Manmohan K ishna Pandey e al. Sc eening o Hype ension among Ou pa ien s a a Te ia y Ca e Cen e in Gonda
(UP), INDIA. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 289‐291, 2025
289
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O iginal A icle
Sc eening o Hype ension among Ou pa ien s a a Te ia y Ca e Cen e in
Gonda (UP), INDIA
Manmohan K ishna Pandey1, Pu nima Mi a Pandey2
1 P o esso , Depa men o Medicine, Au onomous S a e Medical College, Gonda, U a P adesh, India
2 Associa e P o esso , Depa men o Pa hology, Au onomous S a e Medical College, Gonda, U a P adesh, India
A B S T R A C T
Co esponding Au ho :
D . Manmohan K ishna Pandey
P o esso , Depa men o
Medicine, Au onomous S a e
Medical College, Gonda, U a
P adesh, India.
Recei ed: 14-10-2025
Accep ed: 29-10-2025
A ailable online: 12-11-2025
Backg ound: Hype ension is a leading modi iable isk ac o o ca dio ascula
disease. Local hospi al-le el da a on p e alence, awa eness, ea men , and con ol
a e essen ial o guide sc eening and managemen p og ams.
Objec i es: To es ima e he p e alence o hype ension, documen awa eness,
ea men , and con ol a es, and desc ibe he majo complica ions associa ed wi h
hype ension among adul ou pa ien s a ending a e ia y ca e cen e in Gonda,
U a P adesh.
Me hods: C oss-sec ional sc eening o adul ou pa ien s (≥18 yea s) isi ing
ou pa ien depa men s be ween Sep embe 2024 and Augus 2025. A o al o
44,367 consecu i e consen ing pa icipan s had blood p essu e measu ed ollowing
s anda d p o ocol. Hype ension was de ined as sys olic BP ≥140 mmHg and/o
dias olic BP ≥90 mmHg o sel - epo ed an ihype ensi e use. Da a on awa eness,
ea men , con ol, and complica ions we e analyzed using desc ip i e s a is ics.
Resul s: O e all hype ension p e alence: 28.5% (95% CI 27.9–29.1). Among
hype ensi es, awa eness was 52.3%, ea men 45.7%, and con ol 19.8%.
Complica ions we e obse ed in 22.5% o hype ensi e pa ien s. The mos equen
complica ions we e hype ensi e hea disease (8.9%), s oke/TIA (5.1%), ch onic
kidney disease (4.3%), and e inopa hy (3.2%).
Conclusions: Sc eening o 44,367 ou pa ien s e ealed a high p e alence o
hype ension wi h low con ol a es and conside able a ge o gan damage. Ea ly
de ec ion and managemen a e essen ial o educe mo bidi y and mo ali y.
Copy igh © In e na ional Jou nal o
Medical and Pha maceu ical Resea ch
Keywo ds: Hype ension; P e alence; Awa eness; T ea men ; Con ol;
Complica ions; Te ia y Ca e; India.
INTRODUCTION
Despi e imp o ed medical managemen , ca dio ascula disease (CVD) emains he leading cause o mo ali y o bo h
men and women in he Uni ed S a es¹ and wo ldwide², wi h o he ascula - ela ed diseases such as s oke, diabe es, and
ch onic kidney disease anking in he op 10¹. Hype ension (HTN), an ele a ion in blood p essu e (BP) mee ing a cu -
poin , is a majo modi iable isk ac o o hese condi ions³,⁴.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This c oss-sec ional, hospi al-based s udy was conduc ed a he e ia y ca e hospi al Gonda, U a P adesh o e one yea
(Sep embe 2024 – Augus 2025)¹,². All adul ou pa ien s aged ≥18 yea s we e eligible, excluding p egnan women,
c i ically ill pa ien s, and hose unable o p o ide in o med consen ³. BP measu emen s ollowed s anda d p o ocol using
alida ed au oma ed sphygmomanome e s⁴,⁵. Hype ension was de ined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/o DBP ≥90 mmHg o
cu en an ihype ensi e medica ion⁵. Awa eness, ea men , and con ol we e de ined acco ding o s anda d de ini ions⁶,⁷.
Complica ions including hype ensi e hea disease, s oke/TIA, CKD, and e inopa hy we e assessed⁸,⁹. S a is ical
analysis was pe o med using SPSS 25; logis ic eg ession iden i ied p edic o s wi h p<0.05 conside ed signi ican ⁹,¹⁰.
S udy Popula ion:
Manmohan K ishna Pandey e al. Sc eening o Hype ension among Ou pa ien s a a Te ia y Ca e Cen e in Gonda
(UP), INDIA. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 289‐291, 2025
290
All adul ou pa ien s aged ≥18 yea s who isi ed he OPD du ing he s udy pe iod we e conside ed. Exclusion c i e ia
included p egnan women, c i ically ill pa ien s equi ing eme gency ca e, and hose unable o p o ide in o med consen .
Sample Size and Sampling:
A o al o 44,367 consecu i e consen ing adul s we e sc eened. Consecu i e sampling ensu ed ha all eligible pa ien s
isi ing he OPD we e included, minimizing selec ion bias.
Blood P essu e Measu emen P o ocol:
- BP was measu ed using a alida ed au oma ed sphygmomanome e .
- Pa ien s es ed sea ed o 5 minu es p io o measu emen .
- Two eadings we e aken a 1–2 minu e in e als; he a e age o he wo eadings was eco ded.
- Hype ension was de ined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/o DBP ≥90 mmHg, o cu en use o an ihype ensi e medica ion.
De ini ions:
- Awa eness: sel - epo o p io diagnosis by a heal h p o essional.
- T ea men : cu en use o an ihype ensi e medica ion.
- Con ol: ea ed pa ien s wi h BP <140/90 mmHg.
- Complica ions: included hype ensi e hea disease, s oke/TIA, ch onic kidney disease, hype ensi e e inopa hy, and
pe iphe al a e y disease.
Da a Collec ion and E hical Conside a ions:
- Demog aphics: age, sex, esidence, BMI, como bidi ies, smoking, alcohol.
- In o med consen ob ained; s udy app o ed by Ins i u ional E hics Commi ee.
S a is ical Analysis:
- Da a analyzed using SPSS 25. Con inuous a iables as mean ± SD; ca ego ical as n (%).
- P e alence, awa eness, ea men , con ol, and complica ions calcula ed wi h 95% CI.
- Logis ic eg ession o iden i y p edic o s. p<0.05 signi ican .
RESULTS
Demog aphics and Baseline Cha ac e is ics:
To al pa icipan s: 44,367; mean age 46.8 ± 12.3 yea s. Males: 54.8%, Females: 45.2%. Mean BMI: 25.1 ± 3.8 kg/m².
Diabe es melli us: 12%, Smoking/ obacco use: 20.5%.
P e alence o Hype ension:
O e all p e alence: 28.5% (12,646 pa ien s; 95% CI: 27.9–29.1). Newly diagnosed cases: 47.7% o hype ensi es.
P e alence inc eased wi h age, highes in ≥60 yea s.
Awa eness, T ea men , and Con ol:
Awa eness: 52.3% o hype ensi e pa ien s; T ea men : 45.7%; Con ol: 19.8%.
Complica ions o Hype ension:
Hype ensi e hea disease: 8.9%; S oke/TIA: 5.1%; Ch onic kidney disease: 4.3%; Re inopa hy: 3.2%; Pe iphe al
a e y disease: 1.0%; A leas one complica ion: 22.5%.
P edic o s o Hype ension:
Age: aOR 1.48 pe 10-yea inc ease (95% CI 1.39–1.57); BMI ≥25 kg/m²: aOR 1.67 (95% CI 1.53–1.81); Diabe es: aOR
1.42 (95% CI 1.31–1.55).
Tables and Cha s
Table 1. Baseline Cha ac e is ics o Pa icipan s (n=44,367)
Va iable
Mean ± SD / n (%)
Age (yea s)
46.8 ± 12.3
Male
24,310 (54.8%)
Female
20,057 (45.2%)
BMI (kg/m²)
25.1 ± 3.8
Diabe es melli us
5,325 (12.0%)
Smoking/ obacco use
9,102 (20.5%)
Table 2. Hype ension P e alence, Awa eness, T ea men , and Con ol
Pa ame e
n
% (95% CI)
Hype ensi e pa ien s
12,646
28.5 (27.9–29.1)
Manmohan K ishna Pandey e al. Sc eening o Hype ension among Ou pa ien s a a Te ia y Ca e Cen e in Gonda
(UP), INDIA. In . J Med. Pha m. Res., 6 (6): 289‐291, 2025
291
Awa eness among hype ensi es
6,615
52.3
On ea men
5,780
45.7
Con olled BP (<140/90 mmHg)
2,504
19.8
Table 3. Hype ension-Rela ed Complica ions among Hype ensi e Pa ien s (n=12,646)
Complica ion
n
%
Hype ensi e hea disease
1,126
8.9
S oke / TIA
644
5.1
Ch onic kidney disease
544
4.3
Hype ensi e e inopa hy
404
3.2
Pe iphe al a e y disease
124
1.0
DISCUSSION
The p e alence aligns wi h NFHS-5 and ICMR-INDIAB¹,². Awa eness and con ol emain subop imal³,⁴. App oxima ely
22.5% had a ge o gan damage⁵–⁷. Pe sis en high BP causes ascula emodeling, endo helial dys unc ion, and o gan
inju y⁸. Ea ly de ec ion, li es yle modi ica ion, and adhe ence o he apy a e essen ial⁹,¹⁰.
P incipal Findings:
High p e alence (28.5%) o hype ension among ou pa ien s; nea ly hal unawa e, only one- i h con olled. Signi ican
gaps in ea ly de ec ion and managemen .
Compa ison wi h Li e a u e:
Consis en wi h NFHS-5 and ICMR-INDIAB su eys; awa eness and con ol emain subop imal in India.
Complica ions:
22.5% had a ge o gan damage; hype ensi e hea disease mos common, ollowed by s oke, CKD, and e inopa hy.
Ch onic uncon olled hype ension leads o ascula emodeling, endo helial dys unc ion, and o gan damage.
S eng hs:
La ge sample size, s anda dized BP measu emen , consecu i e pa ien inclusion.
Limi a ions:
Single-cen e s udy, c oss-sec ional design, incomple e in es iga ions o some complica ions.
Implica ions o P ac ice:
Rou ine OPD sc eening, li es yle modi ica ion counseling, adhe ence suppo , and e e al o specialis s ecommended.
CONCLUSION
High bu den o hype ension, low awa eness and con ol, and equen complica ions. Sys ema ic sc eening and ea ly
in e en ion a e key.
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