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RATIONAL NUTRITION AND ITS PRINCIPLES
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17679452
M.Rakhma o
Associa e P o esso
o Sama kand Za med Uni e si y
Di ec ion o medical wo k
2nd cou se s uden Rakhma o a Dilnu a Olimo na
Abs ac
This a icle p esen s ma e ials on he chemical composi ion o ood p oduc s and hei
impo ance, me abolism, a ional nu i ion and p inciples o a ional nu i ion.
Keywo ds
Food p oduc s, chemical composi ion, a s, p o eins, ca bohyd a es, i amins,
me abolism. Ra ional nu i ion, p inciples o a ional nu i ion.
Na u e has gi en man e y ew oppo uni ies o li e a heal hy li e. Physical
educa ion and spo s, p ope o ganiza ion o wo k and es , a ional nu i ion - all
his embodies a heal hy li es yle. None o hese can be igno ed.
Food is no only a means o p o iding he human body wi h he necessa y
nu ien s and ene gy, bu also a means o c ea ing a sense o as e, com o , and joy
ha li e has c ea ed o humans. Acco ding o doc o s, scien is s, and nu i ionis s,
heal hy ea ing habi s educe he isk o ca dio ascula diseases by 20-30% and
diabe es by 50%. I he die we e p ope ly o ganized and he body was p o ided
wi h he necessa y nu ien s, humani y would be comple ely ee om anemia,
ood alle gies, alcoholism, oo h loss, and join and bone diseases. Science has
con incingly p o en he impo ance o p ope nu i ion in p e en ing many
diseases.
P ope nu i ion is especially impo an o child en and adolescen s. In many
coun ies, in he yea s a e Wo ld Wa II, i was ound ha he heigh and weigh
o child en and adolescen s inc eased signi ican ly compa ed o hei pee s in he
1920s and 1930s. This is called accele a ion o he de elopmen p ocess and is a
di ec esul o imp o ed nu i ion.
We use he ph ases “heal hy, conscious, p ope nu i ion” as synonyms.
P ope nu i ion is he basis o human g ow h, de elopmen , es o a ion o heal h,
all- ound de elopmen o a pe son, and longe i y.
Food o ood p oduc s a e all objec s and p ocessed p oduc s o na u e ha
su ound us, nu ien s ha a pe son consumes o li e, build ene gy sou ces. They
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a e he s uc u e o he body, he enewal o o gans and issues, and also he sou ce
o ene gy o a pe son o pe o m wo k. Nu ien s a e di ided in o 6 main g oups:
ca bohyd a es, p o eins, a s, i amins, mine als and wa e . Nu ien s a e di ided
in o mac onu ien s ( om he G eek "mac o" - small).
The human body consis s o p o eins, a s, ca bohyd a es, i amins, wa e and
mine al elemen s ha en e he body wi h ood. Ou body has pa ial ese es o all
nu ien s, bu he ese es and hei shel li e di e signi ican ly om each o he .
The longes “li ing” amino acids a e s o ed in bones - 7 yea s, while some amino
acids expi e a e a ew hou s a e ea ing. The li e o wa e ese es is 4 days, and a
pe son canno li e wi hou wa e o mo e han 5-7 days. In his a icle, we will
b ie ly e iew he knowledge abou a ional nu i ion and i s p inciples. The main
p inciples o p ope nu i ion a e compliance wi h he chemical composi ion o
ood in acco dance wi h he physiological needs o he body. Failu e o comply
wi h hese p inciples can lead o unc ional changes, pa hological condi ions and
dea h. The main p inciples o nu i ional balance a e he co ec p o ision o
biologically ac i e subs ances - p o eins, a s, ca bohyd a es, i amins and mine als
- depending on he age, gende and gene al li e ac i i y o he o ganism. The
balance be ween p o eins, a s and ca bohyd a es is e y well s udied and is aken
in o accoun when d awing up a die . The a io be ween p o eins, a s and
ca bohyd a es should be 1:2.7; 4.6. The chemical composi ion o nu ien s is
de e mined by he ood complex consis ing o p o eins, a s, ca bohyd a es,
i amins, mine al sal s and wa e . Acco ding o hei unc ional o ien a ion,
nu ien s a e di ided in o ene gy ( a s, ca bohyd a es), basic plas ic (p o eins, a
numbe o mine als, wa e ) and basic ca aly ic ( i amins, mic oelemen s). Nu ien s
a e di ided in o essen ial nu ien s (ca bohyd a es and a s) and non-essen ial
nu ien s (which include amino acids, all i amins, and mos mine als) based on
hei necessi y.
P o eins. P o eins a e high-molecula o ganic subs ances consis ing o amino
acids. P o eins a e an essen ial and i eplaceable componen o nu i ion. I is
especially impo an o g owing child en and adolescen s o ha e a su icien
amoun o p o ein, because only wi h such nu i ion can he body g ow and
de elop e ec i ely. In he p ocess o li e, p o eins in cells a e b oken down and
enewed. To suppo hese p ocesses, i is necessa y o p o ide he body wi h a
daily supply o aluable p o ein wi h ood. P o ein is pa o he nucleus and
cy oplasm o cells. P o eins a e impo an in he human body.
P o ein, a , ca bohyd a e and ene gy needs o people by age and gende : -
Men
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G oup
Age
P o ein (g)
Fa (g)
Ca bohyd a e
(g)
Ene gy
(kkal)
I
18–29
91
88
378
2800
I
30–39
88
83
365
2700
I
40–59
83
79
344
2500
II
18–29
90
87
412
3000
II
30–39
87
82
399
2900
II
40–59
82
77
378
2750
III
18–29
96
93
440
3200
III
30–39
88
88
426
3100
III
40–59
88
82
406
2950
IV
18–29
102
99
518
3700
IV
30–39
99
95
504
3600
IV
40–59
95
90
483
3450
V
18–29
118
113
602
4300
V
30–39
113
107
574
4100
V
40–59
107
102
546
3900
Women:
G oup
Age
P o ein (g)
Fa (g)
Ca bohyd a e
(g)
Ene gy
(kkal)
I
18–29
78
75
324
2400
I
30–39
75
72
310
2300
I
40–59
72
70
297
2200
II
18–29
77
74
351
2550
II
30–39
74
70
337
2450
II
40–59
70
67
323
2350
III
18–29
81
79
371
2700
III
30–39
79
75
358
2600
III
40–59
75
72
344
2500
IV
18–29
87
84
441
3150
IV
30–39
84
80
427
3050
IV
40–59
80
76
406
2900
P inciples o a ional nu i ion
Ra ional nu i ion is impo an o a pe son o be heal hy and s ong, o he
no mal g ow h and de elopmen o a young o ganism, and o good wo king
capaci y.
Ra ional nu i ion is he co ec o ganiza ion o imely p o ision o he body
wi h nu i ious and as y ood ich in a ious nu ien s.
Ra ional nu i ion is he p o ision o nu ien s in an amoun ha ensu es he
con inuous enewal o issues and o gans in acco dance wi h he daily ene gy
expendi u e o he body.
Ra ional nu i ion gua an ees he imely p o ision o he body wi h i amins,
mic oelemen s and o he subs ances necessa y o no mal li e.
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Ra ional nu i ion equi es a clea nu i ional egimen, ha is, i is necessa y o
co ec ly dis ibu e he amoun o ood ea en du ing he day, a wha ime, and
how many imes i is ea en, and he nu i ional alue o each meal.
The e a e 4 main p inciples o a ional nu i ion.
1. The ene gy needed by a pe son h oughou his li e should en e he body
wi h ood. The e should be a balance be ween he p oduc ion and consump ion o
ene gy in he body.
2. Food should mee he physiological needs o he body, con ain nu ien s in
su icien quan i ies and in he app op ia e p opo ions.
3. In o de o comply wi h he die , i is necessa y o consume he app op ia e
amoun o ood a a ce ain ime du ing he day.
4. The p epa ed ood mus be p ope ly p ocessed by cooks so ha i s
nu i ional p ope ies a e no los .
All measu es should be aken o ensu e ha he ood is ea en wi h appe i e
and diges ed, and sani a y and hygienic ules should be ollowed o p e en
con amina ion o he p oduc .
LIST OF USED REFERENCES:
1. 1). I.F. Po lo skaya i.d . «Fiziologiya pi aniya» Mosk a «Vыsщaya
shkola» 1989. 368 s .
2. 2). M. Mo’mino a. «O qa lanish iziologiyasi». Toshken 2007.
3. 3). Pa hez aomla oshxonasi “O’zbek das u xoni Toshken “Yangi as
a lodi” 2005 yil.
4. 4). M. A. Maksumo a, M. N. Mo’mino a, N. B. Mansu o a
O qa lanish iziologiyasi asosla i, sani a iya a gigiyena. Toshken . “Vo is-
nash iyo ” 2017.
5. 5). Г. П. Ламажанова Физиология питания. Москва. “Мир науки”
2016. 146 стр.
6. 6). Молчанова Е. Н. Физиология питания. Учебное пособие. Санкт-
Петербург. «Троицкий мост» 2014. 240 стр.
7. 7). Е. А. Рубина Физиология питания. Учебник для студ. учреж.
высш. проф. Образования. М. Издателский цент. «Академия» 2014. 208 стр.
8. 8). Васильева И. В. Физиология питания. Учебник и практикум для
СПО. Москва. 2016.
9. 9). Е. Амбросьева и др. Физиология питания. Учебник. М. 2017. 243
стр.
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10. 10).M.Raxma o , M.N. Rasulo a . O qa lanish iziologiyasi.
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