GROUNDWATER QUALITY EVALUATION IN TAMIL NADU USING CRITIC METHOD IN MADM

Eu opean Summi on In e disciplina y Resea ch and De elopmen - An In e na ional Resea ch Con e ence
Published By C ys al Pen Publica ion, Pe ambalu , Tamil Nadu, India - www.c ys alpen.in
ESIRD - 2025 P oceedings, Da e: No embe 30, 2025, ISBN Numbe : 978-93-49435-80-3
74
GROUNDWATER QUALITY EVALUATION IN TAMIL NADU
USING CRITIC METHOD IN MADM
G. Sugap iya* & S. Ind akala**
* Ph.D Resea ch Schola , Depa men o Ma hema ics, K.N. Go e nmen A s College
(A ilia ed o Bha a hidasan Uni e si y), Thanja u , Tamil Nadu, India
** Associa e P o esso & Resea ch Ad iso , Depa men o Ma hema ics, K.N.
Go e nmen A s College (A ilia ed o Bha a hidasan Uni e si y), Thanja u ,
Tamil Nadu, India
Ci e This A icle: G. Sugap iya, S. Ind akala. (No embe 2025). G oundwa e Quali y E alua ion in Tamil
Nadu Using CRITIC Me hod in MADM. In P oceedings o he Eu opean Summi on In e disciplina y Resea ch
and De elopmen (pp. 74-76). Pe ambalu , Tamil Nadu, India: C ys al Pen Publica ion.
ISBN: 978-93-49435-80-3
Publishe Websi e: www.c ys alpen.in
Copy Righ : © 2025 C ys al Pen Publica ion (CPP). All igh s ese ed. This is an open access a icle
dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY), which pe mi s un es ic ed
use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed.
DOI:
Abs ac :
G oundwa e is a i al esou ce o domes ic, ag icul u al, and indus ial use in Tamil Nadu, whe e
su ace wa e a ailabili y is limi ed and ain all is highly a iable. Assessing g oundwa e quali y is essen ial o
sus ainable managemen and sa e u iliza ion. This s udy e alua es he g oundwa e quali y o selec ed dis ic s in
Tamil Nadu using he CRITIC (C i e ia Impo ance h ough In e c i e ia Co ela ion) me hod wi hin he Mul i-
A ibu e Decision-Making (MADM) amewo k. Key physicochemical pa ame e s such as pH, chlo ide, ni a e,
and luo ide we e analyzed. The CRITIC me hod was applied o objec i ely de e mine he weigh s o hese
pa ame e s based on hei con as in ensi y and in e -c i e ia co ela ion, elimina ing subjec i e bias.
G oundwa e quali y indices we e hen compu ed o ank sampling loca ions acco ding o hei sui abili y o
d inking and i iga ion pu poses. The esul s e eal spa ial a ia ions in g oundwa e quali y, highligh ing
egions wi h highe con amina ion isks due o an h opogenic ac i i ies and geogenic ac o s. The in eg a ed
CRITIC-MADM app oach p o es o be an e ec i e and obus decision-suppo ool o g oundwa e quali y
assessmen and egional wa e esou ce planning in Tamil Nadu.
Key Wo ds: MADM, CRITIC, WQI, Physicochemical Pa ame e s.
In oduc ion:
G oundwa e is one o he mos essen ial na u al esou ces, playing a i al ole in sus aining human
li e, ag icul u e, and indus ial de elopmen . In Tamil Nadu, g oundwa e se es as he p ima y sou ce o
d inking wa e and i iga ion, especially in u al and semi-u ban a eas whe e su ace wa e a ailabili y is
limi ed. Due o inc easing popula ion, apid u baniza ion, and in ensi e ag icul u al ac i i ies, he demand o
g oundwa e has g own signi ican ly, leading o o e exploi a ion and de e io a ion o wa e quali y in many
egions. The e o e, a sys ema ic assessmen o g oundwa e quali y is c ucial o ensu ing i s sus ainable
u iliza ion. The e alua ion o g oundwa e quali y in ol es he analysis o a ious physicochemical pa ame e s
such as pH, chlo ides, ni a es, and luo ide. Howe e , hese pa ame e s a y spa ially and empo ally, making i
di icul o in e p e wa e quali y di ec ly. Mul i-A ibu e Decision-Making (MADM) echniques p o ide an
e ec i e amewo k o analyzing complex en i onmen al da a by in eg a ing mul iple indica o s in o a single
decision model.
Among a ious MADM weigh ing me hods, he CRITIC (C i e ia Impo ance h ough In e c i e ia
Co ela ion) me hod is an objec i e app oach ha de e mines he ela i e impo ance o each pa ame e based on
i s con as in ensi y and co ela ion wi h o he pa ame e s. Unlike subjec i e weigh ing echniques, he CRITIC
me hod minimizes human bias and imp o es he eliabili y o g oundwa e quali y assessmen . By applying he
CRITIC me hod wi hin he MADM amewo k, his s udy aims o e alua e and ank g oundwa e quali y ac oss
selec ed dis ic s o Tamil Nadu. The esul s will help iden i y egions wi h poo wa e quali y and suppo
policymake s in implemen ing e ec i e g oundwa e managemen s a egies.
C i ic Me hod:
The CRITIC (C i e ia Impo ance h ough In e c i e ia Co ela ion) me hod, de eloped by Diakoulaki
e al. (1995), is one o he mos e ec i e objec i e weigh ing echniques. I de e mines he impo ance o each
c i e ion by conside ing wo key aspec s: he con as in ensi y ( a iabili y o each c i e ion) and he con lic
(co ela ion) among c i e ia. A c i e ion wi h highe a iabili y and lowe co ela ion wi h o he s is assigned a
g ea e weigh , indica ing i s highe con ibu ion o decision di e en ia ion. In he con ex o en i onmen al and
wa e esou ce s udies, he CRITIC me hod helps elimina e subjec i e bias and ensu es a mo e balanced
assessmen o mul iple wa e quali y pa ame e s. When in eg a ed wi hin he MADM amewo k, he CRITIC
me hod enhances he accu acy and obus ness o decision-making by objec i ely p io i izing he in luencing
ac o s.
Eu opean Summi on In e disciplina y Resea ch and De elopmen - An In e na ional Resea ch Con e ence
Published By C ys al Pen Publica ion, Pe ambalu , Tamil Nadu, India - www.c ys alpen.in
ESIRD - 2025 P oceedings, Da e: No embe 30, 2025, ISBN Numbe : 978-93-49435-80-3
75
S ep 1:
The decision ma ix X is o med. I shows he pe o mance o di e en al e na i es wi h espec o
a ious c i e ia.
X = [𝑟𝑖𝑗]𝑚×𝑛 = 𝑟11 𝑟12 ⋯ 𝑟1𝑛
𝑟21 𝑟22 ⋯𝑟2𝑛
⋮
𝑟𝑚1⋮
𝑟𝑚2⋯ ⋮
𝑟𝑚𝑛 ; 𝑖= 1,2, …,𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑗= 1,2, …,𝑛
Whe e 𝑟𝑖𝑗 p esen s he pe o mance alue o i h al e na i es on j h c i e ion.
S ep 2:
Decision ma ix is no malized using he ollowing equa ion.
𝑋𝑖𝑗∗= 𝑟𝑖𝑗−𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑗
max 𝑟𝑖𝑗 −𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑗 𝑖= 1,2, …,𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑗= 1,2, …,𝑛
𝑋𝑖𝑗∗is he no malized pe o mance alue o i h al e na i e on j h c i e ion.
S ep 3:
Co ela ion coe icien among a ibu es is de e mined.
𝜌𝑗𝑘= 𝑥𝑖𝑗−𝑥 𝑗
𝑚
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑗𝑘−𝑥 𝑘 / 𝑥𝑖𝑗−𝑥 𝑗 2
𝑚
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑗𝑘−𝑥 𝑘 2
𝑚
𝑖=1
𝑥 𝑗 and 𝑥 𝑘display he mean o j h and k h a ibu es.𝜌𝑗𝑘 is he co ela ion coe icien be ween j h and k h
a ibu es. 𝑥 𝑗=1
𝑛 𝑥𝑖𝑗
𝑛𝑗=1 ; 𝑖= 1,2, …,𝑚
S ep 4:
S anda d de ia ion o each a ibu e is es ima ed.
𝜎𝑗= 1
𝑛−1 𝑥𝑖𝑗−𝑥 𝑗 2
𝑛𝑗=1 ; 𝑖= 1,2, …,𝑚
Then, he index (C) is calcula ed 𝐶𝑗=𝜎𝑗 1−𝜌𝑗𝑘
𝑛𝑘=1 ; 𝑗= 1,2, …,𝑛
S ep 5:
Weigh o a ibu es a e de e mined. 𝑤𝑗=𝐶𝑗
𝐶𝑗
𝑛𝑗=1
Example:
To illus a e he applica ion o he CRITIC me hod wi hin he MADM amewo k, a s udy was
conduc ed on g oundwa e samples collec ed om di e en dis ic s o Tamil Nadu, such as Coimba o e,
Madu ai, T ichy, and Thanja u . G oundwa e quali y was e alua ed based on key physicochemical pa ame e s
including pH, Chlo ide (Cl⁻), Ni a e (NO₃⁻), and Fluo ide (F⁻).
Solu ion:
S ep 1: Decision ma ix
ph
Cl
NO₃
F
Coimba o e
8.05
127.63
39.63
0.49
Madu ai
7.75
340.33
31
0.69
T ichy
8.32
402.2
9.82
0.5
Thanja u
7.99
225.78
5.62
0.4
S ep 2: No malized alues o decision ma ix
ph
Cl
NO₃
F
Coimba o e
0.526316
0
1
0.310345
Madu ai
0
0.774666
0.746251
1
T ichy
1
1
0.123493
0.344828
Thanja u
0.421053
0.357468
0
0
S ep 3: Co ela ion Coe icien
ph
Cl
NO₃
F
Coimba o e
1
0.205608
-0.43812
-0.57444
Madu ai
0.2056085
1
-0.45918
0.423608
T ichy
-0.438119
-0.45918
1
0.534928
Thanja u
-0.574444
0.423608
0.534928
1
Eu opean Summi on In e disciplina y Resea ch and De elopmen - An In e na ional Resea ch Con e ence
Published By C ys al Pen Publica ion, Pe ambalu , Tamil Nadu, India - www.c ys alpen.in
ESIRD - 2025 P oceedings, Da e: No embe 30, 2025, ISBN Numbe : 978-93-49435-80-3
76
S ep 4: S anda d De ia ion
ph
Cl
NO₃
F
Coimba o e
0
0.352705
0.693762
0.661967
Madu ai
0.326324
0
0.703919
0.242341
T ichy
0.590758
0.647865
0
0.195537
Thanja u
0.646758
0.255914
0.224355
0
Cj
1.563839
1.256485
1.622036
1.099844
S ep 5: Weigh s
W1
4.978365
W2
4.781826
W3
5.015578
W4
4.681662
The Final Ranking o A ibu es:
The weigh s o he a ibu es a e a anged in descending o de
𝑊
3>
𝑊
1>
𝑊
2>
𝑊
4
The e o e, i is concluded ha he hi d a ibu es C3 (T ichy)is highly p e e ed han he o he
a ibu es and he inal anking o a ibu es is as ollows:
𝐶
3>
𝐶
1>
𝐶
2>
𝐶
4
Conclusion:
The esul s indica ed ha a ibu es
𝐶
3had he highes in luence on g oundwa e quali y, e lec ing bo h
na u al and an h opogenic impac s. The in eg a ed CRITIC - MADM app oach success ully iden i ied egions
wi h poo wa e quali y and po en ial con amina ion isks, he eby highligh ing he need o e ec i e moni o ing
and managemen p ac ices.
Re e ences:
1. Alinezhad, Ali eza, and Ja ad Khalili. New Me hods and Applica ions in Mul iple A ibu e Decision
Making (MADM). Sp inge , 2020.
2. Hugo Loaiciga, Omid Bozo g-Haddad, and Babak Zolghad - Asli. A Handbook on Mul i - A ibu e
Decision - Making Me hods. Ma ch 2021, Wiley.
3. Shoba, e al. “Applica ions o Mul i A ibu e Decision Making P oblem.” E3S Web o Con e ences
491. Accessed 15 June 2025.
4. Adalı, Es a Ay aç, and Ayşegül Tuş Işık. “C i ic and Mau Me hods o he Con ac Manu ac u e
Selec ion P oblem.” Eu opean Jou nal o Mul idisciplina y S udies, no. 1, EUSER, May 2017, p. 93.
5. K ishnan, Ana h Rau, e al. “A Modi ied CRITIC Me hod o Es ima e he Objec i e Weigh s o
Decision C i e ia.” Symme y, no. 6, MDPI AG, May 2021, p. 973.