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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLOTHING-RELATED PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
(BASED ON ENGLISH AND UZBEK EXAMPLES)
Bu ano a Tu sunoy Alishe qizi
Te miz iq isodiyo a se is uni e si e i
xo ijiy ilologiya (ingliz ili) yo‘nalishi magis bosqichi alabasi.
[email p o ec ed]
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17668701
Anno a siya. Ushbu maqolada ingliz a o‘zbek illa idagi kiyim komponen li azeologik
bi likla ning qiyosiy ahlili yo i iladi. Tadqiqo a kibida coa , ha , slee e, shoe kabi kiyim
nomla i ish i ok e gan idiomala a ba qa o bi ikmala ning seman ik, s uk u al a madaniy
xususiya la i o‘ ganiladi. Ikkala ildagi o‘xshash a a qli jiha la ni ahlil qilish o qali madaniy
qad iya la , u mush a zi hamda milliy men ali e azeologik bi likla ning shakllanishi a
ma’nosiga qanday a’si ko‘ sa ishi ochib be iladi. Ishda umumiy ushunchala ni i odalo chi
idiomala bilan bi qa o da aqa ma’lum bi ilga xos bo‘lgan me a o ik kengayishla ham ahlil
qilingan. Tadqiqo na ijala i ingliz a o‘zbek illa ida kiyimga oid ko‘plab idiomala bi xil
g‘oyani u licha ob azla o qali i oda qilishini, ay imla i esa o‘ziga xos madaniy amziylikka ega
bo‘lib, so‘zma-so‘z a jima qilib bo‘lmasligini ko‘ sa adi. F azeologik bi likla ning bunday
xususiya la ini o‘ ganish sama ali a jima, il o‘qi ish a madaniya la a o muloqo uchun
muhimdi .
Kali so‘zla : azeologik bi likla , idiomala , kiyim komponen la i, me a o a, madaniya ,
ingliz ili, o‘zbek ili, qiyosiy adqiqo , a jima.
Abs ac . This a icle p esen s a compa a i e s udy o clo hing- ela ed ph aseological
uni s in English and Uzbek. The esea ch explo es he seman ic, s uc u al, and cul u al
cha ac e is ics o idioms and ixed exp essions ha include clo hing componen s such as coa , ha ,
slee e, shoe, and hei Uzbek equi alen s. By analyzing simila i ies and di e ences be ween he
wo languages, he s udy highligh s how cul u al alues, li es yle, and na ional men ali y in luence
he o ma ion and meaning o ph aseological uni s. Special a en ion is gi en o idioms ha sha e
uni e sal concep s as well as hose ha demons a e language-speci ic me apho ical ex ensions.
The indings illus a e ha while many English and Uzbek clo hing- ela ed idioms exp ess
simila ideas h ough di e en image y, some exp essions e ain unique cul u al symbolism and
canno be ansla ed li e ally. Unde s anding hese ph aseological pa e ns con ibu es o
e ec i e ansla ion, language eaching, and in e cul u al communica ion.
Key Wo ds: ph aseological uni s, idioms, clo hing componen s, me apho , cul u e,
English, Uzbek, compa a i e s udy, ansla ion.
INTRODUCTION
Ph aseological uni s play an essen ial ole in exp essing he cul u al, his o ical, and
cogni i e wo ld iew o a speech communi y. Among hem, idioms ha con ain clo hing
componen s o m a dis inc i e subg oup, as hey o en e lec e e yday human expe ience, social
p ac ices, and symbolic meanings associa ed wi h clo hing. In bo h English and Uzbek, ga men s
and hei elemen s ha e se ed no only as p ac ical objec s bu also as powe ul cul u al symbols
used o desc ibe human cha ac e , emo ions, social s a us, and beha io .
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The s udy o clo hing- ela ed ph aseological uni s is impo an o se e al easons. Fi s ,
hese idioms o e aluable insigh s in o how di e en cul u es concep ualize simila objec s
h ough me apho ical hinking. Second, compa a i e esea ch helps iden i y uni e sal ea u es
sha ed ac oss languages as well as language-speci ic image y oo ed in na ional adi ions. Finally,
unde s anding such ph aseological exp essions is c ucial o ansla ion s udies and language
pedagogy, as li e al ansla ion o en ails o con ey he in ended meaning.
Al hough a ious schola s ha e examined ph aseological uni s in gene al, he compa a i e
s udy o idioms wi h clo hing componen s in English and Uzbek emains insu icien ly explo ed.
This esea ch aims o ill ha gap by analyzing he seman ic, s uc u al, and cul u al
cha ac e is ics o selec ed idioms in bo h languages. By iden i ying hei simila i ies and
di e ences, he s udy con ibu es o a deepe unde s anding o me apho ical pa e ns and cul u al
alues e lec ed in ph aseology.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
The s udy o ph aseology has a ac ed he a en ion o many linguis s, including V. V.
Vinog ado , A. V. Kunin, I. V. A nold, and N. M. Shansky, who signi ican ly con ibu ed o he
classi ica ion and in e p e a ion o idioma ic exp essions. Thei wo ks emphasize he s uc u al
s abili y, seman ic in eg i y, and igu a i e na u e o ph aseological uni s. In Uzbek linguis ics,
schola s such as Sh. Rahma ullaye , A. Mad aliye , and M. Mi ojiye ha e examined he
na ional and cul u al aspec s o idioms, highligh ing he ole o me apho , symbolism, and
linguis ic wo ld iew in o ming ph aseological meaning.
Resea ch on clo hing- ela ed idioms, while no as ex ensi e, has been ouched upon in
se e al compa a i e and seman ic s udies. These wo ks no e ha clo hing componen s o en se e
as sou ces o me apho ical ex ension due o hei close connec ion wi h daily li e, social oles, and
human emo ions. Howe e , a comp ehensi e compa ison o English and Uzbek clo hing- ela ed
ph aseological uni s emains limi ed, which unde sco es he need o a mo e de ailed
in es iga ion.
The me hodology o his s udy is based on compa a i e, desc ip i e, and seman ic analysis.
Fi s , a co pus o English and Uzbek idioms con aining clo hing componen s—such as
coa , ha , slee e, pocke , shoe, ski and hei Uzbek equi alen s—was collec ed om bilingual
dic iona ies, specialized ph aseological dic iona ies, and epu able linguis ic sou ces. Each idiom
was examined in e ms o i s li e al meaning, igu a i e meaning, s uc u e, and cul u al
backg ound.
Second, he selec ed idioms we e classi ied acco ding o hei seman ic ea u es, including
emo ions, pe sonali y ai s, social beha io , and e alua i e meanings. S uc u al classi ica ion
was also applied o iden i y di e ences in syn ac ic pa e ns. Finally, compa a i e analysis was
used o de e mine equi alence, pa ial equi alence, and non-equi alence be ween English and
Uzbek idioms, wi h pa icula a en ion o cul u ally condi ioned image y.
This me hodological app oach enables a sys ema ic iden i ica ion o simila i ies and
di e ences be ween he wo languages and p o ides insigh s in o how cul u al and cogni i e
ac o s shape ph aseological meaning.
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DISCUSSION
The compa a i e analysis o English and Uzbek clo hing- ela ed ph aseological uni s
e eals se e al no ewo hy seman ic, s uc u al, and cul u al pa e ns. Clo hing i ems, being pa o
e e yday human expe ience, se e as a ich me apho ical sou ce o desc ibing people’s cha ac e ,
emo ions, and social beha io in bo h languages. Howe e , he deg ee o me apho iza ion,
igu a i e associa ions, and symbolic meanings di e signi ican ly ac oss he wo linguis ic
adi ions.
The i s majo inding conce ns seman ic pa allels. Bo h English and Uzbek equen ly
use clo hing componen s o desc ibe emo ions and psychological s a es. Fo example, he English
idiom o ha e some hing up one’s slee e and he Uzbek exp ession yashi in ejasi bo‘lmoq bo h
me apho ically concep ualize hidden in en ions h ough he image o a slee e.
Simila ly, o ill someone’s shoes and kimdi ning o‘ nini bosmoq exp ess he idea o aking
someone’s place o esponsibili y, al hough he Uzbek e sion does no ely speci ically on a
clo hing componen . These pa allels demons a e ha some me apho ical meanings a e uni e sal,
e lec ing sha ed human expe iences.
Howe e , he s udy also iden i ied language-speci ic me apho ical image y ha e lec s
cul u al di e ences. English idioms such as o igh en one’s bel ( o economize) o o wea many
ha s ( o ha e mul iple esponsibili ies) ely on clo hing as a symbol o p ac icali y, du y, and
pe sonal discipline. In con as , Uzbek idioms such as e igi yengil (a pe son who lea es easily o is
uns able) e lec social hie a chy, emo ional sensi i i y, and cul u al a i udes owa d communi y
and epu a ion. These di e ences show ha clo hing componen s in ph aseology mi o cul u al
p io i ies: English a o s indi idual oles and ac ions, while Uzbek emphasizes social ela ions
and s a us.
Ano he impo an aspec conce ns s uc u al a ia ions. English idioms end o be mo e
concise and ixed in o m, o en in ol ing e bs and p eposi ional s uc u es (e.g., o wea he
ouse s, o be in someone’s shoes). Uzbek idioms, on he o he hand, equen ly appea in
desc ip i e o nominal o ms and show g ea e lexibili y in g amma ical s uc u e. This s uc u al
con as unde sco es di e ences in idioma ic o ma ion and syn ac ic p e e ences ac oss he wo
languages.
The compa a i e analysis u he e eals signi ican non-equi alen ph aseological uni s,
whe e di ec ansla ion does no con ey he in ended meaning. Fo ins ance, he English idiom
unde someone’s ha (sec e ly) has no di ec Uzbek equi alen , while he Uzbek exp ession
kiyimiga iqilib qolmoq (a pe son who is emba assed o anxious) lacks a igu a i e ma ch in
English. Such cases highligh he necessi y o cul u al and con ex ual knowledge in ansla ion o
a oid misin e p e a ion.
O e all, he indings demons a e ha while English and Uzbek sha e ce ain uni e sal
me apho ical pa e ns ela ed o clo hing, many idioms ca y meanings shaped by cul u al
symbolism, social no ms, and linguis ic adi ion. These esul s con i m he impo ance o
cul u ally in o med analysis when in e p e ing o ansla ing ph aseological uni s. Unde s anding
he concep ual mo i a ions behind hese idioms no only deepens linguis ic awa eness bu also
con ibu es o mo e accu a e ansla ion and e ec i e c oss-cul u al communica ion.
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Compa a i e analysis o english and uzbek clo hing- ela ed ph aseological uni s
Table 1.
English Idiom
Li e al Meaning
Figu a i e Meaning
Uzbek
Equi alen
o ha e some hing up one’s
slee e
Some hing hidden in he
slee e
Hidden in en ions,
sec e plan
yashi in ejasi
bo‘lmoq
o ill someone’s shoes
Fill someone’s oo wea
Take someone’s
place/ esponsibili y
uning o‘ nini
bosmoq
o igh en one’s bel
Pull bel igh e
Economize, educe
expenses
So’mni sanab
sa lamoq
o wea many ha s
Wea mul iple ha s
Ha e mul iple
oles/ esponsibili ies
Qo‘lidan
hamma ish
kelmoq
unde someone’s ha
Unde he ha
Keep some hing sec e
Si u moq
RESULTS
The analysis o English and Uzbek clo hing- ela ed ph aseological uni s e ealed bo h
simila i ies and di e ences be ween he wo languages. Some idioms, such as o ha e some hing
up one’s slee e and yashi in ejasi bo‘lmoq, o o ill someone’s shoes and uning o‘ nini bosmoq,
show clea concep ual equi alence. Howe e , many exp essions a e language-speci ic, e lec ing
cul u al and social alues: English idioms o en emphasize indi idual oles, esponsibili ies, o
p ac ical ac ions ( o igh en one’s bel , o wea many ha s), while Uzbek idioms ocus mo e on
social beha io , emo ional s a es, and hie a chy.
S uc u ally, English idioms end o be concise and e b-cen e ed, whe eas Uzbek idioms
a e mo e lexible and desc ip i e. O e all, clo hing- ela ed idioms e eal bo h uni e sal
me apho ical pa e ns and cul u ally unique image y, highligh ing he in e ac ion be ween
language, hough , and cul u e.
CONCLUSION
This s udy demons a es ha clo hing- ela ed ph aseological uni s in English and Uzbek
p o ide aluable insigh s in o linguis ic, cul u al, and cogni i e p ocesses. Compa a i e analysis
shows ha while some idioms sha e uni e sal me apho ical pa e ns, many e lec language-
speci ic image y shaped by social no ms, cul u al alues, and na ional men ali ies. S uc u al
di e ences u he illus a e how each language o ganizes igu a i e exp essions in i s own way.
The esea ch highligh s he impo ance o unde s anding hese idioms o ansla ion,
language eaching, and in e cul u al communica ion. Accu a e in e p e a ion equi es awa eness o
bo h seman ic meaning and cul u al con ex , as li e al ansla ion may lead o misunde s anding.
O e all, he s udy con ibu es o he ield o compa a i e ph aseology by:
Iden i ying simila i ies and di e ences be ween English and Uzbek clo hing- ela ed
idioms,
Demons a ing he cul u al and me apho ical signi icance o hese exp essions,
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P o iding a e e ence o ansla o s, linguis s, and language lea ne s o be e unde s and
he in e ac ion be ween language and cul u e.
Fu u e esea ch could expand he co pus o include o he languages o explo e idioms
ela ed o o he hema ic domains, u he en iching c oss-linguis ic and c oss-cul u al s udies.
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