21
h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
Online a : h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com ISSN No: 2584-282X
Indexed Jou nal Pee Re iewed Jou nal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRENDS IN EMERGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Volume 3; Issue 6; 2025; Page No. 21-24
Recei ed: 07-09-2025
Accep ed: 16-10-2025
Published: 11-11-2025
Role o New NEP 2020 in Compa ison wi h Global Educa ion and i s
Pe spec i e on Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS)
1DN Ga lewa and 2AM Pachpinde
1, 2Jawaha A s, Science & Comme ce College, Anadu . Tq. Tuljapu , Dha ashi , Maha ash a, India
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17581324
Co esponding Au ho : DN Ga lewa
Abs ac
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 ep esen s a landma k e o m in India’s educa ion sys em, in oduced o align na ional lea ning
goals wi h global s anda ds while e i ing he essence o Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS). This policy en isions a holis ic,
mul idisciplina y, and lexible educa ional amewo k ha nu u es c ea i i y, c i ical hinking, and e hical alues among lea ne s. In
compa ison wi h global educa ion models, NEP 2020 emphasizes inclusi i y, li elong lea ning, and digi al in eg a ion, e lec ing p inciples
seen in ad anced educa ional sys ems wo ldwide. Howe e , wha dis inguishes i is i s oo edness in India’s cul u al and in ellec ual
he i age. By in eg a ing adi ional Indian philosophies, sciences, a s, and languages in o he mode n cu iculum, NEP 2020 seeks o balance
global compe i i eness wi h indigenous wisdom. This pape explo es he compa a i e dimensions o NEP 2020 wi h global educa ion
p ac ices and c i ically examines i s ole in p ese ing, e i alizing, and mains eaming Indian Knowledge Sys ems in con empo a y
academic and esea ch domains.
Keywo ds: Na ional Educa ion Policy 2020, Global Educa ion S anda ds, Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS), Mul idisciplina y Lea ning,
Holis ic Educa ion, Cul u al In eg a ion, Indigenous Knowledge, Global Compe i i eness, Educa ional Re o m, Sus ainable De elopmen ,
Value-Based Educa ion, Resea ch and Inno a ion, Libe al Educa ion, Skill De elopmen , Digi al Lea ning, Cu iculum Flexibili y,
Founda ional Li e acy, Global Ci izenship, Vishwa Gu u
In oduc ion
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 is a
comp ehensi e amewo k in oduced by he Go e nmen o
India o ans o m he en i e educa ion sys em, om ea ly
childhood o highe educa ion. I eplaces he 1986 policy
and emphasizes holis ic, mul idisciplina y, and skill-
o ien ed lea ning. NEP 2020 aims o make educa ion mo e
lexible, inclusi e, and aligned wi h he needs o he 21s
cen u y while p omo ing c i ical hinking, c ea i i y, and
digi al li e acy. I ocuses on ounda ional li e acy and
nume acy, he use o mo he ongue as a medium o
ins uc ion ill G ade 5, and a 5+3+3+4 school s uc u e
eplacing he old 10+2 sys em. The policy also p omo es
esea ch, inno a ion, and in e na ionaliza ion in highe
educa ion. Uniquely, NEP 2020 in eg a es Indian
Knowledge Sys ems (IKS), adi ional a s, and alues,
p ese ing India’s cul u al he i age. O e all, i en isions an
equi able, globally compe i i e, and alue-based educa ion
sys em o make India a “knowledge supe powe .”
Global Educa ion S anda ds
Global Educa ion S anda ds e e o in e na ionally
ecognized benchma ks ha de ine he quali y,
e ec i eness, and equi y o educa ion sys ems wo ldwide.
These s anda ds aim o ensu e ha lea ne s ac oss na ions
acqui e essen ial knowledge, skills, and alues needed o
global ci izenship and sus ainable de elopmen .
O ganiza ions such as UNESCO, OECD, and he Wo ld
Bank play a key ole in o mula ing and assessing hese
s anda ds h ough amewo ks like Educa ion o All (EFA),
Sus ainable De elopmen Goal 4 (SDG 4), and he
In e na ional Jou nal o T ends in Eme ging Resea ch and De elopmen h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
22
h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
P og amme o In e na ional S uden Assessmen (PISA).
Global educa ion emphasizes holis ic lea ning, c i ical
hinking, c ea i i y, echnological compe ence, and
inclusi i y. I p omo es access o quali y educa ion
ega dless o gende , geog aphy, o socioeconomic
backg ound. Many coun ies align hei na ional educa ion
policies wi h hese s anda ds o enhance in e na ional
collabo a ion, s uden mobili y, and employabili y.
Ul ima ely, global educa ion s anda ds seek o build a
knowledge-based, equi able, and in e connec ed wo ld
h ough li elong lea ning and inno a ion.
Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS)
Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS) ep esen he as ,
di e se, and ancien in ellec ual adi ions o India ha
encompass science, philosophy, a , li e a u e, medicine,
ma hema ics, go e nance, and spi i uali y. Roo ed in
cen u ies o schola ly pu sui and cul u al e olu ion, IKS
emphasizes a holis ic unde s anding o li e, in eg a ing
knowledge wi h e hics, sus ainabili y, and well-being.
Ancien uni e si ies such as Nalanda, Takshashila, and
Vik amshila we e global cen e s o lea ning ha embodied
hese p inciples. IKS includes p o ound con ibu ions such
as Ayu eda in medicine, Yoga in physical and men al
discipline, Vas u Shas a in a chi ec u e, Jyo ish Shas a in
as onomy, and Chanakya Ni i in poli ical hough . Fields
like ma hema ics (ze o, decimal sys em) and me allu gy also
e lec India’s scien i ic ad ancemen s. The Na ional
Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 ecognizes he impo ance o
IKS in c ea ing a balanced educa ion sys em ha blends
adi ional wisdom wi h mode n scien i ic inqui y. By
in eg a ing IKS in o con empo a y cu icula, s uden s can
de elop a deepe unde s anding o Indian he i age,
en i onmen al e hics, and sus ainable li ing p ac ices. This
app oach no only p ese es indigenous knowledge bu also
p omo es inno a ion g ounded in cul u al iden i y. Thus,
IKS se es as a b idge be ween India’s ancien in ellec ual
legacy and mode n global educa ion, nu u ing bo h wisdom
and p og ess.
Mul idisciplina y Lea ning and Holis ic Educa ion
Mul idisciplina y lea ning and holis ic educa ion a e co e
p inciples o he Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020,
aiming o ans o m he Indian educa ion sys em in o one
ha os e s c ea i i y, c i ical hinking, and li elong
lea ning. Mul idisciplina y lea ning allows s uden s o
choose subjec s ac oss s eams, such as science, a s,
comme ce, humani ies, and oca ional cou ses, b eaking he
igid bounda ies o adi ional educa ion. This lexibili y
encou ages in e disciplina y knowledge, p oblem-sol ing
abili ies, and adap abili y, aligning India’s educa ion sys em
wi h global s anda ds obse ed in libe al educa ion models
o he USA, Eu ope, and o he leading na ions. Holis ic
educa ion goes beyond academic lea ning o ocus on he
o e all de elopmen o lea ne s, including emo ional, social,
e hical, physical, and cogni i e g ow h. NEP 2020
emphasizes expe ien ial lea ning, oca ional aining, and
alue-based educa ion, ensu ing s uden s de elop p ac ical
skills, social esponsibili y, and cul u al awa eness.
In eg a ing Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS), such as Yoga,
a s, philosophy, and en i onmen al e hics, en iches holis ic
lea ning by connec ing s uden s wi h India’s in ellec ual and
cul u al he i age. Toge he , mul idisciplina y and holis ic
app oaches c ea e well- ounded indi iduals capable o
add essing complex eal-wo ld challenges, con ibu ing o
inno a ion, and pa icipa ing meaning ully in socie y. They
also b idge global bes p ac ices wi h India’s adi ional
knowledge, making educa ion inclusi e, u u e- eady, and
cul u ally oo ed.
Cul u al Educa ion
Cul u al educa ion unde he Na ional Educa ion Policy
(NEP) 2020 emphasizes connec ing lea ne s wi h India’s
ich he i age, adi ions, and alues while os e ing global
awa eness. I in eg a es Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS),
including classical a s, li e a u e, philosophy, music, dance,
and local languages, in o he cu iculum. Cul u al educa ion
p omo es e hical alues, social esponsibili y, and
en i onmen al consciousness, enabling s uden s o
app ecia e di e si y and in e cul u al unde s anding. By
combining adi ional knowledge wi h mode n educa ion,
NEP 2020 aims o de elop well- ounded, cul u ally oo ed,
and globally compe en ci izens. This app oach ensu es
educa ion is no only skill-o ien ed bu also p ese es
India’s iden i y in a apidly globalizing wo ld.
Indigenous knowledge: Indigenous knowledge e e s o he
adi ional wisdom, p ac ices, and inno a ions de eloped by
communi ies o e cen u ies, e lec ing a deep unde s anding
o local en i onmen s, cul u e, and socie y. The Na ional
Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes in eg a ing Indian
Knowledge Sys ems (IKS) in o cu icula, p omo ing
subjec s such as Ayu eda, Yoga, classical a s, as onomy,
and sus ainable ag icul u al p ac ices. Recognizing
indigenous knowledge ensu es he p ese a ion o cul u al
he i age, os e s con ex ual lea ning, and encou ages
sus ainable p oblem-sol ing oo ed in local eali ies. By
combining indigenous wisdom wi h mode n educa ion, NEP
2020 aims o c ea e lea ne s who a e bo h globally
compe en and deeply connec ed o India’s in ellec ual and
cul u al legacy.
Global Compe i i eness and Educa ional Re o ms
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 aims o enhance
global compe i i eness by aligning India’s educa ion sys em
wi h in e na ional s anda ds and p epa ing s uden s o he
challenges o he 21s cen u y. Emphasizing c i ical
hinking, c ea i i y, digi al li e acy, and mul idisciplina y
lea ning, NEP encou ages lea ne s o acqui e skills ha
mee global wo k o ce demands. Ini ia i es like he
Academic Bank o C edi s, lexible cu icula, online
educa ion pla o ms, and in e na ional collabo a ions os e
mobili y, inno a ion, and li elong lea ning. The policy
ep esen s a signi ican educa ional e o m, es uc u ing
school and highe educa ion sys ems o be mo e inclusi e,
lexible, and esea ch-d i en. By in eg a ing Indian
Knowledge Sys ems (IKS) alongside mode n sciences, NEP
ensu es s uden s gain a unique ad an age, combining
adi ional wisdom wi h con empo a y knowledge. These
e o ms aim o p oduce globally compe en ci izens who can
con ibu e o in e na ional inno a ion while e aining
cul u al iden i y, making India a knowledge-d i en economy
and a hub o sus ainable de elopmen and global
in ellec ual leade ship.
In e na ional Jou nal o T ends in Eme ging Resea ch and De elopmen h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
23
h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
Sus ainable De elopmen and Value-Based Educa ion:
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes
sus ainable de elopmen and alue-based educa ion as
cen al pilla s o shaping esponsible and socially conscious
ci izens. Sus ainable de elopmen in educa ion ocuses on
equipping lea ne s wi h he knowledge, skills, and a i udes
necessa y o add ess global challenges such as clima e
change, esou ce managemen , social inequali y, and
en i onmen al deg ada ion. NEP 2020 in eg a es
sus ainabili y concep s h ough expe ien ial lea ning,
p ojec -based ac i i ies, and in e disciplina y app oaches,
encou aging s uden s o de elop p ac ical solu ions while
unde s anding ecological balance and communi y well-
being. Value-based educa ion unde NEP 2020 emphasizes
e hical easoning, empa hy, social esponsibili y, cul u al
awa eness, and mo al in eg i y. By inco po a ing Indian
Knowledge Sys ems (IKS), including eachings om
philosophy, Yoga, Ayu eda, and classical li e a u e, he
policy nu u es espec o cul u al he i age and human
alues alongside mode n scien i ic lea ning. This dual ocus
ensu es educa ion is no me ely skill-o ien ed bu holis ic,
ans o ma i e, and oo ed in e hics. Combining sus ainable
de elopmen wi h alue-based educa ion enables lea ne s o
become globally awa e, cul u ally g ounded, and socially
esponsible indi iduals. By os e ing en i onmen al
s ewa dship, e hical conduc , and ci ic engagemen , NEP
2020 p epa es s uden s o con ibu e meaning ully o
sus ainable socie ies while p ese ing India’s in ellec ual
and mo al legacy.
Resea ch and Inno a ion
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes
esea ch and inno a ion as c i ical d i e s o India’s
knowledge economy and global compe i i eness. The policy
en isions a obus esea ch ecosys em ac oss schools, highe
educa ion ins i u ions, and oca ional aining cen e s.
Es ablishmen o he Na ional Resea ch Founda ion (NRF)
aims o p omo e in e disciplina y, high-quali y esea ch and
os e a cul u e o cu iosi y, c i ical hinking, and p oblem-
sol ing. NEP encou ages in eg a ion o Indian Knowledge
Sys ems (IKS) wi h mode n scien i ic me hods, enabling
explo a ion o adi ional wisdom in a eas such as
Ayu eda, ma hema ics, as onomy, a s, and en i onmen al
p ac ices. By p omo ing expe ien ial lea ning, echnology-
d i en esea ch, and in e na ional collabo a ions, he policy
aligns Indian educa ion wi h global s anda ds while
nu u ing indigenous inno a ion. I also encou ages s uden s
o unde ake esea ch-based p ojec s, inno a ion challenges,
and en ep eneu ship ac i i ies, making lea ning p ac ical
and impac ul. Th ough hese e o ms, NEP 2020 aims o
de elop a gene a ion o inno a o s and esea che s who a e
bo h globally compe en and oo ed in India’s in ellec ual
he i age, d i ing sus ainable de elopmen and knowledge
c ea ion.
Libe al Educa ion and Skill De elopmen
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes
libe al educa ion and skill de elopmen as in eg al
componen s o a mode n, globally compe i i e educa ion
sys em. Libe al educa ion p omo es mul idisciplina y
lea ning, c i ical hinking, c ea i i y, e hical easoning, and
in ellec ual lexibili y, allowing s uden s o explo e di e se
subjec s beyond adi ional bounda ies. This app oach aligns
India wi h global educa ion ends in coun ies such as he
USA and Eu ope, whe e libe al educa ion os e s holis ic
de elopmen and inno a ion-d i en lea ning. Skill
de elopmen unde NEP 2020 ocuses on 21s -cen u y
compe encies, including p oblem-sol ing, digi al li e acy,
communica ion, en ep eneu ship, and oca ional expe ise.
By inco po a ing expe ien ial lea ning, in e nships, and
p ojec -based ac i i ies, he policy ensu es ha s uden s
acqui e p ac ical knowledge alongside heo e ical
unde s anding. NEP also in eg a es Indian Knowledge
Sys ems (IKS), such as Yoga, Ayu eda, classical a s, and
indigenous sciences, p o iding lea ne s wi h cul u ally
oo ed skills ha enhance c ea i i y and con ex ual
unde s anding.
Toge he , libe al educa ion and skill de elopmen c ea e
well- ounded, adap able indi iduals capable o add essing
complex socie al and global challenges. By balancing global
compe encies wi h indigenous wisdom, NEP 2020 os e s a
wo k o ce ha is no only echnically p o icien bu also
e hically g ounded, cul u ally awa e, and capable o
con ibu ing meaning ully o sus ainable de elopmen and
inno a ion.
Digi al Lea ning and Cu iculum Flexibili y
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes
digi al lea ning and cu iculum lexibili y o mode nize
India’s educa ion sys em and align i wi h global s anda ds.
Digi al lea ning in eg a es echnology in o class ooms,
p omo ing e-lea ning pla o ms, i ual labs, online
assessmen s, and AI-d i en educa ion ools. This app oach
enhances accessibili y, pe sonalized lea ning, and
in e ac i e eaching, ensu ing ha s uden s in u ban and
u al a eas can acqui e knowledge a hei own pace. By
inco po a ing digi al li e acy om ounda ional le els, NEP
p epa es lea ne s o he echnology-d i en wo k o ce o he
21s cen u y, os e ing skills such as c i ical hinking,
p oblem-sol ing, and compu a ional unde s anding.
Cu iculum lexibili y unde NEP 2020 allows s uden s o
choose subjec s ac oss s eams, adop mul idisciplina y
pa hways, and pu sue oca ional o skill-based cou ses
alongside adi ional academics. The Academic Bank o
C edi s (ABC) enables seamless en y, exi , and c edi
ans e be ween ins i u ions, p omo ing li elong lea ning.
Flexibili y also includes in eg a ion o Indian Knowledge
Sys ems (IKS), allowing s uden s o s udy Yoga, Ayu eda,
a s, and classical li e a u e alongside mode n sciences.
Toge he , digi al lea ning and lexible cu icula c ea e a
s uden -cen ic, adap i e, and globally compe i i e
educa ion sys em, blending echnology, in e disciplina y
knowledge, and indigenous wisdom. This empowe s
lea ne s o h i e in a dynamic wo ld while emaining
oo ed in India’s cul u al and in ellec ual he i age.
Founda ional Li e acy and Global Ci izenship
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes
ounda ional li e acy and nume acy as he co ne s one o
e ec i e lea ning. Recognizing ha ea ly acquisi ion o
eading, w i ing, and a i hme ic skills is c i ical o li elong
educa ion, NEP p io i izes age-app op ia e, e idence-based
in e en ions in he o ma i e yea s (ages 3–8) h ough
p og ams such as Ea ly Childhood Ca e and Educa ion
In e na ional Jou nal o T ends in Eme ging Resea ch and De elopmen h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
24
h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
(ECCE). Founda ional li e acy ensu es ha lea ne s build
s ong cogni i e and analy ical skills, which a e essen ial o
ad anced lea ning, ul idisciplina y s udies, and p oblem-
sol ing in a globalized wo ld. NEP 2020 also p omo es
global ci izenship educa ion, p epa ing s uden s o engage
esponsibly wi h a apidly in e connec ed wo ld. By
inco po a ing sus ainabili y, cul u al awa eness, e hics,
human igh s, and in e cul u al unde s anding in o cu icula,
lea ne s de elop a sense o social esponsibili y and
empa hy. In eg a ion o Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS),
including adi ional alues, e hics, a s, and en i onmen al
p ac ices, complemen s global pe spec i es, ensu ing ha
s uden s a e bo h cul u ally g ounded and globally
compe en . By combining ounda ional li e acy wi h global
ci izenship, NEP os e s well- ounded indi iduals capable o
c i ical hinking, e ec i e communica ion, and e hical
decision-making. This dual ocus equips lea ne s o na iga e
local and in e na ional challenges, con ibu ing
meaning ully o socie y, inno a ion, and sus ainable
de elopmen , while p ese ing India’s in ellec ual and
cul u al he i age.
India as a Vishwagu u
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 en isions India
as a “Vishwagu u” a global leade in knowledge, educa ion,
and inno a ion. By e o ming he educa ion sys em o be
holis ic, mul idisciplina y, and globally compe i i e, NEP
seeks o posi ion India as a cen e o lea ning ha combines
mode n scien i ic ad ancemen s wi h India’s ich
in ellec ual he i age. The policy emphasizes esea ch,
inno a ion, digi al lea ning, and in e na ional collabo a ions,
enabling Indian s uden s and ins i u ions o con ibu e
meaning ully o global knowledge c ea ion. A dis inc i e
aspec o his ision is he in eg a ion o Indian Knowledge
Sys ems (IKS), including classical a s, li e a u e,
philosophy, Yoga, Ayu eda, and sus ainable p ac ices. By
p omo ing indigenous wisdom alongside con empo a y
educa ion, NEP s eng hens India’s cul u al iden i y and
showcases i s ci iliza ional con ibu ions on he wo ld s age.
Th ough hese ini ia i es, India aims o p oduce globally
compe en , e hically g ounded, and cul u ally oo ed
ci izens, os e ing inno a ion, sus ainable de elopmen , and
leade ship. NEP 2020 hus lays he ounda ion o India o
eclaim i s his o ical s a us as a Vishwagu u in educa ion
and knowledge.
Conclusion
The Na ional Educa ion Policy (NEP) 2020 ep esen s a
ans o ma i e bluep in o India’s educa ion sys em,
aiming o align i wi h global s anda ds while p ese ing he
coun y’s unique cul u al and in ellec ual he i age. By
emphasizing holis ic, mul idisciplina y, and skill-o ien ed
lea ning, NEP os e s he de elopmen o lea ne s who a e
no only academically compe en bu also e hically
g ounded, socially esponsible, and cul u ally awa e. The
policy’s in eg a ion o Indian Knowledge Sys ems (IKS)-
including Yoga, Ayu eda, classical a s, li e a u e,
philosophy, and sus ainable p ac ices-ensu es ha s uden s
emain connec ed o India’s ci iliza ional legacy while
engaging wi h con empo a y knowledge and echnology.
NEP 2020’s ocus on ounda ional li e acy, global
ci izenship, digi al lea ning, cu iculum lexibili y, and
esea ch inno a ion aligns India wi h in e na ional
benchma ks, p omo ing global compe i i eness and
acili a ing knowledge exchange ac oss bo de s. A he same
ime, ini ia i es like he Academic Bank o C edi s,
oca ional educa ion, and expe ien ial lea ning empowe
s uden s wi h p ac ical skills, adap abili y, and li elong
lea ning capabili ies.
By combining global bes p ac ices wi h indigenous
wisdom, NEP 2020 add esses bo h he demands o a
knowledge-d i en global economy and he p ese a ion o
India’s in ellec ual iden i y. I en isions he c ea ion o well-
ounded indi iduals capable o inno a ion, leade ship, and
sus ainable de elopmen , posi ioning India as a Vishwagu u
in educa ion and knowledge. O e all, NEP 2020 o e s a
comp ehensi e, inclusi e, and o wa d-looking amewo k
ha ha monizes mode n educa ion wi h India’s ich
he i age, laying he ounda ion o a globally compe en and
cul u ally oo ed gene a ion.
Re e ences
1. D . Chaudha y N. A s udy on he impac o
in e disciplina y educa ion on s uden Achie emen : An
examina ion o NEP 2020's implemen a ion in highe
educa ion ins i u ions. In e na ional Jou nal o
Mul idisciplina y Ad ance Resea ch. 2025;3(2):107-
110.
2. Amani S. In eg a ing Indian knowledge sys em:
e i alizing India’s educa ional landscape. In e na ional
Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y Resea ch. 2024;6(3):1-6.
3. Jadon S, Saxena V, Jadon A. F om Gu ukul o global:
Indian knowledge sys ems shaping NEP 2020.
In e na ional Jou nal o Inno a ions in Science,
Enginee ing and Managemen . 2025;4(3):153-160.
4. Be a M. Indian knowledge sys em and alue educa ion:
Reshaping eache educa ion in he ligh o NEP-2020.
The Social Science Re iew A Mul idisciplina y
Jou nal. 2025;3(3):12-18.
5. Kuma A, Kisho V. In eg a ing India's T adi ional
Wisdom: Explo ing he Role o NEP-2020 in he Indian
Knowledge Sys em. Educa ional Ques .
2024;15(3):151-155.
C ea i e Commons (CC) License
This a icle is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde
he e ms and condi ions o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion (CC BY 4.0) license. This license pe mi s
un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any
medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
