Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
A Mul idisciplina y In e na ional Le el Re e ed and Double Blind Pee Re iewed, Open Access
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(V)| Sep embe 2025
54
Socio-Economic Jus ice: 75 Yea s o he Indian Cons i u ion
D . Yashwan Dhanappa Ha ale
Assis an P o esso Head, Depa men o Economics,
S. M. D . Bapuji Salunkhe College, Mi aj
Email: yashwan ha [email protected]
Manusc ip ID:
JRD -2025-170913
ISSN: 2230-9578
Volume 17
Issue 9 (V)
Pp. 54-56
Sep . 2025
Submi ed:15 Aug. 2025
Re ised: 25 Aug. 2025
Accep ed: 10 Sep . 2025
Published: 30 Sep . 2025
Abs ac The Indian Cons i u ion is conside ed as he wo ld la ge w i en documen . I was bo n ou o
he challenges o colonial domina ion and a igo ous s uggle o eedom. D . B. R. Ambedka was a
isiona y leade , who was a chai man o he d a ing commi ee o he cons i u ion. The d a ing
commi ee aimed o p oduce a documen ha encapsula ed he ich cul u al, linguis ic, and eligious
di e si y o India. On 26 No embe 1949, he cons i u ion was adop ed, ma king a signi ican momen in
he Indian his o y. This da e is celeb a ed annually as ‘Cons i u ion Day,’ highligh ing he impo ance o
his miles one in a i ming India as a so e eign na ion. The Cons i u ion o icially came in o e ec on 26
Janua y 1950, a da e now commemo a ed as ‘Republic Day,’ symbolising he ansi ion om he B i ish
ule o sel -go e nmen . The Cons i u ion p o ides jus ice, libe y, and equali y o he coun ymen. This
pape examines he heme o socio-economic jus ice wi hin he Indian Cons i u ion. As we a e celeb a ing
75 h anni e sa y o his ounda ional documen , i is c ucial o e lec on he ex ao dina y jou ney. The
aim o he pape is o b ing an o e iew o his documen in he con ex o socio-economic jus ice. I is
essen ial o e lec on he ema kable jou ney o his ounda ional documen and he na ion has shaped by
i .
Keywo ds: Libe y, Equali y, F a e ni y, Jus ice and Cons i u ion
In oduc ion:
The making o he Indian cons i u ion was a ans o ma i e p ocess ha un olded
h ough a se ies o signi ican e en s, each con ibu ing o he es ablishmen o a obus
democ a ic amewo k o he newly independen na ion. The jou ney began wi h he
go e nmen o India Ac 1935, which in oduced a ede al s uc u e and laid he g oundwo k o
cons i u ional go e nance in India, p o iding a bluep in ha would in luence discussion on he
Cons i u ion. A e ecei ing independence om he B i ish adminis a ion on 15 Augus 1947,
d a ing commi ee o med o p oduce he legal documen unde he chai manship o D . B. R.
Ambedka .
The Indian Cons i u ion was adop ed in 1949 and came in o e ec in 1950. I is no jus
a legal documen bu a ans o ma i e social monumen , en isioned o econs uc a his o ical
socie y ha had es ablished on he Va nash am sys em in o he pa liamen a y democ acy. I is
known as a unique in he wo ld as con en s and spi i . I laid he ounda ion o so e eign,
socialis s, secula and democ a ic epublic. Among i s co e ideals is he pu sui o economic
jus ice – a p inciple ensh ined in he P eamble and elabo a ed h ough a ious p inciples o s a e
policy. The Cons i u ion concep ualizes socio-economic jus ice as a ounda ional mechanism o
add essing and disman ling deeply oo ed inequali ies in s a us and oppo uni y.
The Objec i e o he pape :
To unde s and he Indian cons i u ional and i s p o isions, judicial in e p e a ions,
legisla i e e o s and pe sis en challenges o e 75 yea s.
To s udy he cons i u ional ision o an equi able socie y and assesses India’s s ides
owa ds minimizing economic dispa i ies.
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This is an open access jou nal, and a icles a e dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion-NonComme cial-Sha eAlike 4.0 In e na ional Public License, which allows o he s o emix,
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Add ess o co espondence:
D . Yashwan Dhanappa Ha ale, Assis an P o esso Head, Depa men o Economics, S. M. D . Bapuji
Salunkhe College, Mi aj
How o ci e his a icle:
Yashwan Dhanappa Ha ale (2025). Socio-Economic Jus ice: 75 Yea s o he Indian
Cons i u ion. Jou nal o Resea ch & De elopmen , 17(9), 54-56
O iginal A icle
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
A Mul idisciplina y In e na ional Le el Re e ed and Double Blind Pee Re iewed, Open Access
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(V)| Sep embe 2025
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Resea ch Me hodology:
The esea che used quali a i e me hods by using he seconda y da a, including ex s and jou nals The
Cons i u ion o India is comp ised o 395 a icles and 8 appendices. I s p ima y objec i e is o ensu e social, economic
and poli ical jus ice o all ci izens. Each o hese h ee aspec s o jus ice is c ucial o he de elopmen o India. The
idea o socio-economic jus ice in he Indian Cons i u ion is mos ly ound in he Di ec i e P inciples and in he
Fundamen al Righ s. A icle 14 Equali y be o e law: he s a e shall no deny o any pe son equali y be o e he law o
he equal p o ec ion o he laws wi hin he e i o y o India. A icle 15. P ohibi ion o disc imina ion on g ounds o
eligion, ace, cas e, sex o place o bi h. 1) The s a e shall no disc imina e agains any ci izen on g ounds only o
eligion, ace, cas e, sex, and place o bi h o any o hem. 2) No ci izen shall, no g ounds only o eligion, ace, cas e,
sex, places o bi h o any o hem, be subjec o any disabili y, liabili y, es ic ion o condi ion wi h ega d o – (a)
access o shops, public es au an s, ho els and places o public en e ainmen ; o (b) he use o wells anks, ba hing
gha s, oads and places o public eso main ained wholly o pa ly ou o S a e unds o dedica ed o he use o he
gene al public.
A icle 16. Equali y o oppo uni y in ma e s o public employmen - (1) he e shall be equali y o oppo uni y
o all ci izens in ma e s ela ing o employmen o appoin men o any o ice unde he S a e. A icle 17. Aboli ion o
Un ouchabili y – un ochabili y is abolished and is p ac ice in any o m is o bidden. The en o cemen o any disabili y
a ising ou o un ouchabii y shall be an o ence punishable in acco dance wi h law. A icle 19. P o ec ion o ce ain
igh s ega ding eedom o speech, e c – (1) All ci izens shall ha e he igh – (a) o eedom o speech and exp ession;
(b) o assemble peaceably and wi hou a ms; (c) o o m associa ion o unions; (d) o mo e eely h oughou he
e i o y o India.
The Di ec i e P inciples o S a e Policy (Pa IV, A icle 36-51 a e he main sou ce o social jus ice. A icle 38
– he S a e mus wo k o educe inequali ies in income, s a us, and oppo uni ies. A icle 39 – Equal pay o equal wo k
p o ec ion o wo ke s ai dis ibu ion o weal h. A icle 41 – Righ o wo k, educa ion, and help du ing
unemploymen , old age, sickness and disablemen . A icle 46 - Di ec i e p inciples p o ide ha he he esponsibili y
o he S a e o p omo e he educa ional and economic condi ions o weake sec ions o socie y, especially he Scheduled
Cas es (SC) and he Scheduled T ibes (ST). I also says ha o p o ec hem om social injus ice and any kinds o
exploi a ion. These di ec i e p inciples show he Cons i u ion’s d eam o an ideal socie y whe e social and economic
jus ice is key alues. Social jus ice means emo ing all kinds o un ai di e ence be ween people ha come om
unequal weal h, limi ed oppo uni ies, social s a us, ace, eligion, cas e, i les o simila ac o s. I ad oca es o a jus
and equi able socie y whe e e e y indi idual is ea ed wi h digni y and a o ded equal oppo uni ies o g ow h and
success, i espec i e o hei backg ound.
Economic jus ice means o he e adica ion o po e y by inc easing na ional weal h and esou ces and
dis ibu ing hem ai ly among all indi iduals who play a ole in hei p oduc ion. In essence, economic jus ice aspi es
o es ablish bo h economic democ acy and a wel a e s a e. The igh o economic jus ice is pa icula ly signi ican o
he SC and ST and o he ma ginalized and weake sec ions o socie y. I is closely associa ed o he Fundamen al
Righ s ensh ined in he Cons i u ion. The ul ima e goal o economic jus ice is o make equali y o s a us. Social jus ice
necessi a es he p esence o economic jus ice; wi hou economic jus ice, he pu sui o poli ical jus ice becomes
ques ionable, akin o he in e ela ion o libe y, equali y, a e ni y and jus ice. Jus ice holds no signi icance wi hou
equali y, which is essen ial o he es ablishmen o bo h social and economic jus ice.
Unde s anding his cons i u ional amewo k and ecognising he deep social and economic inequali ies in
Indian socie y, he Indian pa liamen has made many impo an laws in he las 75 yea s. These include he Dow y
P ohibi ion Ac , he Scheduled Cas e and he Scheduled T ibes (P e en ions o A oci ies) Ac , he Child Labou
(P ohibi ion and Regula ion) Ac and Land and ag a ian e o m law, and he Righ o Child en o F ee and Compulso y
Educa ion Ac , 2009. India is known as one o he as es -g owing economies in he wo ld. I s economy mainly
depends on h ee impo an a eas: se ices, indus y and ag icul u e, and i ha e adop ed a ee ma ke sys em o
p omo e g ow h and de elopmen . Ag icul u e is conside ed he backbone o he Indian Economy as a signi ican
po ion o he popula ion depends on i o hei li elihood. Ag icul u e o con ibu e abou 25 pe cen o na ional
income and p o ides employmen o a ound 65 pe cen o he o al wo k o ce in he coun y. Since implemen a ion o
he Cons i u ion, he launch o Fi s Fi e Yea Plan in 1951, ag icul u al de elopmen has been a cen al ocus o
na ional policy. This ocus in ensi ied wi h he in oduc ion o he New Ag icul u al de elopmen S a egy in 1965-66,
which aimed o achie e ood sel -su iciency h ough mode n a ming echniques and inc eased in es men in he
sec o . The G een Re olu ion ma ked a majo u ning poin , as he use o high-yielding a ie y seeds, chemical
e ilize s, i iga ion and go e nmen suppo such as e ilize subsides and ag icul u al ex ension se ices ha led o
signi ican inc eases in ood g ain p oduc ion. As a esul o hese e o m and inno a ions, India no only achie ed sel -
su iciency in ood p oduc ion bu also made no able p og ess in educing po e y. The p opo ion o he popula ion
li ing below he po e y line (BPL) dec eased om o 21.9%, indica ing a b oade posi i e impac o ag icul u al
g ow h on socio-economic de elopmen . Addi ionally, India’s Human De elopmen Index (HDI which measu es he
quali y o li e (educa ion, income and heal h) has shown consis en imp o emen . In 1990, he HDI alue s ood a
0.439, wi h India anking 93 d ou o 130 coun ies. By 2023, he HDI had inc eased o 0.685, placing Indian in he
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
A Mul idisciplina y In e na ional Le el Re e ed and Double Blind Pee Re iewed, Open Access
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(V)| Sep embe 2025
56
medium human de elopmen ca ego y a 130 h posi ion, indica ing subs an ial p og ess owa d imp o ed li ing
s anda ds and human well-being. I means ha , since he implemen a ion o he Indian Cons i u ion, ag icul u al
de elopmen has expanded in la ge le el – no only wi hin he ag icul u al sec o i sel bu also in i s in luence on he
b oade socio-economic s uc u e o he coun y. Howe e , se e al challenges con inue o hinde p og ess. Issues such
as low ag icul u al p oduc i i y, i egula monsoons and agmen ed landholdings nega i ely a ec a me s’ incomes;
a me s’ suicides a e a agic indica o o su e ing, linked o deb , c op ailu e, in adequa e i iga ion. A he same
ime, weal h inequali y in India is g owing apidly, wi h he ich accumula ing mo e esou ces while la ge sec ions o
he popula ion emain economically ma ginalized. You h unemploymen and unempolyabili y a e also on he ise,
posing a se ious challenge o he coun y’s demog aphic di idend. In he social con ex , cas e-based disc imina ion
emains a pe sis en issue, despi e cons i u ional p o ec ions p o ided unde A icle 15 and 17, which p ohibi
disc imina o y p ac ices and abolish un ouchabili y. The Scheduled Cas es and Scheduled T ibes ha e his o ically
aced and, in many cases, con inue o ace sys ema ically excluded om access o educa ion, employmen
oppo uni ies, and e en basic pa icipa ion in public li e. Simila ly, women con inue o ace inequali y in se e al a eas,
including educa ion, employmen and poli ical ep esen a ion. Al hough he Cons i u ional p omises equal igh s, many
women s ill su e om iolence bo h a home and in public, which p e en s hem om ully pa icipa ing in social and
economic li e.
Conclusion:
The 75 - yea o he Indian Cons i u ion show he na ion’s s ong commi men o jus ice and democ a ic
alues. This anni e sa y is no jus a ime o celeb a e bu also a ime o hink ca e ully and ake ac ion. I is impo an
o ci izens, lawmake s and ci il socie y o wo k oge he o p o ec he alues o he Cons i u ion and educe he
inequali ies ha s ill exis in socie y. The Cons i u ion emains a li ing documen – a con inuing sou ce o guidance and
inspi a ion. Howe e , wi h new challenges such as po e y, unemploymen and social disc imina ion, he e is an u gen
need o Cons i u ional engagemen and e o m o e ec i ely add ess hese issues and o wo k owa ds building an
equi able socie y.
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