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Online a : h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com ISSN No: 2584-282X
Indexed Jou nal Pee Re iewed Jou nal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRENDS IN EMERGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Volume 3; Issue 5; 2025; Page No. 36-41
Recei ed: 10-07-2025
Accep ed: 17-08-2025
Published: 20-09-2025
Educa ional S a us o B ick Kiln Wo ke s in Andh a P adesh: Pa e ns,
Ba ie s and Oppo uni ies
D . Gollapalli Tejeswa a Rao
Assis an P o esso , School o Educa ion, Mizo am Uni e si y, Aizawl, Mizo am, India
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17164840
Co esponding Au ho : D . Gollapalli Tejeswa a Rao
Abs ac
An essen ial componen o he na ion's indus ial and in as uc u e g ow h is cons uc ion ac i i y. Fo housands o unskilled mig an
wo ke s, he b ick kilns p o ide a li ing. E e y yea , a ound a million ma ginal and landless a me s a el o Andh a P adesh in ques o
seasonal wo k due o he wo k's seasonal na u e, which d aws mig an labou om nea by s a es. These labou e s mig a e along wi h he
amilies. Each uni consis s o 15-20 membe s comp ising o adul s and child en, and all o hem a e engaged in b ick kiln wo k. B ick kiln
wo ke s always emain unde hea y wo k p essu e o wo k and p oduce a g ea e numbe o b icks du ing peak seasons wi h limi ed
acili ies, esou ces and managemen skills. The p esen esea ch on he Socio-Economic condi ions and educa ional s a us o b ick kiln
wo ke s is one o i s kind which needs he a en ion o go e nmen au ho i ies. I is a unique s udy whe ein he social and economic
condi ions a e analysed which a e d as ically impac ed by he o e all wo king condi ions o his exploi ed labou class. To s udy he
Educa ional S a us and socio-economic condi ions o b ick kiln wo ke s, 500 wo ke s we e selec ed as sample om S ikakulam and
Vizianaga am Dis ic s o Andh a P adesh on andom basis. Da a was ga he ed h ough s uc u ed In e iew Schedule and whe e
demog aphic de ails we e ga he ed along wi h he socio-economic issues aced by he wo ke s. S a is ical Package o Social Sciences was
used o he analysis ollowed by indings, and conclusions we e p esen ed i.e., 1) In e ms o educa ional s a us o wo ke s, majo i y o he
wo ke s a e No o mal educa ion, majo i y o he wo ke s a e no en olled in any educa ional Ins i u ions due o amily esponsibili ies, 2)
Rega ding he educa ional p og ammes, majo i y o he wo ke s did no no ice any o he educa ional p og ammes conduc ed by hei
communi y due o lack o li e acy and awa eness, 3) I was no iced ha , mo e han 54% o he wo ke s a e ha ing hei own houses,
emaining a e no ha ing p ope accommoda ion. Nea ly 50% o he wo ke s a e no ha ing pucca houses, s aying in he ha ched house, i is
he eason ha inancial p oblems p e ail among hem, 4) Wi h ega d o mig a ion o wo ke s, i was no iced ha , majo i y o he wo ke s
a e mig a ed om o he s a es. I seems ha he skilled people a e mig a ing om o he s a es, 5) i was no iced ha he policies o he
ini ia i es designed by he go e nmen a e no sui able o no implemen ed e ec i ely o he bene i s o he b ick kiln wo ke s, 6) Majo i y
o he wo ke s s a ed ha , hey a e no p o iding any heal h insu ance co e age acili ies by he employe and also e ealed ha hey, a e
su e ed se ious inju y o illness due o hei wo k in he b ick kiln a eas. The u u e scope o his s udy includes explo ing long- e m
solu ions o imp o e he economic condi ions o b ick kiln wo ke s, such as s eng hening policy implemen a ion and enhancing access o
wel a e p og ams. Fu he esea ch could ocus on he impac o echnological ad ancemen s and sus ainable p ac ices on wo ke s' wel a e
and economic s abili y.
Keywo ds: Educa ional S a us, Socio-Economic Condi ions, B ick Kiln Wo ke s, Policies o he wel a e, Mig a ion
In oduc ion
B ick kilns a e he uno ganised sec o o India. They ha e
lo o po en ial showcasing ecu ing demand and low skill
se s. No only b ick kilns a e a sou ce o employmen o he
uneduca ed illage olk bu also an excellen example o low
in es men business en u e o small ime en ep eneu s.
These a e u naces o kilns in which blocks o clay a e
baked o bu ned in o b icks. These b icks a e used in
cons uc ion pu poses which is he backbone o he eal
es a e sec o . Mos kiln wo ke s a e ei he om he nea by
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illages o mig an s coming om o he s a es o ou
coun y. They a e p edominan ly membe s o lowe cas es
such as Dali s and indigenous g oups ha a e commonly
amongs he disc imina ed lo .
B ick kilns in India a e cha ac e ised by adi ional modes o
p oduc ion, low capi al-in ensi y, seasonal employmen
pa e ns and lack o adequa e egula ions. While he e a e no
o icial es ima es o b ick p oduc ion in he coun y, o ci ed
igu es om indus y associa ions and expe s sugges ha
he e a e o e a lakh b ick kilns in India, p oducing abou
250 billion b icks annually (Lalchandani & Mai hel, 2013;
PSCST websi e) [2]. India accoun s o abou 10% o global
b ick p oduc ion, nex o China (PSCST websi e). The
inc easing demand o he p oduc ion o b icks in he pas
decade o so has been closely linked o he spu in
cons uc ion sec o , which g ew a a Compound Annual
G ow h Ra e (CAGR) o 10.3% be ween 2000-01 and 2010-
11, and in 2015-16, con ibu ed o 7.7% o he coun y’s
GDP (10, 64,068 c o es) (RBI Da abase on Indian
Economy). Es ima es o employmen in b ick-kilns a e also
a ied. The ILO es ima es ha abou 10 million wo ke s a e
employed in b ick manu ac u ing (ci ed in PCLRA, 2012,
p.10). Recen es ima es om he NSS 68 h ound (2011-12),
on he o he hand, sugges ha abou 2.1 million wo ke s a e
employed in b ick-kilns1, o which 84% (1.8 million) a e
male.2 In 2007- 08, as pe he s a is ics o he NSS 64 h
ound, he e we e abou 1.6 million wo ke s in he b ick
sec o , o which nea ly 75% (1.2 million) we e male.
Be ween 1999-00 and 2011-12, he wo k o ce in b ick-kilns
has g own a a a e o 5.80% (see Figu e 1). F om Census
2001 da a, i can be seen ha he e a e abou 1.2 million
wo ke s in b ick-kiln and ela ed sec o .3 The b ick-kiln
indus y is a p edominan ly u al one, and he sha e o he
b ick-kiln wo k o ce in u al a eas g ew mo e han ha in
u ban a eas be ween 1999-00 and 2010-11. In his pe iod,
while he u al b ick-kiln wo k o ce g ew om 0.29 million
o o.38 million, he u ban wo k o ce g ew only ma ginally
om 0.03 million o 0.04 million.
I is es ima ed ha he e a leas 100,000 unc ioning b ick
kilns in India. The Na ional Sample Su ey O ganisa ion
(NSSO) es ima ed ha in 2009-2010, b ick kilns employed
mo e han 5 pe cen o India’s 460 million wo ke s; which
would equa e o mo e han 23 million b ick kiln wo ke s.
Se e al sou ces belie e he ac ual numbe employed in
b ick kilns o be signi ican ly highe . Many o India’s b ick
kiln wo ke s ha e mig a ed in e nally om he poo e s a es
in India, and a e p edominan ly om 2 g oups ha a e
commonly disc imina ed agains such as Dali s, o he low
cas es and indigenous g oups, making hem easie o
exploi . Bonded labou is endemic among b ick kiln
wo ke s. Each yea , labou con ac o s (o b oke s) secu e
he employmen o wo ke s h ough he use o he paymen
o an ad ance o loan. In he b ick kiln, he wo ke will
labou agains he ad ance ha he has aken. While he
e bal ag eemen is made wi h he male head o household,
and i is he male head o he household who ecei es he
ad ance paymen and a weekly o o nigh ly paymen o
expenses, he whole amily a e conside ed pa o he
ag eemen . Women and child en he e o e wo k long hou s
in he kilns agains he loan o ad ance, bu a e no
ecognised as wo ke s in hei own igh and do no ecei e
any paymen di ec ly. The emune a ion o mos ac i i ies
in a b ick kiln is on a piece a e basis (paid pe b ick). B ick
kiln wo ke s do no ecei e a egula wage, since hei
ea nings se ice he deb . Ins ead, hey ecei e a weekly o
o nigh ly paymen o ood and o he necessi ies which is
added o hei deb . A he end o he b ick making season,
hei ea nings a e calcula ed and adjus ed agains he
amoun o ad ance aken and o al ecei ed o expenses.
Wo ke s usually ha e no idea un il he end o he season
how much hey a e en i led o ecei e, o i hey s ill owe
he b ick kiln owne . Al hough equi ed unde he law, he e
is o en no employmen eco ds main ained and he e is no
anspa en and e i iable p ocess o wage de e mina ion
and wage se lemen agains ad ances. I he ad ance
paymen is no conside ed by he employe o ha e been
clea ed, he wo ke will be ied o e u n o he same b ick
kiln he ollowing season. As hey o en ake new loans o
clea pas deb s, many wo ke s emain in pe pe ual bondage.
Re iew o Li e a u e
I is ele an li e a u e ela ing o he b ick kiln wo ke s
socio-economic, li ing, wo king condi ions heal h and
sa e y p o isions a he cen es we e discussed. The esea ch
li e a u e was e iewed om he p ima y sou ces collec ed
om bo h Na ional and In e na ional sou ces. The e iews
we e p esen ed below.
K. Na inda Je li (2011) [3] in he book ‘India: Manpowe ,
Employmen Policy and Labou Wel a e 1947 o 2011’
men ioned ha cons uc ion is one o he mos labou
in ensi e sec o . Also, he e exis ed la ge unme demand o
housing in bo h u al and u ban a eas. Acco ding o he
Na ional Building O ganisa ion, he u ban housing sho age
was a 8.23 million uni s in 1991. Simila ly in u al a eas
oo he e we e such sho ages. A boos o his sec o was
necessa y o mee he housing demand, which cons i u ed
one o he basic necessi ies
Vik an e al. (2016) [4] ha e depic ed ha b ick making is
one o he oldes en e p ises. They discuss he wellbeing
s a us o b ick kiln wo ke s and e iew wo king condi ions
and secu i y measu es a he b ick kilns. The wo ke s in he
b ick business a e exposed o ou ageous wo king
condi ions and helpless compensa ion. P esen ly in India,
b ick manu ac u ing is a labou -in ensi e sec o wo k, wi h
c ude p ocedu es ha equi e a lo o ha d wo k o he
wo ke s. The s udy e ealed ha 70 pe cen o wo ke s we e
ecei ing less han 150 upees pe day (i.e. 2.02 US dolla s),
which is lowe han he minimum wages o eseen in he
1948 Minimum wages ac .
Sou a Halde and U am Kuma Pa a (2021) [14] has
s udied on s a us o b ick kiln wo ke s in Sou h -Eas Asia.
The s udy e ealed ha B ick kiln sec o is one o he oldes
uno ganized labou -in ensi e in o mal sec o s in Sou h-Eas
Asia, China, India, Pakis an, Vie nam, Bangladesh, Nepal
a e he majo b icks p oducing coun y in he Sou h-Eas
Asia. Rapid a e o u baniza ion in sou h-eas Asia is one o
he impo an easons o inc easing b icks p oduc ion.
Nilu pal Na ayan Konwa (2022) [1] s udied on ‘Socio-
Economic Condi ions o he B ick-Making Indus y
Wo ke s - A Case S udy on Da ang Dis ic o Assam’.
B ick-making indus y, a kind o labou -in ensi e indus y;
is p o iding a signi ican con ibu ion owa ds he
employmen gene a ion and na ional income o he coun y.
Yea a e yea , he indus y is employing la ge numbe s o
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bo h mig an and non-mig an wo ke s; including men,
women and e en child en. Howe e , he na u e o hei
employmen con ac is empo a y and hey ha e o wo k in
an unheal hy en i onmen wi h low wages. They a e
exploi ed and dep i ed.
Reddy e al., (2023) [8] assessed how seasonal employmen
in b ick kilns impac s he economic s abili y o wo ke s in
Andh a P adesh. The s udy ound ha seasonal wo k leads
o income ola ili y, making i di icul o wo ke s o sa e
o in es in hei child en’s educa ion o heal hca e. The
wo ke s’ lack o consis en income u he pe pe ua es
po e y. The e is insu icien esea ch on long- e m
s a egies o s abilize he income o seasonal wo ke s and
he ole o digi al inance o mic oloans in mi iga ing hei
economic ulne abili y.
Gup a e al., (2024) [5] assessed he impac o go e nmen
egula ions, including labou laws and sa e y s anda ds, on
he economic well-being o b ick kiln wo ke s. The s udy
ound ha while egula ions exis , hei en o cemen is
weak, leading o subs anda d wages and unsa e wo king
condi ions o wo ke s. The e is a need o mo e ocused
esea ch on he e ec i eness o labou law en o cemen
mechanisms in in o mal sec o s like b ick kilns.
Need and signi icance o he p esen s udy
The s udy o “Educa ional s a us o b ick-making wo ke ” is
e y much impo an o unde s and hei p esen s a us and
o assess hei p oblems. Wo ke s o he b ick-making
indus y cons i u e one o he weakes and poo es sec ions
o he u al socie y. The wo ke s a e gene ally ec ui ed
h ough con ac o s o labou agen s o he kiln owne ,
because o mos o he labou s a e illi e a es. The
ec ui men is empo a y and usually accompanied by
paymen o ad ances o he wo ke s o a speci ied ime
pe iod. Since he kilns ope a e in he backwa d a eas, hey
mos ly emain un egula ed and e en s a u o y minimum
wages a e no paid o he wo ke s. The numbe o wages
paid also a ies om wo ke o wo ke depending upon
hei na u e o wo k. Mo eo e , he labou agen s o
con ac o s ge commissions h ough an in o mal deduc ion
om he wages o wo ke s. F om pilo su ey, i comes o
know ha , he wo ke s o he b ick making indus y a e
acing a ious p oblems, such as; absence o unions o
legisla ion o hei p o ec ion, absence o p ope
educa ional, d inking wa e and sani a ion acili ies e c.
They a e s ill li ing in po e y wi h poo access o heal h
ca e. Tha ’s why hei social-economic condi ion is a ma e
o conce n. The e is a need o imp o e he wo king
en i onmen o he wo ke s in o de o mo i a e hem.
Mo eo e , s a u o y bene i s should be p o ided o hem o
hei wel a e. I is hoped ha , he p esen esea ch s udy will
be help ul o he indus ialis s, planne s, policy make s and
esea che o upli ing he socio-economic condi ions o he
wo ke s, which in u n, may es ablish pleasan indus ial
ela ions.
Objec i es o he s udy
The speci ic objec i es o he s udy a e:
1. To examine he educa ional s a us o b ick kiln wo ke s
in Andh a P adesh
2. To assess he mig an b ick kiln wo ke s om o he
s a es o Andh a P adesh
3. To de elop a ame wo k on skill-based educa ion wi h
esponse o hei socio-cul u al se up
4. To p o ide ap possible solu ions o upli he B ick
Kiln wo ke ’s li elihood a he Na ional le el.
Ma e ils and Me hods
This s udy is a mixed mode me hod o esea ch. Desc ip i e
su ey was he me hod used o conduc ing he s udy. The
esea che selec ed S ikakulam and Vizianaga am dis ic s
o Andh a P adesh as s udy a ea. In he S ikakulam and
Vizianaga am dis ic o Andh a P adesh 40 b ick kiln
ac o ies a e loca ed. The esea che selec ed 500 wo ke s
o collec ion o da a. A sel -made In e iew schedule was
de eloped o collec ion o da a.
Findings and Discussion
Table 1: Dis ibu ion o b ick kiln wo ke s by hei Educa ion
Le el
Educa ion Le el
F equency
Pe cen
No o mal
146
29.20
P ima y
95
19.00
Middle school
52
10.40
High School
91
18.20
Highe Seconda y
99
19.80
Voca ional
17
3.40
To al
500
100.00
The able shows ha ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 29.20%
o he wo ke s a e No o mal educa ion, whe eas 19.00%
wo ke s a e comple ed p ima y educa ion, 10.40% a e
s udied middle school educa ion, 18.20% a e ha ing high
school educa ion, 19.80% a e comple ed highe educa ion
and he emaining 3.40% a e s udied Voca ional educa ion.
We conclude ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e No o mal
educa ion.
29.20
19.00
10.40
18.20
19.80
3.40
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
No o mal P ima y Middle school High School Highe
Seconda y
Voca ional
Fig 1: Dis ibu ion o b ick kiln wo ke s by hei Educa ion Le el
Table 2: Main eason o no A ending school o any educa ional
ins i u ion
Response
F equency
Pe cen
Financial Cons ain s
160
32.00
Lack o access o educa ional acili ies
36
7.20
Family esponsibili ies
198
39.60
O he s
106
21.20
To al
500
100.00
Table shows ha ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 32.00% o
he wo ke s a e no en olled in educa ional ins i u es due o
inancial cons ain s, whe eas 7.20% a e lack o access o
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educa ional acili ies, 39.60% a e no en olled due o amily
esponsibili ies and he emaining a e no en olled due o
o he easons. We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e no
en olled in any educa ional Ins i u ions due o amily
esponsibili ies. Financial cons ain s we e he dominan
ac o among wo ke s.
21.20
39.60
7.20
32.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
Financial Cons ain s Lack o access o
educa ional acili ies
Family
esponsibili ies
O he s
Fig 2: Main eason o no A nding school o any educa ional
ins i u ion
Table 3: Pe cep ions Abou he impo ance o educa ion?
Response
F equency
Pe cen
Ve y Impo an
429
85.80
Somewha Impo an
51
10.20
No impo an
20
4.00
To al
500
100.00
F om he abo e able, i was obse ed ha ou o 500 b ick
kiln wo ke s, 85.80% o he wo ke s pe cei ed ha
educa ion is e y impo an , whe eas 10.20% wo ke s
pe cei ed ha , educa ion is somewha impo an and he
emaining 4.00% a e pe cei ed ha , educa ion is no
impo an . We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s pe cei ed
ha educa ion is an impo an ac o .
85.80
10.20
4.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
Ve y Impo an Somewha Impo an No impo an
Fig 3: Pe cep ions Abou he impo ance o educa ion?
Findings Explana ion
1. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 29.20% o he wo ke s
a e No o mal educa ion, whe eas 19.00% wo ke s a e
comple ed p ima y educa ion, 10.40% a e s udied
middle school educa ion, 18.20% a e ha ing high school
educa ion, 19.80% a e comple ed highe educa ion and
he emaining 3.40% a e s udied Voca ional educa ion.
We conclude ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e No o mal
educa ion.
2. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 14.20% o he wo ke s
a e en olled in educa ional ins i u es while emaining
85.80% a e no en olled in any educa ional Ins i u ions.
We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e no en olled in
any educa ional Ins i u ions.
3. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 32.00% o he wo ke s
a e no en olled in educa ional ins i u es due o inancial
cons ain s, whe eas 7.20% a e lack o access o
educa ional acili ies, 39.60% a e no en olled due o
amily esponsibili ies and he emaining a e no
en olled due o o he easons. We in e ha majo i y o
he wo ke s a e no en olled in any educa ional
Ins i u ions due o amily esponsibili ies. Financial
cons ain s we e he dominan ac o among wo ke s.
4. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 57.60% o he wo ke s
a e d op ou a school le el, whe eas he emaining
42.40% a e no d op ou o school a any poin . We in e
ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e d op ou o school.
5. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 57.60% o he wo ke s
a e d op ou a school le el, whe eas he emaining
42.40% a e no d op ou o school a any poin . We in e
ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e d op ou o school.
6. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 35.80% o he wo ke s
a e d opou a P ima y s age, whe eas 32.60% a e
d opou a Middle school s age, 25.80% a e d opou a
High School s age and he emaining 5.80% a e d opou
a Highe educa ion s age. We in e ha majo i y o he
wo ke s a e d opou a P ima y S age.
7. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 89.80% o he wo ke s
had wo ked ins ead o a ending school whe eas
emaining 10.20% a e no engaged wi h and wo k. We
in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s had wo ked ins ead o
a ending school.
8. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 17.00% o he wo ke s
a e s a wo k a below 10 yea s age, whe eas 49.60%
a e s a a 10-14 yea s age, 25.80% a e s a a 15-18
yea s age and he emaining 7.60% a e s a a abo e 18
yea s age. We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s s a ed
wo k a 10-14 yea s age.
9. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 85.80% o he wo ke s
pe cei ed ha educa ion is e y impo an , whe eas
10.20% wo ke s pe cei ed ha , educa ion is somewha
impo an and he emaining 4.00% a e pe cei ed ha ,
educa ion is no impo an . We in e ha majo i y o he
wo ke s pe cei ed ha educa ion is an impo an ac o .
10. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 38.00% o he wo ke s
a e e y sa is ied wi h hei le el o educa ion whe eas,
31.40% o he wo ke s we e sa is ied wi h a le el o
educa ion. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 21.0% (105) dissa is ied
and 2.80% o he wo ke s a e e y much dissa is ied.
F om he s udy, we can unde s and ha 69.40% (247)
wo ke s a e sa is ied wi h hei le els.
11. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 74.40% o he wo ke s
a e aced ba ie s o accessing educa ion whe eas
emaining 25.60% a e no a e aced ba ie s o accessing
educa ion. We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s a e
aced ba ie s o accessing educa ion.
12. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 4.40% o he wo ke s a e aced
ba ie s o accessing educa ion due o dis ance om
school, whe eas 29.40% a e inancial cons ain s, 2.20%
a e disc imina ion, 0.80% a e lack o esou ces, 42.00%
a e amily esponsibili ies and 21.20% a e o he
p oblems. F om he s udy, we can in e ha he main
ba ie s we e he inancial cons ain s, and he amily
esponsibili ies.
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13. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 30.80% o he wo ke s exp essed
ha , hei amily membe s a e e y suppo i e owa ds
hei educa ion, whe eas 13.20% a e suppo i e, 39.00%
a e less suppo i e, and 17.00% a e no suppo i e. I
was no iced ha hei amily membe s a e less
suppo i e owa ds he educa ion o wo ke s. The
easons a e mainly he inancial cons ain s and he
amily esponsibili ies.
14. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 40.60% o he wo ke s
exp essed ha , hey know abou he educa ional
p og ammes conduc ed by hei communi y whe eas
59.40% a e exp essed ha , hey did no know he
educa ional p og ammes conduc ed by hei communi y.
Majo i y o he wo ke s did no no ice any o he
educa ional p og ammes conduc ed by hei communi y
due o lack o li e acy and awa eness.
15. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 22.80% o he wo ke s exp essed
ha , e y posi i e impac o educa ion on imp o ing he
quali y o li e, whe eas 59.40% wo ke s had a oice on
he posi i e impac o educa ion on imp o ing he
quali y o li e, 5.80% a e neu al and 12.00% a e
nega i e impac o educa ion on imp o ing he quali y o
li e. Majo i y o he wo ke s had ha e posi i e iew in
hei pe cep ions on he impac o educa ion in
imp o ing hei quali y li e.
16. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 61.40% o he wo ke s exp essed
ha , hey hough schola ships should be made a ailable
o b ick kiln wo ke s like hemsel es, whe eas 11.20%
Adul educa ion p og ams should be made a ailable o
b ick kiln wo ke s, 17.20% a e Voca ional aining
should be made a ailable o b ick kiln wo ke s and
10.20% a e o he oppo uni ies should be made a ailable
o b ick kiln wo ke s. We in e ha majo i y o he
wo ke s exp essed ha , schola ships should be made
a ailable o b ick kiln wo ke s.
17. Ou o 500 wo ke s, 7.60% o he wo ke s exp essed
ha , o e all educa ional In as uc u e and acili ies
a ailable o b ick kiln Wo ke s in wo k place was
excellen , whe eas 16.80% e ealed ha educa ional
In as uc u e and acili ies a ailable o b ick kiln
Wo ke s in hei a ea was good, 22.60% exp essed hei
iew ha he educa ional In as uc u e and acili ies
a ailable o b ick kiln Wo ke s in hei wo k a ea was
a e age, 39.40% a e o e all educa ional In as uc u e
and acili ies a ailable o b ick kiln Wo ke s in hei a ea
was poo and 13.60% a e o e all educa ional
In as uc u e and acili ies a ailable o b ick kiln
Wo ke s in hei a ea was e y poo . We in e ha , mo e
han i y pe cen o he wo ke s e ealed ha , o e all
educa ional In as uc u e and acili ies a ailable o b ick
kiln Wo ke s in he wo k a ea was poo . Hence i is
sugges ed ha , he educa ion acili ies a e o be p o ided
a he wo kplace o he enhancemen o hei skills and
educa ion.
18. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 25.40% o he wo ke s
a e exp essed ha , he owne o B ick ield p o ides
educa ion allowance o he child en o he wo ke s
whe eas 74.60% o wo ke s exp essed ha , he owne o
B ick ield no p o ides educa ion allowance o he
child en o he wo ke s. The owne o B ick ield no
p o ides educa ion allowance o he child en o he
wo ke s. The wo ke s a e no sa is ied wi h he p o ision
o educa ional allowances o hei child en by he
managemen . Hence i is sugges ed ha manage s o he
owne s o he b ick ield should ex end he educa ional
acili y o he child en o he wo ke s.
19. Ou o 500 b ick kiln wo ke s, 60.20% o he wo ke s
a e exp essed ha , he S a e Go e nmen has ins uc ed
he owne o he b ick ield o p o ide Educa ion o he
child en o wo ke s whe eas 39.80% o wo ke s
exp essed ha , he S a e Go e nmen has no ins uc ed
he owne o he b ick ield o p o ide Educa ion o he
child en o wo ke s. F om he s udy i was ound ha he
go e nmen ins uc ed he owne s o he b ick ield o
he p o ision o educa ion acili ies o he child en o he
wo ke s.
Conclusion
Educa ional s a us o wo ke s, majo i y o he wo ke s a e
No o mal educa ion, majo i y o he wo ke s a e no
en olled in any educa ional Ins i u ions due o amily
esponsibili ies. Financial cons ain s we e he dominan
ac o among wo ke s. Majo inding was no iced ha ,
majo i y o he wo ke s a e d op ou o school. majo i y o
he wo ke s a e d op ou o school, mainly o p ima y s a es.
Majo i y o he wo ke s had wo ked ins ead o a ending
school and s a ed wo k a 10-14 yea s age. The wo ke s
pe cei ed ha educa ion is an impo an ac o . I was ound
ha , 69.40% wo ke s a e sa is ied wi h hei educa ion
le els. I was also no iced ha , majo i y o he wo ke s a e
aced ba ie s o accessing educa ion, mainly we e he
inancial cons ain s, and he amily esponsibili ies. hei
amily membe s we e less suppo i e. Rega ding he
educa ional p og ammes, majo i y o he wo ke s did no
no ice any o he educa ional p og ammes conduc ed by
hei communi y due o lack o li e acy and awa eness.
Majo i y o he wo ke s also no iced ha he educa ion was
an impo an ac o o he imp o emen o hei quali y o
li e. We in e ha majo i y o he wo ke s exp essed ha ,
schola ships should be made a ailable o b ick kiln wo ke s.
Mo e han i y pe cen o he wo ke s e ealed ha , o e all
educa ional In as uc u e and acili ies a ailable o b ick
kiln wo ke s in he wo k a ea was poo . Hence i is
sugges ed ha , he educa ion acili ies a e o be p o ided a
he wo kplace o he enhancemen o hei skills and
educa ion and also made a ailable schola ships. I was also
ound ha , he owne o B ick ield no p o ides educa ion
allowance o he child en o he wo ke s. The wo ke s a e
no sa is ied wi h he p o ision o educa ional allowances o
hei child en by he managemen . Hence i is sugges ed ha
manage s o he owne s o he b ick ield should ex end he
educa ional acili y o he child en o he wo ke s. F om he
s udy i was ound ha he go e nmen should ins uc he
owne s o he b ick ield o he p o ision o educa ional
acili ies o he child en o he wo ke s o he enhancemen
o hei quali y o li e.
Acknowledgemen
The au ho acknowledges he inancial suppo ecei ed
om he Indian Council o Social Science Resea ch
(ICSSR) o ca ying ou his esea ch wo k (File No-
02/40/2022-23/ICSSR/RP/MJ/OBC).
In e na ional Jou nal o T ends in Eme ging Resea ch and De elopmen h ps:// esea ch endsjou nal.com
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