ion landscape. Human Capi al Theo y says ha a ge ed
educa ion and aining c ea e cumula i e bene i s ac oss sys ems
and ins i u ions. This app oach is in line wi h ha heo y (Zaka ia
e al., 2023; Yang, 2022; Willge od e al., 2020).
7.6 Gaps in he Li e a u e
While many s udies emphasise he signi icance o leade ship and
execu i e educa ion, he e is a lack o empi ical esea ch
examining hei di ec co ela ion wi h sec o al ans o ma ion in
Sou h A ica’s anspo sec o . Mos s udies concen a e on ei he
skills de ici s o gene al leade ship aining, wi h scan ocus on he
e ec s o s uc u ed execu i e p og ammes on s a egic
go e nance, inno a ion, and ans o ma ion ou comes. This gap
highligh s he impo ance o analysing he TETA–Wi s
In e na ional Execu i e P og amme as a case s udy o comp ehend
how execu i e educa ion can be u ilised o econcile he dispa i y
be ween leade ship compe ence and sys emic ans o ma ion in a
complex, policy-d i en sec o (Masa Syl es e Mo adi, 2024;
Osuzoka, 2024).
8. Resea ch Me hodology
8.1 Resea ch Design
This s udy uses a quali a i e e hnog aphic esea ch design o
examine he in e ela ionship among execu i e educa ion,
leade ship de elopmen , and sec o al ans o ma ion in Sou h
A ica’s anspo sec o . E hnog aphy is pa icula ly sui able o
his s udy as i enables a ho ough, con ex ually nuanced analysis
o o ganisa ional p ac ices, leade ship beha iou s, and sec o al
dynamics om an inside ’s pe spec i e (Black e al., 2021;
Albudaiwi, 2018; Schu ink, 2003). The esea ch is loca ed in he
Sou h A ican anspo a ion indus y, speci ically on he T anspo
Educa ion and T aining Au ho i y (TETA) and i s collabo a ion
wi h Wi s Business School o conduc he In e na ional Execu i e
P og am (IEP). This en i onmen o e s a comp ehensi e
amewo k o analysing he impac o execu i e educa ion
p og ams on leade ship capaci y, go e nance p ac ices, and
ou comes o sec o al ans o ma ion. The au ho , who is bo h a
pa icipan -obse e and an accoun ing o ice , has i s hand
expe ience wi h TETA's s a egic planning, p og am
implemen a ion, and moni o ing p ocesses. This gi es hem a
unique pe spec i e on bo h he ope a ional and ans o ma ional
aspec s o leade ship de elopmen (TETA, 2022; Bless, Tso so so
& Geb emichael, 2017).
8.2 Da a Collec ion Techniques
To ensu e iangula ion and a ull unde s anding o he
phenomenon unde in es iga ion, da a we e collec ed using a
a ie y o quali a i e echniques. As he p ima y sou ce o
in o ma ion documen ing leade ship in e ac ions, decision-making
p ocedu es, and he eal-wo ld applica ion o skills lea n h ough
he In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP), pa icipan
obse a ion in ol ed he au ho 's di ec in ol emen in TETA
ope a ions, p og amme o e sigh , and policy implemen a ion
(Vi ek, Nan hagopan and Pi iya ha shan, 2023; Buse o, Wick &
Gumbinge , 2020). To ind ou how he p og am impac ed hei
capaci y o lead, make s a egic choices, and e ec change in hei
ield, 15 pa icipan s we e in e iewed in-dep h using a semi-
s uc u ed o ma . They we e p omp ed o e lec ca e ully on hei
expe iences, di icul ies, and wo k ou comes by open-ended
ques ions. To con ex ualise pa icipan expe iences and assess
p og amme design and esul s, documen analysis included looking
h ough o ganisa ional eco ds, p og amme epo s, policy
documen s, and aining ma e ials (Wakelin, McA a-Coupe &
Fleming, 2024). To eco d ideas, obse a ions, and insigh s while
collabo a ing wi h pa icipan s and conduc ing p og amme
ac i i ies, he au ho also main ained well-o ganised ield no es and
e lexi e jou nals. This u he imp o ed he p ocess o ga he ing
da a (Dahal, 2025; Phillippi & Laude dale, 2017).
8.3 Da a Analysis
The da a we e analysed using hema ic analysis, allowing pa e ns,
concep s, and ela ionships o eme ge om bo h expe ien ial and
documen a y sou ces (B aun & Cla ke, 2006). The analysis
ocused on h ee cen al hemes: (1) Leade ship Capaci y
De elopmen , which assessed how he IEP enhances s a egic,
manage ial, and e hical compe encies; (2) O ganisa ional and
Sec o al T ans o ma ion, examining how imp o ed leade ship
ansla es in o be e go e nance, inno a ion, and sec o al
pe o mance; and (3) Human Capi al Ou comes, e alua ing he
b oade impac o execu i e educa ion on ins i u ional capabili y
and sec o al compe i i eness. The au ho 's inside knowledge,
which combined li ed expe ience and documen a y e idence o
c ea e a comp ehensi e, con ex ually g ounded unde s anding o
he ans o ma i e po en ial o he IEP, made i simple o engage
in i e a i e in e p e a ion while suspending bias o enhance
impa iali y (Ahmed e al., 2025; Walsh e al., 2019).
8.4 E hical Conside a ions
E hical e lexi i y is essen ial o his s udy because he au ho
se es as bo h a esea che and a pa icipan -obse e . A numbe o
s eps ha e been aken, such as keeping he au ho 's posi ionali y
anspa en , p o ec ing he p i acy and anonymi y o p og amme
pa icipan s when app op ia e, and c i ically analysing any
po en ial biases esul ing om inside in ol emen . E o s ha e
been made o educe hese biases by iangula ing wi h
documen a y sou ces and ield obse a ions (Alo diah, 2025;
Jadallah, 2024).
8.5 Limi a ions o he Me hodology
The e hnog aphic me hod may be subjec i e and ha e limi ed
gene alisabili y, despi e p o iding deep, con ex ual insigh s. The
esul s may no be s a is ically gene alisable o all leade ship
de elopmen p og ammes and ep esen he au ho 's pe sonal
expe ience, which is suppo ed by documen a y e idence.
None heless, he me hod o e s p o ound con ex ual knowledge
and lessons ha can be applied o sec o al ans o ma ion p ojec s
and execu i e educa ion in compa able se ings (Amuomo &
Odoyo, 2020).
9. Findings
The analysis o da a om 15 pa icipan s en olled in he TETA–
Wi s In e na ional Execu i e P og amme (IEP), combined wi h he
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
34
au ho ’s inside obse a ions as Accoun ing O ice o TETA,
e ealed se e al c i ical insigh s ega ding he p og amme’s
con ibu ion o leade ship de elopmen and sec o al ans o ma ion
in Sou h A ica’s anspo sec o . Findings a e p esen ed
acco ding o h ee main hemes: leade ship capaci y de elopmen ,
ins i u ional and sec o al ans o ma ion, and human capi al
ou comes (Bas able e al., 2023; Abdallah & Kaabi, 2024; Ven e ,
du Plessis & S ande , 2024).
9.1 Leade ship Capaci y De elopmen
Pa icipan s consis en ly s a ed ha he IEP g ea ly imp o ed hei
s a egic managemen and leade ship skills, emphasising imp o ed
decision-making and p oblem-sol ing skills because exposu e o
case s udies, scena io planning, and s a egic simula ions allowed
hem o app oach complex sec o al challenges wi h g ea e
con idence and c i ical hinking; e hical and ans o ma ional
leade ship skills, as many highligh ed ha he p og am ein o ced
he impo ance o in eg i y, anspa ency, and Acco ding o he
au ho 's obse a ions made du ing p og am sessions and
o ganisa ional se ings, pa icipan s used hese skills in p ac ical
se ings, which esul ed in be e s akeholde engagemen , mo e
s uc u ed decision-making, and imp o ed s a egic planning
p ocedu es o TETA and i s pa ne o ganisa ions (O hman Sai ul
Azlan e al., 2024; Beau y Zindi & Sibanda, 2022).
9.2 Ins i u ional and Sec o al T ans o ma ion
As pa icipan s epo ed applying new knowledge and skills o
go e nance imp o emen h ough he in oduc ion o mo e
anspa en epo ing sys ems, e hical leade ship p ac ices, and
s uc u ed decision-making p ocesses; os e ing inno a ion in
p og amme deli e y by implemen ing ini ia i es aimed a
imp o ing aining accessibili y, indus y pa ne ships, and sec o -
wide e iciency; and imp o ing policy esponsi eness, wi h leade s
be e equipped o ansla e na ional and sec o al policies in o
ac ionable o ganisa ional s a egies suppo ing b oade
ans o ma ion goals, he s udy ound ha s eng hened leade ship
capaci y had a di ec in luence on ins i u ional and sec o al
ans o ma ion. Acco ding o he au ho 's e hnog aphic
obse a ions, hese shi s impac ed o ganisa ional cul u e by
encou aging coope a i e p oblem-sol ing and c oss- unc ional
communica ion, bo h o which a e essen ial o sys emic change in
he anspo a ion indus y (Bian and Wang, 2024; G oble &
G oble , 2024).
9.3 Human Capi al Ou comes
In line wi h Human Capi al Theo y, he s udy shows ha he IEP
unc ions as a s a egic in es men in leade ship alen , wi h
bene i s ha ex end beyond he indi idual pa icipan s. These
bene i s include inc eased o ganisa ional capabili y as ained
leade s use hei new ound skills o imp o e ope a ional e iciency,
p og amme managemen , and se ice deli e y; sec o -wide impac
h ough imp o ed aining deli e y, s onge indus y pa ne ships,
and mo e s a egic alignmen ac oss anspo in By demons a ing
he p ac ical use o leade ship abili ies in ope a ional and s a egic
decision-making h oughou TETA and he anspo a ion indus y
as a whole, he au ho 's inside knowledge suppo ed hese indings
(Bai, 2024; Gee s, 2024).
9.4 Challenges Iden i ied
Despi e hese posi i e ou comes, he s udy iden i ied challenges in
ansla ing leade ship de elopmen in o sys emic change, including
esis ance o change, as ce ain o ganisa ional uni s exhibi ed
ine ia o hesi ance in adop ing new leade ship p ac ices; esou ce
cons ain s, as pa icipan s' inno a i e app oaches we e
occasionally hinde ed by insu icien unding and pe sonnel; and
he scalabili y o impac , since while indi idual leade ship capaci y
imp o ed, he expansion o hese bene i s o b oade ins i u ional
o sec o al le els equi es ongoing men o ship and sys emic
suppo .. ubba , 2023; Damawan & Azizah, 2020).
10. Conclusion
The esul s highligh how execu i e educa ion can spu sec o al
change and leade ship when i is hough ully planned and
con ex ualised. The TETA–Wi s IEP shows ha in es ing in
human capi al imp o es go e nance, o ganisa ional pe o mance,
and leade ship e ec i eness in quan i iable ways. This suppo s he
Human Capi al Theo y, which holds ha capaci y and p oduc i i y
a e inc eased h ough educa ion and aining. Such in es men
esul s in bo h indi idual and ins i u ional change in he
anspo a ion sec o , cul i a ing a leade ship cad e ha is mo e
lexible, c ea i e, and mo ally o ien a ed. The s udy also
emphasises how use ul inside -led e hnog aphic me hods a e o
ga he ing complex in o ma ion abou he e ec s o p og ammes,
such as sys emic in luence, beha iou al shi , and p ac ical
applica ion. A ho ough g asp o how execu i e educa ion suppo s
sec o ans o ma ion in p ac ice is p o ided by he au ho 's
pe sonal expe iences combined wi h pa icipan na a i es.
The IEDP shows ha leade ship de elopmen ha is planned ou
s a egically can c ea e ans o ma ional leade s who can b ing
abou change in hei o ganisa ions and sec o s. E hnog aphic
obse a ions and e lexi e analysis unde sco e he p og am's
e icacy in cul i a ing e hical, adap i e, and inno a i e leade ship
beha iou s. By combining o mal lea ning, men o ing, and
wo king oge he online, he p og am ma ches pe sonal g ow h
wi h na ional policy goals. This helps Sou h A ica's anspo
sec o g ow i s wo k o ce, encou age new ideas, and make hings
ai e . To keep and g ow his in luence, s uc u ed alumni
in ol emen , long- e m e alua ion, and inclusi e ec ui men a e
all necessa y. This will make su e ha he IEDP keeps making
leade s who change bo h o ganisa ions and he sec o as a whole.
The IEP elimina es he con en ional gap be ween educa ion and
p ac ice by using academic heo y wi h eal-wo ld indus y
insigh s. I gi es manage s a ans o ma i e mindse in addi ion o
manage ial skills, one ha synch onises leade ship excellence wi h
he na ional impe a i es o inclusi eness, economic eco e y, and
ins i u ional enewal. This alignmen emphasises how execu i e
educa ion plays a s a egic ole in de eloping a cad e o
accoun able and esponsi e leade s capable o sus aining long- e m
sec o al g ow h. The TETA–Wi s pa ne ship's collabo a i e na u e
also shows how c oss-sec o collabo a ion can be used o add ess
challenges ela ed o ans o ma ion and leade ship. Th ough his
collabo a ion, indus y, and academia wo k oge he o de elop a
pipeline o leade s who a e bo h locally oo ed and globally awa e,
able o s ike a balance be ween he s a egic ision equi ed o
eposi ion Sou h A ica's anspo sec o and ope a ional eali ies.
In he end, execu i e educa ion's ans o ma ion o he anspo
indus y in ol es ins i u ional and sys emic change in addi ion o
he imp o emen o indi idual skills. As a esul , he IEP
s a egically suppo s he la ge ans o ma ion agenda by
encou aging mo al leade ship, inno a ion, and go e nance in he
indus y. To ensu e ha leade ship de elopmen con inues o be a
pilla o Sou h A ica's anspo mode nisa ion and
compe i i eness, u u e esea ch should u he analyse how
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
35
execu i e educa ion in e en ions ansla e in o quan i iable
o ganisa ional pe o mance and policy in luence.
11. Recommenda ions
Based on he s udy's esul s, i is sugges ed ha alumni ne wo ks be
o malised o make i easie o people o keep men o ing and
wo king oge he and ha long- e m impac e alua ions be done o
keep ack o pa icipan s' ca ee p og ess and con ibu ions o hei
ields. The s udy u he sugges s ha WBS and TETA’s IEP
p og am should include global and local cu iculum elemen s
blended wi h Sou h A ican case s udies and bes p ac ices, and
p og am ou comes should be aligned wi h policy miles ones like
NDP 2030 and TSSP objec i es. The s udy inally ecommends
ha blended and digi al lea ning me hods be used o make he IEP
p og amme mo e accessible o a wide audience o a ac
pa icipa ion om he mul iplici y ac oss he anspo o educa ion
sec o . In e u n, WBS would ealise he inancial bene i o
pa ne ing wi h TETA and en olling in he IEP p og am, as
unding would come om a ious sou ces. By ocusing on he
ecommenda ions lis ed below, WBS and TETA can enhance he
IEP p og amme's impac by ensu ing a e u n on in es men , alue
o money, and sus ainable ou comes ha build ans o ma ional
leade s who p omo e excep ional leade ship and manage ial
capabili ies in he anspo sec o , ul ima ely con ibu ing o he
coun y's g ow h and de elopmen :
Ins i u ionalise Execu i e Educa ion in Sec o S a egy:
Execu i e educa ion should be inco po a ed in o sec o al
de elopmen amewo ks as a s a egic pilla by he
Depa men o T anspo a ion, h ough TETA and i s
indus y pa ne s. Sus ained in es men in leade ship
de elopmen will gua an ee ha ans o ma ion
ini ia i es con inue beyond compliance and de elop in o
an inno a i e and accoun able cul u e.
Enhance academic-indus y pa ne ships: The TETA-
Wi s collabo a ion's success shows he impo ance o
join ly c ea ed p og ams ha blend academic igou wi h
eal-wo ld indus y insigh s. A la ge ecosys em o
leade ship excellence ac oss anspo a ion sub-sec o s
migh be c ea ed by ex ending hese collabo a ions o
o he academic ins i u ions, esea ch cen es, and
egional s akeholde s.
P omo e Moni o ing and Impac E alua ion: To measu e
he long- e m e ec i eness o execu i e educa ion,
TETA and i s pa ne s should de elop a obus
moni o ing and e alua ion (M&E) amewo k. This
amewo k should assess no only knowledge acquisi ion
bu also beha iou al change, o ganisa ional pe o mance,
and con ibu ion o ans o ma ion ou comes.
Fos e a Cul u e o E hical and Adap i e Leade ship: As
he anspo sec o e ol es, leade s mus embody
e hical, anspa en , and adap i e leade ship p ac ices.
Con inuous leade ship e lec ion, men o ship, and
p o essional pee -lea ning pla o ms should be
ins i u ionalised o ein o ce e hical go e nance and
esponsi eness o change.
Re e ences
1. Abdallah, A. K., & Kaabi, A. M. A. (2024). Cu ing-edge
inno a ions in eaching, leade ship, echnology, and
assessmen . Ad ances in educa ional echnologies and
ins uc ional design book se ies. IGI Global.
h ps://doi.o g/10.4018/979-8-3693-0880-6.
2. Albudaiwi, D. (2018). The SAGE encyclopedia o
communica ion esea ch me hods. The SAGE
Encyclopedia o Communica ion Resea ch Me hods,
4(1). h ps://doi.o g/10.4135/9781483381411.
3. Alo diah, C. O. (2025). Re lexi i y in in e iew and
obse a ion p o ocols: Theo e ical pe spec i es o
mi iga ing bias and implica ions o educa ional
esea che s' da a collec ion p ac ices. Resea chGa e,
10(1), 29–42.
h ps://www. esea chga e.ne /publica ion/389953235_Re
lexi i y_in_In e iew_and_Obse a ion_P o ocols_The
o e ical_Pe spec i es_ o _Mi iga ing_Bias_and_Implica
ions_ o _Educa ional_Resea che s.
4. Ahmed, S. K., Mohammed, R. A., Nashwan, A., Ib ahim,
R. H., Abdalla, A. Q., M. Amin, B. M., & Khdhi , R. M.
(2025). Using hema ic analysis in quali a i e esea ch.
SSRN Elec onic Jou nal.
h ps://doi.o g/10.2139/ss n.5222482.
5. Ahuchogu, M. C., Sanyaolu, T. O., & Adele, A. G.
(2024). Wo k o ce de elopmen in he anspo sec o
amids en i onmen al change: A concep ual e iew.
GJRS, 2(1), 61–77.
h ps://doi.o g/10.58175/gj s .2024.2.1.0049.
6. Au iacombe, C., & Meye , N. (2020). Realising Sou h
A ica’s Na ional De elopmen Plan goals: The need o
change o a collabo a i e democ acy o acili a e
communi y pa icipa ion. Cen al Eu opean Jou nal o
Public Policy, 0(0). h ps://doi.o g/10.2478/cejpp-2020-
0004.
7. Bai, Y. (2024). A s udy o he impac o human capi al
in es men on o ganiza ional pe o mance. Highligh s in
Business Economics and Managemen , 32, 210–216.
h ps://doi.o g/10.54097/qd8pxd61.
8. Bas able, K., Cooke, P., Ha ey, L., Ola e, V.,
Cas eleijn, D., & Dada, S. (2023). Changing he s o y:
The e alua ion o a leade ship de elopmen p og amme
o ulne able and dea you h in Sou h A ica. Social
Sciences, 12(11), 631.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/socsci12110631.
9. Bian, X., & Wang, B. (2024). Enabling inno a i e
go e nance: E hical leade ship and dynamic capabili ies
in go e nmen digi al ans o ma ion. Business E hics
and Leade ship, 8(4), 186–200.
h ps://doi.o g/10.61093/bel.8(4).186-200.2024
10. Black, G. B., an Os, S., Machen, S., & Fulop, N. J.
(2021). E hnog aphic esea ch as an e ol ing me hod o
suppo ing heal hca e imp o emen skills: A scoping
e iew. BMC Medical Resea ch Me hodology, 21(1).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1186/s12874-021-01466-9.
11. Bless, B. D., Tso so so, K., & Geb emichael, E. K.
(2017). E alua ion capaci y assessmen o he anspo
sec o in Sou h A ica: An inno a i e app oach. A ican
E alua ion Jou nal, 5(1), 8.
h ps://aejonline.o g/index.php/aej/a icle/ iew/188/344.
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
36
12. Boha i, A., Wide , W., Udang, L., & Su ian i Lajuma, S.
(2024). T ans o ma ional leade ship’s ole in shaping
Educa ion 4.0 wi hin highe educa ion. [PDF documen ].
h ps://www. esea chga e.ne /publica ion/383072640_T
ans o ma ional_leade ship
13. Buse o, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinge , C. (2020). How o
use and assess quali a i e esea ch me hods.
Neu ological Resea ch and P ac ice, 2(1), 1–10.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z.
14. Cha opadhyay, S. (2012). The human capi al app oach
o educa ion. In Educa ion and Economics (pp. 17–55).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/acp o :oso/9780198082255.003.0
002.
15. Dahal, N. (2025). Quali a i e da a analysis: Re lec ions,
p ocedu es, and some poin s o conside a ion. F on ie s
in Resea ch Me ics and Analy ics, 10.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3389/ ma.2025.1669578.
16. Damawan, A., & Azizah, S. (2020). Resis ance o
change: Causes and s a egies as an o ganiza ional
challenge. Resea chGa e.
h ps://www. esea chga e.ne /publica ion/339190336_Re
sis ance_ o_Change_Causes_and_S a egies_as_an_O ga
niza ional_Challenge.
17. Gee s, J. M. (2024). Maximizing he impac and ROI o
leade ship de elopmen : A heo y- and e idence-
in o med amewo k. Beha io al Sciences, 14(10), 955.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/bs14100955.
18. G oble , A., & G oble , S. (2024). B idging he gap:
E hical leade ship, human esou ce p ac ices, and
o ganisa ional jus ice. SA Jou nal o Human Resou ce
Managemen , 22(0), 11.
h ps://sajh m.co.za/index.php/sajh m/a icle/ iew/2697/
4198.
19. Habiya emye, A., Thobela, M. T., & Saba, C. S. (2025).
T anspo in as uc u e in es men s and economic
ans o ma ion in Sou h A ica: The case o in eg a ed
public anspo ne wo k in he Gau eng P o ince.
T anspo a ion Resea ch In e disciplina y Pe spec i es,
34, 101637. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. ip.2025.101637.
20. Louw, I., & Zube -Ske i , O. (2009). Re lec ing on a
leade ship de elopmen p og amme: A case s udy in
Sou h A ican highe educa ion. Pe spec i es in
Educa ion, 27(3).
h ps://www. esea chga e.ne /publica ion/44840548_Re l
ec ing_on_a_leade ship_de elopmen _p og amme_A_ca
se_s udy_in_Sou h_A ican_highe _educa ion.
21. Ngcobo, N., Akin adewo, O., & Mokoena, P. (2024).
Challenges o sus ainable anspo in as uc u e
in eg a ion in Johannesbu g, Sou h A ica. Jou nal o
Sus ainable De elopmen o T anspo and Logis ics,
9(2), 92–108. h ps://doi.o g/10.14254/jsd l.2024.9-2.7.
22. Mo adi, M. S. (2024). Con ibu ion o leade ship s yles
o o ganiza ional pe o mance in he Sou h A ican
banking sec o . In e na ional Jou nal o Resea ch in
Business and Social Science, 13(5), 310–323.
h ps://doi.o g/10.20525/ij bs. 13i5.3543.
23. Maye , C.-H. (2024). Leade s’ iews on leade ship and
skills de elopmen in he Fou h Indus ial Re olu ion.
SA Jou nal o Indus ial Psychology, 50.
h ps://doi.o g/10.4102/sajip. 50i0.2172.
24. Mei inhos, G., Ca doso, A., Ne es, M., Sil a, R., &
Rêgo, R. (2023). Leade ship s yles, mo i a ion,
communica ion, and ewa d sys ems in business
pe o mance. Jou nal o Risk and Financial Managemen ,
16(2), 70.
25. Mlambo, V., K., S., & Mpanza, S. (2023). Go e nance
and co up ion in Sou h A ica’s public sec o : The oad
ahead. A ha - Jou nal o Social Sciences, 2023(3), 1–23.
h ps://doi.o g/10.12724/ajss.66.1.
26. M hembu, D. E., & Nhamo, G. (2022). Aligning SDG 13
wi h Sou h A ica’s de elopmen agenda: Adap a ion
policies and ins i u ional amewo ks. Jàmbá: Jou nal o
Disas e Risk S udies, 14(1).
h ps://doi.o g/10.4102/jamba. 14i1.1155.
27. O hman Sai ul Azlan, Ib ahim Mohd Bu han, Salleh
Mohammad Johdi, & Md Sidek Suzana Suhailawa y.
(2024). School leade s’ leade ship p ac ices and hei
in luence on c isis- ela ed p oblem-sol ing and decision-
making: A mul i-si e case s udy. IIUM Jou nal o
Educa ional S udies, 12(1), 50–73.
h ps://doi.o g/10.31436/ijes. 12i1.515.
28. Osuzoka, J. K. A. (2024). Leade ship and s a egic
managemen : The impac o e ec i e leade ship skills on
o ganiza ional pe o mance. P ep in s.
h ps://doi.o g/10.20944/p ep in s202409.1484. 1.
29. Sai maly, F. A. (2023). Human capi al de elopmen and
economic g ow h: A li e a u e e iew on in o ma ion
echnology in es men , educa ion, skills, and p oduc i e
labou . Ju nal Min o Polgan, 12(1), 679–693.
h ps://doi.o g/10.33395/jmp. 12i1.12491.
30. Schank, C., Tallgaue , M., & S a z, R. R. (2025). The
e ec o e hics educa ion on manage ial compe encies in
he execu i e educa ion con ex : A quali a i e igne e
s udy. Scandina ian Jou nal o Managemen , 41(3),
101429. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.scaman.2025.101429.
31. Schu ink, W. J. (2003). Quali a i e esea ch in
managemen and o ganisa ional s udies wi h e e ence o
ecen Sou h A ican esea ch. SA Jou nal o Human
Resou ce Managemen , 2(1).
h ps://doi.o g/10.4102/sajh m. 1i3.25.
32. Sha ma, S. N., & Adeoye, M. A. (2024). New
pe spec i es on ans o ma i e leade ship in educa ion
(pp. 1–176). EduPub.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.10970922.
33. Mu phy, S. E., & Johnson, S. K. (2011). Leade ship
esea ch and educa ion: How business schools app oach
he concep o leade ship. Edwa d Elga Publishing.
h ps://doi.o g/10.4337/9780857936486.00017.
34. Tan, E. (2014). Human capi al heo y: A holis ic
c i icism. Re iew o Educa ional Resea ch, 84(3), 411–
445. h ps://doi.o g/10.3102/0034654314532696
35. TETA. (2025). T anspo Educa ion T aining Au ho i y -
In e na ional Execu i e De elopmen P og amme
(IEDP).
h ps:// e a.o g.za/index.php/componen /k2/i em/225-
in e na ional-execu i e-de elopmen -p og amme-iedp.
36. TETA. (2022). T anspo Educa ion T aining Au ho i y -
Final epo : TETA21-Resea ch 0002 S udy T anspo
Skills.
h ps://www. e a.o g.za/index.php/componen /phocadow
nload/ ile/385- inal- epo - e a21- esea ch-0002-s udy-
anspo -skills.
37. Resea ch o Communi y Access Pa ne ship. (2024).
Leade ship de elopmen .
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17658235
37
h ps://www. esea ch4cap.o g/ egional-and-c oss-
egional-p ojec s/leade ship-de elopmen /.
38. Ullah, A. A., Mehmood, W., Amin, S., & Abbas, Y. A.
(2022). Human capi al and o ganiza ional pe o mance:
A mode a ion s udy h ough inno a i e leade ship.
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge, 7(4), 100261.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100261.
39. Vi ek, R., Nan hagopan, Y., & Pi iya ha shan, S. (2023).
Beyond me hods: Theo e ical unde pinnings o
iangula ion in quali a i e and mul i-me hod s udies.
SEEU Re iew, 18(2), 105–122.
h ps://doi.o g/10.2478/seeu -2023-0088.
40. Yang, H. (2022). A iple helix model o doc o al
educa ion: A case s udy o an indus ial doc o a e.
Sus ainabili y, 14(17), 10942.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/su141710942.
41. Wakelin, K. J., McA a-Coupe , J., & Fleming, T. (2024).
Using an online pla o m o conduc ing ace- o- ace
in e iews. In e na ional Jou nal o Quali a i e Me hods,
23(1). h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/16094069241234183.
42. Walsh, R. S., McClean, B., Doyle, N., Ryan, S., Lang,
S.-J. S., Rish on, A., & Dagnall, N. (2019). A hema ic
analysis in es iga ing he impac o posi i e beha io al
suppo aining on he li es o se ice p o ide s: ‘I
makes you hink di e en ly.’ F on ie s in Psychology,
10. h ps://doi.o g/10.3389/ psyg.2019.02408.
43. Wi s Uni e si y. (2020). Eme ging leade s p og amme.
h ps://www.wi s.ac.za/s uden s/de elopmen -and-
leade ship-uni /expe ien ial-lea ning-o e ings/eme ging-
leade s-p og amme/.
44. Wi s Business School (WBS). (2025). T ans o ming
Sou h A ica’s anspo sec o – One leade a a ime.
h ps://www.wbs.ac.za/news/ ans o ming-sou h-a icas-
anspo -sec o -one-leade - ime.
45. Wi s Uni e si y. (2025). T ans o ming Sou h A ica’s
anspo sec o – One leade a a ime.
h ps://www.wbs.ac.za/news/ ans o ming-sou h-a icas-
anspo -sec o -one-leade - ime/.
46. Wu aphan, N. (2020). Human capi al heo y: The heo y
o human esou ce de elopmen , implica ions, and
u u e. Resea chGa e. h ps://doi.o g/10.344166132.
47. Zaka ia, H., Kama udin, D., Fauzi, M. A., & Wide , W.
(2023). Mapping he helix model o inno a ion in luence
on educa ion: A bibliome ic e iew. F on ie s in
Educa ion, 8.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3389/ educ.2023.1142502.
