Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e167838
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e167838
Da a Pape
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP)
A h opod Collec ion – II. Long- e m moni o ing o
a h opod auna in he show ca e Alga do Ca ão
(Te cei a, Azo es, Po ugal)
Luís Ca los Fonseca C espo , Isabel R. Amo im , Fe nando Pe ei a , Paulo A.V. Bo ges
‡ Uni e si y o he Azo es, CE3C—Cen e o Ecology, E olu ion and En i onmen al Changes, Azo ean Biodi e si y G oup,
CHANGE —Global Change and Sus ainabili y Ins i u e, School o Ag icul u al and En i onmen al Sciences, Rua Capi ão
João d’Á ila, Pico da U ze, 9700-042, Ang a do He oísmo, Azo es, Po ugal
§ Uni e si y o he Azo es, CE3C—Cen e o Ecology, E olu ion and En i onmen al Changes, Azo ean Biodi e si y G oup,
CHANGE —Global Change and Sus ainabili y Ins i u e, Rua Capi ão João d’Á ila, Pico da U ze, 9700-042, Ang a do
He oísmo, Azo es, Po ugal
| IUCN SSC A lan ic Islands In e eb a e Specialis G oup, Ang a do He oísmo, Azo es, Po ugal
¶ IUCN SSC Moni o ing Specialis G oup, Ang a do He oísmo, Azo es, Po ugal
Co esponding au ho : Luís Ca los Fonseca C espo (luisca losc [email protected])
Academic edi o : En ico Ruzzie
Recei ed: 05 Aug 2025 | Accep ed: 30 Sep 2025 | Published: 19 No 2025
Ci a ion: C espo LC, Amo im IR, Pe ei a F, Bo ges PAV (2025) Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo
(DTP) A h opod Collec ion – II. Long- e m moni o ing o a h opod auna in he show ca e Alga do Ca ão
(Te cei a, Azo es, Po ugal). Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e167838. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/BDJ.13.e167838
Abs ac
Backg ound
The second manusc ip in he se ies "Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod
Collec ion" ocuses on Alga do Ca ão, a ema kable olcanic pi on Te cei a Island,
Azo es, ha is a Na u al Monumen , a show ca e and pa o he Te cei a Island Na u al
Pa k. This olcanic ca e is unique amongs he a chipelago’s sub e anean sys ems due
o i s dis inc i e geological ea u es, including a e silica-based speleo hems and i s
excep ional na u al se ing. Su ounded by emnan s o na i e lau el o es , he ca e
hos s a specialised assemblage o a h opods, including se e al axa endemic o he
Azo es and single island endemic species. O pa icula in e es a e ou obliga e ca e-
‡ §,| ‡ ‡,|,¶
© C espo L e al. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY
4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
dwelling species o subspecies ( oglobion s): he cen ipede Li hobius obscu us azo eae
Eason & Ashmole, 1992 (Chilopoda, Li hobiomo pha, Li hobiidae); he sp ing ail
Pseudosinella ashmoleo um da Gama, 1988 (Collembola, En omob yomo pha,
En omob yidae); he spide Tu inyphia ca e nicola Wunde lich, 2008 (A achnida,
A aneae, Linyphiidae); and he g ound bee le T echus e cei anus Machado, 1988
(Insec a, Coleop e a, Ca abidae), he las wo being endemics o Te cei a Island. These
species a e pa o a agile and na owly dis ibu ed sub e anean auna shaped by he
olcanic o igin o he island and i s isola ion (0.4 Ma). Thei p esence highligh s he
conse a ion alue o Alga do Ca ão, which se es no only as a ca e biodi e si y
ho spo , bu also as a na u al labo a o y o s udying e olu ion, adap a ion o
sub e anean habi a s and island biogeog aphy. Despi e being a show ca e wi h
equen human isi s, Alga do Ca ão e ains a ela i ely in ac hypogean ecosys em,
hough i emains ulne able o an h opogenic p essu es, such as habi a dis u bance
and pollu ion.
New in o ma ion
Pa icula ocus is gi en o he abundance and popula ion ends o he endemic ca e-
adap ed bee le T echus e cei anus, moni o ed h ough a long- e m s anda dised
p og amme ini ia ed in 1999 using non-le hal apping me hods. This e o , designed o
moni o popula ion a ia ion ac oss seasons and yea s and o e alua e he po en ial
impac s o inc easing human isi a ion o he ca e, ep esen s one o he ew con inuous
moni o ing p og ammes o ca e a h opods on oceanic islands. O e he cou se o his
s udy, we also epo he i s ci a ion o 21 a h opod axa o Alga do Ca ão, wo o
which a e endemic o he Azo es (Cana iphan es aco eensis (Wunde lich, 1992) and
Phloeos iba azo ica (Fau el, 1900)), con ibu ing signi ican ly o he known biodi e si y o
his olcanic pi , in pa icula and o Azo ean sub e anean auna, in gene al.
In oduc ion
Moni o ing
Long- e m moni o ing is a co ne s one o e idence-based conse a ion, especially o
ca e-adap ed species ha exhibi high le els o endemism, limi ed dis ibu ions and
ex eme sensi i i y o en i onmen al change (Mammola e al. 2022). Sub e anean
ecosys ems, including olcanic ca es (la a ubes and olcanic pi s) and ka s sys ems,
hos unique biological communi ies composed la gely o obliga e oglobion s - species
ha ha e e ol ed specialised ai s, such as loss o pigmen a ion and eyesigh and which
comple e hei en i e li e cycle unde g ound (Gibe and Deha eng 2002).
Moni o ing e o s p o ide c i ical baseline da a on species abundance, dis ibu ion and
ecological equi emen s, enabling he de ec ion o popula ion ends, eme ging h ea s
and he e ec i eness o conse a ion in e en ions (S ephenson e al. 2022). This is
especially i al on islands, whe e many oglobion species occu in only one o wo
2C espo L e al
ca es and a e, hus, ex emely ulne able o s ochas ic e en s, habi a deg ada ion and
an h opogenic p essu es (Bo ges e al. 2012).
The lack o long- e m da a has been iden i ied as a majo impedimen in sub e anean
conse a ion, leading o eliance on spo adic da a, anecdo al e idence and expe
opinion a he han igo ous, quan i a i e s udies (Mammola e al. 2020). Fu he mo e,
h ea s such as pollu ion, ou ism and clima e change, o en mani es sub ly and
cumula i ely, equi ing con inuous obse a ion o unde s and hei impac (Rebolei a e
al. 2011, Bo ges e al. 2012, Mammola e al. 2020, Mammola e al. 2022).
Ul ima ely, long- e m moni o ing is no me ely a scien i ic necessi y, i is an e hical
impe a i e o p ese ing some o he plane 's mos ancien and agile o ms o li e
(Wynne e al. 2021, S ephenson e al. 2022).
Tou is ic p essu e
The impac s o ou ism on show ca es can be mani old. These we e ecen ly e iewed by
Piano e al. (2024), who classi ied i e in e linked g oups o impac s: physical changes,
chemical changes, pollu an s, alloch honous mic oo ganisms and dis u bance o
sub e anean o ganisms. Those au ho s also p oposed se e al esponse ypes as
coun e measu es o he e e ed impac s, namely p o ec ion, egula ion, es o a ion and
indi ec measu es.
Se e al case s udies es ed he impac o ou is ic ac i i y on show ca es on na i e
in e eb a e communi ies. To ci e a ew, Pacheco e al. (2020) used quad a sampling o
analyse he e ec s o ou ism in G u a de Lanquín (Gua emala), showing a change on
communi y s uc u e dependen on he p esence o ou is ic ac i i y. O he s, such as Faille
e al. (2014), ailed o ind di e ences in abundance and species ichness e alua o s in
La Ve na Ca e (F ance), showing ha a ce ain deg ee o esilience can also be ound in
ca e-adap ed o ganisms, especially when inhabi ing a la ge ca e.
Geog aphy
The Azo es a e a olcanic a chipelago composed o nine islands, loca ed in he No h
A lan ic Ocean oughly be ween 37─40° N and 25─31° W. These islands ha e di e en
geological ages, spanning om he 6 Ma o San a Ma ia o he 0.19 Ma o Pico (Flo encio
e al. 2021). As in o he olcanic a chipelagoes, such as Hawaii o he Cana y Islands
(Pipan and Cul e 2019), sub e anean habi a s a e p esen in he Azo es, gene a ed by
he cooling o la a lows and can assume wo main ypes: la a ubes o olcanic pi s.
Alga do Ca ão is a olcanic pi in he Island o Te cei a (Fig. 1) and i is one o wo show
ca es o he Island (G u a do Na al is a la a ube open o he public). I is widely known
o i s silica-based speleo hems (Daza e al. 2014) (Fig. 2) and i s walls nea he su ace
a e u nished wi h na i e ege a ion, hus c ea ing a ema kable geological se ing,
p o ec ed by law as a "Regional Na u al Monumen " since 2004 (o e iewed in Mammola
e al. (2024): 6, box 3) and sa egua ded by he ENGO “Associação Os Mon anhei os”,
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod Collec ion – I ... 3
who cu en ly manage he ou is ic isi a ion (Fig. 2). In addi ion, endemic a h opod
species p esen in he IUCN Red Lis a e known o occu in his ca i y, such as he
endemic bee le T echus e cei anus Machado, 1988 (Bo ges 1993; Conse a ion s a us:
Vulne able, a e Bo ges and Amo im (2018)) (Fig. 3) o he spide Tu inyphia ca e nicola
Wunde lich, 2008 (Conse a ion s a us: Endange ed, a e Bo ges and Ca doso (2017)).
Gene al desc ip ion
Pu pose:In his manusc ip , we p esen he a h opod in en o ying da a collec ed in he
olcanic pi Alga do Ca ão since 1999, mos ly by he use o non-le hal bai ed pi all
apping. Besides ci ing i s ime occu ences o se e al species, we in end o ocus on
quan i ying he abundance o he oglobion g ound-bee le T echus e cei anus
h oughou he i s decade o 2000 and ela e i wi h he inc ease o ou is ic ac i i y, o
assess any e ec caused by he la e . This will allow o a i s analysis o long- e m
abundance da a o a ca e-adap ed single-island endemic species (SIE) in a pe iod o
g owing global mobili y and ou is ic p essu e.
Addi ional in o ma ion:The ini ial a h opod su ey a Alga do Ca ão in 1998 in ol ed
he deploymen o a udimen a y ap, consis ing o a plas ic cup placed adjacen o a
abbi ca cass on he en ance s ai case, wi h inega employed as an a ac an .
Subsequen ly, h ee o ou pi all aps we e se up wi h he objec i e o de ec ing he
p esence o T echus bee les. Howe e , i should be no ed ha he esul ing da a om
hese p elimina y sampling e o s we e no sys ema ically eco ded.
Figu e 1.
Map o Te cei a, Azo es. Red do - loca ion o Alga do Ca ão. Image sou ce: Google Ea h.
4C espo L e al
In Ap il 1999, as pa o Isabel R. Amo im's doc o al esea ch (Amo im 2005), en non-
le hal pi all aps we e deployed in he en ance a ea o he ca e. Cap u ed
T echus
Figu e 2.
Alga do Ca ão. A wall o he ca e wi h nume ous silica-based speleo hems; Ben ance
pa hway used by isi o s. Pho o c edi s: Paulo A.V. Bo ges.
Figu e 3.
T echus e cei anus. Pho o c edi : Ja ie To en (Azo ean Biodi e si y G oup, CE3C).
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod Collec ion – I ... 5
bee les we e indi idually ma ked wi h small do s o model pain o ma k– ecap u e
s udies and moni o T echus mo emen s wi hin he ca e; mic oclima ic condi ions we e
also assessed, wi h empe a u e and humidi y measu ed. F om 1999 o 2001, up o 20
non-le hal pi alls we e se up a ound he ca e (mainly a he en ance - blue a ea and
a ound he laggon - ed a ea, Fig. 4) a each sampling e en o collec li e specimens o
DNA analyses (Amo im 2005). Non-le hal pi all apping was con inued om 2002
onwa ds. The apping p o ocol was expanded o include he o he sec o s o he ca e
(Fig. 4), main aining an equal numbe o pi all aps in each a ea o Alga do Ca ão.
En i onmen al moni o ing was also con inued, wi h egula measu emen s o ai
empe a u e and humidi y and, when possible, lagoon wa e le el and empe a u e.
P ojec desc ip ion
Ti le:In en o y and moni o ing o a p o ec ed species in a show ca e o Te cei a Island,
Azo es, Po ugal
Pe sonnel:The o iginal p ojec was concei ed by Fe nando Pe ei a, Isabel R. Amo im
and Paulo A.V. Bo ges. The cu en p ojec was concei ed and is being led by Paulo A.V.
Bo ges.
Figu e 4.
The opog aphy o Alga do Ca ão pe o med by "Os Mon anhei os" ini ially in 1964 and wi h
modi ica ions in 1968 and la e in 2003. The plan was made in 2007. The loca ion o he aps
is indica ed wi h numbe s in he h ee meain sampled a eas: en ance (blue), lagoon (g een)
and s age ( ed).
6C espo L e al
Fieldwo k (si e selec ion and expe imen al se ing): Paulo A.V. Bo ges, Isabel R. Amo im
and Fe nando Pe ei a.
Fieldwo k (au ho isa ion): Azo ean Regional Di ec o a e o he En i onmen .
Pa a axonomis s (Labo a o y): Fe nando Pe ei a, Isabel R. Amo im and Luís Ca los
C espo.
Taxonomis s: Luís Ca los C espo and Paulo A.V. Bo ges.
A h opod Cu a ion: Fe nando Pe ei a, Paulo A.V. Bo ges and Luís Ca los C espo.
Da win Co e Da abases: Luís Ca los C espo and Paulo A.V. Bo ges.
S udy a ea desc ip ion:This s udy was unde aken in a single olcanic pi in Te cei a
Island, Alga do Ca ão (Fig. 2). A cu en ou is ic ho spo o he Island, i is loca ed nea
an a ea wi h na i e ege a ion, na u ally occu ing he e, bu also es o ed, in he cou se
o ecosys em eco e y p ocesses, ollowing exo ic ee plan a ion in he pas . The pi
consis s o an en ance ca i y u nished wi h na i e ege a ion and, oughly mid-way
h ough he en ance, he human-made hallway is loca ed, descending o g ea e dep hs
(Pe ei a e al. 2015). La e al walls below ea u e abundan silica-based speleo hems
and, deep down, a small pond is p esen . In be ween he se e al man-made co ido s o
he ansi o humans, ocky mounds a e p esen . The opog aphy o he ca e (Fig. 4)
shows he de ails desc ibed abo e (Pe ei a e al. 2015).
Funding:This esea ch was unded by Biodi e sa+ (p ojec ‘Da Co’), he Eu opean
Biodi e si y Pa ne ship unde he 2021–2022 Biodi P o ec join call o esea ch
p oposals, co- unded by he Eu opean Commission (GA N°101052342) and Fundo
Regional pa a a Ciência e Tecnologia (Po ugal). IAR was unded by na ional unds
h ough FCT – Fundação pa a a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., unde he No ma T ansi ó ia
h ps://doi.o g/10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0003.
Da a a ailabili y o he gene al public is unded by he AZORES BIOPORTAL:
PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072).
Sampling me hods
Sampling desc ip ion:A single olcanic pi was sampled, wi h wo objec i es: a) a
aunis ic su ey o he ca e; b) he moni o ing o he popula ion o T echus e cei anus.
We used pi all aps as he mos highly e ec i e me hod o cap u ing ca e-dwelling
a h opods, pa icula ly g ound bee les o he genus T echus. A small subse o he
sampling me hods as desc ibed in Amo im (2005) was used:
• T ap Se up: Small plas ic pi all aps we e placed along he ocky wall o he
olcanic pi , om he en ance h ough he wiligh zone o he lake loca ed a he
bo om. T aps we e dug in o he g ound and/o placed inside c acks on e ical
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod Collec ion – I ... 7
walls, o maximise he chance o collec ing a h opods wi h dis inc li es yles and
co e ed wi h mesh o p o ec agains a s. To p e en looding om d ipping wa e ,
plas ic pla es we e ins alled abo e he aps.
• As Bai ing S a egy, one ype o bai ing was used: Pi all (bai : li e ) - li e (non-
le hal) aps bai ed wi h esh cow and/o pig li e ha was kep in a special
con aine co e ed wi h a mesh inside he aps, allowing o he collec on o li e
specimens; a piece o oile pape was added, o p o ide shel e o he li e
specimens ha ell in o he aps.
• Pi all aps we e le in place o a leas se en days and up o a mon h o ensu e
adequa e specimen collec ion. T aps we e moni o ed pe iodically o
p e en
po en ial p eda ion amongs collec ed specimens, desicca ion o dis u bance.
Occasionally, longe apping pe iods occu ed due o clima ic and/o logis ical
cons ain s.
A o al o 30 aps we e ope a ional, bu no all a he same ime. The main aps 1-10
loca ed in he main pla eau (en ance) o he ca e (see Fig. 4 - blue a ea) we e in
ope a ion since he beginning o he s udy (in Janua y 2001). T aps 11 o 18 (including
12, 12A, 12B) we e loca ed in he Sa ge a ea (Fig. 4 - ed a ea) and i s ope a ion s a ed
only in 2002. The aps 19 o 28 we e loca ed a ound he lagoon (Fig. 4 - g een a ea) and
i s ope a ion also s a ed in 2002.
Specimens we e coun ed upon each moni o ing and eleased on he loca ion whe e hey
we e collec ed. Some specimens we e ound dead in he aps and s o ed in a
p ese a i e medium, such as 100% ace one, known o be an op imal p ese a i e o
DNA analyses. Fo logis ical easons, some specimens we e ini ially placed in 70%
e hanol (be o e iden i ica ion) and subsequen ly ans e ed o 100% ace one. Specimens
we e kep ei he a -20ºC o a oom empe a u e. A e species iden i ica ion pe o med
o his s udy, all specimens we e s o ed in 96% e hanol a oom empe a u e. A ew
spo adic isual di ec sea ches we e also conduc ed in he ca e, aiming a a
comp ehensi e aunis ic knowledge o Alga do Ca ão.
Geog aphic co e age
Desc ip ion:This s udy conce ns one pa icula olcanic pi in he Island o Te cei a,
Alga do Ca ão.
P o ec ion Le el o Alga do Ca ão, Te cei a Island
Alga do Ca ão, loca ed in he cen al pa o Te cei a Island in he Azo es, is ecognised
as one o he mos signi ican olcanic ca es in he egion, bo h geologically and
ecologically. I s p o ec ion s a us has e ol ed o e ime, e lec ing g owing ecogni ion o
i s na u al alue.
The ini ial legal p o ec ion o Alga do Ca ão was es ablished in 1987, when i was
designa ed as pa o he “Geological Na u al Rese e o Alga do Ca ão and Fu na do
8C espo L e al
Enxo e” unde Regional Legisla i e Dec ee No. 13/87/A o 26 June 1987. This ma ked
he i s s ep in o mal conse a ion e o s o his unique olcanic s uc u e.
In 2004, he a ea ecei ed a highe conse a ion s a us, being eclassi ied as a "Regional
Na u al Monumen " h ough Regional Legisla i e Dec ee No. 9/2004/A o 23 Ma ch 2004.
This s a us is ese ed o si es o excep ional scien i ic, cul u al o educa ional alue
wi hin he Azo es and o e s enhanced p o ec ion measu es.
Fu he in eg a ion in o he island’s conse a ion amewo k occu ed in 2011, when Alga
do Ca ão became pa o he Te cei a Na u e Pa k, unde Regional Legisla i e Dec ee
No. 11/2011/A o Ap il 2011. This Na u e Pa k aims o ensu e he p ese a ion and
sus ainable managemen o Te cei a’s na u al he i age.
Alga do Ca ão is also subjec o mul iple laye s o in e na ional and egional p o ec ion.
The a ea is included wi hin he Se a de San a Bá ba a e Pico Al o Special A ea o
Conse a ion (SAC) and is pa o he Na u a 2000 ne wo k, which is he main ool o
biodi e si y conse a ion in he Eu opean Union. In addi ion, i is lis ed as pa o he
Planal o Cen al da Te cei a Ramsa Si e, acknowledging i s impo ance as a we land o
in e na ional signi icance unde he Ramsa Con en ion. Fu he mo e, Alga do Ca ão is
ecognised as a geosi e o he Azo es UNESCO Global Geopa k, highligh ing i s
geological he i age a he in e na ional le el and p omo ing sus ainable geo ou ism
(UNESCO Global Geopa ks).
Th ough hese designa ions ( egional, na ional, Eu opean and in e na ional), Alga do
Ca ão bene i s om a comp ehensi e amewo k o p o ec ion aimed a p ese ing i s
ou s anding geological ea u es, endemic biodi e si y and ecological unc ions o u u e
gene a ions.
Coo dina es:38.726 and 38.734 La i ude; -27.218 and -27.205 Longi ude.
Taxonomic co e age
Desc ip ion:Phylum: A h opoda
Class: A achnida, Insec a, Diplopoda, Chilopoda
O de : A aneae, Cho deuma ida, Coleop e a, De map e a, Geophilomo pha, Hemip e a,
Julida, Li hobiomo pha, Opiliones, Polydesmida, Pseudosco piones
Family: Anisolabididae, Blaniulidae, Ca abidae, Ch honiidae, C yp ophagidae,
D yopidae, Geophilidae, Haploblainosoma idae, Hyd ophilidae, Julidae, Leiobunidae,
Leiodidae, Linyphiidae, Li hobiidae, Lygaeidae, Polydesmidae, S aphylinidae,
The idiidae
Due o he lack o specialis s o some A h opod g oups, a numbe o specimens s ill
emain uniden i ied and a e s o ed in he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo collec ion - namely,
Isopoda, Amphipoda, Aca i, Collembola, Dip e a, Hymenop e a and Lepidop e a.
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod Collec ion – I ... 9
al. 2024). The in oduc ion o dus , o ganic ma e and chemical pollu an s om ou is
clo hing and oo wea may u he con ibu e o habi a deg ada ion (Wynne e al. 2021).
The yea o 2020, wi h he onse o he Co id-19 pandemic, saw a educ ion in he
numbe o isi o s o Alga do Ca ão, gi en he implemen a ion o ules o conduc
owa ds c owding si ua ions (16572 isi o s, no shown in g aphic), bu , in 2021, ha
numbe mo e han doubled and was coupled wi h a low ac i i y o T. e cei anus.
Mo eo e , in ecen yea s, he e has been a con inuous boom o ou is ic isi s, wi h
yea ly isi o numbe s almos eaching 85000 (Fig. 5). I is pa amoun o con inue
moni o ing his sensi i e ca e-adap ed endemic species, o con ibu e o he conse a ion
o his species and a oid isk o local ex inc ion.
To mi iga e hese impac s, se e al e idence-based s a egies can be implemen ed.
These include limi ing he numbe o isi o s and egula ing he du a ion/ equency o
isi s (ca ying capaci y managemen ), es ablishing o -limi zones o p o ec c i ical
mic ohabi a s and ins alling less in usi e ligh ing sys ems (e.g. mo ion-ac i a ed, low-UV
LEDs) (Mammola e al. 2022, Mammola e al. 2024). On a posi i e no e, as a mi iga ion
measu e agains ligh pollu ion in Alga do Ca ão, Associação Os Mon anhei os ( he
managing en i y) has planned o eplace he cu en ligh ing ix u es wi h ones designed
o p e en lampen lo a g ow h. En i onmen al educa ion and isi o awa eness
p og ammes a e also c ucial in p omo ing esponsible beha iou inside ca es. Mo eo e ,
Figu e 5.
G aphic wi h he ac i i y / densi y o T. e cei anus in Alga do Ca ão (abundance/Nsample/
Ndays) and he numbe o ou is s en e ing he ca e (sen by cou esy o Paulo Ba celos /
Associação Os Mon anhei os). Moni o ing da a om he pe iods o 2011-2016 and 2020 a e
una ailable.
16 C espo L e al
sys ema ic biodi e si y moni o ing, as conduc ed in his s udy, should be ins i u ionalised
as a managemen ool o guide adap i e conse a ion ac ions.
The known dis ibu ion o T. e cei anus is shown in Fig. 6. He e, we can see i only
occu s in ca es o in he MSS (a su ey o his habi a was pe o med in Bo ges (1993)).
Al hough a local ex inc ion a Alga do Ca ão ha dly a ec s he popula ion o T.
e cei anus as a whole, gi en i s abili y o use neighbou ing sub e anean habi a s, i is
pa amoun o no e he e ec o ou is ic p essu e on i s p esence a one o i s na u al
habi a s. i is essen ial ha he managemen s a egy a Alga do Ca ão be e in eg a es
biodi e si y conse a ion objec i es wi h ou ism isi a ion. The adop ion o in e na ional
guidelines, such as hose p oposed by he IUCN WCPA Wo king G oup on Ca es and
Ka s (Gillieson e al. 2022), could be ins umen al in balancing conse a ion wi h
educa ional and economic alues associa ed wi h show ca es.
This case s udy highligh s he u gen need o conside sub e anean biodi e si y in
conse a ion planning and managemen , pa icula ly in island sys ems whe e species
o en exhibi ex eme endemism and na ow ecological ole ances (Wynne e al. 2021,
Mammola e al. 2022, Mammola e al. 2024).
Figu e 6.
Known dis ibu ion o T. e cei anus, adap ed om he e ie ed e sion downloaded om he
Azo ean Biodi e si y Po al (h ps://azo esbiopo al.uac.p /p /especies-dos-aco es/ echus-
e cei anus-7343/, accessed on 24.IX.2025). Legend: pink squa es: ca e loca ions, yellow
squa es: loca ions o su eys on he MSS.
Insigh s om he Dalbe o Teixei a Pombo (DTP) A h opod Collec ion – I ... 17
Acknowledgemen s
We g a e ully acknowledge he long-s anding collabo a ion and suppo o he ENGO
“Associação Os Mon anhei os.” Thei in aluable expe ise on ulcanospeleology and
con ibu ions ha e signi ican ly enhanced ou specialised biospeleological expedi ions
and esea ch missions in he Azo es. By acili a ing access o Alga do Ca ão, p o iding
expe guidance, sha ing isi a ion numbe s and a deep commi men o biospeleology
and conse a ion, “Associação Os Mon anhei os” has been ins umen al in ou esea ch
success and in os e ing a dynamic pa ne ship ha en iches ou wo k, con ibu ing o a
be e knoweledge and conse a ion o sub e anean ecosys ems in he Azo es.
This esea ch and he open access o his manusc ip we e unded by Biodi e sa+
(p ojec ‘Da Co’), he Eu opean Biodi e si y Pa ne ship unde he 2021–2022
Biodi P o ec join call o esea ch p oposals, co- unded by he Eu opean Commission
(GA N°101052342) and Fundo Regional pa a a Ciência e Tecnologia (Po ugal).
IRA was unded by na ional unds h ough FCT – Fundação pa a a Ciência e a
Tecnologia, I.P., unde he No ma T ansi ó ia h ps://doi.o g/10.54499/DL57/2016/
CP1375/CT0003.
Au ho con ibu ions
Concep ualisa ion: Paulo A.V. Bo ges; Fieldwo k: Fe nando Pe ei a, Isabel R. Amo im
and Paulo A.V. Bo ges; Da a cu a ion: Luís Ca los C espo and Paulo A.V. Bo ges; Fo mal
analysis: Luís Ca los C espo; Funding acquisi ion: o ieldwo k - Fe nando Pe ei a,
Isabel R. Amo im, o da a managemen - Paulo A.V. Bo ges; In es iga ion: Isabel R.
Amo im, Luís Ca los C espo and Paulo A.V. Bo ges; Me hodology: Paulo A.V. Bo ges and
Isabel R. Amo im; P ojec adminis a ion: Paulo A.V. Bo ges; Supe ision: Paulo A.V.
Bo ges; W i ing – o iginal d a : Luís Ca los C espo; W i ing – e iew and edi ing: Luís
Ca los C espo, Fe nando Pe ei a, Isabel R. Amo im and Paulo A.V. Bo ges.
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