Deliverable 5.8 - Intermediary Monitoring Report

In e media y Moni o ing Repo
Deli e able 5.8
Accele a ing and upscaling ans o ma ional adap a ion in
Eu ope: demons a ion o wa e - ela ed inno a ion
packages
This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon H2020 inno a ion ac ion
p og amme unde g an ag eemen 101036683.
Re . A es(2025)5438478 - 07/07/2025
2
Deli e able Numbe and
Name
D5.8 – In e media y Moni o ing Repo
Wo k Package
WP5 – Accele a ing demons a o s’ ans o ma ional adap a ion
Dissemina ion Le el
Public
Au ho (s)
Egaleo: S elios Ka ozis, Dimi is Tzempelikos; Galicia: Amaya So o,
Lucia F aga, And ea Ogando Vidal, Ca los Rod iguez, Jose Gui ian
Be mejo, Sil ia To es, Sil ia Pied acoba, Ignacio Gonzalez
Lappeen an a: Sanna Va is, Liuliu Du-Ikonen, Ma iiag Zhau o a,
Ris o Soukka, Mika Luo anen, Tuomas Sih onen, Sa u-Pia
Reinikainen; O is ano: Manuela Puddu, F ancesca E zi; Wes
Coun y Region: Giles Ricka d, Nicola Roge s, Zoe Smi h.
P ima y Con ac and Email
Jan Cools, jan.cools@uan we pen.be
Hná ko á Te eza, hna ko a[email p o ec ed]u.cz
Da e Due
30 No embe 2023
Da e Submi ed
28 No embe 2023 ( e sion 1)
2 July 2025 ( e sion 2)
File Name
T ans o mA -WP5-D5.8-In e media yMoni o ingRepo - 1-27-11-
2023
S a us
Ve sion 1
Ve sion 2 (a e add essing om commen s o ex e nal e iewe s)
Re iewed by (i applicable)
Jan Cools, Václa H adilek, Te eza Hná ko á, Ma c Bonazoun as,
Lau a En ho en, Amalie Bjo na old
Sugges ed ci a ion
Ka ozis, S, Tzempelikos, D., So o, A., F aga, L., Ogando Vidal, A.,
Rod iguez, C., Gui ian Be mejo, J., To es, S., Pied acoba, S.,
Gonzalez, I., Va is, S., Du-Ikonen, L., Zhau o a, M., Soukka, R.,
Luo anen, M., Sih onen, T., Reinikainen, S-P., Puddu, M., E zi, F.,
Ricka d, G., Roge s, N., Smi h, Z. (2023) In e media y Moni o ing
Repo . T ans o mA Deli e able 5.8, H2020 g an no. 101036683
© T ans o mA Conso ium, 2021
This deli e able con ains o iginal unpublished wo k excep when indica ed o he wise.
Acknowledgemen o p e iously published ma e ial and o he wo k o o he s has been made h ough
app op ia e ci a ion, quo a ion, o bo h. Rep oduc ion is au ho ised i he sou ce is acknowledged.
This documen has been p epa ed in he amewo k o he Eu opean p ojec T ans o mA . This p ojec
has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 inno a ion ac ion p og amme unde
g an ag eemen no. 101036683.
The sole esponsibili y o he con en o his publica ion lies wi h he au ho s. I does no necessa ily
ep esen he opinion o he Eu opean Union. Nei he he EASME no he Eu opean Commission a e
esponsible o any use ha may be made o he in o ma ion con ained he ein.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AP
Ac ion Plan
AWAR
Awa eness- aising modules
BNG
Biodi e si y Ne Gain
CAF/CAE
Ci izen app
CEI
Choice expe imen
CCA
Clima e change adap a ion
CC
Clima e Change
CCISC
Clima e Change Impac s S udy Commi ee
CETMAR
Technological Cen e o he Sea
CIH
Clima e inno a ion hub
CIL
Communi y In as uc u e Le y
COAST
Coas al Con ac
CoM
Co enan o Mayo s o Clima e and Ene gy
COTS
Comme cial o - he-shel
CS
Ci izen scien is s
DEFRA
UK Depa men o En i onmen , Fa ming and Ru al A ai s
DSI
Demand analysis o social se ices and in as uc u es
EEA
Eu opean En i onmen Agency
ELMS
En i onmen al Land Managemen Scheme
ERDF
Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund
ESNACC
Elemen s o a Na ional Adap a ion S a egy o Clima e Change
EU
Eu opean Union
GA
G an Ag eemen
GIS
Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems
GHG
G eenhouse gases
HAB
Ha m ul Algal Bloom
ICW
In eg a ed Cons uc ed We lands
INTERM
In e idal Moni o ing
IoT
In e ne o Things
IPCC
In e go e nmen al Panel on Clima e Change
ISPRA
Ins i u e o En i onmen al P o ec ion and Resea ch
KCS
Key communi y sys em
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KPI
Key pe o mance indica o
LWO
Local We land Obse a o y
MASE
Minis y o he En i onmen and Ene gy Secu i y
MOE
Municipali y o Egaleo
MoEE
G eek Minis y o En i onmen and Ene gy
MRM
Mussel Ra Moni o ing
MRV
Moni o ing, Repo ing and Ve i ica ion
NAP
Na ional adap a ion plan
NAS
Na ional Adap a ion S a egy
NBS
Na u e-based Solu ion
NCM
Na u al Capi al Ma ke place
NCCAC
Na ional Clima e Change Adap a ion Commi ee
NCSRD
Na ional Cen e Fo Scien i ic Resea ch Demok i os
NN
Nu ien Neu ali y
OECC
Spanish Clima e Change O ice
PNACC
Spanish Na ional Adap a ion Plan o Clima e Change
RAAP
Regional Adap a ion Ac ion Plans
RASCC
Regional Adap a ion S a egy o Clima e Change
RI
Resilience Index
SAC
Special A ea o Conse a ion
SCS
Sma Clima e S a ions
STH
S akeholde s
SuDS
Sus ainable D ainage Sys em
SWM
S o m wa e modula sys em
SWMM
S o m wa e moni o ing
TRL
Technology Readiness Le el
URB
U ban un-o sys em
UVIGO
Uni e si y o Vigo
WRT
Wes coun y Ri e s T us
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................. 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................. 7
1.0 MUNICIPALITY OF EGALEO – ECOSYSTEM OF SOLUTIONS ................ 9
1.1.CONTEXT .......................................................................................... 9
In og aphic ...................................................................................... 9
Geog aphical desc ip ion .................................................................. 10
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges ...................................... 10
Sec o s (KCS) impac ed ................................................................... 11
Legisla i e backg ound .................................................................... 11
Adap a ion go e nance a he na ional le el ........................................................................................ 11
Rele an na ional G eek policies ........................................................................................................... 12
Adap a ion go e nance a he egional le el ........................................................................................ 12
Adap a ion go e nance a he local le el ............................................................................................. 12
1.2. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS IN TRANSFORMAR ................................. 13
Desc ip ion o he solu ions .............................................................. 13
Desc ip ion he expec ed inno a ion .................................................. 15
1.3. EXPECTED IMPACTS ........................................................................ 16
O e iew o he expec ed impac s ..................................................... 16
Dominan Indica o s ........................................................................ 17
Baseline da a ................................................................................. 17
App oach o moni o impac s ............................................................ 17
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a ............................................ 17
1.4. WORK IN THE UPCOMING MONTHS .................................................... 18
1.5. ANNEX – KPI USED BY MOE PER SOLUTION ........................................ 19
2.0. GALICIA – MRM/IR/INTERM ........................................................ 1
2.1. CONTEXT ...................................................................................... 2
In og aphic ...................................................................................... 2
Backg ound & objec i es .................................................................... 3
Objec i es ....................................................................................... 3
Geog aphical desc ip ion .................................................................... 4
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges ....................................... 5
Legisla i e backg ound ................................................................ 7
Adap a ion Go e nance a he Na ional Le el ...................................................................................... 7
Rele an Na ional Spanish Policies ........................................................................................................ 7
Adap a ion Go e nance a he Regional Le el ...................................................................................... 7
Adap a ion Go e nance a he Local Le el............................................................................................ 8
Measu ing Risks and Vulne abili ies o Clima e Change ...................................................................... 8
Moni o ing implemen a ion .................................................................................................................. 8

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Building capaci y and dissemina ing knowledge .................................................................................. 8
2.2. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS IN TRANSFORMAR ................................ 9
Resilience Index (RI) ......................................................................... 9
In e idal Moni o ing – INTERM ......................................................... 11
Mussel Ra Moni o ing - MRM ........................................................... 13
Expec ed Inno a ions ...................................................................... 15
RESILIENCE INDEX (RI) ......................................................................................................................... 15
INTERTIDAL MONITORING - INTERM.................................................................................................. 16
MUSSEL RAFT MONITORING - MRM ................................................................................................... 17
2.3. EXPECTED IMPACTS ...................................................................... 18
O e iew o he expec ed impac s ..................................................... 18
P ojec impac indica o s, app oach o moni o ing ................................ 18
Baseline da a ................................................................................. 25
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a ............................................ 26
2.4. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 27
2.5. REFERENCES ............................................................................... 28
3.0. LAPPEENRANTA – DEVELOPING STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING ............................................................................ 30
3.1. CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 31
In og aphic .................................................................................... 31
Objec i es ..................................................................................... 31
Geog aphical desc ip ion .................................................................. 32
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges ...................................... 33
S a e-o - he-a on adap a ion in he demons a o .............................. 35
3.2. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS IN TRANSFORMAR .............................. 38
URB (NBS) .................................................................................... 38
SWMM (digi al solu ion) ................................................................... 40
CAF (Ci izen app) ........................................................................... 42
CEI (Choice expe imen ) .................................................................. 43
Desc ip ion o he expec ed inno a ions.............................................. 44
3.3.EXPECTED IMPACTS ......................................................................... 45
O e iew o he expec ed impac s ..................................................... 45
Selec ed indica o s .......................................................................... 45
Baseline da a ................................................................................. 49
App oach o moni o impac s ............................................................ 51
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a ............................................ 53
Upscaling and accele a ion o he solu ions ......................................... 53
3.4. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 54
4.0. ORISTANO – COAST AND SMART GATE ......................................... 55
4.1. CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 57
In og aphic .................................................................................... 57
Objec i es ..................................................................................... 57
Geog aphical desc ip ion .................................................................. 58
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Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges ...................................... 61
S a e-o - he-a on adap a ion in he demons a o .............................. 63
4.2. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS IN TRANSFORMAR ................................. 66
The Coas al Con ac ....................................................................... 66
The Sma Ga e and Na u e-Based Solu ion ........................................ 67
Desc ip ion he expec ed inno a ion .................................................. 76
4.3. EXPECTED IMPACTS ...................................................................... 76
O e iew o he expec ed impac s and ela ed indica o s ....................... 76
App oach o moni o impac s ............................................................ 87
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a ............................................ 88
4.4. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 88
4.5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................ 89
5.0 WESTCOUNTRY REGION: IMPROVING THE AGRICULTURAL-RIPARIAN
INTERFACE IN NUTRIENT SENSITIVE CATCHMENTS IN SOUTH WEST
ENGLAND .................................................................................. 91
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................ 91
5.1. CONTEXT .................................................................................... 92
In og aphic .................................................................................... 92
Objec i es ..................................................................................... 92
Geog aphy o he Wes coun y .......................................................... 93
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges ...................................... 94
Adap a ion wi hin he demons a o ................................................... 98
5.2. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS IN TRANSFORMAR .............................. 99
O e iew o he solu ions ................................................................. 99
Desc ip ion o he expec ed inno a ion ..............................................102
5.3. EXPECTED IMPACTS .....................................................................109
O e iew o he expec ed impac s ....................................................109
Selec ed indica o s .........................................................................113
Baseline da a ................................................................................115
App oach o moni o impac s ...........................................................117
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a ...........................................117
5.4. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................118
5.5. REFERENCES ..............................................................................118
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The main goal o his epo (D5.8. In e media y Moni o ing Repo ) is o p o ide a comp ehensi e
o e iew o he solu ions implemen ed in T ans o mA demons a o s, and in pa icula highligh ing
he app oaches o assess hei e ec i eness on egion-speci ic clima e change impac s based on da a
and me ics p oposed.
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Each sec ion o he epo is dedica ed o a speci ic demons a o , p o iding de ails on i s con ex ,
inno a i e solu ions implemen ed, and expec ed impac s. To assess and quan i y hese o eseen
impac s by he end o he T ans o mA p ojec , he espec i e demons a o s ha e iden i ied ele an
indica o s. In addi ion, he epo includes in o ma ion on exis ing baseline da a and he app oach
ha will be aken o moni o ing impac un il he end o he p ojec and beyond.
This wo k p esen ed in D5.8. consis s o moni o ing ad ances in WP4: ‘Ac ionable adap i e solu ions
implemen a ion’ o each ca ego y o solu ions, and na u e-based and echnological and digi al
solu ions in pa icula . The aim o his moni o ing p ocess is o ack he en i onmen al impac o
es ed solu ions, and o ecognise o e all e ec i eness o he applica ion o ans o ma ional
adap a ion in he speci ic con ex o each demons a o .
In his epo , we p esen he p og ess o he Municipali y o Egaleo (G eece), Galicia (Spain),
Lappeen an a (Finland), O is ano (I aly) and he Wes coun y Region (UK). Requi ed da a om
demons a ion locali ies a e p o ided by each demons a o and ga he ed o de ailed analysis. The
analyses a e ocused on pa ame e s moni o ed and on signi ican pa ame e s chosen based on
li e a u e and p e ious exis ing da a. A inal moni o ing epo will be deli e ed a he end o he
p ojec a M48.
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1.0 Municipali y o Egaleo – Ecosys em o
solu ions
Execu i e summa y
The Municipali y o Egaleo (MOE) will ins all sma clima e s a ions (SCS) a key municipal buildings o
acqui e a iew o he mic oclima ic condi ions. A ci izen’s app (CAE) will allow inhabi an s o
pa icipa e in he deba e a ound Clima e Change (CC), he changes o he mic oclima e and po en ial
solu ions. Awa eness- aising modules (AWAR) will be designed, especially o young people and school
pupils o p omo e clima e awa eness. In addi ion, a clima e inno a ion hub (CIH) will be ins alled o
p omo e g een and clima e iendly en ep eneu ship. A demand analysis o social se ices and
in as uc u es (DSI) will be conduc ed. The ecosys em is depic ed in Figu e 1.
1.1.Con ex
In og aphic
Figu e 1: Ecosys em o MOE’s solu ion in T ans o mA p ojec
DATA
ANALYSIS
ACT
SCS
CAE
DSI
CAE
AWAR
CIH
MOE
suppo ed
by NCRSD
SCS - Sma Clima e S a ions | CAE - Ci izen App | AWAR - Awa eness- aising | CIH - Clima e Inno a ion Hub
DSI - Social se ices/in as uc u es
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Figu e 1) ) can be ollowed wi h di e en componen and unde he same scope.
1.3. Expec ed impac s
O e iew o he expec ed impac s
The expec ed impac s pe solu ion can be ound in Table 3. The impac s a e ei he di ec , hus, hey
de i ing di ec ly om he solu ion, o indi ec , hus, hey suppo he impac s o o he solu ions o
long- e m ac ions beyond T ans o mA li e ime and scope.
Table 3: Desc ip ion o expec ed impac s pe solu ion
Solu io
n
Expec ed impac
SCS
(a) The da a will p o ide a de ailed da ase o wea he and en i onmen al
condi ions a MOE ha will be isualized in Ci izen Applica ion Engagemen
(CAE) solu ion and dissemina e pa o he esul o he ci izens o MOE owa ds
clima e awa eness in a la ge (municipali y) le el.
(b) The da a will be used by he NCSRD ( echnical pa ne o MOE) o suppo he
clima e and en i onmen al esea ch o he o ganiza ion and p o ide back o
MOE a localized and high- esolu ion wea he o ecas o 120 hou s o he a ea
o MOE. The o ecas da a will be used di ec ly as an ala m sys em o in o m he
ele an Municipali y Depa men s (Ci il P o ec ion, Municipal Police) and o he
Fi s -Responde s when abno mal empe a u e le els o p ecipi a ion le els a e
no ed, helping o p e en casual ies and loss o musicali y social se ices.
(c) Beyond he MOE T ans o mA solu ion, he SCS da a collec ion will be used o
moni o he e ec i eness o di e en ac ions and measu es implemen ed in
MOE by compa ison he measu emen and ele an indica o s be o e and a e
he implemen a ion, hus, helping in quan i y policy sugges ion and making.
DSI
Fo ecas ing he changes o demand o social se ices due o clima e change, will enable
he MOE o plan how he supply o social se ices will be main ain by mee ing he
demand and adap on he new clima e condi ions and ex eme e en s, such as mo e
in ense and equen hea wa es.
CAE
As CAE p o ides a wo-way channel o communica ion be ween MOE and ci izens, i is
expec ed o impac no only he ci izen unde s anding o clima e change, bu also o
p o ide a way o MOE o moni o ing he impac o o he T ans o mA solu ion ei he
di ec ly (ques ionnai es wi h di ec e e ence o speci ic solu ions) o indi ec ly (o e all
quan i ica ion o clima e awa eness).
AWAR
AWAR is expec ed o impac ed he clima e change unde s anding o young people and
y o clea misconcep ions o wha is clima e change, wha a e he impac s, how i can
be ackled e c. As such, i is aspi ed o c ea e a mo e clima e awa ed gene a ion ha
pu sui o mi iga ion and adap a ion h ough he municipali y scale and/o social
ans o ma ion.

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CIH
CIH consis o (i) a s a ic clima e exhibi ion ha is expec ed p esen he clima e ac ions
o MOE o he public; (ii) a dynamic pa o li es eaming and isualiza ion o he
di e en ypes o da a ha a e ga he ed and p ocessed a MOE and bo h i is expec ed
o impac people isi ing he exhibi ion by aising he clima e awa eness. In addi ion, he
a ailabili y o he da ase o SMEs, g oups and eams ia e en s (e.g. da a hons) is
expec ed o p omo e inno a ion and solu ions o clima e ela ed p oblems ha MOE
has o will ha e in he u u e.
Dominan Indica o s
Fo quan i y he expec ed impac s o he T ans o mA solu ions in MOE, a se ies o Key Pe o mance
indica o s (KPI) we e selec ed and can be ound in 1.5. ANNEX – KPI used by MOE pe solu ion.
The da a o assess he KPIs will be based on in o ma ion ga he ed ia he da a sou ce solu ion (SCS,
CAE, DSI) and da a a ailable o MOE ia open da abases na ional o in e na ional. As i was men ioned,
he main scope o MOE solu ions in o aise awa eness o ci izens and in o med how o eac in a a e
clima e d i en e en, hus, enhance beha io al change. Indica o s ha will measu e he di ec impac s
o he solu ions a e:
• he analysis o ques ionnai es om CAE,
• he i ual isi o s o CAE,
• he isi o s o CIH exhibi ion,
• he numbe o pa icipan s in a ious e en s o AWAR and CIH
A he same ime, he da a collec ed can suppo he policy ac ions o MOE by e idence-in o med
decisions a he local le el. As such, he impac KPIs can indi ec ly be assessed in long- e m and hey
a e mainly based on how he s a us o li ing and heal h and social indica o s a e changing.
Baseline da a
The da a o assess he di ec impac s o MOE’s solu ions a e coming om collec ions o da a o
measu es people ha a ended e en s o he pos -p ocessing o he ques ionnai es. In o de o see
he e ec i eness, a i s ba ch o ques ionnai es ha e been al eady collec ed (ea ly 2022) ha will
wo k as he baseline o clima e unde s anding o ci izens o MOE. In addi ion, ques ionnai es be o e
e en s and a e will be used, o assess he immedia e quali y o di e en ac ions and in a e age he
change o clima e awa eness o MOE ci izens.
App oach o moni o impac s
Fo he di ec in o ma ion and impac s o he solu ions, he moni o ing will be h ough he CAE and
au oma ic calcula ion o indica o s ha can be ound in 1.5. ANNEX – KPI used by MOE pe
solu ion
A ailabili y and access o moni o ed da a
All he da a will be s o ed in a se e a MOE p emises. NCSRD will be ga he ing a copy o all da a o
pe o m analysis, pos -p ocessing and isualisa ion. The NCSRD ou comes will be o wa ded o MOE
se e , o s o ing and hey will be also s o ed a NCSRD p emises alongside he o iginal da a. MOE
and NCSRD se e will be a copy o each o he , hus, secu ing he a ailabili y and obus ness o MOE
da ase . All da a o pa o da ase will be a ailable ia e en s and upon submission o in e es o
speci ic scope and pu pose.
Speci ically o he indica o s da a o T ans o mA solu ions, hey will a ailable ia CIH and CAE, and
po en ially o o he ou comes o T ans o mA p ojec (e.g. TADA -
h ps://mssg.ip a.demok i os.g / ans o ma _ ools_ epo/ )
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1.4. Wo k in he upcoming mon hs
In he upcoming mo hs he MOE will use he moni o ing da a, conduc simula ions, on he s a us o
he en i onmen , design scena ios o Clima e Change con ibu ion, assess impac s and p o ide
mi iga ion measu es , oge he wi h a policy plan o 2030
1.5. ANNEX – KPI used by MOE pe solu ion
To e alua e he e ec i eness and ou each o he clima e adap a ion solu ions implemen ed in he Municipali y o Egaleo, a dedica ed se o Key Pe o mance
Indica o s (KPIs) was de eloped. These indica o s we e selec ed o e lec bo h he immedia e ou pu s and long- e m impac s o each solu ion unde he
T ans o mA amewo k.
The KPIs a e di ec ly connec ed o he da a ga he ed om sma clima e s a ions (SCS), ci izen engagemen ia he app (CAE), social demand analysis (DSI),
awa eness- aising modules (AWAR), and he clima e inno a ion hub (CIH). They allow he municipali y and i s pa ne s o moni o echnical pe o mance,
beha io change, communi y pa icipa ion, and alignmen wi h policy planning needs.
Each KPI has been designed o:
• Re lec he speci ic con ex and ulne abili ies o Egaleo,
• Cap u e c oss-cu ing impac s (heal h, in as uc u e, en i onmen , economy),
• Enable acking o solu ion scalabili y and eplicabili y,
• Suppo da a-in o med decision-making p ocesses.
These KPIs a e g ouped by solu ion ype and include bo h quan i a i e me ics (e.g. eal- ime da a accu acy, pa icipa ion a es) and quali a i e ou comes
(e.g. inc eased clima e li e acy, policy in eg a ion). Baseline da a collec ed since 2022 p o ides a e e ence poin o measu ing p og ess h oughou and
beyond he T ans o mA p ojec imeline.
Mo eo e , he KPI sys em con ibu es inpu da a o he T ans o mA A oided Damages Applica ion, allowing es ima ion o long- e m socio-economic bene i s
de i ed om implemen ed adap a ion measu es. Selec ed indica o s a e also expec ed o eed in o WP6 me hodologies o cos -bene i assessmen and
decision-suppo models, ensu ing cohe ence ac oss e alua ion, planning, and upscaling.
The indica o s should se e bo h o ma i e and summa i e pu poses — suppo ing adap i e managemen du ing implemen a ion and enabling ex pos
assessmen o p ojec ou comes.
The KPI sys em includes:
• Me ics cap u ing ci izen engagemen and beha io al change (e.g. app usage equency, engagemen a es in pa icipa o y e en s),
• En i onmen al pe o mance indica o s (e.g. u ban hea mi iga ion, ai quali y om sma clima e s a ions),
• Ins i u ional ou comes (e.g. in eg a ion o da a in o municipal planning ia CIH), and
20
• Syne gy indica o s (e.g. co-bene i s ac oss g een in as uc u e and communi y inno a ion).
Each indica o is g ounded in a obus da a collec ion p o ocol wi h sou ce iden i ica ion (SCS, CAE, DSI), equency o measu emen , and a ge alues whe e
applicable. Addi ional a en ion was gi en o iangula ion o da a (e.g. c oss- e i ica ion be ween app analy ics and on- he-g ound su eys), in line wi h
WP5's mul i-sou ce e alua ion me hodology.
Solu ion
Expec ed impac
Key Pe o mance Indica o s
(KPIs)
Sou ce/Measu emen
App oach
Sma Clima e
S a ions (SCS)
The use o he SCS ne wo k will inc ease he
knowledge and quan i y he local clima ic
condi ions. Da a will be used o planning
adap a ion solu ions.
Numbe o SCS ins alled in key
municipal loca ions
S a ion deploymen
acking
Inc ease clima e change awa eness bo h o
policy make s and ci izens.
Real- ime mic oclima e da a
accu acy
Da a compa ison wi h
baseline clima e
models
Inc ease adap i e capabili y o MOE
Pe cen age o da a in eg a ed in o
municipal decision-making
Ci izen App
(CAE)
Inc ease ci izen engagemen and awa eness
Numbe o egis e ed use s and
ac i e pa icipan s
App analy ics acking
Inc ease ci izen engagemen and awa eness
Public engagemen h ough app
eedback and su eys
Awa eness-
Raising Modules
(AWAR)
Inc easing s uden s' awa eness is expec ed
o ha e a d ama ic posi i e e ec in he long
e m, leading o an inc ease in p oac i e
ci izens ocused on clima e adap a ion.
Numbe o s uden s ained
h ough awa eness sessions
A endance eco ds
Inc easing s uden s' awa eness is expec ed
o ha e a d ama ic posi i e e ec in he long
e m, leading o an inc ease in p oac i e
ci izens ocused on clima e adap a ion.
Inc ease in clima e li e acy among
s uden s (measu ed ia p e/pos
su eys)
Su ey-based impac
assessmen
21
Inc ease he hands-on expe ience o
s uden s o unde s and and analyse clima ic
da a, as well as inc ease hei
unde s anding o he need o ac ionable
solu ions.
Numbe o wo kshops conduc ed
Clima e
Inno a ion Hub
(CIH)
Inc ease he collabo a ion wi h o he EU
p ojec s and ini ia i es ha ake place in he
same demons a ion a ea.
Numbe o clima e- ela ed p ojec s
ini ia ed
E en pa icipa ion
acking
Inc ease clima e change and adap a ion
awa eness.
Public a endance in inno a ion
e en s (e.g., da a hons,
hacka hons)
Demand Analysis
o Social
Se ices (DSI)
Unde s and he e ec o clima e change on
Social Se ices and hei needs o
adap a ion.
Numbe o social se ices
e alua ed o clima e esilience
Social se ices da a
analysis
Sho and long- e m planning o adap ing
Social Se ices o he clima e change.
Fo ecas accu acy o demand
changes due o clima e impac s
Municipali y ac ion plan
in eg a ion
E alua e he e ec i eness o T ans o mA as
a p ojec o iden i y and p omo e ac ionable
solu ions o clima e-p oo ing Social
Se ices.
Pe cen age o ecommenda ions
adop ed by local policymake s
KPI able no e : Each KPI in he upda ed able is linked o speci ic T ans o mA solu ions (SCS, CAE, DSI, AWAR, CIH) and desc ibes measu able ou pu s ele an
o bo h sho - e m awa eness impac s and long- e m policy ele ance. Indica o s ha e been aligned wi h da a lows and moni o ing imelines, including
ci izen pa icipa ion a es, beha io al su ey esul s, and en i onmen al measu emen s o local policy design. These KPIs we e selec ed o ensu e eplicabili y
and scalabili y ac oss o he Medi e anean u ban a eas.

2.0. Galicia – MRM/IR/INTERM
Execu i e summa y
The cu en epo ou lines he con ex and he ongoing solu ions wi hin one o he 6 demons a o s
o he T ans o mA p ojec , he Galician demons a o . Addi ionally, i add esses he expec ed impac ,
impac indica o s, and hei moni o ing p ocedu es.
The Galician demons a o ocuses on adap ing shell ish aquacul u e and ha es ing o he
challenges posed by clima e change. The ac i i y has been selec ed due o i s signi ican ole in he
egional economy and i s suscep ibili y o clima e change, as ou lined in he Galician Clima e Change
S a egy 2050 and in he In eg a ed Regional Plan o Ene gy and Clima e (2019-2023).
Mussel aquacul u e, accoun ing o app oxima ely 40% o he Eu opean aquacul u e p oduc ion, is a
i al sec o employing nea ly 4,000 indi iduals in he egion. Simila ly, clam cul u e a ms and shell ish
ha es ing along coas al land concessions and in e idal sandbanks, di ec ly employ a ound 4,300
people, wi h app oxima ely 90% being sel -employed women.
Key clima e- ela ed h ea s a ec ing shell ish aquacul u e include he po en ial in ensi ica ion o
ex eme wea he e en s, unp edic able luc ua ions in mussel seed a ailabili y, and he expec ed
inc ease in ha m ul algal blooms and acidi ica ion. Also, changes in coas al oceanog aphic and
hyd ological ac o s will al e he sedimen a y composi ion o shell ish banks, impac ing shell ish
p oduc i i y and mo ali y. In ex eme cases, his could esul in he loss o hese habi a s.
Wi hin T ans o mA , h ee solu ions a e es ed o comp ehensi ely g asp he na u e o hese changes
and bols e adap a ion o clima e change:
● Resilience Index (RI) o he Galician mussel aquacul u e. De eloped by UVIGO-REDE, p o ides
insigh in o ope a ional isks scena ios caused by he e ec s o clima e change and iden i ies he
esilience ac o s a ailable o adap a ion. This index is buil h ough he ga he ing o con ex
in o ma ion and consul a ion wi h expe s and s akeholde s on he one hand, and modelling o
da a on he o he hand. This knowledge empowe s p ac i ione s and policymake s o in o med
decision-making and de ine e icien s a egies o enhancing he ope a ional esilience o he
Galician mussel aquacul u e.
● In e idal Moni o ing (INTERM): The sedimen ological knowledge inc ease and he applica ion
o an up- o-da e mo phodynamic model by UVIGO-GEOMA, enhances ou unde s anding o he
in e idal sandbank esponse o clima e change. I p o ides aluable insigh o adap ing
p oduc ion in he ace o changing en i onmen al condi ions.
● Mussel Ra Moni o ing (MRM): CETMAR has pionee ed he digi aliza ion o mussel a s o
enable eal- ime p oduc ion moni o ing. This ool's design and implemen a ion has been ca ied
ou in close collabo a ion wi h mussel p oduc ion s akeholde s, adap ing o hei needs. I ocuses
on he collec ion o ex ensi e eal- ime da a om mussel a s o op imise he managemen o
mussel p oduc ion, pa icula ly in esponse o clima e- ela ed challenges.
The inno a ion o hese solu ions lies in he de elopmen and applica ion o digi al and echnological
solu ions o be p o ided o he shell ish aquacul u e and ha es ing sec o in Galicia. These solu ions
aim o p o ide eal- ime da a, imp o e unde s anding o en i onmen al esponses, and enhance he
e iciency and esilience o hese indus ies o be e adap o clima e changeThe main impac s will
be he imp o ed unde s anding o he p oblema ic, he awa eness abou clima e change e ec s on
he sec o and he sa is ac ion o he solu ions con ibu ion, a he wo key communi y sys ems
in ol ed: he clam sec o and he mussel indus y. This will be assessed mainly wi h indica o s
in o ming on he pe o mance o he solu ions and he pa icipa ion, pe cep ion, in ol emen , and
in e es o key sec o al s akeholde s.
2
2.1. Con ex
In og aphic
P elimina y In og aphic ha we’ll be imp o ed o communica ion and ans e ence pu poses in 2024.
Figu e 1. Visual scheme o he Galician demons a o and he solu ions being es ed
3
Backg ound & objec i es
Galicia is one o he mos signi ican ishing egions wi hin he Eu opean Union. Wi hin Galician
ishe ies, mussel and clam aquacul u e sys ems play a i al ole in he egional economy, in luencing
a wide ange o ac i i ies including he p ocessing and comme cializa ion sec o , he canning indus y,
shipbuilding, and ou ism. Tou is s pa ake in a ious ac i i ies such as dining on sea ood, pa icipa ing
in gas onomic ou s, and paying o boa ips and ishing excu sions.
Ma ine aquacul u e and shell ish ha es ing occu in coas al acili ies on land o in ma ine a eas
conside ed as inland wa e s, known as "Rías". On he one hand, he mussel aquacul u e sec o di ec ly
employs o e 4,000 indi iduals in he egion. This indus y aces clima e- ela ed h ea s such as
ad e se impac s om ex eme wea he e en s on mussel a s uc u es, he a ailabili y o mussel
seeds, and ha m ul algal blooms. On he o he hand, clam a ming akes place in he coas al sandbanks
(numbe ing mo e han 600), wi h shell ish ha es ing on oo in ol ing app oxima ely 3,500 sel -
employed indi iduals collec ing bi al es and polychae es on beaches and in e idal sandbanks.
No ably, 90% o hese ha es e s a e women. Because o Clima e Change, coas al oceanog aphic and
hyd ological condi ions a e expec ed o al e he sedimen cha ac e is ics o shell ish banks, educing
shell ish p oduc i i y and inc easing mo ali y. In ex eme cases, his could lead o he loss o hese
habi a s.
To con on hese challenges, communi ies ind i challenging o unde s and wha cu en ly exis s,
wha is equi ed and wha is easible in e ms o adap ing o CC. In nume ous wo kshops and sec o
mee ings, i has been asse ed ha imely and open da a communica ion is essen ial o in o med and
e icien decision-making. This, in u n, boos s p ojec easibili y and shapes ci izen beha iou .
Emb acing digi al and echnological inno a ions, alongside s eamlined managemen sys ems, could
yield swi e , mo e e icien esponses o ex eme e en s. This, in essence, could mi iga e clima e-
ela ed damage, all while aking budge a y limi a ions in o ca e ul conside a ion.
Objec i es
The objec i e o he Galician demons a o is o d i e a egion-speci ic adap i e ans o ma ional
adap a ion p ocess o he clam and mussel sec o s, esponding o he p e ailing mul i-sec o al
clima e isks. The able 1 co ela es he solu ions de eloped by he Galicia demons a o wi h he
speci ic objec i es hey con ibu e o.
Table 4. Speci ic objec i es in ela ion o solu ions demons a ed
Speci ic objec i es
MRM
RI
INTERM
Imp o e he unde s anding o he egional oceanog aphic
en i onmen and es ools ha will con ibu e o he e ec i e use
o his in o ma ion.
X
X
Engage wi h s akeholde s and inc ease he awa eness and he
pe cep ion o isks o add ess e i o ial ulne abili ies linked o CC.
X
X
X
4
Facili a e he in eg a ion o In e ne o Things and A i icial
In elligence o b ing digi alisa ion and au oma ion s a egies o he
shell ish sec o .
X
P o ide policymake s wi h decision-making suppo ools o de ine
ac ions and a oadmap o enhancing esilience.
X
X
Showcase he e icacy o solu ions in bols e ing esilience wi hin he
mussel and clam sec o in Galicia and asce ain hei po en ial o
eplica ion.
X
X
X
De i e a se o ecommenda ions and measu es including an
appealing documen , by using he ools deli e ed.
X
X
X
Geog aphical desc ip ion
Deli e able 1.2 o he T ans o mA p ojec p o ides a de ailed and comp ehensi e explana ion o he
geog aphical cha ac e is ics o Galicia. This sec ion o e s only a summa y o con ex ualise he
demons a o and he solu ions.
Galicia (6.4 - 9.6°W, 41.5 - 44.2°N) is loca ed in he No h A lan ic egion, in he No hwes qua e o
Spain. The egion co e s 29,576 km2, ep esen ing 5.8% o Spanish e i o y, wi h a coas line o 1,659
km (32.8% o he Spanish coas line). The in ica e A lan ic coas o Galicia is mainly cha ac e ised by
he p esence o mul iple coas al inle s known as Rías. Thei geomo phology and ci cula ion a ou he
e icien use o he nu ien s anspo ed by he upwelling p ocess in sp ing and summe , and p o ide
p o ec ion agains au umn and win e s o ms, condi ions ha make Galicia an excep ional si e o he
mussel aquacul u e on hanging opes and bi al e ex ac ion in sandbanks. In pa icula , he Ria de
A ousa, he la ges bay inle in he sou hwes coas , appea s as he mos p oduc i e a ea wi h 70% o
he mussel a s and 50% clam sales ((Xun a de Galicia, 2021a).
Galicia is loca ed in he ansi ion om he empe a e o he subpola egimes o he No h A lan ic,
which, among o he ac o s, makes i pa icula ly sensi i e o he p edic ed CC. I s consequences in
he egional oceanog aphy sys ems and he consequen socio economic impac emains unde
e alua ion.
The e i o y o Galicia is home o 56 ypes o habi a s o communi y in e es , wi h 10 o hem being
conside ed as p io i ies. Acco ding o he da a ex ac ed om he “Mas e Plan o he Na u a 2000
Ne wo k” p epa ed in 2012 by he egional go e nmen Xun a de Galicia (Ramil-Rego e al., 2012),
12.7% o he e i o y o Galicia is conside ed a Si e o Communi y In e es (SCI) and 3.4% co esponds
o A eas o Special P o ec ion o Bi ds (SPAs), which a e usually pa o SCIs. Galicia’s egional
popula ion includes some 2.7 million people. The egion has de eloped a Galician Clima e Change
S a egy 2050, and an In eg a ed Regional Plan o Ene gy and Clima e o he pe iod 2019-2023 which
is mean o guide he implemen a ion o he s a egy.
11
Figu e 4. D a p esen a ion o he esul s o he syn he ic Resilience Index ( he
numbe s a e ic i ious un il inal calcula ion).
In e idal Moni o ing – INTERM
The GEOMA Resea ch g oup om he Uni e si y o Vigo implemen s a sedimen ological moni o ing
o sandbanks a speci ic loca ions o clam exploi a ion wi h he aim o imp o e he knowledge o he
sedimen dynamics, he s abili y o he ecosys em subs a um, and i s esponse o he p edic ed
Clima e Change ou come. An upda ed unde s anding will imp o e STH and policymake s basis o
adequa e adap a ion solu ions, e icien managemen cu en ly hinde ed by he lack o in o ma ion.

12
This solu ion di ec ly esponds o wo aspec s in he na u e o he sandbanks subs a e
unde s anding:
1. The sedimen ological con ex o he Galician in e idal sandbanks, speci ically wha d i es
hei mo phology and how hei sedimen s seasonally beha e, and he po en ial ela ionship
wi h changes in shell ish p oduc i i y.
2. Consequences o he Clima e Change on he Galician sandbanks e ain. Al hough we know
ha en i onmen al a ia ions al e he mo phology and composi ion o he in e idal
sedimen s (e.g. F iede ichs 2011) po en ially al e ing he ecosys em, ew s udies ha e
unde aken his issue a he egional le el.
Wi hin his con ex , selec ion o s udy-case loca ions was pe o med a e discussion wi h local
shell ishe s and scien i ic communi y in ol ed, ying o espond o he obse ed a iable
his o ical p oduc i i y o comme cial clams and a ising sedimen ological conce ns. To i ou
e alua ion in he ime ame o he p ojec , he "space o ime" hypo hesis has been assumed,
selec ing h ee a eas on he sou h ma gin o he Ría de A ousa, wi h di e en geological
con igu a ion and le els o shell ish p oduc i i y.
The INTERM solu ion has a h ee old mission:
1. In e idal Moni o ing: Based on p e ious and ongoing STH e o s cu en ly used o sedimen
managemen s a egies, a sys ema ic moni o ing has been ca ied ou o ob ain seasonally
upda ed da ase s along he du a ion o he p ojec . S a ing in mon h 13 (Oc obe 2022), sedimen
p ope ies (g ain size dis ibu ion, o ganic ma e con en , geochemical composi ion, e c.), e ain
ele a ion da ase s and oceanog aphic pa ame e s in luencing he a ea dynamics a e being
su eyed.
2. Mo phodynamic Modelling: A model se up is being con igu ed and alida ed on he DELFT3D
package (Del a es, The Ne he lands) o a egional le el domain whe e he ide is he main
hyd odynamic ac o . Sedimen anspo unde di e en ba hyme ic condi ions, idal cu en s,
and i e discha ge a ia ions a e e alua ed using he modules FLOW and MOR. An o hogonal
g id is es ablished and e ined owa ds he selec ed in e idal sandbanks, inco po a ing ex e nal
da ase s o deep ba hyme y, bu ob ained highe esolu ion dep h and sedimen composi ion
o he selec ed shallow sandbanks. Simula ions depend on he bounda y condi ions de ined o
ide, i e and wa e su ace. Cu en ly, he model se -up needs o be alida ed, con as ing he
esul s wi h ongoing moni o ed and public s a ions da a, o allow he explo a ion o egional CC
scena ios wi h a iable hyd odynamic condi ions. We expec o desc ibe whe he he selec ed
sandbanks lose o gain sedimen , as well as hei sedimen ex u e a ia ions, ha migh a oid
some species g ow h.
3. Knowledge ans e : The compiled in o ma ion, including he gene a ed da ase s and
p edic ed scena ios, will be analysed and p ocessed o inally e u n o he clam sec o in a way
ha will con ibu e o imp o e he sandbank moni o ing guidelines, and o be he basis o co-
c ea e and pu pose managemen s a egies o ha es ed sandbanks agains he CC. The planning,
me hodology and lessons lea n o he p ocess will be a ailable o guide simila p ocesses in
equi alen a eas.
13
Figu e 5. INTERM s a egy scheme.
Mussel Ra Moni o ing - MRM
The Technological Cen e o he Sea – CETMAR, is ca ying ou he de elopmen o a pilo case o
digi aliza ion o he mussel aquacul u e. The condi ions o he ma ine en i onmen and he
p oduc ion a e being moni o ed in ac i e mussels’ a ms, o he imp o emen o he exploi a ions
managemen , wi h he suppo and collabo a ion o i s owne s.
The i s comp ehensi e moni o ing o a mussel a in he Galician ías was conduc ed a he physical
a iables le el in he amewo k o he ESSMA p ojec (Ecological Sus ainabili y o Suspended Mussel
Aquacul u e), unded by he Spanish Minis y o Science and Inno a ion (Aguia e al., 2015). This
s udy sugges ed ha i was necessa y a e ision o he ecological concep s, such as ood deple ion
and/o educ ion in wa e low, based on idealized linea lows h ough he a s. This included he
conside a ion o he "clea ance" a ea, de ined as he a ea a ec ed by non-linea e ec s p oduced by
he a i sel and i s su ounding a s. These conclusions we e suppo ed by he esul s ob ained
h ough a nea eal- ime moni o ing o a a , du ing mo e han a yea and a hal , in he Lo bé polygon
o he Ría de A es and Be anzos (NW Galicia, Spain). The digi aliza ion in his case in ol ed he
ins alla ion o ou cu en me e s and ou u bidime e s/ luo ome e s placed on each side o he a
ha eco ded da a in a sel -con ained way. Simul aneously, he posi ion and o ien a ion o he a
we e also eco ded in eal ime. The au onomy o his a was limi ed by ene gy equi emen s
because mos o he equipmen had ba e ies no powe ed by sola panels. This in ica es ecu en
ba e y changes and, consequen ly, nume ous isi s o he a .
In his case, he solu ion de eloped in T ans o mA includes he moni o ing o en i onmen al, and
p oduc ion pa ame e s (cu en ly in wo mussel- a s), based on he implemen a ion o IoT solu ions
powe ed by sola ene gy. Besides, he emo e isualisa ion o he da a on an in e ne -based pla o m
is also being de eloped, p esen ing he in o ma ion o p oduc ion managemen .
A key aspec is he ecep ion and eedback om wo ke s in he sec o , paying a en ion o hei
opinions and sugges ions o imp o emen o adap a ion o he ins alla ion o hei in e es s.
Figu e 6 explains he logic and he sequence o he da a ga he ed om he momen ha he senso
cap u es hem o he isualisa ion on he dashboa d.
14
Figu e 6. MRM lowcha
Nex , i is shown he deg ee o execu ion o his solu ion in h ee phases as well as he ime ame:
● The i s phase consis s o a sys em ha moni o s he basic pa ame e s and can alida e he
ins alla ion and he de elopmen s c ea ed exp essly o i s use on a s. Fo his pu pose, an IN-
SITU da a s o age ins alla ion was designed and ins alled in a a o be es ed o a ew mon hs
and make he necessa y modi ica ions o imp o e i s obus ness.
A he same ime, a i s analysis o he da a was ca ied ou in o de o op imize c i e ia in e ms
o s o age capaci y and equency o da a acquisi ion.
Wi h all he lessons lea ned om he i s phase, a new design o he ins alla ion a chi ec u e was
made o adap i o a eal- ime da a collec ion sys em.
● The second phase de elops he communica ion p o ocols and he imp o emen s o be able o
pe o m da a acquisi ion au onomously and send he measu emen s o g ound s a ions o
u he analysis. In addi ion o he oceanog aphic moni o ing senso s, o he me eo ological
senso s we e added o complemen and imp o e he sampling capabili y o he sys em ins alled
in wo mussel a s.
Da a analysis p ocedu es a e being imp o ed as well as he cha ac e is ics o he huge amoun o
da a ecei ed in eal ime.
The designed ins alla ion is easible o he a ailable in as uc u e and esis an o he ad e se
condi ions o he ma ine en i onmen and has a high deg ee o au onomy, bo h in e ms o
ene gy and in he measu emen and elema ic ansmission o moni o ed da a, as well as ha ing
sys ems o de ec ing possible ailu es.
● The hi d phase, implemen ed in 2024, will imp o e he da a analysis sys ems and he necessa y
implemen a ions o isualise he da a in a use - iendly web pla o m. This dashboa d will show
eal ime da a, as well as all he da a his o y o he a iables ha a e being collec ed. I is in ended
15
ha da a access and he isualisa ion a e a o dable o STH and use ul in decision-making o
mo e e ec i e and sus ainable managemen o esou ces.
To assess he easibili y o digi aliza ion in he sec o , he echnical and economic aspec s a e analysed,
as well as he impac o he implemen ed solu ions, acili a ing and p omo ing hei eplica ion and
scalabili y in he sec o . Al hough i is oo ea ly o be able o e alua e he ac ions o changes ha can
be ca ied ou by wo ke s in he sec o a e analysing he da a p o ided, we al eady can asse ha
he in o ma ion collec ed is in e es ing and adds alue o he sec o and hei wo ke s. By
inco po a ing IoT echnology in o mussel a moni o ing, he shell ish indus y can adap o and
mi iga e he challenges p esen ed by a changing clima e while main aining sus ainable and p o i able
ope a ions.
This e o con ibu es o he achie emen o se e al objec i es de ined a Na ional and Regional
Clima e Change Adap a ion Plans. Speci ically, i is aligned wi h he In eg a ed Regional Plan o Ene gy
and Clima e (2019-2023) o he de elopmen and implemen a ion o he Galician S a egy o Clima e
Change and Ene gy 2050 in he lines o ac ion: 11 - Consolida e an obse a ion ne wo k as an
ins umen o imp o e moni o ing, 14 - P omo e he conse a ion and e icien use o na u al
esou ces, and 18 - Consolida e sus ainable managemen o ishing and aquacul u e ha minimises
he impac s o CC and gua an ees he cu en posi ioning o he sec o in he long e m.
Expec ed Inno a ions
Each o he h ee solu ions p esen ed in poin 3.1 is expec ed o gene a e new in o ma ion o he
demons a o ha will be ans e o a b oade audience. In gene al e ms i is expec ed ha he
demons a o inno a es on moni o ing, echnical and social aspec s. Table 2 illus a es which solu ion
esul s in he desi ed inno a ion ield.
Table 5. Expec ed inno a ions.
Inno a ion
MRM
INTERM
RI
Inno a ion on moni o ing
x
x
Technical inno a ion
x
x
x
Awa eness in clima e change
x
RESILIENCE INDEX (RI)
The no el y o he RI in he Galicia demons a o and i s ecogni ion in no ewo hy publica ions and
epo s highligh s i s obus ness and applicabili y. The RI de elopmen me hodology and alida ion
was documen ed by REDE esea ch g oup in a 2021 publica ion in he Ma ine Policy jou nal (León-
Ma eos e al., 2021). Fu he mo e, his pape was ci ed in he Wo king G oup II Six h Assessmen
Repo o he IPCC. The RI i s applica ion ook place in he A Co uña Po , Galicia (Spain). Howe e ,
he me hodology used o c ea e his syn he ic index can be ans e ed o o he sec o s and egions.
I is wo h no ing ha such a decision-making ool has ne e been implemen ed in he key
communi y sys em (KCS) o he mussel aquacul u e and i is unknown o ac o s in ol ed in i .
The inno a i e alue o he RI solu ion in T ans o mA is ep esen ed by he ollowing ac o s:
16
a) Decision-Making assis ance ins umen . The RI will play a c ucial ole in p o iding STH, manage s,
and policymake s wi h accessible and unde s andable in o ma ion de i ed om di e se scien i ic
ields no in e connec ed be o e. The main inno a i e ac o in ol es he ga he ing o bo h
quan i a i e and quali a i e da a belonging o di e en a eas and ans o ming i in o simple and
easily in e p e able me ics wi h a o ma ha is use - iendly and enables in o med and o wa d-
looking decisions on whe e o concen a e hei e o s.
b) Holis ic assessmen . To main ain unin e up ed aquacul u e ope a ions and e en os e he sec o
o g ow as clima e change becomes mo e appa en , holis ic app oaches o add essing clima e
change impac s a e needed (Maulu e al., 2021). The RI will b idge ha gap by p o iding a b oad
iew on he le el o adap i e capaci y o mussel aquacul u e by in e connec ing isks,
ulne abili ies, esilience ac o s, and ac ionable ecommenda ions in he bene i o an in o med
decision-making.
c) In e disciplina y app oach. To mo e o wa d long- e m esponses, inco po a e go e nance
ini ia i es ha ake in o accoun di e en needs o STH, use s, and cul u e ecosys ems as a whole
a e equi ed (Reid e al., 2019). Cu en ools o measu ing esilience a e o en cons ained, end
o adop a pa ial pe spec i e, biased owa d en i onmen al dimensions o neglec social and
economic aspec s (Maulu e al., 2021). The comp ehensi e in ol emen o all STH in o mula ing
he index will mi iga e he biases commonly associa ed wi h indica o s ha ely solely on he
iewpoin s o selec pa ies.
d) S akeholde engagemen and dissemina ion. The RI de elopmen in ol es ac i e s akeholde
pa icipa ion no only in o mula ing he index bu also in decision-making o s a egic ac ions o
enhance he sec o 's adap i e capaci y. Acco ding o Engle & an Sen en (2022) success ul
engagemen h ough pa icipa o y app oaches, including policy-make s, p oduce s, local ci izens,
and o he STH, is p e e able o e command-and-con ol me hods. Responsible and sus ainable
aquacul u e, guided by science-based egula ions applied e icien ly, holds he p omise o
imp o ing communi y esilience.
INTERTIDAL MONITORING - INTERM
Whe he he sedimen da a in eg a ion o he selec ed shell ish sandbanks elies on his o ical da a
collec ed by local ishe men's guilds and scien i ic o go e nmen ins i u ions, he INTERM in ol es
su eying a a empo al and egional scale ne e pe o med be o e in he egion. The inno a ion o
he INTERM can be hen ou lined in he ollowing i ems:
a) Scien i ic / Moni o ing Inno a ion. Mul iple e o s ha e ecen ly been made o con ol and
manage he in e idal sandbanks, howe e , in he ecen yea s, he e is a clea dec ease in shell ish
p oduc i i y (www.pescadegalicial.gal) which causes ha e no ye been iden i ied. A a egional
le el, some s udies ha e explo ed how clima e a ec he biophysical condi ions o bi al e
de elopmen , such as empe a u e and salini y (e.g. Des e al., 2021; Dominguez e al., 2021),
howe e ew wo k has been done ega ding he ecosys em suspended sedimen dynamics and
subs a e s abili y, which can be al e ed among o he causes, due o a iable clima e dynamics.
The INTERM solu ion aims o inno a e in he di ec ion o ill his lack o knowledge, explo ing bo h
he p esen day sedimen dynamics by in e idal moni o ing, and u u e esponse, by
mo phodynamic simula ions.
b) Technical inno a ion in he e alua ion o CC e ec s. As an inno a i e echnical solu ion, INTERM
e alua es he CC a ec a ion o he egional coas and ma ine en i onmen s o Galicia by he use
o he s a e-o - he-a DELFT3D model package on i s ecen ly upda ed Flexible e sion. The
e alua ion o he sedimen anspo and mo phodynamic e olu ion a his es ua ine domain, and
i s consequences on bi al e ecosys ems sus ainabili y, h ough he MOR module o DELFT3D has

17
ne e been done. Addi ionally, no mo phodynamic simula ions we e p e iously applied o he
selec ed in e idal sandbanks, which a e he mos p oduc i e o Galicia, o s udy hei
mo phological e olu ion clima ic a iable condi ions. The e o e, he ine- uning o he model o
he con ined coas al zone wi h i egula coas line and aluing sedimen anspo o changing
hyd odynamic condi ions ep esen s an impo an inno a ion o he INTERM solu ion.
c) Inno a ion in science-socie y in e ac ions and s a egies: INTERM will make an e o o imp o e
shell ish ha es e s' con idence in science and esea che s as allies in he managemen o he
banks, aiming o inno a e ollowing ecen RRI guidelines con as ing adi ional scien i ic wo k.
Fo his, wi hin he amewo k o he p ojec , we aim o make he moni o ing e o p o i able by
coo dina ing he e o s wi h he in e es s o he ishe men's associa ions in he measu emen o
manda o y indica o s o he esou ce managemen plans.
d) Addi ionally, in his con ex o up- o-da e esea ch di ec ions, he moni o ing o sandbanks has
been designed keeping in mind ha long ime se ies o da a canno be suppo ed by esea ch
p ojec s wi h a ixed du a ion and will e en ually ha e o be le o he ishe men's associa ions.
The e o e, me hods used in he p ojec ha e been adap ed o acili a e con inua ion o sampling
s a egies, eplica ions, and main analysis, o hose exis ing in hese o ganisa ions, once he p ojec
ends.
MUSSEL RAFT MONITORING - MRM
CETMAR has ex ensi e expe ience o e he pas 15 yea s in eal- ime moni o ing o oceanog aphic
and me eo ological a iables wi hin he amewo k o he ansbo de RAIA Obse a o y. Howe e ,
moni o ing a unc ioning mussel a , ep esen s a signi ican and pionee ing leap, in ol ing he
adap a ion o digi al measu emen sys ems wi hou dis up ing he wo k o he mussel p oduce s.
The digi aliza ion o a mussel a equi es a di e en app oach compa ed wi h adi ional in-si u
moni o ing. The ollowing aspec s a e being inno a i e in he mussel sec o Galician indus y:
a) Real- ime Da a Collec ion o en i onmen al a iables ough IoT sys ems ha ansmi da a o
a cen alised pla o m. This enables immedia e da a analysis, o e ing imely insigh s in o
changing en i onmen al condi ions.
b) Remo e Moni o ing educes physical p esence and helps ensu ing he sa e y o pe sonnel.
c) Da a Analysis and P edic i e Modelling. Machine lea ning and da a analy ics help in iden i ying
pa e ns and ends ela ed o CC impac s on mussel a ming. This in o ma ion can be used o
making in o med decisions and he o mula ion o adap i e s a egies.
d) Ale s and No i ica ions when ce ain pa ame e s each c i ical le els. Fo ins ance, i wa e
empe a u e exceeds a ce ain h eshold, he mussel a ope a o s ecei e an ale , enabling
immedia e p o ec i e ac ions.
e) His o ical Da a S o age ha allows he c ea ion o aluable long- e m CC impac eco ds o
scien i ic esea ch and policy de elopmen ela ed o CC and i s e ec s on mussel a ming.
) Ene gy E iciency, using low-powe senso s and communica ion echnologies. This ensu es ha
moni o ing ope a ions do no place an excessi e bu den on powe esou ces. Ongoing e o s
a e di ec ed owa ds mi iga ing he e ec s o educed sola adia ion in Galicia du ing he
au umn and win e seasons.
g) No in e e ence in daily wo ke s’ asks: he ins alla ion has been designed o be in eg a ed in o
he a ailable in as uc u e.
18
2.3. Expec ed impac s
O e iew o he expec ed impac s
The o e all impac is o empowe he sec o wi h eal- ime da a and p edic i e capabili ies,
imp o ing ope a ional e iciency and suppo ing sus ainable and adap i e managemen p ac ices o
ace he en i onmen al changing condi ions due CC.
I is expec ed ha he use s will ind he moni o ing o hei p oduc ion ac i i ies mo e manageable
and adap able o he changing en i onmen al condi ions. This, in u n, may enable hem o be e
plan hei wo k and ha e a posi i e impac on hei wo king condi ions and sa e y.
The solu ions ha a e being de eloped, a e unde s ood as a ial o s udy he easibili y o he
digi aliza ion o he sec o s o a be e adap a ion o CC. Thus, he e ec i eness o hese ools will be
gauged by he ex en o which hey a e emb aced and how sa is ied use s, including p oduce s and
scien is s, a e wi h hem.
Fu he mo e, he aim o he demons a o is ha he insigh s de i ed om hese ools acili a e STH
and policymake s o iden i y s a egic ocal poin s o adap ing o CC e ec s and make well-in o med
decisions o enhance he ope a ional esilience o Galician mussel and clam aquacul u e.
Table 6. Expec ed impac s o he solu ions.
Expec ed impac
RI
INTERM
MRM
Knowledge inc ease and ans e abou egional oceanog aphic
en i onmen
X
X
X
A ailabili y o echnically iable and e ec i e digi al- echnological
ools o add ess e i o ial ulne abili ies linked o CC.
X
X
A ailabili y o decision-making suppo ools o de ine ac ions and a
oadmap o enhancing esilience.
X
Awa eness ising and be e pe cep ion o CC isks a ec ing he sec o
X
X
X
Social accep ance and in e es in eplica ing he solu ions o any o
he componen s de eloped
X
X
X
Go e nance and managemen measu es
X
X
X
P ojec impac indica o s, app oach o moni o ing
P io o ob aining impac esul s, i is impe a i e o i s ga he da a on he implemen a ion o he
solu ions, such as iden i ying sui able da a collec ion a eas, secu ing p oduce ag eemen s, ins alling
senso s, ensu ing senso unc ionali y, and he ype o in o ma ion ob ained.
19
Then, he expec ed impac s o he solu ions will be measu ed ough he impac indica o s as
desc ibed in he Table 4. In his able, se e al columns ha e also been added o clea ly display he
baseline, he expec ed ou comes a he end o he p ojec , he cu en si ua ion, and he app oach o
moni o ing indica o s pe impac ( he ype and o ma o e i ica ion sou ces). The able could be
enhanced by p o iding mo e in o ma ion o he nex moni o ing epo .
The impac o hese solu ions will be closely moni o ed in acco dance wi h p ojec guidelines and,
whe e easible, aligned wi h o he demons a o s. O e all, he inc ease in knowledge impac h ough
he cou se o he p ojec is measu ed by compa ison be ween he ob ained measu emen s om
moni o ing su eys and senso s and baseline exis ing da a. I is assessed mos ly based on use
sa is ac ion (p oduce s and scien is s), echnical and economic iabili y, awa eness and beha iou al
change, and he po en ial o eplica ion. The moni o ing o hese indica o s is app oached h ough
wo kshops, mee ings, es imonies o key in o man s, su eys and ques ionnai es. Repo s o he
in ol emen o he STH and communica ion and ans e ac i i ies will se e as e i ica ion sou ces,
oge he wi h in o ma ion abou he da a publica ion eco ds and web/ iso isualisa ions.
20
Table 7. Indica o s o measu e he expec ed impac s, linked o he baseline, he expec ed ou comes, he cu en si ua ion, and he moni o ing app oach.
Expec ed
impac
Indica o s
Solu ion
App oach
Baseline
Achie ed
Expec ed
Knowledge
inc ease
and
ans e
Gene a ion and dissemina ion o new ou pu s o knowledge
ela ed o CC managemen .
RI
Da a publica ion
eco ds/ epo ,
web/ iso iews
(Google analy ics
eco ds), su ey o
STK using da a.
Log o
communica ion and
ans e e en s,
epo o
ans e wo kshops,
minu es o mee ings
wi h 5 helix and
bila e al mee ings.
-
2 ou pu s
iden i ied and
dis ibu ed among
STK:
- 70 clima e isk
scena ios o he
mussel
aquacul u e
- 20 esilience
ac o s, use ul o
acing he e ec s
o clima e change
on mussel
aquacul u e
2
Accessible and eal ime in o ma ion on he e ec s o
changing local en i onmen al condi ions on a eal mussel a
(a high equency)
MRM
0
No da a a ailable
ye
Access o
he digi al
dashboa d:
1 en y each
15 days
Numbe o STH o ins i u ions using da a
INTE
RM
MRM
-
No da a a ailable
ye
90% o
engaged STK
Km2 eme ged opog aphy (by oo )
INTE
0
0.36 Km2
T ans o mA Deli e able 5.8
27
www. ans o ma .eu
2.4. Conclusions
The Galician Clima e Change and Ene gy S a egy 2050 and sec o al wo kshops ou lines he impo ance
o unde s anding how he a ia ions in oceanog aphic condi ions, changes in ain all and uno egime,
will h ea en he aquacul u e sec o . In his con ex , he challenge is o ind sui able adap a ion ools o
ensu e he esilience and sus ainabili y, conside ing bo h hei adequacy and economic iabili y. In o de
o add ess his e ec i ely, i is c ucial o moni o he e olu ion o clima e- ela ed isks and p o ide he
sec o knowledge h ough accessible and use - iendly da ase s.
Th ee solu ions a e being de eloped in o de o p o ide aluable insigh s in o hese challenges: he
In e idal Moni o ing - INTERM, Mussel Ra Moni o ing - MRM, and Resilience Index - RI.
In gene al e ms i is expec ed ha he demons a o inno a es on moni o ing, echnical and social
aspec s. I p o ides a decision-making ool, simpli ying complex scien i ic da a in o easily unde s andable
me ics while o e ing a comp ehensi e assessmen o adap i e capaci y.
The solu ions also p esen inno a ions in scien i ic moni o ing illing knowledge gaps, and conduc s
simula ions unp eceden ed in Galicia's p oduc i e sandbanks. Mo eo e , exhibi s inno a ions in eal-
ime da a collec ion, emo e moni o ing, p edic i e modelling, ale s, da a s o age, ene gy e iciency, and
non-dis up i e in eg a ion in o daily ope a ions, ma king signi ican ad ancemen s in he Galician mussel
indus y. I ensu es inclusi e s akeholde engagemen , educing biases and in ol ing hem in decision-
making p ocesses o sec o al imp o emen s beyond he p ojec 's du a ion.
The impac o hese solu ions will be e alua ed by he awa eness and he pe cep ion o isks, he
a ailabili y and u ilisa ion o ools, in combina ion wi h he knowledge inc ease. Fu he mo e, he
oadmap wi h consensus and alida ed solu ions will be a key indica o o success, as well as he
engagemen o ele an ac o s and STH.
While he inc ease o unde s anding in he p oblem o sol e impac is app oached h ough indica o s
based on da a a ailabili y imp o emen , he app oach o moni o he social impac s in ol es a ange o
ools, including wo kshops, es imonies, key in o man in e iews, su eys, epo s, and a ious
communica ion and ans e e en s. These ools will help demons a e he achie emen o he expec ed
impac s and enable STH o assess he e ec i eness o he solu ions.
In summa y, he Galician demons a o is making s ides in es ing inno a i e solu ions o enhance he
esilience o shell ish aquacul u e and ha es ing in he ace o CC. The speci ic objec i es o he p ojec ,
including imp o ed unde s anding o sea beha iou , s akeholde engagemen , digi aliza ion, and
decision-making suppo , all con ibu e o he o e a ching goal o ans o ming and adap ing hese i al
indus ies in he Galician egion o he challenges o CC.

T ans o mA Deli e able 5.8
28
www. ans o ma .eu
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Science o The To al En i onmen 703, 134808.
Xun a de Galicia. (2021, a). Enquisa sob e a poboación ocupada nos sec o es da pesca e da acuicul u a
ma iña en Galicia - OCUPESCA 2019,
h ps://www.pescadegalicia.gal/Publicaciones/pd s/Ocupesca_2019.pd
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3.0. Lappeen an a – De eloping s o mwa e
managemen and moni o ing
Execu i e summa y
A numbe o solu ions exis o adap o he consequences o clima e change. An o e iew o exis ing
solu ions is p o ided in he ‘Ca alogue o solu ions’ (Deli e able epo 3.2). This epo desc ibes i s ly
he adap a ion solu ions ha a e being es ed in he ci y o Lappeen an a, Finland, and secondly how he
impac o he solu ions will be moni o ed. Re e ence is gi en o he espec i e ask (T) in wo k package
4. The solu ions a e:
1) Na u e-based u ban s o mwa e solu ion (URB) (T4.3.2): a bio il a ion a ea, ha cap u es and ea s
uno and s o m wa e om he su oundings s ee and sidewalk in he ci y cen e o Lappeen an a.
2) S o mwa e moni o ing (SWMM)
3
(T4.4.1): The in luen o he bio il a ion a ea and g oundwa e is
moni o ed wi h eal- ime senso s o wa e quan i y, and quali y, in addi ion o sampling campaigns o
uno and g oundwa e . Wa e low olumes/su ace le els in pipelines as well as s o mwa e quali y
a e moni o ed in s o mwa e con eyance sys em acili ies o iden i y capaci y and quali y issues.
3) Ci izen App Finland (CAF) (T4.1.2): Da a on s o mwa e managemen , om moni o ing and
simula ions, a e b ough oge he in da a applica ions. An exis ing pla o m used by he ci y
adminis a ion, named S ee AI, is being ex ended o s o mwa e managemen . In addi ion, a new app
is being de eloped o he ci izens o Lappeen an a. Ci izen app allows use s o ge up- o-da e
in o ma ion e.g. on ai quali y, wea he , s o mwa e quali y, s o mwa e d ainage sys em looding and
ongoing s ee wo ks.
4) The ou h solu ion is a Choice Expe imen su ey o ci izens (CEI, T4.5.3): his su ey is asking ci izens
abou hei willingness o apply uno and s o mwa e managemen measu es on p i a e land. The
choice expe imen is no limi ed o he ci izens o Lappeen an a. The choice expe imen eaches ou o
1000 ci izens ac oss Finland, and 1000 ci izens in No way.
Technical pa ne s suppo ing ci y o Lappeen an a a e: LUT, UA, NTNU, Ve hae . The asks o each
pa ne a e desc ibed in sec ion 3.2.
This in e media y moni o ing epo de ines objec i es o hese ou solu ions and desc ibes which
impac s a e expec ed and how hey a e and will be moni o ed. The objec i es a e: (i) Reducing plu ial
u ban lood isk, (ii) Reducing he o e all load o he s o mwa e d ain sys em, (iii) Inc easing
en i onmen al awa eness o emission load o ecipien lake and g oundwa e , and mi iga ion o he load
caused by he uno , (i ) Inc easing knowledge and accessibili y o da a o all s akeholde s ia eal- ime
moni o ing and no el da a, ( ) Facili a ion imp o emen o he choice o al e na i e op ions, e.g., g een
in as uc u e, ( i) Inc ease awa eness o s akeholde s on clima e change impac s on local le el and
egion.
3
The G an Ag eemen men ions 2 solu ions SWM and SWMM, ye bo h e e o he moni o ing o
s o mwa e managemen solu ions. We p opose o use jus 'SWMM’ as he solu ion (in ull: s o m wa e
moni o ing).
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The impac s moni o ed a e (i) Flood Vulne abili y (ii) Wa e Quali y (iii) Social Accep ance, and (i )
Economic Cos s. The epo de ines solu ion sensi i e indica o s and p esen s indica o s chosen o
moni o ing. All ou solu ions ha e no el y in he ci y o Lappeen an a. URB is a NBS which is buil o he
i s ime in his ci y, and he bio il e media has a new s uc u e con aining biocha and gangue
(limes one mining) c ushed ac ion. Moni o ing o URB p o ides eal- ime da a ha is u ilized oge he
wi h labo a o y analysis o p o ide in o ma ion abou he olume lows, wa e quali y and emission load.
This equi es compu a ional co ec ion and modelling (see Chap e 3.3.) o be in eg a ed in o he digi al
pla o m o he ci y. The digi al pla o m is u ilized in ci izen applica ion (CAF). In addi ion o he URB, he
d ainage in luen low is moni o ed and measu ed aiming o p o ide no el in o ma ion o ci y planning
abou he seasonal and p ecipi a ion wise a ia ion. U iliza ion o public came as o p ecipi a ion
es ima es p o ides no el ool o s ee main enance and eal- ime wa nings. P inciple concep s o
inno a ions a e p esen ed in his epo b oadly since he implemen a ion o he solu ions is no
comple ed.
3.1. Con ex
In og aphic
Objec i es
Objec i es o he demons a o : (i) U ban su ace uno and lood mi iga ion, mi iga ion o he isk, (ii)
Add essing he con eyance uno wa e pipelines capaci y issues, (iii) Inc easing en i onmen al
awa eness o emission load o ecipien and g oundwa e , and mi iga ion o he load caused by he
uno , (i ) Inc easing accessibili y o da a o all s akeholde s ia eal- ime moni o ing and no el da a, ( )
Facili a ion imp o emen o he choice o al e na i e op ions, e.g., g een in as uc u e, ( i) Inc ease
awa eness o s akeholde s on clima e change impac s on local le el and egion.
Table 1 p esen s p oblem s a emen s and how hey a e ela ed o he solu ions demons a ed.
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Table 1 P oblem de ini ions and objec i es in ela ion o solu ions demons a ed.
P oblem de ini ion and objec i es
URB
SWMM
CAF
CEI
• Inc eased lood isk due o inc eased ain all and empe a u e
in win e and sp ing: u ban su ace uno and lood
mi iga ion, mi iga ion o he isk
x
x
x
• Inc ease o peak e en s in p ecipi a ion: add essing he
con eyance uno wa e pipelines capaci y issues
x
x
• En i onmen al assessmen o emission load o ecipien
lake and g oundwa e caused by uno and in il a ion:
inc easing awa eness, mi iga ion o he load
x
x
x
• Adap a ion ele an da a and in o ma ion a ailabili y o
all s akeholde s: imp o emen o p esen s a e ia eal-
ime moni o ing and no el da a
x
x
x
• Facili a ion o he choice o al e na i e op ions, e.g.,
g een in as uc u e: inc ease awa eness o s akeholde s
x
x
x
x
• Clima e change impac s in his egion: Inc ease
awa eness o s akeholde s ia empi ical da a and
o ecas s om eliable sou ces.
x
x
Geog aphical desc ip ion
Lappeen an a (61-06°N, 28-19 °E) is a Finnish ci y wi h a popula ion o 73000 co e ing an a ea o 1,724
km2 si ua ed in he egion o ‘Sou h Ka elia’ (aka. E elä-Ka jala) on he sou h-eas e n on ie o Finland,
30 kilome es away om he Russian bo de (Figu e 4). The ci y is loca ed on he sho es o Lake Saimaa,
which is he bigges lake in Finland and he ou h bigges lake o Eu ope. The ci y’s main wa e in ake is
he lake wa e , which a decade ago was pollu ed by he p oli e a ion o algae. Since, wa e conse a ion
has been a majo a ea o in e es o he ci y. Acco ding o he la es na ional wa e quali y classi ica ion
(Finnish En i onmen Ins i u e, 2019), he wa e quali y o he Wes e n Saimaa is ai o in e media e.
The objec i e is good ecological s a us.

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Figu e 4 Lappeen an a’s bounda ies wi hin Sou h Ka elia in ela ion o he map o Finland
The ci y cen e is loca ed on he Fi s Salpausselkä idge, which is an ice-ma ginal o ma ion laid down by
he las Ice Age. Salpausselkä is mainly o med o sand and g a el and holds massi e ese es o high-
quali y g oundwa e .
Acco ding o he Köppen clima e classi ica ion, Finland has a con inen al suba c ic/bo eal clima e and
Lappeen an a has a sou he n-bo eal clima e. The ci y’s clima e is in luenced by Salpausselkä, he lake
a eas o Saimaa and Laa okka (in Russia) and he Gul o Finland.
Typical o he ci y’s clima e a e ou dis inc seasons, each season las ing app oxima ely h ee mon hs. In
Lappeen an a, win e is longe han summe . P ecipi a ion has an annual a e age o 614 millime es o
which 40-50 % usually alls as snow. The snow co e ypically mel s in Ap il and May which can con ibu e
o looding. In his con ex i is impo an o unde line ha he mel wa e s a e ecognised o consis o
la ge amoun s o nu ien s and hea y me als. These subs ances a e mainly om p e en ion o icy oads
and ya ds, and om ehicles, which a e mo e pollu ing in win e due o co osion caused by oad sal . In
addi ion, he ain o mel ing snow washes wi h i pollu ion om all o he impe meable su aces, such as
oo s o cons uc ion a eas.
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges
Fo Lappeen an a, he Key Communi y Sys ems (KCS) ha we ocus on a e wa e managemen and u ban
planning. Lappeen an a demons a o will be implemen ing solu ions o adap o CC in hese KCS
desc ibed in mo e de ail below:
I- WATER MANAGEMENT
Clima e change impac s on wa e in Lappeen an a could c ea e new wa e - ela ed challenges and
exace ba e exis ing ones in ligh o changing ain all seasonali y, clima e a iabili y and ex eme wea he
e en s. This is likely o ha e a se ies o ami ica ions on a ange o economic sec o s ha depend and ely
on wa e such as ou ism, indus y, ag icul u e, among o he s. No o men ion, wa e quali y could be
a ec ed as hea y ain all could lead o he dilu ion o pollu ed wa e , which makes ea ing i mo e
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challenging and equi es mo e cos ly and ene gy-in ensi e echnologies. The e o e, add essing wa e
issues and ensu ing a sound wa e managemen is c ucial o he ci y o Lappeen an a.
II- URBAN PLANNING
As he ci y o Lappeen an a is one o he majo u ban cen es in he Saimaa egion, u ban planning needs
o conside and adap o clima e change. Wa e om mel ing snow and lood wa e b ing con aminan s
(e.g., oils, chemicals, mic oplas ics, as well as o ganic and solid ma e s) which a e likely o dec ease he
quali y o wa e in he ci y and he lake. An adap i e u ban planning could be a key o sol e hese issues
and imp o e he li ing condi ions o Lappeen an a’s ci izens.
The possible ulne abili ies and challenges caused by clima e change in Lappeen an a key communi y
sys ems was e alua ed in he T ans o mA pa hways wo kshop by he s akeholde s. Figu e 5 summa ises
he clima e change p ojec ions o Lappeen an a egion (PIK 2022). I is o be expec ed ha he win e s
will be milde bu we e , which will cause mo e load on he u ban d ainage sys em. In he win e ime
he ozen soil is no so pe meable , so looding is expec ed o inc ease. Fu he mo e, clima e change is
p ojec ed o inc ease he numbe o hea y ain e en s, ha can su pass he capaci y o he u ban
d ainage sys em.
Figu e 5 Summa y o clima e p ojec ions o he Ci y o Lappeen an a (Sou ce: PIK p esen a ion du ing he WS 2)
Based on hese clima e p ojec ions, haza ds and ulne abili ies we e assessed in he pa hways wo kshop.
The isk chains ha ha e been de eloped in he wo kshop a e p esen ed in Figu e 6 and Figu e 4. The
inc eased ain all p ojec ions and he insu icien capaci y o he s o mwa e pipe ne wo k leads o
inc eased looding isk and mo e ha m ul subs ances in he s o mwa e .
In ligh o clima e change, some oppo uni ies may a ise a he scale o Lappeen an a, including he
inc ease o wa e a ailabili y as well as an inc ease in o es g ow h, c op yields and he po en ial o
ou ism due o milde wea he condi ions. This is impo an o unde line as adap a ion is no solely abou
inc easing he esilience o he e i o y in he ace o shocks and s esses bu also en ails p o i ing om
oppo uni ies ha a e likely o a ise (Bu ch & Ha is, 2014).
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Figu e 6 Risk chain o he sec o o Wa e managemen o he Ci y o Lappeen an a
Simila ly, a isk chain was c ea ed o he u ban planning KCS and is p esen ed in Figu e 7. This assessmen
gi es simila isks, bu om a di e en pe spec i e. Flooding is s ill seen as one o he main isks wi h he
addi ion o d ough s.
Figu e 7 Risk chain o he sec o o U ban planning o he Ci y o Lappeen an a
S a e-o - he-a on adap a ion in he demons a o
Adap a ion policy in he demons a o
Finland’s Na ional S a egy (2005), he Na ional Clima e Change Adap ion plan 2022 , Flood Risk
Managemen Ac (No. 620/2010), and Land use and Building Dec ee enac ed unde he Land use and
Building Ac (132/1999) o m he g ound o Ci y o Lappeen an a clima e s a egy. As summa ised in he
Finnish coun y iche o he EU adap a ion p epa edness sco eboa d, he NAP s esses ha
municipali ies ensu e he in eg a ion o clima e p oo ing e iews in o he planning o eme gency
p epa edness and secu i y o supplies. The NAP equi es he join egional o ices (ELY-keskus) o he
Minis y o Employmen and Economy, he Minis y o En i onmen , he Minis y o T anspo and
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Communica ions and he Minis y o Ag icul u e and Fo es y o guide municipali ies in boos ing clima e
esilience.
As u he ou lined in he Finnish coun y iche, in 2017, he majo i y o Finnish municipali ies
implemen ed ac ion on clima e change adap a ion. By he end o 2015, egional lood isk managemen
plans we e published o e e y signi ican lood isk a ea (21 a eas) and implemen a ion o iden i ied
measu es is ongoing. The NAP u he seeks o in eg a e adap a ion mul i-sec o ally on a mul i-ac o
basis. Mo eo e , adap a ion is also aken in o accoun in he Clima e Ac (which was also app o ed in
2015). The Clima e Ac main ains ha na ional au ho i ies need o p omo e he NAP in hei ac ions,
including - bu no limi ed o - land use, buildings and cons uc ion, en i onmen al p o ec ion and he
use and managemen o wa e esou ces. Resea ch and communica ion a e also highligh ed as necessa y
o complemen hese ac ions.
The clima e p og amme o he ci y o Lappeen an a o 2021-2030 o ms he basis o he ca bon
neu ali y a ge by 2030 and i s long- e m emission educ ion a ge s. The clima e p og amme is
de eloped based on he epo ing model o Co enan o Mayo s o Clima e & Ene gy (CoM), and as a
esul he Sus ainable Ene gy and Clima e Ac ion Plan (SECAP) is c ea ed and epo ed o he Co enan
o Mayo s o Clima e & Ene gy epo ing pla o m. The ci y o Lappeen an a commi ed o conduc
SECAP when joining he Co enan o Mayo s in 2016. The isks and ulne abili y o clima e change as well
as adap a ion o possible isks we e assessed o he clima e p og amme, and he isk and ulne abili y
assessmen s we e ca ied ou using an Indica o -based Vulne abili y Assessmen me hod. Expe s om
di e en o ganisa ions o he ci y o Lappeen an a and closely ela ed companies (e.g., ene gy supply)
ook pa in wo kshops on isk assessmen and ulne abili ies. The assessed adap a ion ac ions a e closely
connec ed wi h he new clima e p og am 2021-2030 and a e epo ed o he Co enan o Mayo s
pla o m. The implemen a ion o he clima e p og amme o 2021-2030 is ollowed yea ly h ough he
Ilmas o ah i websi e. The implemen a ion and ollow-up ac ions a e connec ed o he Clima e
p og amme o he ci y o Lappeen an a.
The Ci y s a egy (LPR2037) se s ou i s long- e m ope a ional and inancial objec i es Acco ding o he
Ci y s a egy land use planning should aim o ensu e ha s o mwa e managemen conside s he s a us
and quali y o wa e bodies whe e s o mwa e is discha ged. In he s a egy i is encou aged o use a
wide ange o me hods o managing s o mwa e and inc easing he use o NBS and on-si e solu ions.
The cons uc ion o a new s o mwa e d ainage sys em should be minimised.
A s o mwa e managemen plan (Ramboll Finland Oy, 2021) was de eloped o he ci y o Lappeen an a
o p e en p oblems caused by s o mwa e , such as lood damage and wa e pollu ion, and o main ain
he na u al wa e cycle, such as he wa e e en ion and g oundwa e echa ge. The aim is also o manage
s o mwa e as cos -e ec i ely as possible. The s o mwa e managemen plan unde lines he impo ance
o p omo ing s o mwa e managemen conside a ion a all s ages o de elopmen and cons uc ion (i.e.,
land use planning, building con ol and main enance). The plan di ec s cons uc ion and design and
p o ides guidance on a ca chmen -by-ca chmen basis and o each land use ype.
The ci y o Lappeen an a has p ojec s and p og ammes o inc ease biodi e si y in he u ban en i onmen ,
such as Meadow ne wo k p ojec which, in addi ion o p o ec ing biodi e si y, encou ages esiden s o
pa icipa e in he design o hei li ing en i onmen , and a Biodi e si y p og amme 2023-2033 which
b ings oge he measu es o p o ec na u e alues and aims o imp o e he ci y's p ac ices o become
mo e ecologically sus ainable and espond o he global na u e challenge.
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Figu e 12. P inciple o he Ci izen app and connec ions wi h S ee AI and exis ing eedback sys ems in bo h Lappeen an a and
Gjø ik.
Ci izen app allows use s o ge up- o-da e in o ma ion on ai quali y, wea he , s o mwa e quali y,
s o mwa e d ainage sys em looding and ongoing s ee wo ks, among o he hings. Un il now such
in o ma i NTNU on has no been a ailable o ci izens, excep o wea he da a. Ano he impo an
elemen is gi ing eedback. Since he ci y al eady has an exis ing eedback sys em ha also allows sending
pic u es o conce ns, he app's eedback will be in eg a ed in o he exis ing sys em as shown in Figu e 12.
The app suppo s o he implemen a ions o he demons a o by linking NBS and SWMM oge he and
sha ing his in o ma ion wi h he ci izens. The solu ion is in line wi h he ci y s a egy whe e i is s a ed
ha coope a ion wi h ci izens and o he s akeholde s is one o he alues o be espec ed.
CEI (Choice expe imen )
CEI: Addi ionally, LAPP will also conduc choice expe imen s o he s o mwa e managemen sys em (in
T4.4) upscaling. The ou come will be models o in eg a ing knowledge on s akeholde p e e ences o
clima e adap a ion and ela ed se ices in o he design o new policy ins umen s and business models
and he co-design and es policy ools as pa o new adap a ion s anda ds join ly wi h s akeholde s,
h ough beha iou al economic expe imen s in he di e en egions. Fo his speci ic case, he Gjø ik
municipali y will ha e 2 ield ips o ollow he implemen a ion o such solu ions o o esee a po en ial
eplica ion.
Choice expe imen is conduc ed bo h in Finland and in No way ocusing on s akeholde s. The choice
expe imen p o ides in o ma ion abou ci izens awa eness and willingness o pay o NBS solu ions.
Ini ially, he su ey was o be add essed o in es o s bu due o challenges ci y o Lappeen an a is acing
in implemen ing s o mwa e managemen measu es in p i a e land (see 4.3) and o e laps be ween CEI
and o he choice expe imen s implemen ed in T ans o mA , such as T5.3.2, i was decided o ocus on
ci izens, especially p i a e plo owne s.
The ou come o he CEI should p o ide models on s akeholde p e e ences o clima e adap a ion and
ela ed se ices, and co-design o policy ins umen s and business models wi h s akeholde s hough
in eg a ion o hei p e e ences.
Acco ding o he ci y’s S o mwa e managemen plan p i a e landowne s a e equi ed o manage
s o mwa e in hei own ya ds as a p ima y me hod o s o mwa e managemen be o e i is discha ged
o s o mwa e sewe s. So a , hese sys ems, bo h NBS and unde g ound s o mwa e s o age solu ions,

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ha e mainly been ins alled on public buildings such as schools, la ge pa king lo s and o example on
apa men building si es. The ci y has had di icul ies in implemen ing his pa o he S o mwa e
managemen plan, as he s o mwa e sewe age ne wo k co e s almos he en i e ci y, he e is no
s o mwa e ee and i has been easie and in p inciple less expensi e o landowne s o connec o he
s o mwa e d ainage sys em han o ca y ou he measu es on hei own land and a hei own expense.
The esul s o CEI a e expec ed o be use ul in add essing his challenge.
Desc ip ion o he expec ed inno a ions
P e iously ou di e en solu ions and how hey complemen each o he and i he o e all s a egy o
he demons a o . Each o he solu ions is expec ed o p oduce some new in o ma ion o inno a ion o
he demons a o and hen be dis ibu ed o a wide audience. As each solu ion has di e en expec ed
inno a ions in di e en ields, hese ha e been collec ed Table . In some ields he inno a ions s e ch
ac oss di e en solu ions, indica ing ha combining in o ma ion om di e en solu ions esul s in he
desi ed inno a ion.
Table 4. Expec ed inno a ions.
Aspec s o inno a ion and added alue
URB
SWMM
CAF
CEI
Technical o echnological inno a ion
• Combining NBS implemen a ion o s ee eno a ions
• Assess pe o mance o NBS o ea s o m wa e
• U iliza ion o senso s o moni o s o m wa e
• U iliza ion o public came as o es ima e p ecipi a ion
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Inno a ion on moni o ing
• Combining in o ma ion om labo a o y samples and eal
ime measu emen s o e alua e o example nu ien
concen a ions in he s o mwa e s.
• Flooding and d ainage capaci y moni o ing
• U iliza ion o came as in p ecipi a ion es ima ion
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Inno a ion o ci y planning
• Dis ibu ed s o mwa e managemen
• No el and eal- ime in o ma ion om choices, hei
e ec s and ci izen willingness
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Awa eness on clima e change and egional e ec s o ci izens
X
X
These possible inno a ions a e p esen ed he e as qui e gene al concep s, as many o he solu ions a e
no comple ed ye and how well he expec ed inno a ions a e acqui ed is no known. Howe e , all ou
solu ions ha e no el y o he ci y o Lappeen an a. Fo example, he NBS solu ion is he i s o be buil
and inno a ions ega ding how building should be done and planned ha e al eady been gained.
The measu emen campaign has he po en ial o p o ide plen y o no el inno a ions. Fi s ly, moni o ing
he NBS solu ion in eal ime and calib a ing he da a wi h labo a o y analyzed samples. Secondly
ollowing he wa e olumes in he s o mwa e d ains and combining ha da a wi h p ecipi a ion
es ima es gained om public came a image y c ea es a new way o moni o he capaci y o he d ainage
sys em and po en ially gi e wa nings abou lood isks. Fu he mo e, he p ocessed da a and eal ime
in o ma ion abou wa e quali y can be dis ibu ed o he public h ough ci izen applica ion o inc ease
awa eness o clima e change adap a ion.
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3.3.Expec ed impac s
O e iew o he expec ed impac s
The expec ed impac s o solu ions demons a ed a e desc ibed in Table 5. All ou solu ions can be
expec ed o ha e an impac on lood ulne abili y, and social accep ance o accep ance in ci y planning.
CAF and CEI can ha e long- e m e ec s on wa e quali y. Howe e , in CAF and CEI he impac is no
measu ed wi h indica o s due o he na u e o he impac . URB wi h moni o ing sys em, and he in luen
oge he wi h he g oundwa e will be analyzed. This empi ical in o ma ion can be u ilized oge he wi h
exis ing wa e quali y o ecipien lake and we lands o e alua e he impac s. Economic assessmen and
impac s in his ame will be done ia empi ical cos es ima es and compa ing o al e na i e solu ions
ypically applied in Lappeen an a. Tables 5. and 6. desc ibe he expec ed impac s and he indica o s in
de ail.
Table 5. Expec ed impac s o he ou solu ions.
Expec ed impac
URB
SWMM
CAF
CEI
Flood Vulne abili y
• Ga he ing uno (s o mwa e ) om s ee s and leading
hem o bio il a ion will help ee capaci y om d ainage
and mi iga e lood and d ough isks.
x
• Moni o ing olume lows and su ace le els p o ides no el
in o ma ion and wa nings.
x
• Dis ibu ed s o mwa e managemen mi iga e lood isks
x
x
x
• Real ime es ima es o p ecipi a ion ia came as p o ide
local es ima es and wa nings
x
x
Wa e Quali y
• Real ime moni o ing o URB oge he wi h labo a o y
measu emen s p o ides in o ma ion on uno and
g oundwa e quali y.
x
• Bio il e ing ield u ilizes nu ien s and il e s u ban
emissions
x
Accep ance
• Ci y planning gain no el in o ma ion o suppo decision
making and planning
x
x
x
x
• Ci izen's awa eness o en i onmen al e ec s o uno and
choices o mi iga ing he isks and impac s inc ease
x
x
x
Economic Cos s
• Solu ion cos s a e compa ed o adi ional al e na i es and
e lec ed o bene i s expec ed.
x
x
x
x
Selec ed indica o s
The expec ed impac s o he ou solu ions will be desc ibed wi h indices and me ics shown in Table 5.
The indica o s o URB and SWMM a e mos ly calcula ed om he moni o ed wa e quali ies and
measu ed lows, wi h calib a ion om he labo a o y analyses. In addi ion p io in o ma ion and
p ojec ed in o ma ion o example on he ain e en s a e u ilized o cons uc he indica o s. The CAF
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solu ion is mainly aimed o p o ide in o ma ion o ci izens o he a ea, so mos o he indica o s will be
de e mined om he use engagemen .
Table 6. The longlis o indica o s. Solu ion T4.3.2 URB (NBS), T4.4.1 SWMM (NBS and digi al solu ions),
Solu ion T4.1.2 CAF (Ci izen applica ion) and T4.5.3 CEI (Choice expe imen ) indica o s o expec ed
impac s wi h uni s.
To assess he e ec i eness o implemen ed solu ions and moni o hei p og ess, a ailo ed se o Key
Pe o mance Indica o s (KPIs) has been de ined o each demons a o . The KPIs p o ide quan i iable
e idence on he echnical, en i onmen al, and social pe o mance o he deployed solu ions. They a e
aligned wi h he o e a ching T ans o mA objec i es and e lec he speci ic con ex , da a a ailabili y,
and impac logic in each loca ion.
The ollowing ables lis he selec ed KPI o Lappeen an a. Each indica o includes a desc ip ion, i s
sou ce o me hod o measu emen , associa ed solu ion(s), and hema ic ele ance (e.g. heal h,
in as uc u e, en i onmen al sus ainabili y). The KPIs a e ca ego ized by he na u e o impac and a e
designed o suppo ex pos e alua ion, policy planning, and communi y awa eness ini ia i es.
Table 6. O e iew o Key Pe o mance Indica o s (KPI)
Solu ion
Expec ed
impac
Key
Pe o ma
nce
Indica o
s (KPIs)
Sou ce/M
easu em
en
App oach
Na u e-Based S o mwa e Solu ion
Reduc ion
in
looding
e en s.
Mi iga ing
d ough
isk.
Reduc ion
in peak
uno
le els (%)
Real- ime
moni o in
g ia
senso s
Imp o ed
wa e
quali y,
inc eased
knowledg
e o main
wa e
quali y
pa ame e
s.
Wa e
quali y
imp o em
en s
(pollu an
educ ion
%)
Real- ime
moni o in
g ia
senso s
and wa e
sampling
campaign
s
Mi iga ing
lood isk.
Inc ease
in
s o mwa
Real- ime
moni o in
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e
e en ion
capaci y
g ia
senso s
S o mwa e Moni o ing
Inc eased
knowledg
e and
awa enes
s o key
s akehold
e s. Ci y
planning
gain no el
in o ma i
on o
suppo
decision
making
and
planning.
Numbe
o
moni o in
g senso s
ins alled
Senso
deployme
n
acking
Imp o ed
knowledg
e o lood
isk.
Real- ime
da a
accu acy
and
eliabili y
(%)
Da a
e i ica io
n &
models
Da a om
app
Ci izen App
Ci izen's
engagem
en
Numbe
o ci izen
epo s
submi ed
App
analy ics
and
su eys
Ci izen's
awa enes
s o
en i onm
en al
e ec s o
uno and
choices
o
mi iga ing
he isks
and
impac s
inc ease
Use
engagem
en
me ics
(logins,
eedback
p o ided)
Inc eased
knowledg
e and
awa enes
Imp o em
en in
communi
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s o key
s akehold
e s a
di e en
le els
(public
and
p i a e
sec o s,
economic
ca ego ie
s,
ci izens,
e c.)
y
awa enes
s on lood
isk (%)
Choice Expe imen
No way
:1000
esponde
n s
Finland:
1013
esponde
n s
Su ey
analysis
and
economic
modeling
This
esea ch
p o ides
aluable
insigh s
in o how
o
encou ag
e p i a e
in es me
n s in
s o mwa
e
managem
en
(SWM) o
add ess
u ban
looding
isks. I
will e eal
esiden s'
p e e enc
e o he
SWM
measu es
. These
indings
can help
policyma
ke s
Finland
exhibi s a
highe
WTP o
isk
educ ion
(up o
€4,820 o
a 75% isk
educ ion
), while
No way
shows a
s onge
p e e enc
e o
uno
educ ion
(up o
€3550 pe
househol
d o a
50%
uno
educ ion
).
Aes he ic
imp o em
en s a e
alued
mo e in

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design
mo e
e ec i e
incen i es
and SWM
s a egies
ha align
wi h
esiden s’
p e e enc
es,
p omo in
g b oade
adop ion,
which will
p omo e
he
collec i e
ac ions
om
ci izens
and
imp o ing
u ban
lood
esilience
.
Finland
(€1,257)
han in
No way
(€615).
No e: The KPI able o Lappeen an a includes speci ic me ics o each solu ion (URB, SWMM, CAF, CEI),
aligned wi h clima e adap a ion goals. These include indica o s such as educ ion in s o mwa e uno
olume, usage a e o he CAF app, beha io al shi s based on CEI ou comes, and g een in as uc u e
e ec i eness. KPIs a e measu ed agains baseline condi ions es ablished in 2023 and will be assessed
pe iodically h ough 2025. All indica o s we e selec ed o hei con ibu ion o measu ing combined
ecological and communi y esilience. The o iginally p oposed pe o mance indica o —compa ison o
lood- ela ed ou comes wi h and wi hou p edic i e analy ics—was no applicable due o he absence o
an ac ual lood e en du ing he NBS ins alla ion and ope a ion phase. Consequen ly, eal-wo ld da a
o di ec causal compa ison could no be cap u ed wi hin he ime ame o he p ojec .
Baseline da a
Gene a ion o o icial and local knowledge in Lappeen an a egion is suppo ed by h ee main ins i u es:
The Finnish Me eo ological Ins i u e, The Flood Cen e o he Finnish En i onmen Ins i u e and Finnish
Me eo ological Ins i u e (es ablished in 2014) and The Finnish En i onmen Ins i u e (SYKE).3
SYKE is p incipally in cha ge o collec ing in o ma ion on loods and hei impac s. SYKE also coo dina es
ac ion o he Finnish Long-Te m Socio-Ecological ne wo k (FinLTSER) ne wo k which ga he s esea che s
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and scien is s wo king on ela ed socio-ecological issues on pla o ms ep esen ing he majo ecosys ems
such as ma ine, e es ial, lake, sub-a c ic and u ban se ings.
SYKE has c ea ed a na ionwide s o mwa e lood isk map o help municipali ies be e iden i y lood isks
om ainwa e and mel wa e in u ban and buil -up a eas. The map has been upda ed o e lec he
ac ual si ua ion, including he addi ion o d ains o channel s o mwa e , o example unde oads. The
lood isk map shows lood wa e co e age and dep h o wo ain all e en s; a e y hea y ain all e en
ha s a is ically occu s once e e y 100 yea s and a much less equen hea y ain all e en .
The ci y o Lappeen an a has a hyd aulic and hyd ological model co e ing he en i e s o mwa e d ainage
ne wo k, including ca chmen a eas and hei cha ac e is ics. The model allows o an analysis o he
cu en ne wo k capaci y and calcula ed o e low and looding si ua ions, as well as o design ea men
me hods o s o mwa e based on he cha ac e is ics o he a ea. The model will be used o assess impac
o he solu ions on he capaci y o he s o mwa e d ainage sys em. In Figu e 13 is p esen ed he baseline
da a o URB om hyd aulic and hyd ological model. The amoun o s o m wa e and he low a es a e
calcula ed on he basis o he design guide in S o mwa e managemen plan. P ecipi a ion is 260 l/s/ha
and du a ion o ain all 5 minu es.
Figu e 13. Baseline da a o URB be o e implemen ing he NBS (in g een colo ).
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The ci y o Lappeen an a has access o a cloud-based s ee and ci y in o ma ion sys em S ee AI which
collec s, analyses, displays and dis ibu es in o ma ion abou ci y and a ic en i onmen s. S ee AI also
has in o ma ion abou e.g. local wea he and ai empe a u e, which i needed, can be combined wi h
he measu ed da a and in o ma ion abou un-o and lood wa e s. The aim is o u ilize his exis ing
sys em o da a collec ion and analysis in T ans o mA .
In 2008, he G oup o Adap a ion o Clima e Change was o med o moni o and p omo e he
implemen a ion o he adap a ion s a egy. The Moni o ing G oup on Clima e Change Adap a ion was
o med in 2015 o con inue his wo k, including go e nmen al o icials om he P ime Minis e ’s O ice
and he ele an minis ies, agencies, egional and local ac o s, esea ch ins i u es, i e and escue
se ices, and inancial se ices. The moni o ing g oup implemen s, ollows-up and aises awa eness on
he NAP, bu also seeks o encou age collabo a ion be ween ele an ac o s o p omo e ac ion on
adap a ion.
The Clima e Ac s a es ha he implemen a ion o he NAP is o be moni o ed and epo ed o Pa liamen
e e y elec o al e m ( his epo ing is included in he annual clima e epo as well).
Main da abases a ailable
• Recipien wa e quali y: He a (SYKE, Finnish En i onmen al Ins i u e)
• G een Reali y Lappeen an a da abases o uno wa e quali y.
• P ecipi a ion, dep h o snow, empe a u e, humidi y: Finnish Me ological ins i u e da abase and
moni o ing s a ions.
• Ci y planning da a bases o spa ial use, and d ainage sys ems
Desc ip ion o a ailable da a o comple e he da a p o ided by he p ojec
• Flood Vulne abili y: P ecipi a ion imese ies (cm/day) in Me eo ological Ins i u e da abase. Ci y
planning da abase o pa ed su aces. Hyd ological models o lows o d ainage sys em.
• Wa e Quali y: Wa e quali y in se e al we lands moni o ed 2-4 imes annually. Resea ch
campaigns wi h weekly quali y and low es ima es. Sho eal- ime quali y campaigns. Recipien
wa e body quali y sampled by Saimaa wa e associa ion 4 imes annually, and wi h a eal- ime
s a ion.
• Accep ance: Ci y s a egy; G een eali y and ci y planning p ojec s; Public egional e en s o
ci izens held in ci y o Lappeen an a.
• Economic Cos s: In es men and main enance cos s o main al e na i e solu ions applied in
Lappeen an a.
App oach o moni o impac s
App oaches o moni o he impac s a e solu ion sensi i e, and me hodologies a y. Fo example, URB
(NBS Kouluka u) impac o Flood Vulne abili y is de ined ia empi ical eal- ime wa e in luen and
p ecipi a ion in he ca chmen a ea. These o m he baseline es ima ion ha can be p esen ed as m3/h
o as cumula i e sum o annually cap u ed uno olume. The eal ime p ecipi a ion is a ailable a
Me ological ins i u e da abase, o i can be es ima ed ia public came as. Simila ly, in o ma ion is gained
om selec ed manholes o d ainage sys em. Flow olume and su ace heigh in manholes a e measu ed
wi h senso s. This will p o ide in o ma ion o ci y planning on lood isks, and esul s will be compa ed
and comple ed wi h he exis ing hyd aulic and hyd ological models. Moni o ing SWMM also p o ides
es ima es ia ideo came as on p ecipi a ion. This in o ma ion can be dis ibu ed ia CAF o ci izens.
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Howe e , he main indica o and impac o CAF and CEI a e engagemen s o ci izens and ci y planne s
ha show accep ance o new NBS echnologies. Figu e 14 illus a es moni o ing scheme o solu ions o
Flood Vulne abili y.
Figu e 14 O e iew o main me hods applied in desc ibing solu ions impac s o lood ulne abili y.
Impac s o wa e quali y a e de ined in solu ions URB and SWMM. Figu e 15 isualizes main me hods.
The undamen al idea is o measu e eal- ime da a wi h limi ed numbe senso s. This se o senso s does
no include di ec measu emen s o nu ien s o pH due o he du abili y and main enance cos s o he
senso s. Ins ead, hese wa e quali y pa ame e s a e measu ed in he labo a o y om in luen and
g oundwa e samples. Models aking accoun he low a e (expec ed dilu ion), u bidi y and conduc i i y
will be applied o es ima e he emission load (kg/a) o imp o emen (%). Es ima ion will include
compa ison o uno wa e cap u ed o g oundwa e il e ed h ough he bio il e ield and ecipien lake
wa e . The goal is o keep he models as simple as possible. Fo mos o he desc ibed analyses di e en
eg ession models can be applied. The labo a o y analyzed samples p o ide a way o calib a e and
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Figu e 16 - Gene al map o he Gul o O is ano

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The sou he n we lands o he Gul a e he Ma ceddì-San Gio anni lagoon compendium, which appea s
as a deep ma ine inle a i icially sepa a ed om he sea by a ishpond b idge and di ided in o wo
di e en we lands: he Ma ceddì lagoon (900 ha), close o he sea wi h b ackish wa e , and he in e nal
pond o San Gio anni (700 ha), cha ac e ized by eshwa e inpu s om he i e s Rio Mogo o, Rio
Mannu, Rio Si ze i, and om some a i icial canals.
The su ounding e i o y is domina ed by he ag icul u al plain o A bo ea on he no h-eas side, an
expanse o egula ields bo de ed by he eclama ion in as uc u e (canals and oads), while o he wes
i is su ounded by he moun ainous complex o Mon e A cuen u. The ishing ac i i ies in he Ma ceddì-
San Gio anni lagoon a e managed by he Conso ium Coop. Riuni e della pesca di Ma ceddì. The
concession, g an ed by he Au onomous Region o Sa dinia unde he ac ep. 1082/98 da ed 07/07/1998,
is cu en ly enewed. Co e ing an a ea o 2610 ha, he ishing ope a ions in ol e a ound 140 ope a o s.
Hyd aulic in e en ions ca ied ou in ecen decades ha e signi ican ly al e ed he o iginal s uc u e o
he en i e we land sys em. These modi ica ions ha e dis up ed he na u al wa e exchange condi ions
be ween ma ine and eshwa e en i onmen s, leading o changes in he ecological condi ions o he
a ea due o sedimen discha ge in o he wa e and impac ing on he ongoing ishing ac i i ies.
Figu e 17 - Zoom on he we land o he NBS implemen a ion
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Figu e 21 - Ex eme looding e en in he
a ea
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges
Sa dinia is a loca ed in he cen e o he Medi e anean egion, and acco ding o EEA (2017), is likely o
be impac ed by se e al clima e o ces ha include, among o he s: sea le el ise, an inc ease o maximum
empe a u es and hea wa es especially du ing summe ; long d ough pe iods in e up ed by hea y and
ex eme ain all e en s leading o se e e loods, and ex eme s o m e en s causing coas al looding.
D ough s du ing summe a e o en associa ed wi h g ea e wa e demand om di e en compe ing
sec o s, leading o in e -sec o ial con lic s and unsus ainable o e exploi a ion o wa e esou ces.
Consequences o se e e d ough s ha e been pa icula ly ele an wi h isks o limi ed eshwa e
supplies and he incu ence o la ge i es a ec ing no only o es ecosys ems, bu also u al/u ban
in e aces and he inc ease o coas al e osion isk and dese i ica ion. Flooding is a pa icula ly c ucial isk
no only endange ing human li e and in as uc u es, bu also causing soil e osion and he anspo o
con aminan s om indus ial, mining and ag icul u e ields o na u al and especially aqua ic ecosys ems.
Changes in clima ic condi ions can al e ag icul u al p oduc i i y, in e ms o quan i y and quali y o
ag icul u al p oduc s, wa e supply and he hyd ological egime, wi h implica ions o wa e esou ces
a ailabili y. Inc eases in i iga ion equi emen s a e expec ed o he main c ops cul i a ed in Sa dinia
Figu e 20 - Fishpond b idge ha sepa a es
Ma ceddì we land om he sea
Figu e 18 - Landscape o he Ma ceddi
We land
Figu e 19 - Landscape o he Ma ceddi
We land
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because o clima e change. Mo eo e , wa e demand inc eases could de i e om socio-economic
changes ( ou ism, ag i- ood, and ex ile sec o s, ene gy plan s, ag icul u al se lemen s), u baniza ion and
li es yle changes, causing a se ious conce n.
Focusing on he Gul o O is ano, he coas al a ea aces a signi ican h ea om inland looding, especially
du ing ex eme ain all e en s combined wi h ma ine s o ms. This endange s he popula ion,
in as uc u e, and he local economic ac i i ies.
The Gul is cha ac e ized by i s low-lying a eas, which make i highly ulne able o he impac s o ising
sea le els, coas al and inland looding. Despi e he high suscep ibili y o low-lying coas al zones o hese
haza ds, he o e all ulne abili y o he egion is mi iga ed by he obus ecosys em heal h and e icien
d ainage densi y, enhancing i s esilience.
Gi en he in luence o clima e change on he Gul 's wa e sys em and cu en pa e ns, an inc ease in
wa e empe a u e in all seasons, a decline o win e salini y, pH le els d opping (acidi ica ion), and an
inc ease in he p esence o non-na i e species, among o he e ec s. Looking ahead o he medium o
long e m (50 o 100 yea s), he e is a likelihood o ce ain coas al lagoons disappea ing due o ising sea
le els. These changes will ha e ad e se e ec s on he local lo a and auna and he dis ibu ion o ishing
s ocks, pa icula ly conce ning comme cially ele an aqua ic o ganisms. The ull ex en o hese impac s
on local socio-economic condi ions emains di icul o p edic .
The adi ional aquacul u e ac i i ies a e and will be signi ican ly impac ed by he ex eme ain all e en s
ha dis up he balance be ween sal wa e and eshwa e in he lagoons, causing sedimen deposi s
ha impede wa e ci cula ion. The al e a ion o pa ame e s such as salini y, Ph, dissol ed oxygen,
u bidi y is linked o a change in he s a e o he ecosys em and a dec ease in ish s ocks. The al e a ion
o he wa e quali y can inc ease he p esence and p oli e a ion o in asi e species which pose a h ea
o na i e species and educe ecosys em se ices.
The solu ions implemen ed wi hin he T ans o mA p ojec ocus on h ee Key Communi y Sys ems:
Wa e Sys ems, Na u e Conse a ion, and ishe ies, which a e ulne able o clima e impac s and a e
s ic ly ela ed and posi i ely in luenced by COAST and SG.
The condi ions o biodi e si y and habi a s, al eady a ec ed by in ensi e land use ac i i ies (ag icul u e,
animal husband y, indus y, and mining), along wi h he hyd aulic e iciency o he we lands and i e
dynamics, a e se e ely impac ed by clima e haza ds such as coas al and inland looding, coas al e osion,
we land and g oundwa e saliniza ion.
Coas al ecep o s, including beaches, i e mou hs, we lands, e es ial biological sys ems, and
p o ec ed a eas, a e all a ec ed by habi a deg ada ion, biodi e si y loss, and he eme gence o alien and
in asi e species. Mo eo e , al e a ions in wa e quali y in luence ish s ocks, leading o a educ ion in
ishe men's income. Ex ended d ough pe iods could lead o inc eased wa e demand om wells o ,
whe e possible, a eques o public wa e , which would hen inc ease cos s o a me s.
Based on his in o ma ion he Risk componen s (haza ds, exposu e, ulne abili y) we e assessed in he
pa hways wo kshop. Wha ha e been highligh ed by he pa icipan s is ha he main d i e s ela ed o
clima e change a e he inc ease o empe a u es and he changes in p ecipi a ion pa e ns, appea ing as
a gene al educ ion o he ainy season and a concen a ion o hea y p ecipi a ion in sho pe iods. These
d i e s a e gene a ing impac s such as looding, d ough and s o m phenomena ha a e exposing he
communi ies, e i o ies, and local economic ac i i ies o a isk o impo an economic and en i onmen al
losses.
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Figu e 22 - Risk chain o O is ano demo
S a e-o - he-a on adap a ion in he demons a o
Adap a ion go e nance a he na ional le el
The I alian Clima e Adap a ion S a egy was adop ed in June 2015 and a ge s se e al sec o in i s ac ion
on adap a ion such as: wa e esou ces; dese i ica ion, soil deg ada ion and d ough ; hyd ogeological
isks; biodi e si y and ecosys ems; heal h; o es y; ag icul u e, aquacul u e, ma ine ishe y; ene gy;
coas al zones; ou ism; u ban se lemen s; and c i ical in as uc u es.
As lis ed in he I alian coun y iche, o de elop he NAS, he ollowing backg ound documen s we e
p epa ed:
• A na ional clima e impac and ulne abili y assessmen o he na ional sec o s
• An analysis o he Eu opean and na ional policy amewo k o clima e adap a ion
• Elemen s o a s a egy documen : 'Elemen i pe una S a egia Nazionale di Ada amen o ai
Cambiamen i Clima ici' (ESNACC). A public consul a ion p ocess on i s con en s was closed in
Janua y 2014.
The NAS p o ides guidance on how o add ess clima e change in di e se socio-economic sec o s and
sys ems and i aims o: “ aise awa eness on he impac s o clima e change; iden i y ulne abili ies and
adap a ion op ions o ele an na u al and socio-economic sys ems, and desc ibe oppo uni ies ha may
be associa ed o clima e change; p omo e pa icipa ion o s akeholde s in de ining s a egies and sec o al
adap a ion plans o make la e implemen a ion mo e e ec i e; inc ease awa eness abou clima e change
isks and adap a ion h ough a ange o communica ion ac i i ies; speci y me hods o be used o iden i y
he bes op ions o adap a ion ac ions while highligh ing he co-bene i s” (G an ham Resea ch ins i u e,
2022).
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In 2017 I aly app o ed he Piano Nazionale di Ada amen o ai Cambiamen i Clima ici (PNACC) (Na ional
Adap a ion Plan - NAP) o suppo he implemen a ion o he Na ional Adap a ion S a egy. The
Di ec o a e Gene al o Clima e and Ene gy o he Minis y o he En i onmen and Ene gy Secu i y
(MASE) de eloped he NAP (while p epa a o y wo k was done by na ional, egional and local ins i u ions,
as well as esea ch cen es). and i seeks o guide minis ies, egions and local au ho i ies o mains eam
adap a ion c i e ia in o policymaking.
Adap a ion go e nance a he egional le el
Local au ho i ies, egions, and cen al go e nmen , coo dina ed by he MASE, a e expec ed o implemen
he NAS h ough speci ic adap a ion plans. In 2016, he Ins i u e o En i onmen al P o ec ion and
Resea ch (ISPRA, 2016) ca ied ou a su ey on he de elopmen o clima e adap a ion s a egies (and
plans) a he egional le el. The esul s saw ha a ound 50% o egions (e.g., Sa dinia, Calab ia, Apulia)
ecognised he impo ance and mul i-sec o al na u e o adap a ion in hei go e nance models. As
summa ised in he I alian coun y iche, some o he egions we e e iewing hei egula o y measu es
(e.g., EIA) and planning ools (e.g. EU S uc u al Funds) o be e in eg a e adap a ion (e.g. Ab uzzo,
Molise), while o he egions we e p omo ing adap a ion a he local le el by suppo ing ci ies and
municipali ies who ha e joined he Co enan o Mayo s o Clima e and Ene gy (CoM), as e i o ial
coo dina o s (e.g. Lazio, Ab uzzo). The Lomba dy Region has now app o ed i s Regional Adap a ion
S a egy, and Sa dinia has de eloped a Regional Adap a ion S a egy o Clima e Change (RASCC) o (1)
assess clima e ulne abili y and isk, (2) iden i y adap a ion op ions, and (3) de ine a go e nance sys em
o including adap ion in egional plans and p og ammes (Spano e al., 2019) and s imula e ailo ed
esponses o speci ic local needs.
Key elemen s o he Sa dinia RASCC include:
• Iden i ying he p ima y wea he -induced haza d indica o s based on he analysis o cu en and
u u e clima e condi ions a a high spa ial esolu ion.
• Assessing e i o ial adap abili y h ough he de elopmen o a me hodology and he collec ion
o indica o s o calcula ing he agg ega e adap abili y capaci y index.
• E alua ing he impac s o u u e clima e change on s a egic sec o s o he Sa dinia egion, using
he la es scien i ic me hodologies, pa icula ly hose o he IPCC (AR5, 2014), including he
agg ega ion o speci ic indica o s.
• Selec ing p io i y adap a ion s a egies by iden i ying and de ining p io i y ac ions based on he
iden i ied impac s o clima e change.
• Iden i ying go e nance models o he implemen a ion o adap a ion measu es.
• P o iding de ailed indica o s and ela ed me ada a, collec ed in he Regional En i onmen al
In o ma ion Sys em (SIRA), o suppo go e nance decisions in he implemen a ion o adap a ion
ac ions.
The egional s a egy has been de eloped based on he i e s a egic axes o ac ion p oposed by he
Na ional S a egy o Clima e Change Adap a ion (SNACC):
• Enhancing cu en knowledge abou clima e change and i s impac s.
• Desc ibing he e i o y's ulne abili ies, adap a ion op ions, and any associa ed oppo uni ies.
• P omo ing pa icipa ion and inc easing awa eness, including in eg a ing adap a ion in o sec o -
speci ic policies.
• Suppo ing awa eness and in o ma ion dissemina ion on adap a ion.
• Speci ying he ools o be used o iden i ying he bes op ions o adap a ion ac ions.

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The RASCC ecognizes go e nance as a key ac o in shaping he adap a ion p ocess, since e ec i e
adap a ion o clima e change equi es new app oaches ac oss all egional and local adminis a i e le els
and sec o s. In line wi h he Eu opean and na ional s a egies, his s a egy emphasizes he impo ance
o ac i e in ol emen o local au ho i ies in p omo ing adap a ion ac ions and objec i es ela ed o
clima e change, conside ing he signi ican a ia ions in impac s and e ec s on di e en a eas o he
egion. Highligh ing he impo ance o he de elopmen and implemen a ion o new policies dedica ed
o adap a ion o clima e change, he s a egy sugges s p e en ing en i onmen al isks h ough he
p omo ion o speci ic policies o he in eg a ed managemen o wa e esou ces ( i e s, we lands, e c.)
a a dis ic o basin scale, also in pa ne ship wi h p i a e s akeholde s.
Indeed, in ecen yea s, clima e change adap a ion opics ha e s a ed o pe mea e en i onmen al
planning and polices wi h inc easing awa eness and e ec i eness. Below is a lis o he main egional o
local e i o ial planning and managemen ools ha add ess clima e- ela ed issues and adap a ion
measu es.
SCALE
PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT TOOLS
POLICY AREAS
Region
PAI - Piano S alcio pe l’Asse o
Id ogeologico (Hyd ogeological
Managemen Plan)
The PAI se es as he p ima y knowledge, egula o y, and echnical-
ope a ional ool o planning ac ions ela ed o soil conse a ion,
de ense, and enhancemen , as well as he p e en ion o
hyd ogeological isks, including he mapping o lood-p one a eas.
This planning is based on he physical and en i onmen al
cha ac e is ics o he egional e i o y.
PGRA - Piano di Ges ione del
Rischio di Allu ioni (Flood Risk
Managemen Plan)
The PGRA is he e e ence documen o he managemen o lood
isk, encompassing p e en ion and p o ec ion measu es, as well as
ope a ional ools and go e nance mechanisms. I s pu pose is o
educe he impac s on human li e, he en i onmen , cul u al
he i age, and economic and social ac i i ies
PGDI - Piano di Ges ione del
Dis e o id og a ico
(Managemen Plan o he
hyd og aphic dis ic )
PGDI is he ope a ional and managemen ool o implemen a
cohe en and sus ainable wa e p o ec ion policy
(SRS S) - S a egia Regionale pe
lo S iluppo Sos enibile
(Regional s a egy o
Sus ainable De elopmen )
The s a egy assesses a ious aspec s o sus ainabili y in ou
socie ies, om heal h and well-being o quali y educa ion, om
ensu ing decen wo k and economic g ow h o comba ing clima e
change and iden i ies speci ic goals and ac ions ha c ea e
measu able impac s.
Local
Managemen Plan o Na u a
2000 si es
Re e ence documen o he si e-speci ic conse a ion objec i es
and measu es
COAST – Coas al Con ac
A olun a y ac o sha ed commi men o imp o e he p o ec ion
and implemen an in eg a ed managemen o he we lands o he
Gul o O is ano (Ramsa and Na u a 2000 si es).
Piano Di P o ezione Ci ile Pe
Rischio Id aulico
A p ac ical ool o e e yone o be used by who will be di ec ly
in ol ed in eme gency managemen
PAESC - Piano d'Azione pe
l'Ene gia Sos enibile e il Clima
(Ac ion Plan o Sus ainable
Ene gy and Clima e)
The p og am h ough which local au ho i ies plan hei ac ions o
achie e he objec i es se by he Co enan o Mayo s o Clima e
and Ene gy ( educe CO2 emissions, inc ease ene gy e iciency and
use o enewable ene gy sou ces, e c.)
Table 8 - Planning and managemen ools a Regional and local le el ela ed o CC
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Adap a ion go e nance a he demons a o le el
We land managemen in O is ano is challenging. The agmen ed go e nmen al esponsibili ies impede
he imely implemen a ion o ac ions. The a ious ypes o p o ec ed a eas, such as RAMSAR, Na u a
2000 si es, Impo an Bi d A eas (IBA) and Ma ine P o ec ed A eas (MPA) a e managed by di e en
go e nance ins umen s and di e en public bodies, while in eali y hey a e pa o he same coas al
sys em. The need o be e coo dina ion and communica ion among he a ious le els o go e nance,
he need o mo e ac i e in ol emen o local communi ies and he need o adap i e managemen led
o he coas al con ac , as a mo e uni ied and lexible go e nance model.
4.2. Desc ip ion o solu ions in T ans o mA
In O is ano, T ans o mA will ocus on wo solu ions: a go e nance solu ion o imp o ing we land
managemen , and a NBS o es o e and p o ec he lagoon and enhance he na u al ole o he we land.
The Coas al Con ac
Heal hy and p ope ly managed we lands ac as na u al ese oi s ha seques e a mosphe ic CO2, can
se e as na u al wa e e en ion a eas du ing ex eme clima ic e en s. In o de o enhance he in eg a ed
managemen o he we lands in line wi h he objec i es o he RASCC, he 11 Municipali ies o he Gul
o O is ano, along wi h he P o ince, he O is ano Reclama ion Conso ium and he Regional
Go e nmen , ha e unde aken signi ican achie emen o his p ocess wi h he signa u e o he Coas al
Con ac in 2021. This olun a y ag eemen aims o imp o e he ecological condi ion o wa e sys ems by
implemen ing p oac i e measu es. These measu es a e designed o mi iga e he nega i e impac s o
human ac i i ies, enhance wa e quali y and ci cula ion, and inc ease esilience o clima e change.
The signa o ies o m he Coo dina ion G oup, he ins i u ional body esponsible o poli ical decision-
making and he s a egic di ec ion, which is suppo ed by he Technical Sec e a ia o he
implemen a ion o he Con ac .
The Ac ion Plan o he Con ac con ains p ojec s a di e en scales and co e s he ollowing opics:
• Pa icipa o y e i o ial go e nance and capaci y building;
• Imp o emen o he ecological s a us o wa e sys ems;
• P o ec ion o biodi e si y and na u al he i age;
• Landscape equali ica ion and enhancemen o cul u al he i age;
• G een economy - owa ds a sus ainable and esponsible e i o ial de elopmen model;
• S eng hening esilience by add essing clima e change;
• Communica ion and en i onmen al awa eness.
Some o he ac i i ies ou lined in he Ac ion Plan ha e al eady secu ed unding and will be implemen ed
in he coming yea s, while o he s a e s ill awai ing inancial co e age. Being pa o he Ac ion Plan allows
o p e e en ial access o new unding oppo uni ies, ei he h ough he Region's new inancial
p og amming o h ough new egional and na ional calls.
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Wi hin he T ans o mA p ojec , MEDSEA is playing a s a egic ole in scaling up and consolida ing he
Coas al Con ac as an ope a ional ool o p omo e we land conse a ion and adap a ion ac oss O is ano
Gul . Se e al key ac i i ies ha e been ca ied ou unde T ans o mA o suppo his goal:
1. S eng hening Pa icipa o y Go e nance
A s uc u ed and inclusi e pa icipa o y p ocess has been ac i a ed o os e b oade and mo e ac i e
engagemen om local s akeholde s—including public au ho i ies, ishing and a ming communi ies,
ou ism ope a o s, and ci il socie y. This p ocess aims o ensu e ha all ac o s con ibu e o shaping
sha ed s a egies o we land p o ec ion and clima e adap a ion, ein o cing he legi imacy and
owne ship o he Con ac .
2. De elopmen o he Local We land Obse a o y (LWO)
One o he mos signi ican con ibu ions o T ans o mA is he c ea ion o he Local We land
Obse a o y, a key ac ion o eseen in he Con ac 's Ac ion Plan. The LWO se es as a scien i ic and
echnical hub dedica ed o:
• Moni o ing he ecological s a us and ends o we lands in he Gul o O is ano;
• Iden i ying eme ging h ea s and e alua ing he e ec i eness o conse a ion and adap a ion
ac ions;
• P oducing da a-d i en epo s, maps, and ac shee s o in o m decision-making.
S a ed by a mul idisciplina y eam wi h high scien i ic expe ise, he LWO in eg a es da a om bo h
public and p i a e sou ces and collabo a es closely wi h he Technical Sec e a ia o ensu e ha scien i ic
insigh s di ec ly suppo he implemen a ion and moni o ing o he Con ac .
3. Knowledge Sha ing and Policy Suppo
T ans o mA has acili a ed he dissemina ion o he LWO’s ou pu s o public ins i u ions, p i a e ac o s,
and local communi ies, con ibu ing o:
• In o med policymaking, hanks o up- o-da e scien i ic da a ha suppo s we land managemen
and clima e esilience s a egies;
• Inc eased s akeholde awa eness and engagemen , ecognizing we lands as essen ial o he
a ea's cul u al and ecological iden i y;
• Capaci y building and ad ocacy, enabling communi ies o co-de elop a sha ed ision o he
e i o y and collabo a e on sus ainable de elopmen oppo uni ies.
Mo eo e , by suppo ing he eplicabili y o he Coas al Con ac model in o he Sa dinian coas al a eas,
T ans o mA con ibu es o scaling up good p ac ices o clima e adap a ion and we land p o ec ion
ac oss he egion.
The Sma Ga e and Na u e-Based Solu ion
Among he we lands included in COAST he e is he Ma ceddì lagoon and he San Gio anni pond, which
ep esen a complex and a icula ed ansi ional ecosys em be ween he hyd aulic and coas al ma ine
en i onmen s, whose unc ionali y is c ucial in lood and s o m con ol, clima e esilience, and he
main enance o biodi e si y.
F om an ecological, geomo phological, and sedimen ological pe spec i e, he c i ical issues o he San
Gio anni - Ma ceddì lagoon and pond sys em, wi h e iden implica ions o he en i onmen and
p oduc i i y, can be de ailed as ollows:
• Dis up ion o wa e exchanges o and om he sea (including na u al daily idal lows) and
limi a ions on he dis ibu ion owa ds he open sea o ine sedimen ac ions and suspended
ma e ials due o he cons uc ion o he Ma ceddì b idge. This aspec has led o he de e io a ion
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o wa e quali y in he lagoon and i s p oduc i i y, as well as widesp ead p oblems o poo
oxygena ion and wa e u no e be ween adjacen basins and he sea. (see he 8.2 Baseline da a
o mo e de ail).
• P og essi e sil ing o he in e nal basin o San Gio anni esul ing om he cons uc ion o he
embankmen and he in e cep ion o con inen al wa e lows. While ep esen ing a c ucial
condi ion o he de elopmen o ish a ming in he lagoon, he clea sepa a ion p o ided by he
in e nal embankmen be ween eshwa e a eas a he es ua y and he es o he lagoon leads
o a g adual educ ion in he dep h o he es ua ine basin, a dec ease in lood bu e ing capaci y,
and he de elopmen o phenomena o anoxia ela ed o limi ed wa e exchanges, especially
du ing he summe season. (see he 8.2 Baseline da a o mo e de ail).
In an a emp o add ess he highligh ed issues, a NBS is pa ially unde de elopmen wi h mul i-
inancing, including suppo om he Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund (ERDF) unde he 6.5.1
ac ion, managed by he Municipali y o Te alba, and he de elopmen o a SMART GATE unde he
T ans o mA p ojec .
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-N.2 - mul ipa ame e senso (Dissol ed oxygen le el, Conduc i i y, pH, ORP, Tempe a u e,
u bidi y)
-Hyd ome e (Piezome ic le el senso wi h Imme sion)
-Dedica ed da a logge
c) moni o ing s a ion San Gio anni Pond (mou h a ea):
-N.1 mul ipa ame e senso (Dissol ed oxygen le el, Conduc i i y, pH, ORP, Tempe a u e,
u bidi y)
-Hyd ome e (Piezome ic le el senso wi h Imme sion)
-Dedica ed da a logge
The ins umen a ion will be IP68 a ed. All ins umen s will be esis an o he condi ions o a ma ine
en i onmen .
The de ices will ha e uplink and downlink ea u es. The emo e communica ion mus allow o:
1. Res a he senso s.
2. Change he equency o acquisi ion on demand.
The au onomy o he da a acquisi ion uni should be a leas 12 mon hs. The senso s will be powe ed by
a sola panel.
The opening and closing o he SMART GATE will be managed emo ely h ough he IT pla o m in mos
cases, o physically i equi ed.
Figu e 29 - moni o ing ne wo k and IT pla o m ope a ion diag am

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Desc ip ion he expec ed inno a ion
COAST and SMART GATE in oduce inno a i e app oaches o ecosys em managemen in he we land
a eas o O is ano. They emphasize p oac i e measu es and in eg a ed go e nance, which ep esen s a
no el way o add ess en i onmen al issues. The LWO se es as an inno a i e ool o eal- ime
moni o ing o we land s a us and ends. The applica ion o SMART GATE echnology o egula e wa e
ci cula ion demons a es inno a ion in wa e esou ce managemen wi hin he ecosys em.
The SMART GATE enables e icien and imely esponses o changes in hyd aulic le els, ecological
condi ions, and wa e quali y. The emo e-con ol sys em imp o es he e ec i eness o wa e egula ion
and con ibu es o lood isk managemen , allowing o p ecise moni o ing and con ol o he ecosys em
wi h a signi ican ocus on en i onmen al condi ions and ishe y equi emen s.
Fu he mo e, bo h solu ions aim o os e a collabo a i e app oach by in ol ing public au ho i ies
esponsible o wa e quali y, lood isk, and ecological condi ions, along wi h engagemen wi h he
ishing sec o . This collabo a i e app oach is inno a i e as i b ings oge he a ious s akeholde s o
collec i ely add ess en i onmen al challenges.
4.3. Expec ed impac s
O e iew o he expec ed impac s and ela ed indica o s
Expec ed impac s in he implemen a ion o he wo solu ions di e on a e i o ial scale o COAST and a
mo e local scale o NBS (Ma ceddì and San Gio anni).
The COAST p ojec gene a es a ious impac s ac oss di e en domains:
Social Impac
The p ojec places a signi ican emphasis on social impac , aiming o enhance knowledge and awa eness
wi hin he communi y. This is achie ed h ough a se ies o pa icipa o y mee ings in ol ing s akeholde s.
The numbe o hese mee ings se es as a key indica o o he p ojec 's success in engaging di e en
segmen s o he popula ion.
Technological and Economic Impac
In e ms o echnology ans e and economic sus ainabili y, he COAST p ojec le e ages ac shee s o
dissemina e c ucial in o ma ion. These ma e ials each a b oad audience, including indi iduals and
manage s, ex ending he p ojec 's in luence beyond i s ini ial scope. This dissemina ion con ibu es o
he eplicabili y o COAST p ac ices on a egional scale, showcasing he p ojec 's echnological and
economic impac .
Social and Economic In luence on Local Policies
The ac i e in ol emen o public au ho i ies in he COAST p ojec is a es amen o i s social in luence.
This commi men is e lec ed in he ongoing upda es o he Local We land Obse a o y (LWO),
demons a ing an economic in es men in he moni o ing and managemen o local we lands. Toge he ,
hese social and economic ac o s play a pi o al ole in shaping and condi ioning local policies.
An addi ional measu e o he p ojec 's success is he esilience o he local popula ion. This indica o
spans en i onmen al, social, and economic dimensions, e lec ing he o e all e ec i eness o he COAST
p ojec in os e ing sus ainabili y and adap abili y wi hin he communi y.
Rega ding he SG and he o e all NBS p ojec o he Ma ceddì and San Gio anni lagoon, e e ence is
made o en i onmen al, economic, social, and echnological impac s.
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En i onmen al Impac s
An impo an en i onmen al impac o he p ojec is he inc eased knowledge o key wa e quali y
pa ame e s, acili a ing a long- e m assessmen o pa ame e imp o emen s compa ed o he ini ial
s a e. The implemen a ion o Na u e-Based Solu ions (NBS) con ibu es o be e wa e ci cula ion
managemen wi hin he lagoon. This enhancemen inc eases he ecosys em's lood egula ion capaci y,
educing a eas damaged by coas al and inland loods and subsequen ly minimizing economic losses and
cul u al he i age damage. An addi ional posi i e consequence is he po en ial inc ease in ish ca ches
bo h in e ms o quan i y and quali y. I 's essen ial o no e ha his impac is in luenced by ex e nal
ac o s, and i s e alua ion as a seconda y indica o is necessa y.
Social Impac s
In he implemen a ion o NBS, i is conside ed impo an o highligh wo aspec s ega ding social
impac s:
C ea ion o Syne gies:
The p ojec os e s syne gies among o ganiza ions wi h expe ise in wa e managemen and clima e
change. This collabo a ion enhances he social ab ic by b inging oge he di e se s akeholde s o add ess
sha ed challenges.
In luence on Policies:
NBS in luences local policies, such as he COAST and we land managemen plans, and ex ends i s impac
o he egional le el wi h con ibu ions o he Regional S a egy on Clima e Change Adap a ion. This
showcases he b oade socie al in luence o he p ojec beyond i s immedia e implemen a ion.
Technological Impac s
The implemen a ion o he Sma Ga e (SG) sys em in oduces echnological ad ancemen s, es ing a
concep ual model o egula ing SG openings and closu es. This model elies on e e ence pa ame e s
collec ed h ough he moni o ing ne wo k ins alled in he lagoon. The echnological impac is e alua ed
based on:
- E iciency: The esponse ime o hyd aulic a ia ions is a key measu e o he sys em's e iciency,
ensu ing a imely and e ec i e esponse o dynamic condi ions.
- Con ol P ecision: P ecision in con olling openings/closu es is assessed, emphasizing he
impo ance o accu a e wa e low managemen wi hin he lagoon.
- Sys em Reliabili y: The eliabili y o he SG sys em is a c i ical ac o , de e mining he consis en
and dependable ope a ion o he wa e con ol sys em.
The ollowing able summa izes he expec ed impac and he ela ed indica o s:
SOLUTION
EXPECTED IMPACTS
INDICATORS
SOURCE
COAST
1. Inc eased knowledge and
awa eness o key s akeholde s
a di e en le els (public and
p i a e sec o s, economic
ca ego ies, ci izens, e c.)
1. Numbe pa icipa o y mee ings
wi h s akeholde s
Lis o mee ings
2. Popula ion ha became mo e
esilien
S akeholde map
2. Replicabili y on egional
scale o he COAST expe ience
3. People/manage s eached by he
ac shee o dissemina e COAST a
egional le el
S akeholde map
3. Local policies condi ioned by
he COAST and NBS
implemen a ion as bes
p ac ice
4. Public au ho i ies ac i ely in ol ed
in he p ojec
S akeholde map
5. Numbe o epo s and ac shee s
p oduced and sha ed by he LWO
LWO and T ans o mA webpage
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NBS
4. Inc eased knowledge o
main wa e quali y pa ame e s
6. Da a collec ed and analyzed
h ough he moni o ing sys em
IT pla o m and moni o ing sys em
7. Fishe men in o med on he
knowledge acqui ed
Minu es o he mee ings wi h
ishe men and su eys
Ag eemen s signed
5. Imp o emen o he
biodi e si y and ecosys em
in eg i y
8. Su ace co e ed by NBS
GIS analysis
6.Reduc ion o economic
losses and cul u al damage
LWO epo s
7. Inc eased e iciency o he
lagoon dynamics in case o
lood isk (hyd ome ic le el)
and poo ecological s a e o
he lagoon, wi h a signi ican
emphasis on ishing ac i i ies
(salini y, pH, empe a u e…)
9. Enhancemen o he wa e quali y
IT pla o m and moni o ing sys em
10. Response ime o hyd aulic
a ia ions
IT pla o m and moni o ing sys em
11. Accu acy o ape u e/closu e
con ol
IT pla o m
12. Sys em eliabili y
IT pla o m
Table 9 - Expec ed impac s and indica o s
No e: KPI 8 – Imp o emen o S ock P oduc i i y
This indica o , which elies on da a om he Regional Depa men o Ag icul u e and Ag o-Pas o al Re o m – Fishe ies and
Aquacul u e Se ice, could no be e alua ed wi hin he cu en epo ing pe iod due o delays in he implemen a ion imeline
o he solu ion. Speci ically, he in e en ions impac ing aqua ic s ock condi ions (e.g., habi a es o a ion o wa e quali y
imp o emen ) we e no in place long enough o gene a e measu able biological esponses in s ock p oduc i i y.
De ini ion and In e p e a ion:
S ock p oduc i i y e e s o he ep oduc i e ou pu and biomass inc ease o aqua ic species in he moni o ed we land o
coas al ecosys em. I is ypically assessed using ishe y yield da a (e.g., CPUE – ca ch pe uni e o ), species g ow h a es, o
popula ion su eys conduc ed be o e and a e he in e en ion.
In his case, e alua ion would ha e equi ed a minimum pos -in e en ion moni o ing pe iod o 12–18 mon hs, co e ing
ep oduc i e and g ow h cycles. Since his condi ion was no me , he indica o emains une aluable a his s age. Fu u e
assessmen s can e isi his KPI once su icien biological esponse ime has elapsed.
Baseline da a
6
MEDSEA collec ed some p elimina y da a in he lagoon (be o e he implemen a ion pe iod o
T ans o mA ), as p elimina y s udies o he d a ing o he p ojec join ly wi h he Municipali y o
Te alba.
The comp ehensi e baseline da a p esen ed below is essen ial o unde s anding he a ionale behind
he de elopmen and implemen a ion o Na u e Based Solu ions (NBS), encompassing a ious impac s
such as enhanced knowledge o wa e quali y pa ame e s, biodi e si y and ecosys em in eg i y
imp o emen , educ ion o economic losses and cul u al damage, and inc eased e iciency in lagoon
dynamics du ing lood isks and ecological challenges, pa icula ly ocusing on ishing ac i i ies.
Ba hyme y:
Ba hyme ic su ey, co e ing an a ea o app oxima ely 830 hec a es:
Maximum dep h eached: -3.68 me e s below mean sea le el (m.m.s.l.).
Minimum dep h eached: -0.11 me e s below mean sea le el (m.m.s.l.).
6
Sou ce o da a: Analysis wi hin he “In eg a ed p ojec o he ede elopmen o ecological connec ions o he
we land compendium o S. Gio anni - Ma ceddì and he pond o Co u S'I i i”, managed by he Municipali y o
Te alba and de eloped by he p ojec eam composed by C i e ia s l, P ima Ingegne ia and Mac o Design S udio.
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Figu e 30 - Digi al Ele a ion Model (DEM)
Wa e empe a u e (°C):
Figu e 31 – Wa e empe a u e Summe pe iod
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Figu e 32 – Wa e empe a u e Au umn pe iod

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pH
Obse ing he igu e below, i can be no ed ha he pH ollows a clea spa ial g adien . Speci ically,
he San Gio anni basin, and e en mo e so he basins nea he mou hs o wa e cou ses, exhibi
signi ican ly highe alues (up o pH=9) compa ed o he mou h a ea. In he au umn campaign, he
alues show g ea e homogenei y.
Figu e 33 – PH summe pe iod
Figu e 34 – Ph Au umn pe iod
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Chlo ophyll 'a':
The indica o desc ibes he concen a ion o chlo ophyll "a" in su ace wa e s, allowing o an indi ec
es ima e o phy oplank on biomass, as i p o ides a measu e o he main pho osyn he ic pigmen
p esen in mic oalgae. I se es as an e ec i e indica o o he sys em's p oduc i i y. The
concen a ion o chlo ophyll "a" in wa e highligh s he le el o eu ophica ion in coas al wa e s.
I is o undamen al impo ance o he applica ion o ophic indices and u bidi y indices, assessing
he ophic cha ac e is ics o he wa e body and he s a e o ecosys ems. Addi ionally, i is an
excellen indica o o e alua ing p ima y p oduc ion and he ophic le els o he ecosys em.
Figu e 35 – Chlo ophyll – Summe pe iod
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Figu e 36 - Chlo ophyll – Au umn pe iod
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Tu bidi y
Figu e 37 – Tu bidi y Summe pe iod
Figu e 38 – Tu bidi y Au umn pe iod
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5.0 Wes coun y Region: Imp o ing he
ag icul u al- ipa ian in e ace in nu ien
sensi i e ca chmen s in Sou h Wes England
Execu i e summa y
The Wes coun y egion demons a o seeks o add ess he p oblems o di use wa e pollu ion and
habi a loss ela ing o in ensi e ag icul u e, exace ba ed by inc easing ain all and pe iods o d ough
caused by a changing clima e. Wes coun y Ri e s T us (WRT) a e es ing eme ging ecosys em se ices
ma ke s as a mechanism o pay landowne s o eins a e we lands and ipa ian bu e s along i e
co ido s in h ee ecologically designa ed ca chmen s whe e nu ien pollu ion has been iden i ied as a
se ious p oblem. Ou comes a e moni o ed using me ics ela ing o he b oad ange o bene i s s a egic
habi a eins a emen can deli e . The bene i s o lood mi iga ion, d ough esilience, imp o ed wa e
quali y and inc eased habi a deli e he c oss sec o al clima e adap a ion iden i ied h ough s akeholde
wo kshops. WRT use a ange o si e-speci ic indica o s o de ine app op ia e baseline and assess he
en i onmen al and wide ou comes, wi h an emphasis on hose alued in ecosys em ma ke s: Wa e
quali y and biodi e si y. The in og aphic o he Wes coun y demons a o is depic ed below.

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5.1. Con ex
In og aphic
Objec i es
Clima e isks and impac s in he Wes coun y egion include pollu ion, looding, d ough , and
educed de elopmen . Al hough clima e change adap a ion capaci y is de eloping well wi hin all sec o s,
he abili y o in eg a e c oss-sec o al deli e y is s ill lagging.
Following discussion wi h s akeholde s in he ag icul u al, wa e indus y and conse a ion sec o s, he
ollowing isks we e iden i ied:
• Wa e esou ce issues linked o clima e change: seasonal lood and d ough , impac ing
ag icul u al ou pu s and ipa ian habi a .
• Reduced wa e quali y due o sedimen and nu ien loss om ag icul u e, ampli ied by low
dilu ion a es om d ough and soil un o om hea y ain, a ec ing sensi i e habi a s, ishe ies,
ec ea ion and human heal h.
• Planning hia us due o poo wa e quali y om excess nu ien s, designa ed unde Habi a
Regula ions un il mi iga ion o sewage inc eases om new de elopmen can be p o ided.
The objec i es a e o deli e na u e-based solu ions in he o m o ipa ian bu e s, loodplain we lands
and ponds ha will cap u e sedimen and educe nu ien loading in i e s and inc ease wa e s o age
capaci y and ipa ian habi a in he a ge ca chmen s.
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Figu e 43 Map o he Sou h wes o England showing p ojec i e ca chmen s
To imp o e sus ainabili y and up ake o hese solu ions amongs landowne s, compensa ion o long-
e m sac i ice o ag icul u al use along i e co ido s is needed. WRT will es he mechanisms o
Phospha e c edi s and Biodi e si y Ne Gain (BNG) c edi s, whe e housing de elope s pay landowne s o
long- e m (30-80y s) deli e y o ecosys em se ices, eleasing new de elopmen in he ca chmen .
Geog aphy o he Wes coun y
The demons a o si es a e all loca ed in he sou h-wes o England (Figu e 1). Each si e alls wi hin a
ca chmen designa ed as ei he a Special A ea o Conse a ion (SAC) (Camel (Figu e 2) and Axe) o Ramsa
si e (Some se Le els (Figu e 3) and Moo s), whe e wa e quali y and quan i y issues ha e been iden i ied.
The ca chmen s each ha e di e en opog aphy, soil ype and ag icul u al sys ems, meaning ha
di e en app oaches o NBS a e needed o each a ea.
Figu e 44 View o he Ri e Camel in Co nwall (SAC)
Camel
Tone
Axe
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Figu e 45 View o he Ri e Tone in Some se (Ramsa )
Clima e ulne abili y, impac s and challenges
The Wes coun y is likely o wi ness d ie summe s and an inc ease in he equency o ex eme wea he
e en s, such as d ough s (Sou hwes Wa e 2021). High ene gy ain all e en s can also cause mobiliza ion
o sedimen and nu ien s leading o wa e quali y issues.
The Me eo ological O ice highligh s de ailed impac s o he Sou hwes (Me O ice UKCP) including:
• Mo e equen in ense ain all and wind-d i en ain causing i e and su ace wa e looding.
• Wa me we e win e s causing p oblems wi h c op managemen .
• Ho e d ie summe s causing p oblems o wa e quali y and supply.
• Inc ease in ex eme wea he and dis up i e e en s such as looding, d ough s, landslides o
hea wa es in e up ing o limi ing access o i al se ices and impac ing on people’s physical and
men al heal h.
• Sea le el ise a ec ing he iabili y o coas al communi ies and coas al in as uc u e h ough
looding and e osion.
These p ojec ions we e suppo ed by he modelling ca ied ou by PIK o he Wes coun y s akeholde
wo kshops in sp ing 2022 o Wo k package 2. (Figu es 4-7 below)
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Figu e 46 Summa y o clima e p ojec ions o he Wes coun y (Sou ce: PIK p esen a ion o Wo kshop 2 WP3) using ISIMIP 3b
DATA
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Figu e 47 Modelled p ecipi a ion change shows d ie summe s and we e win e s

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Figu e 48 Modelling shows educed i e lows in summe and au umn
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Figu e 49 Modelling shows inc eased uno du ing la e summe o win e , bu wi h high unce ain y due o coa se hyd ological
models
Adap a ion wi hin he demons a o
In 2021 Na u al England, he UK go e nmen 's s a u o y ad iso o he na u al en i onmen , imposed a
s op o all de elopmen in designa ed i e ca chmen s whe e wa e quali y was ailing a ge s due o
nu ien en ichmen . These ca chmen s a e now subjec o Nu ien Neu ali y (NN) planning ules.
Locally, his means any new de elopmen mus mi iga e addi ional phospha es en e ing wa e bodies ia
addi ional load on he sewage sys em. Mi iga ion can be ei he on he de elopmen si e i sel , o o -
si e, deli e ed h ough land use change elsewhe e wi hin he ca chmen . O -si e mi iga ion usually
means educed inpu s om ag icul u e o wo k o imp o e sewage ea men by wa e companies.
• The Conse a ion o Habi a s and Species Regula ions 2017 ansla es he Eu opean Habi a s Di ec i e
in o UK law. I se s ou measu es o p o ec ion o na u al habi a s and wild auna and lo a. This is
he legal basis o he Nu ien Neu ali y uling.
Cu en ly, nu ien neu ali y policy is ocused on land use change wi hin he ca chmen a ea, using a
calcula o ha assesses phospha e educ ions based on nu ien expo coe icien s om di e en land
uses. Fo example, changing om dai y a mland o woodland will deli e 0.47kg Ha-1 y -1 phospha e
mi iga ion. This app oach does no ecognize he enhanced bene i s which could be achie ed by ocusing
land use change along he i e co ido . I iden i ies only cons uc ed we lands as a o m o addi ional
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ea men . Ini ially, WRT in ended o de elop In eg a ed Cons uc ed We lands (ICW) on a ms.
Howe e , he e a e di icul ies wi h adap ing his solu ion o di use pollu ion, wi h in e mi en and
a iable in lows impac ing on e ec i eness. Alongside his, WRT iden i ied issues a ound compliance wi h
exis ing ag icul u al egula ions (En i onmen Agency UK) and due o he high cos s o land pu chase
when phospha e c edi s we e no a ailable a he ou se . The e o e, al e na i e solu ions such as we land
ipa ian bu e s ha e been p io i ised.
Cu en e idence on he e ec i eness o na u al p ocess led NBS o deli e mul iple bene i s is limi ed
(Robo ham e al, 2022). Th ough T ans o mA WRT wan o inc ease he e idence base o he bene i s
o NBS, including bu e s ips and habi a es o a ion, wi hin he egion. S a egic implemen a ion o his
ype o NBS would deli e mul iple co-bene i s add essing he o he isks iden i ied in he En i onmen
Ac (2021) including habi a loss, ec ea ion and sedimen loss o wa e bodies.
• En i onmen Ac 2021: Aims o imp o e ai and wa e quali y, ackle was e, inc ease ecycling, hal
he decline o species, and imp o e he coun y's na u al en i onmen o make i mo e esilien o
clima e shocks. This en i onmen ac does no di ec ly a ge adap a ion, howe e ensu ing he
p o ec ion and he de elopmen o he na u al en i onmen inc eases he abili y o he e i o y o
o e come clima e- ela ed s esses (e.g., na u al bu e zones, inc eased pe meabili y, e c.).
The desi e o inc ease he e idence base o inno a i e NBS in he Wes coun y demons a o egion and
o deli e mul iple co-bene i s ealised o e long lead imes a e well aligned wi h he o e a ching
objec i es o he Clima e Change Ac (2008). Wi hin he CCA he e is a legal equi emen o de elop a
Na ional Adap ion P og amme (NAP) wi h objec i es ela ing o clima e adap a ion and ime-scaled
p oposals and policies o mee hose objec i es. The NAP se s ou ou o e a ching objec i es o add ess
he g ea es isks and oppo uni ies a ising due o clima e change:
• Inc easing awa eness;
• Inc easing esilience o cu en ex emes;
• Taking imely ac ion o long-lead ime measu es;
• Add essing majo e idence gaps
Despi e he policy ele ance and g owing in e es in NBS, he knowledge base is lacking e idence o
lowland ca chmen s ypical o hose in he sou h o England (Lockwood e al., 2022). The e is also
unce ain y o e he sus ainabili y o wa e s o age in such ea u es, whe e apid sedimen deposi ion
could diminish s o age capaci y o e ime (Lane, 2017). Thus mo e e idence is equi ed o suppo he
deli e y o wide bene i s om NBS which unde pin ag i-en i onmen al policies such as he UK
Go e nmen ’s En i onmen al Land Managemen Scheme (ELMS), ou lined in he Ag icul u e Ac (2020).
Alongside he G een Finance S a egy (2023) his could p o ide a me s wi h inancial incen i es o
adop ing NFM and o he NBS, he eby inc easing up ake mo e widely (Ba k e al., 2021).
5.2. Desc ip ion o solu ions in T ans o mA
O e iew o he solu ions
WRT a e de eloping se e al NBS ac oss h ee i e ca chmen s: The Camel, he Axe and he Tone. Some
use amilia me hods, and o he s a e mo e expe imen al, o example using ponds and willow beds o
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ha es phospha es. The ambi ion was o es a ange o solu ions ac oss di e en pa ame e s. The NBS
p ima ily deal wi h di use ag icul u al pollu ion p io o he poin o en y o he main wa e cou se. The
p ojec looks speci ically a unding s eams o pay o bo h he ini ial (capi al) cos o deli e y and he
long- e m main enance and compensa ion o he landowne o loss o ag icul u al p oduc i e land
( e enue). The c ea ion o his ype o a m Sus ainable D ainage Sys em (SuDS) is no expensi e, bu
landowne s a e unwilling o sign up in he numbe s needed o ha e a signi ican e ec wi hou ai
paymen . Nu ien Neu ali y p o ides an oppo uni y o le e age in es men om de elope s o pay o
s a egic nu ien mi iga ion on a ms.
The e a e cu en ly 10 NBS si es ac oss he h ee ca chmen s a di e en s ages o deli e y o
T ans o mAR. These include a m ponds (Figu e 8), loodplain we land habi a es o a ion, sedimen
aps, and il a ion o bu e s ips. These ypes o solu ions we e also highligh ed by s akeholde s as
pa o he adap ion pa hways co-c ea ion wo kshops.
They can be c ea ed indi idually o be combined and used in ea men ains acco ding o he speci ic
si e condi ions and pollu ion load. One aspec WRT a e es ing is wha le el o main enance is equi ed
a a minimum o keep he in e en ion unc ioning as designed. The landowne s in ol ed o en do no
ha e he ime o esou ces o ca y ou egula o complex main enance ac i i ies. WRT a e also es ing
be e ways o iden i y sui able s a egic si es, using a combina ion o GIS analysis, si e su ey and
chemical analysis o wa e and soils. Ul ima ely, he deciding ac o is landowne willingness o ake pa .
This wo k complemen s exis ing WRT p ojec s, p ima ily unded by he egional wa e company
(Sou hwes Wa e ) and Na ional and Local Go e nmen , encou aging good en i onmen al p ac ice
amongs a me s o educe pollu ion a sou ce. This includes he De on and Co nwall Soils Alliance which
o e s one- o-one ad ice on soil and c op managemen o educe isk o soil uno . The Sou hwes Wa e
Ups eam Thinking p ojec also p o ides g an s o a me s in d inking wa e ca chmen s o upg ade a m
in as uc u e such as oo s and acks. Inc easingly, his p ojec is in oducing g een in as uc u e such
as c oss slope hedging, woodland plan ing and leaky dams in s eams and di ches. Sou hwes Wa e is
also now unding a m ad ice on nu ien budge s in he Camel and Axe ca chmen s due o he Nu ien
Neu ali y issue.
Figu e 50 Sedimen being emo ed as pa o es o a ion o a m pond o T ans o mA
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ag icul u al su ey and a m managemen da a. The upda ed g eenhouse gas (GHG) calcula ions closely
ma ch he la es UK Ag icul u al Ammonia and GHG in en o y.” h ps://adas.co.uk/se ices/ a mscope /
By unning he exis ing he si ua ion o a a m, o pa cel o land agains a mi iga ion scena io, i is
he e o e possible o calcula e p edic ed P educ ions. An example is p o ided below.
Axe example calcula ion
A ea: 1.2ha (3 ac) aken ou o dai y p oduc ion.
P oposed plan: Land use change o se e al smalle ields wi h combined a ea o 1.2 ha (3 ac), changed
om dai y g azing in o no li es ock.
Fa mscope ou pu o dai y land use is: 0.8kg
By changing he land use o no li es ock he Fa mscope ou pu becomes: 0.17kg
Based upon he abo e igu es (0.8 – 0.17kg P) his equa es o an annual sa ing o 0.63 Kg P/yea (0.53 kg
P/ha/yea ).

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Limi a ions o capabili y and use
The scale a which Fa mscope is employed is po en ially a e y signi ican limi a ion. Fa mscope was
de eloped as a policy ool o answe ing ques ions a landscape scale, bu which was able o u ilise and
p oduce da a a a m le el. The inpu equi emen s we e based a ound da a ha would be a ailable a
such scales, and which he models used o p edic he pollu an losses would be sensi i e o. Due o he
ime equi ed o model simula ions, Fa mscope elies upon a da abase o p e iously calcula ed
pollu an losses o gene a e a ‘baseline’ pollu an load. In o de o gene a e his da abase and de elop
he baseline, and o cha ac e ise he impac s o ce ain mi iga ion me hods, i was necessa y o make a
numbe o assump ions abou a ming p ac ice, such as he iming o e ilise applica ions. These
assump ions we e gene ally based on na ional su eys o a m p ac ice da a, and hus e lec ypical
beha iou ac oss he landscape, a he han he beha iou o any speci ic a m.
The sou ce models used o popula e he pollu an loss da abase (i.e. o c ea e he baseline) we e applied
a 1km2 esolu ion ac oss England and Wales, using local da a on soils, slopes, ield connec i i y, ain all
e c. and he esul s agg ega ed o he 3 soil ypes and 6 clima e zones a ailable wi hin Fa mscope . The
p edic ed losses hus ep esen a ypical en i onmen al si ua ion ( o he soil ype and clima e zone
selec ed) and canno pe ec ly eplica e he speci ic condi ions ha may be ound in a ield o e en ac oss
a a m.”
Fa mscope also has no abili y o accoun o pollu an sou ces which occu o - a m, i.e., om
ups eam/highe in he ca chmen . This misses he oppo uni y o one a m o ac as he
bu e /mi iga ion o ano he a m/ ano he sou ce. In his si ua ion on- he-g ound es ing needs o be
employed o bo h p edic and acknowledge any P educ ion.
Fa mscope is now hos ed on he ADAS websi e: h ps://adas.co.uk/se ices/ a mscope /
Inno a ion in moni o ing and e alua ion o co-bene i s.
WRT a e de eloping moni o ing echniques ha a e app op ia e o he solu ion and ha can be u ilised
mo e widely. Moni o ing nu ien cap u e and in lux is mo e challenging a si es whe e he e a e
inconsis en lows in wa e impac ing nu ien concen a ions. The e o e, op ions including nu ien
es ing o soil and sedimen will also be unde aken. Whe e needed, modelling o phospha e cap u e can
also be used o alida e and e i y solu ions. Due o he wide oll ou o hese solu ions, moni o ing
needs o be app op ia e and cos e ec i e o ensu e he c edi scheme is iable.
Fo habi a imp o emen s he Biodi e si y Ne Gain (BNG) 4.0 me ic
h ps://publica ions.na u alengland.o g.uk/publica ion/6049804846366720 can be used o es ablish a
baseline and de e mine he imp o emen s in habi a a e implemen a ion. BNG can also po en ially be
s acked wi h nu ien neu ali y and o e an addi ional ma ke o he landowne .
The use o Ci izen Science is an inno a i e way o gene a e a b oad unde s anding o wa e quali y ac oss
ca chmen s and allows o high isk o p io i y a eas o be iden i ied, which can hen be a ge ed o
solu ions implemen a ion.
Inno a ion in con ac s and inancing mechanisms.
Each ca chmen and a ea ha is in ol ed in nu ien neu ali y has a sepa a e ma ke sys em, as he e
a e di e ing local au ho i ies, de elope demand le els and capi alisa ion models. Fo he Axe ca chmen ,
a digi al solu ion is being de eloped o c ea e an online nu ien ading pla o m. The Na u al Capi al
Ma ke place (NCM) is hos ed by a egis e ed cha i y; he UNESCO No h De on Biosphe e Founda ion
(Biosphe e Founda ion). The pla o m can be iewed he e: h ps://app.na u alcapi al.ma ke /
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WRT a e in ol ed in an En i onmen Agency nu ien neu ali y p ojec on he Axe in which he Biosphe e
Founda ion a e a pa ne and a e o e ing o deli e hei con ibu ion o de elop he nu ien ma ke on
NCM a cos . The pla o m has he ad an age ha i o e s landowne s op ions o c ea e Ca bon C edi s
and Biodi e si y Ne Gain income in addi ion o nu ien c edi s (whe e he e is addi ionali y on si e o
elsewhe e on he holding). I also o e s de elope s a single ma ke o hei Nu ien C edi , Biodi e si y
o se and Ca bon o se needs. Impo an ly he new nu ien ma ke will in eg a e all he lea ning om
exis ing ading schemes, wi hin he UK and in e na ionally, suppo ed by NE Na ional Teams and he
newly o med Nu ien P og amme Team in he EA. A key elemen o his wo k is demons a ing he
bene i o any Na u al Capi al p oduc and nu ien c edi s will be no di e en . This is e med Moni o ing,
Repo ing and Ve i ica ion (MRV). The No h De on Biosphe e o e s o design he MRV elemen o he
nu ien ading model a cos using hei Sma Biosphe e p og amme illus a ed he e:
h ps://biosphe e cic.maps.a cgis.com/apps/webapp iewe 3d/index.h ml?id=768524c5399e463490 3a
18c748bd98
5.3. Expec ed impac s
O e iew o he expec ed impac s
Achie ing Nu ien Neu ali y
The p ima y objec i e o Nu ien Neu ali y is o make he issue o nu ien pollu ion in designa ed
ca chmen s no wo se. The wide en i onmen al objec i es in his p ojec a e o deli e he bes ou comes
o na u e and he egion’s i e s, by wo king s a egically o es o e i e co ido s and su ounding
ca chmen unc ion and p o ide a ange o en i onmen al co-bene i s. To achie e his, mul iple
landowne s need o be suppo ed o implemen a ange o NBS o educe soil and slu y en e ing
wa e cou ses; o educe he nu ien s in oduced o a ming sys ems and e-use nu ien s mo e
e icien ly. In app op ia e loca ions, NBS can also a enua e su ace wa e lows and inc ease in il a ion
ac oss he sys em. This educes he olume o su ace wa e en e ing he combined sewe age sys em
and educes pollu ion om o e low spills. These p ima ily en i onmen al impac s will be cap u ed
h ough a ange o quan i a i e and quali a i e moni o ing me ics and da a. Each solu ion p o ides a
ange o p ima y and seconda y impac s, depending on he design and loca ion o solu ions. The p ima y
ocus is o educe phospha e pollu ion hese solu ions, pa icula ly whe e unded as pa o he nu ien
c edi scheme. Co-bene i s include:
• ‘'Slowing he low’ educing localised looding;
• Imp o emen s in habi a and biodi e si y alue;
• Ca bon cap u e, depending on he in e en ion ype;
• Wide wa e quali y imp o emen s h ough cap u ing sedimen s and o he pollu an s;
Toge he hese en i onmen al imp o emen s help o build esilience wi hin ca chmen s.
Economic De elopmen in he Ca chmen
Th ough T ans o mA new nu ien c edi ma ke s a e being de eloped which can p o ide an addi ional
income o landowne s and a me s.
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In he Camel ca chmen WRT a e wo king wi h he local planning au ho i y o c ea e a nu ien c edi
scheme (Figu e 14). He e WRT a e liaising di ec ly wi h a me s and landowne s and wi h he local
planning au ho i y, who a e capi alising he scheme, h ough CIL (Communi y In as uc u e Le y) unds.
A key elemen in he o ma ion o c edi s, is o ind an in es o who is willing o capi alise he c edi
h ough up on in es men , his can hen be eco e ed when he c edi is sold o he end use .
Figu e 56 Schema ic and low pa hway in he Camel ca chmen o nu ien c ea ion.
Bila e al ma ke ing o nu ien s is becoming commonplace and in ecen yea s online pla o ms ha e
been used o a ac and con ac wi h mul iple p o ide s such as a me s. This can educe cos and
alle ia e ma ke blocke s. Some o he exis ing pla o ms include hose in Some se , A on and Solen
ca chmen s hos ed by ENTRADE;
h ps://www.en ade.co.uk/ou -ma ke s/
In he Axe ca chmen , he nu ien c edi model is sligh ly di e en as i will be using he Na u al Capi al
Ma ke place (ou lined in Sec ion 5.2.3) as a pla o m o ma ke nu ien c edi s, alongside o he c edi s
ha a e a ailable. In he Axe, he ou e o capi alisa ion is less clea , howe e he e is po en ial o his
ole o be unde aken by he egional wa e company. A schema ic o he cu en scheme in he Axe
ca chmen is shown in Figu e 15 below.
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Figu e 57 Flow diag am o he c ea ion o nu ien c edi s
WRT a e wo king wi h he No h De on Biosphe e Founda ion who a e de eloping he nu ien ma ke
on NCM.
By acili a ing de elopmen hese c edi schemes suppo a s able local economy, wi h a o dable homes
p io i ised o local popula ions.
Tou ism is he bigges economic sec o in he egion and es ima ed o suppo one in i e jobs in Co nwall
(Local Go e nmen Associa ion 2019). The sec o is dependen on he beau i ul na u al en i onmen in
he egion, including coas al, coun yside and moo land scene y. The local economy he e o e equi es
ca e ul s ewa ding o na u al asse s, and he e is a epu a ional isk om pollu ion o bo h inland and
coas al ba hing wa e s.
Raising Clima e Awa eness and Resilience h ough Landowne and Communi y Engagemen
WRT has an es ablished his o y o ac ing as an e hical and us ed b oke o he deli e y o paymen s o
ecosys em se ices. Fo almos 15 yea s WRT ha e wo ked wi h he egional wa e company o ac as a
b oke wi h landowne s and communi ies (Figu e 16), hough ini ia i es such as Ups eam Thinking.
h ps://w .o g.uk/p ojec /ups eam- hinking/
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Figu e 58 E hical B oke example wi h Wa e company Sou h Wes Wa e and WRT
WRT ha e adop ed his e hical b oke posi ion ega ding Nu ien Neu ali y in he Wes coun y Region,
o ensu e ha he e is s a egic deli e y o in e en ions and ac ions. Wi hou his, de elope s may pay
o allow p oduc i e a mland, in unsui able loca ions, which will no ha e he g ea es bene i o
nu ien educ ion o he ca chmen and may impac on ood secu i y. New ma ke s a e o en
un egula ed, he e o e i is impo an o design he bes solu ions and o se schemes whe e possible, o
p o ide a b oade ange o bene i s including clima e change adap ion. Th ough he b oke ole, WRT will
wo k wi h in es o s, egula o s, communi ies and ca chmen pa ne ships o de elop solu ions ha
p o ide he g ea es bene i o e all.
Figu e 17 below, highligh s how an ecosys em se ices app oach can be used o as an al e na i e o he
adi ional ag icul u al p oduc ion model.
h ps://www.go .uk/go e nmen /publica ions/paymen s- o -ecosys em-se ices-pes-bes -p ac ice-guide
Figu e 59 Paymen s o Ecosys em Se ices
UK DEFRA (Depa men o En i onmen , Fa ming and Ru al A ai s) guidance on es ablishing and se ing
up PES schemes and he need o unde s and he cu en business model and alue o e i ica ion is shown
in Figu e 18.

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Figu e 60 Illus a ion om UK DEFRA guide o de elopmen o PES scheme
WRT has used PES me hodology, pa icula ly wi h wa e quali y issues, o pay o incen i ise landowne s
o change p ac ices o minimise impac s on wa e quali y. In es men om Wa e companies o und
hese imp o emen s is now pa o he in es men business plan o each unding cycle and has been
adop ed much o he UK, wi h Ri e s T us s o en ac ing as he b oke , due o hei exis ing ela ionships
wi h landowne s.
Th ough WRT’s wide s akeholde in ol emen he e ha e been examples o communi y g oups opposing
new de elopmen s in hei ca chmen s due o en i onmen al conce ns, including opposing he concep
o nu ien neu ali y ou igh . Engaging wi h communi y g oups and de eloping an ac i e p og amme
o Ci izen Science in he selec ed ca chmen s enables g ea e communi y awa eness o he bene i s o
NBS. This includes he wide co-bene i s his app oach can achie e abo e he simplis ic land- allowing
o en a ou ed by de elope s. These socie al impac s can be e alua ed h ough he public a endance a
wo kshops and moni o ing social media pos s.
I is expec ed ha many o he bene i s and impac s om inno a i e NBS deli e y and no el new nu ien
ading schemes will be ully ealised a e he imescales o he p ojec . WRT will con inue o build i s
longs anding wo k deli e ing NBS and seek u u e unding bo h o e alua e he legacy o he p ojec and
implemen he e idence-based ou comes mo e widely.
Selec ed indica o s
The e a e h ee main a eas whe e a success ul nu ien neu ali y scheme would ha e posi i e impac s.
These a e: En i onmen al imp o emen s wi hin he selec ed sensi i e ca chmen s; Economic bene i s
bo h o communi ies om unlocking de elopmen and p o iding al e na i e income o a me s and land
manage s; And inally social bene i s o inc easing engagemen and unde s anding o i e s and
ecosys ems, including h ea s and esilience.
En i onmen al imp o emen s
Expec ed impac s:
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Should he land use change be si ed s a egically in a eas adjacen o i e co ido s, he e will be he
g ea es di ec bene i o he en i onmen . The aim o he scheme is o educe nu ien s, p ima ily
phospha es, en e ing i e s and a ec ing wa e quali y. The WRT in e en ions ely on inc eased
hyd aulic esidence ime imp o ing nu ien e en ion in he ipa ian zone, whe e ege a ion imp o es
in si u deni i ica ion and phospha e emo al a es. Wa e quali y is subjec o spo sampling ac oss he
a ec ed ca chmen s by ci izen scien is s (CSI) and WRT s a . I may be ha d o demons a e a di ec link
wi h in e en ions a his scale on ca chmen wa e quali y o e his p ojec imespan, bu up and
downs eam sampling o in e en ion si es has commenced.
The e a e also co-bene i s o habi a s and species om his app oach which WRT will moni o h ough
habi a su eys (species ichness) and d one oo age (habi a ex en ). Ri e ly and ishe ies su eys will
p o ide in o ma ion abou he quali y o in- i e habi a . WRT will also moni o ecological unc ion
h ough soil analysis a in e en ion si es. Samples will be isually assessed o heal h based on s uc u e,
in il a ion a es and samples will be sen o a lab o soil o ganic ma e and nu ien con en analysis.
Economic De elopmen in he Ca chmen
Expec ed impac s:
The ini ia ion o a ading scheme allowing housing de elopmen o p oceed by mi iga ing addi ional
sewe age h ough land use o se s will o e come he planning hia us in he a ec ed ca chmen s. New
housing is needed o local people who p o ide a wo k o ce o sus ainable economic g ow h in a egion
whe e holiday homes and ou ism a e a dominan economic sec o . S udies (Lich ields, 2018) show ha
each £1m in es men in housing de elopmen suppo s a ound 19.9 di ec jobs, and 15.6 indi ec jobs,
as he cons uc ion indus y has an indi ec and induced employmen mul iplie o 2.23 (Lich ields, 2022).
This impac is mo e complex o assess bu he alue o P o se s ob ained can be exp essed as housing
uni s. The alue o capi alisa ion in (£) and alue o c edi s aded can also be used. Also, he numbe o
landowne s and in es o s/de elope s b ough in as pa o he scheme. A se o me ics a ound his can
be es ablished as a way o indica ing he impac . The e will be wide economic bene i s including he
p o ec ion o ou ism and ec ea ional alue.
Economic bene i s o a me s in paymen s o ecosys em se ices will be measu ed in he inancial alue
o BNG and P C edi s ob ained. WRT a e p o iding suppo wi h nu ien budge s on a ms, leading o
inancial sa ings om mo e e icien use o e ilise s. In addi ion he land use change and in e en ions
on loodplains will help e ain nu ien ich sedimen s which a e a aluable esou ce o a me s bu a
pollu an in i e s. Dep h o olume o sedimen s cap u ed a in e en ion si es will be measu ed, along
wi h he nu ien con en ia lab analysis.
Landowne and Communi y Engagemen
Expec ed impac s:
This will ocus on inc easing wide communi y awa eness and unde s anding o i e sys ems and h ea s,
p omo ing he bene i s o wa e use awa eness and d ough esilience.
The success o communi y engagemen ac i i ies is moni o ed and e alua ed hough quan i a i e,
quali a i e and na a i e app oaches. Me ics can include sign-ups o he Wes coun y Ci izen Science
scheme, numbe s o ac i e olun ee s and e en ion and numbe s o olun ee su eys. A endance a
pa icipa o y esea ch e en s and wo kshops o e ed by WRT and he mo i a ions o his and he
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ou comes and ac ions om hose wo kshops. Highe -le el engagemen h ough communi y g oups
wo king wi h WRT o de elop new Ci izen Science me hodologies and de elopmen o co- unding
s eams o d i e en i onmen al ou comes (wa e quali y and esou ces) which ha e been iden i ied as
impo an by he communi y, including landowne s and a me s, is also indica i e o inc eased
awa eness o , and ac ion o , clima e esilience.
Baseline da a
En i onmen al Indica o s
In he UK he e is no cen al da abase o all wa e quali y da a hus any exis ing a ailable baseline da a
mus be ex ac ed om a a ie y o sou ces subjec o a ailabili y and access. Na u al England base
calcula ions o phospha e loadings in p io i y Nu ien Na u ali y ca chmen s using da a a ailable in he
En i onmen Agency Wa e Quali y A chi e (WIMS) da abase (Wood e al 2022).
Ideally a leas i e yea s o si e-speci ic baseline da a is equi ed p io o he deli e y o NBS in e en ions
o p ope ly e alua e he impac s on di use pollu ion in a ca chmen and unding imescales scales a ely
allow o a uly empi ical app oach o gene a ing baseline da a. To augmen he cu en ly a ailable da a
se s a p og amme o mon hly spo moni o ing was es ablished in 2022 in bo h he Axe and Camel
ca chmen s which encompasses a ange o wa e quali y pa ame e s depending on he speci ic s udy si e.
These include: empe a u e, pH, conduc i i y, dissol ed oxygen, conduc i i y, u bidi y, ni a e and
ammonium, dissol ed o ganic ma e (CDOM), op ical b igh ening agen s and yp ophan. Please see he
Axe Sco eca d in he Appendix o ini ial ou pu s om his sampling.
Si es a e chosen ca e ully using GIS mapping and local knowledge o moni o he main i e s and hei
ibu a ies and o cap u e inpu s om di use and poin sou ce pollu ion. This app oach will build a s ong
da a se o baseline da a ac oss he ca chmen s and help o iden i y po en ial si es o NBS in e en ions.
The da a is s o ed in he Ca og aphe in eg a ed moni o ing, mapping, and da a in e p e a ion pla o m
and downloaded o addi ional analysis and epo ing.
In addi ion, WRT has collec ed he i s se o elec o ishing and bo anical su ey esul s on selec ed si es.
This da a will help o asce ain whe he we ha e achie ed BNG wi hin he demons a o si es, as well as
imp o emen s in habi a and wa e quali y.
Economic Indica o s
Due o he no el y o nu ien c edi schemes in he UK, he e is no cu en me hodology o assessing
he o al economic impac gene a ed. Baseline da a on he economic impac o he a ec ed ac i i ies
(housing de elopmen , ou ism, e c) is also highly di use. The e o e, a ange o sou ces & me hods mus
be used o assess he o al alue gene a ed.
The mos di ec economic impac will be land alue change, which can be used o asce ain he o al alue
o c edi s o landowne s. Baseline da a o cu en capi al lows/HA wi hin demons a o si es can be
ound using he NEVO modelling ool. De eloped by he Uni e si y o Exe e , his publicly a ailable model
enables analysis o exis ing land use and alue/ha/yea , spa ially esol ed o 2km2. Whils NEVO doesn’
cu en ly o e land use con e sion alues o accoun o wa e -quali y ela ed NBS, when compa ed o
he ul ima e alue o c edi s aded, i will be possible o asce ain he alue o land use change. In
addi ion, baseline da a on exis ing nu ien budge s can be ob ained om landowne s o unde s and he
addi ional inancial bene i s o NBS, as sa ely e-using nu ien - ich sedimen s cap u ed by in e en ions
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educes he amoun o in es men needed in e ilize s, enhancing he cos -e ec i eness o land use
con e sion.
The housing and de elopmen sec o is mos signi ican ly a ec ed by he c ea ion o nu ien c edi s,
howe e “due o he scale and complexi y o he house building indus y, he e is no single sou ce o da a
ha p o ides comp ehensi e in o ma ion abou i s day- o-day economic ac i i y and ope a ions”
(Lich ields, 2018). Baseline da a o he cu en economic alue o housing wi hin he demons a o si e
ca chmen s mus he e o e be ex ac ed om a a ie y o sou ces. Baseline da a on he es ima ed
economic alue o Housing Associa ion homes in he egion can be ound using he Na ional Housing
Fede a ion’s Local Economic Impac Calcula o . This ool p o ides bo h baseline da a on he G oss Value
Added (GVA) o social housing, agg ega ed by egion, as well as u u e p ojec ions based on p edic ed
housing de elopmen s. As he e will be some social housing implica ed in he de elopmen eleased by
nu ien c edi s, once exac numbe s a e known, he ool can be used o p o ide in o ma ion abou he
con ibu ion o hose p ope ies o he local economy.
Howe e , social housing only con ibu es 15% o he o al economic alue o housing in he UK, wi h
p i a e de elopmen con ibu ing 85% (Lich ields, 2018). Baseline da a on he economic alue o exis ing
p i a e de elopmen s is no cu en ly a ailable egionally, howe e , combining he housing de elopmen
and employmen a ge s ou lined in Local Plans (e.g he Co nwall Local Plan, 2021) wi h a ailable me ics
on job c ea ion, ax e enue and local in as uc u e, i will be possible o calcula e he alue gene a ed
by new housing de elopmen s in ela ion o hei con ibu ion o exis ing a ge s.
Figu e 19, able showing na ional alue o public o ‘social’ housing s. P i a e housing o he economy,
Lich ields 2018.
Baseline me ics o he p ojec ed numbe o jobs c ea ed & suppo ed by housing de elopmen ; ax
e enue gene a ed; and he con ibu ion o p i a e de elopmen o communi y in as uc u e a e
a ailable om Lich ields 2018 s udy, The Economic Foo p in o Housebuilding in England and Wales.
Finally, in o de o assess he alue o each indi idual c edi , baseline da a on he capi al on ed by
in es o s o comple e he wo ks can be acqui ed, o u u e compa ison wi h he ul ima e alue o c edi s
aded.
Social Engagemen Indica o s
An ac i e p og amme o Ci izen Science moni o ing ac oss he Axe and Camel ca chmen s p o ides high
spa ial densi y bu low speci ica ion moni o ing o wa e quali y pa ame e s including phospha e,
u bidi y, o al dissol ed solids and empe a u e. This oppo uni y will be ex ended o he Tone
ca chmen when mo e NBS si es become a ailable. As well as adding aluable baseline da a o e a wide
geog aphical a ea, engagemen wi h Ci izen Scien is s and local ecologically- ocused communi y g oups