SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES AND FIGURES FOR METABOLIC RESILIENCE IN
DAIRY GOATS: INSIGHTS FROM NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGE AND MILK
UNTARGETED METABOLOMICS
C. B osse1, J. Pi es1, S. Eme y1, C. Migne², M. B andolini-Bunlon², S. Du and², E.
Pujos-Guillo ², N. C. F iggens3,4, R. Rupp5*, M. Bonne 1*
1INRAE, UMRH, Rou e de Theix, 63122 Sain -Genès-Champanelle, F ance,
²GenPhySE - INRAE - Uni e si é de Toulouse - ENVT, 24 Chemin de Bo de-Rouge, F-
31326 Cas ane -Tolosan, F ance
3INRAE, PEGASE, 65 ue de Sain -B ieuc, 35042 Rennes, F ance,
4INRAE, UNH, Pla e o me d’Explo a ion du Mé abolisme, Me aboHUB Cle mon , 8 a enue
Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubiè e, F ance
5 UMR 0791 Modélisa ion Sys émique Appliquée aux Ruminan s, INRAE, Ag oPa isTech,
Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay, 75005 Pa is, F ance
*R. Rupp and M. Bonne sha e senio au ho ship.
In e p e i e Summa y :
F equency o nu i ional challenges is expec ed o inc ease wi h clima e change, and dai y goa s
will need o manage hese challenges o main ain heal h and p oduc i i y. We s udied how goa s
wi h di e en longe i y and esilience esponded o an acu e unde eeding pe iod. Using milk
me abolomics, we ound ha modi ica ions o milk concen a ion in ce ain molecules in
esponse o a nu i ional challenge we e linked o esilience and longe i y gene ic backg ound.
These esul s sugges ha milk con en in ce ain me aboli es can e eal how well goa s handle
nu i ional s ess and may help iden i y esilien animals.
Table S1 : Summa y o si e EBV o unc ional longe i y and he numbe o daugh e s
included in he s udy
EBV o unc ional
longe i y
Numbe o
o sp ing
Si e 1
-269
2
Si e 2
-216
1
Si e 3
-204
7
Si e 4
-194
3
Si e 5
-186
2
Si e 6
-133
5
Si e 7
-69
4
Si e 8
-1
2
Si e 9
34
6
Si e 10
68
1
Si e 11
98
2
Si e 12
99
4
Si e 13
145
1
Si e 14
203
6
Si e 15
242
3
Si e 16
242
4
Si e 17
273
9
Si e 18
311
5
Si e 19
365
1
Si e 20
NA
1
Si e 21
NA
1
Es ima ed b eeding alues (EBV) o unc ional longe i y
and he numbe o o sp ing pe si e included in he s udy.
The EBV indica es gene ic po en ial o longe i y excluding
p oduc i i y- ela ed culling. Two si es ha e no a ailable
EBV da a (NA).
Table S2 : Leas squa es means (LSmeans) and changes du ing a 2-day unde eeding
challenge o zoo echnical milk p oduc ion pa ame e s, 13 milk me aboli es, and 1 enzyme in
70 Alpine goa s. A Type III ANOVA was used o compa e esilience g oups (LOW_RES and
NORM_RES), adjus ing o li e size (1 s. 2+) and expe imen al coho s (3 a m/yea ).
Measu emen s we e aken a he s a (36 ± 5 days in milk) and a he end (38 ± 5 days in
milk) o he challenge (2 days wi h access o s aw only) du ing mo ning milkings.
Compa isons be ween LOW_RES and NORM_RES g oups a e p esen ed o p e-challenge
(D0) concen a ions and changes du ing he challenge (D2–D0).
P e-challenge (D0)
Challange (D2-D0)
LSmeans o
LOW_RES (SE )
LSmeans o
NORM_RES (SE )
P- alue
LSmeans o
LOW_RES (SE)
LSmeans o
NORM_RES (SE)
P- alue
BOHB (mic oM)
28.58 (1.48)
27.85 (0.89)
0.67
20.69 (5.17)
17.37 (3.13)
0.58
Chol (mic oM)
261.14 (13.06)
258.63 (7.9)
0.87
440.70 (32.76)
366.60 (19.82)
0.05
Choline (mic oM)
1.32 (0.07)
1.22 (0.04)
0.19
2.35 (0.16)
2.07 (0.10)
0.14
Gal (mic oM)
63.08 (4.75)
66.76 (2.87)
0.50
29.23 (5.71)
31.06 (3.45)
0.78
Glu (mic oM)
218.62 (19.73)
220.37 (11.93)
0.94
-66.67 (18.59)
-75.67 (11.24)
0.67
Glu6P (mic oM)
61.18 (2.26)
64.74 (1.37)
0.17
-34.26 (3.24)
-20.20 (1.96)
< 0.01
Glu ama e (mic oM)
177.37 (16.67)
209.62 (10.08)
0.10
-115.74 (15.07)
-110.54 (9.12)
0.76
isoci a e (mic oM)
181.14 (13.86)
188.41 (8.38)
0.65
82.31 (13.57)
50.78 (8.21)
0.05
LDH (UI)
9.8 (0.9)
11.54 (0.55)
0.1
48.72 (4.32)
49.54 (2.61)
0.87
Mala e (mic oM)
82.89 (8.11)
95.73 (4.91)
0.17
-57.74 (7.65)
-60.95 (4.63)
0.72
NH2 (glu ama e
mic o eq )
1567.52 (85.63)
1677.41 (51.79)
0.27
-439.33 (75.32)
-179.24 (45.56)
< 0.01
TAG (mM)
56.21 (3.17)
52.37 (1.92)
0.29
63.15 (5.09)
56.24 (3.08)
0.24
U a e (mic oM)
45.75 (6.33)
49.07 (3.83)
0.65
44.63 (9.54)
47.11 (5.77)
0.82
U ea (mM)
6.75 (0.28)
6.37 (0.17)
0.24
-1.90 (0.32)
-1.01 (0.20)
0.02
MY (kg/d)
3.04 (0.12)
2.91 (0.07)
0.34
-1.81 (0.10)
-1.63 (0.06)
0.13
MFC (g/kg)
44.54 (1.21)
42.01 (0.73)
0.07
39.78 (1.95)
34.69 (1.18)
0.03
MFP (g/kg)
32.66 (0.52)
33.39 (0.32)
0.23
3.75 (0.73)
1.20 (0.44)
< 0.01
SCS
5.16 (0.39)
4.88 (0.24)
0.52
1.55 (0.53)
0.13 (0.32)
0.02
Glucose-6-phospha e (Glu6P), glucose (Glu), galac ose (Gal), β-hyd oxy-bu y a e (BOHB), isoci a e, glu ama e, NH2, u ea,
Cholinee, mala e, u a e, iacylglyce ols (TAG), choles e ol (Chol) and lac a e dehyd ogenase enzyme (LDH). Milk pe o mance:
daily milk yield (MY), a io o a con en o p o ein con en (F:P a io), a con en (MFC), p o ein con en (MPC), soma ic cells sco e
(SCS).
Table S3 : Leas squa es means (LSmeans) and changes du ing a 2-day unde eeding
challenge o zoo echnical milk p oduc ion pa ame e s, 13 milk me aboli es, and 1 enzyme in
138 Alpine goa s. A Type III ANOVA was used o compa e esilience g oups (LOW_RES
and NORM_RES), adjus ing o li e size (1 s. 2+) and expe imen al coho s (3 a m/yea ).
Measu emen s we e aken a he s a (36 ± 5 days in milk) and a he end (38 ± 5 days in
milk) o he challenge (2 days wi h access o s aw only) du ing mo ning milkings.
Compa isons be ween LOW_RES and NORM_RES g oups a e p esen ed o p e-challenge
(D0) concen a ions and challenge-induced changes (D2–D0).
Table S4 : Co ela ion be ween si e EBV o unc ional longe i y (n = 19) and o sp ing
me aboli e le els (n = 68) a p e-challenge and hei changes du ing a nu i ional challenge,
weigh ed by numbe o o sp ing. Me aboli e anno a ions we e ob ained ia MS/MS analysis.
Displayed co ela ions ha e aw p- alues < 0.05; FDR co esponds o BH-co ec ed p- alues.
P e-challenge (D0)
Challange (D2-D0)
LSmeans o
LOW_RES (SE )
LSmeans o
NORM_RES (SE )
P- alue
LSmeans o
LOW_RES (SE)
LSmeans o
NORM_RES (SE)
P- alue
BHB (mic oM)
28,58 (1,02)
27,85 (0,62)
0,54
20,69 (3,59)
17,37 (2,17)
0,42
Chol (mic oM)
261,14 (9,06)
258,63 (5,48)
0,81
440,7 (22,73)
366,6 (13,75)
0,01
Cholinee (mic oM)
1,32 (0,05)
1,22 (0,03)
0,06
2,35 (0,11)
2,07 (0,07)
0,03
Gal (mic oM)
20,99 (2,61)
23,59 (1,58)
0,39
3,27 (1,85)
0,09 (1,12)
0,14
Glu (mic oM)
95,31 (9,05)
82,47 (5,47)
0,22
-40,24 (9,55)
-33,24 (5,78)
0,52
Glu6P (mic oM)
20,06 (1,2)
23,57 (0,72)
0,01
-10,69 (1,9)
-4,16 (1,15)
< 0.01
Glu ama e (mic oM)
177,37 (11,56)
209,62 (6,99)
0,02
-115,74 (10,46)
-110,54 (6,33)
0,67
isoci a e (mic oM)
181,14 (9,61)
188,41 (5,82)
0,51
82,31 (9,42)
50,78 (5,7)
< 0.01
LDH (UI)
9,8 (0,63)
11,54 (0,38)
0,02
48,72 (2,99)
49,54 (1,81)
0,81
Mala e (mic oM)
82,89 (5,63)
95,73 (3,4)
0,05
-57,74 (5,31)
-60,95 (3,21)
0,6
NH2 (glu ama e
mic o eq )
1567,52 (59,4)
1677,41 (35,93)
0,11
-439,33 (52,25)
-179,24 (31,6)
< 0.01
TAG (mM)
56,21 (2,2)
52,37 (1,33)
0,13
63,15 (3,53)
56,24 (2,14)
0,09
U a e (mic oM)
45,75 (4,39)
49,07 (2,66)
0,51
44,63 (6,62)
47,11 (4)
0,74
U ea (mM)
6,75 (0,19)
6,37 (0,12)
0,09
-1,9 (0,23)
-1,01 (0,14)
< 0.01
Mass_RT_Fo mula
Anno a ion
P e-challenge/Chalenge
(Tendancy*)
Co w/EBV
s dE
P_Value
FDR_P_Value
M123.0554T1.19
Nico inamide
Change (Dec ease)
-0.49
0.21
0.03
0.42
M146.1652T0.71
Spe midine
P e-challenge
0.53
0.20
0.02
0.65
M146.1652T0.71
Spe midine
Change (Inc ease)
-0.50
0.21
0.03
0.41
M218.1389T3.16
P opionylca ni ine
Change (Dec ease)
-0.40
0.22
0.09
0.53
M262.1286T1.19_1
C4-DC ca ni ine
Change (Dec ease)
-0.76
0.16
< 0.00
0.01
M480.3088T15.44
PE(0:0/18:1(11Z))
P e-challenge
0.43
0.22
0.06
0.65
M480.3088T15.44
PE(0:0/18:1(11Z))
Change (Inc ease)
-0.46
0.21
0.04
0.41
*"Tendency" indica es he mean end du ing he challenge.
Figu e 1 : Co ela ion be ween si e EBV o unc ional longe i y (n = 19) and o sp ing
me aboli e le els (n = 68) a p e-challenge (D0) and hei changes (logFC) du ing a nu i ional
challenge, weigh ed by he numbe o o sp ing. Me aboli es a e desc ibed by hei mass and
e en ion ime ob ained ia LC-MS, and whe he hey co espond o baseline (D0) o change
(logFC), as indica ed by he labels M_XXT_XX_D0 o M_XXT_XX_LogFC. All displayed
me aboli es show signi ican o sugges i e co ela ions a e FDR co ec ion (FDR < 0.10).
The co ela ion coe icien ( ) ep esen s he weigh ed Spea man co ela ion compu ed using
he weigh ed R package.
