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Resea chBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 11
THE C5+1 SUMMIT OF NOVEMBER 2025: ENSURING US-CENTRAL ASIA
RELATIONSHIP AND THE NEW STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP OF UZBEKISTAN.
Xasano Ne’ma illo Fa xodjon o’g’li
S uden o he “In e na ional Economics and Managemen ” Facul y,
Uni e si y o Wo ld Economy and Diplomacy.
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17688187
Abs ac . The C5+1 Summi , No embe 6-7, 2025, Washing on, D.C., was an e en o
p e ious signi icance in US-Cen al Asia a ai s. The leade s in Kazakhs an, Ky gyzs an,
Tajiks an, Tu kmenis an, and Uzbekis an me wi h P esiden Donald T ump o he Uni ed S a es
o Ame ica. I was he en h ime he g oup con ened, and hey paid much a en ion o economic
ma e s, pa icula ly, he c i ical mine als and he planes pu chase as he US, Russia, and China
a e all maneu e ing o gain powe . Uzbekis an, unde P esiden Sha ka Mi ziyoye had i s
combined momen ; hey s uck signi ican ade ansac ions and demons a ed ha hey could
be a signi ican in e media y o he egion. Wha anspi ed a he summi , wha did Uzbekis an
ha e o do wi h i and how i will a ec s abili y in he egion and global supply chains a e
ques ions o conce n he e. We depend on ecen diploma ic news and academic esea ch o
sugges ha he summi e idences an e ec i e, deal-cen e ed change, which may be
dissemina ed in e ms o connec ing he Cen al Asian economical connec ions.
1
Keywo ds: C5+1 Summi , US-Cen al Asia ela ions, Uzbekis an o eign policy, c i ical
mine als, geopoli ical compe i ion, a ia ion ade.
In oduc ion
In an e a whe e he gian s a e ying o se le on dominance, p ocesses such as he C5+1
p o ide he Cen al Asian s a es wi h he oppo uni y o discussing ha d in e na ional ma e s.
The concep began in 2015 when he concep was pushed in Sama kand by Uzbekis an.
The eam has s opped cha ing bu has engaged in o se ious economic deals. The 2025
Washing on summi o ganized by P esiden T ump demons a ed ha he C5+1 is becoming
eali y wi h de ini e deals on ade, in es men and esou ces sa e y. As he global supply chains
wobble and he US pu sues iend-sho ing, his mee ing unde lined he pleni ude in na u al
esou ces o Cen al Asia and he signi icance o i s loca ion.
2
In his pape , we will examine how his summi is ele an , i s hemes, and he
con ibu ion o Uzbekis an in i . We will e iew diploma ic documen s and geopoli ical epo s
o demons a e how he summi will enable he US o emain in close p oximi y o he egion as
well as p o ide Uzbekis an an oppo uni y big spo as a b idge in Eu asia.
We shall u he examine i as: he backg ound o he C5+1, he majo esul s o he 2025
summi , he s a egy o Uzbekis an and gene al geopoli ical de elopmen s.
Backg ound The 1990s his o y o he C5+1 F amewo k C5+1 i sel was de eloped du ing
he 1990s, based on he ini ial amewo k c ea ed in he 1980s and e ined again in he 1990s, an
ex ensi e his o y o lodged p ojec s and hei a chi ing algo i hm, which was implemen ed in he
1998 unde g adua e cou se. The C5+1 concep occu ed since Cen al Asia was o ced o handle
he pos so ie ansi ion whe eby Russia was a supe powe and China was looding in mo e
business.
1
h ps://eu asiane .o g/us-cen al-asia-ga he ing-yields-deals
2
THE DIPLOMAT: h ps:// hediploma .com/2025/11/us-cen al-asia-wha -is- he-c51/
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Resea chBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 11
To e ain e e yone’s a en ion wi hou no inju ing Russia o China, he obama eam
came up wi h he concep o he New Silk Road. Du ing a pe iod o en yea s, he e we e nine
summi s add essing such issues as wa e , coun e e o ism, and es ablishmen o s ong
economies. To sus ain he ela ionship, he US had in es ed mo e han o e $1 billion in he
o m o aid and in es men s.
3
C5+1 is iewed by schola s as a means o o se ing he Shanghai Coope a ion
O ganiza ion and he Bel & Road Ini ia i e o China h ough de- isking a weigh y eliance on
Moscow and Beijing. Resea ch in such places as CSIS poin s o he shi owa d c i ical mine als
such as u anium, li hium, and a e ea hs, which he US equi es in i s g een ene gy d i e. I was
he inaugu al T ump summi on his new e m and was in keeping wi h his Ame ica Fi s agenda,
whe ein di ec deals ook p ecedence o e a lo ely discussion.
Themes and Ag eeemen s: 2025 Summi Key Resul s.
The wo day a ai was be ween No embe 6-7 whe e he e we e one on one mee ings
p io o signi ican join session. T ump po ayed Cen al Asia as a e ibly ich a ea wi h
eno mous po en ial pa icula ly in mining some o he key mine als
4
. The op hemes we e:
- T ade and In es men Expansion: T ump decla ed abou a new Uzbekis an ade
ag eemen ha will be b oad co e ing in goods and se ices. The e a e no de ini e igu es ye in
he public domain bu ini ial es ima es ha e indica ed ha he e could be mo e han $10-billion
wo h o ade annually and his is based on p e ious discussions.
5
- A ia ion and In as uc u e Deals: Boeing also pu chased new ai c a in h ee ai lines
in Cen al Asia. Uzbekis an Ai ways placed he o de o ano he eigh D eamline s 787-9
(es ima ed o cos app oxima ely $8.5 b), which made he o al o he company 22 planes. Ai
As ana o Kazakhs an o de ed as many as 15 787 9s, and Somon Ai o Tajikis an inalized a
737 9 EXs con ac . The US Comme ce Depa men assis ed in d i ing such deals owa ds
mode nizing he lee s in he egion and connec ed Cen al Asia o he global ai anspo a ion.
6
- C i ical Mine als Coope a ion: Nego ia ions we e aimed a collec i e p ojec s on mining
and e ining a e ea hs, whe e he US sough ways o he han Chinese dominance.
The US has p omised echnical assis ance and in es men gua an ees and his could
elimina e as much as 50 b also e e ed o as $50 billion mine al expo s by 2030.
7
- Secu i y and Regional S abili y: O he han he economy, he summi discussed bo de
c ossing sa e y and ex emism wa a e - C5+1 objec i es. Human igh s o ganiza ions such as
Amnes y in e na ional did speak ou bu no hing new eme ged ou o i in e ms o ules.
8
In gene al, hese indings can be iewed as he shi owa d he use o deals as opposed o
decla a ions. The esul s o he pos -summi analysis include p agma ic and esul s-o ien ed
app oach and no emp y g ands anding.
The S a egic Agency o Leade ship and Pi o al Role o Uzbekis an.
3
CSIS: h ps://www.aljazee a.com/news/2025/11/6/why-is- ump-hos ing-c-asia-leade s-can-he-compe e-wi h-
ussia-china
4
Apnews.com: h ps://apnews.com/a icle/ ump-cen al-asia- a e-ea h-me als-china-
4d98912acea17cace354dbb65be55275
5
Foxbusiness: h ps://www. oxbusiness.com/ ox-news-global-economy/ ump-announces-35b-uzbekis an-
in es men -deal-a e -mee ing-cen al-asian-leade s
6
Reu e s.com: h ps://www. eu e s.com/wo ld/asia-paci ic/ ump-adminis a ion-announces-boeing-deals-cen al-
asia-2025-11-06/
7
Bloombe g: h ps://www.bloombe g.com/news/a icles/2025-11-07/ ump-seeks- a e-ea hs-in-mee ing-wi h-
cen al-asian-na ions
8
S a ego : h ps://www.s a e.go /c51
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Resea chBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 11
Uzbekis an p o ed o be he s a o he summi . E en decla ing T ump he P esiden o
Peace du ing a wo king dinne , p esiden Mi ziyoye demons a ed his so-called mul i- ec o
o eign policy. He ook ha oppo uni y o p omo e he image o Uzbekis an and c ea e
awa eness abou his coun y
9
. Some key highligh s we e:
- Economic Diplomacy: Uzbekis an paci is he Boeing con ac s and i is ans o ming
Tashken in o a main enance/ aining acili y. The esh na ional ai line is imp o ed by he
pu chase ha cos s he coun y 8.5 billion and a ac s addi ional logis ic in es o s.
- Regional Media ion Uzbekis an, he in o mal hos s a e ha ecalled he his o y o he
summi in 2015, acili a ed he smalle s a es o come o a consensus on he mine al coope a ion,
including Tajikis an and Tu kmenis an. This is in line wi h he Open Uzbekis an changes o
Mi ziyoye ha allowed he ee low o ade and in oduced 20 billion FDI since 2017.
- Geopoli ical Compensa ion: Uzbekis an became a suppo e o US ela ionships and, a
he same ime, emained aloo owa d he membe s o he SCO, displaying p incipled
p agma ism. The goal o Tashken o become a c oss oads o Eu asia is illus a ed in he p elude
o he summi o Mi ziyoye wi h Qa a as well as wi h he EU.
Uzbekis an demons a es he ac ha Cen al Asia is no a cog in he clock; i is an ac o
in he mul i-pola wo ld.
10
Oppo uni ies and Challenges Geopoli ical Implica ions.
The climax is an indica ion o a shi in Cen al Asian alliances subdueing Russian and
Chinese dominance. To he US, i would s eng hen supply chains by educing dependence on
he enemy na ions by 20 30 pe cen in he c i ical egions. The g ip may lead o a close C-5
coope a ion in he egion, such as he join ou e o he ene gy, which would inc ease he GDP
by 5-7 pe cen pe yea .
Howe e , he ills emain: sys emic co up ion, mine al ecology isks, and he human
igh s aspec migh des oy he long- e m s a egies. Fu he mo e, a c isis be ween he US and
Russia (supposedly, Uk aine) will p essu ize Cen al Asia o emain neu al.
In case he nex summi ensues in 2026 i will ha e o co ec hese o sus ain he
momen um.
11
Conclusion
The 2025 C-5+1 Summi displays he ans o ma ion o he US-Cen al Asia ela ionship
wi h eal-li e ansac ions in ade, a ia ion and mine als which please h all. The Uzbekis an
go e nmen , cou esy o he sh ewd maneu e s o i s leade ship by Mi ziyoye , is gi ing i sel a
bai ing oppo uni y, whe he i is in he economic ebound o geopoli ical in luence. These
mee ings a e essen ial in a wo ld o huge compe ences in sha ing p ospe i y. To ensu e he oice
o Cen al Asia is no los in he global a ena, he policy make s ough o push owa ds
ac ualisa ion so ha he p omises i makes can ansla e in o pe manen alliances.
Re e ences:
1. Al Jazee a. (2025, No embe 6). Why is T ump hos ing Cen al Asian leade s; a e Russia,
China his a ge s? Re ie ed om h ps://www.aljazee a.com/news/2025/11/6/why-is-
ump-hos ing-c-asia-leade s-can-he-compe e-wi h- ussia-china
9
Eu asiane .o g: h ps://eu asiane .o g/us-cen al-asia-ga he ing-yields-deals
10
T end.az: h ps://www. end.az/business/4114464.h ml
11
Timesca.com: h ps:// imesca.com/deals-no -decla a ions-u-s-cen al-asia-coope a ion-a -summi -c oss oads/
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2. BSS News. (2025, No embe 7). T ump hails Cen al Asia's 'unbelie able po en ial' a
summi . Re ie ed om h ps://www.bssnews.ne /in e na ional/329375
3. Cen e o S a egic and In e na ional S udies (CSIS). (2025, No embe 5). Ten Yea s o
C5+1: U.S.–Cen al Asia Mine als Coope a ion. Re ie ed om
h ps://www.csis.o g/analysis/ en-yea s-c51-us-cen al-asia-mine als-coope a ion
4. Eu asiane . (2025, No embe 7). US-Cen al Asia ga he ing yields deals. Re ie ed om
h ps://eu asiane .o g/us-cen al-asia-ga he ing-yields-deals
5. PR Newswi e. (2025, No embe 6). Uzbekis an Ai ways Finalizes O de o Eigh Mo e
Boeing 787 D eamline s. Re ie ed om h ps://www.p newswi e.com/news-
eleases/uzbekis an-ai ways- inalizes-o de - o -eigh -mo e-boeing-787-d eamline s-
302607963.h ml
6. Reu e s. (2025, No embe 7). T ump says US, Uzbekis an each ade deal. Re ie ed
om h ps://www. eu e s.com/wo ld/asia-paci ic/ ump-says-us-uzbekis an- each- ade-
deal-2025-11-07/
7. Reu e s. (2025, No embe 6). T ump adminis a ion announces Boeing deals in Cen al
Asia. Re ie ed om h ps://www. eu e s.com/wo ld/asia-paci ic/ ump-adminis a ion-
announces-boeing-deals-cen al-asia-2025-11-06/
8. Sou h China Mo ning Pos . (2025, No embe 7). T ump hos s Cen al Asian leade s as
US eyes sou ces o c i ical mine als. Re ie ed om
h ps://www.scmp.com/news/wo ld/uni ed-s a es-canada/a icle/3331856/ ump-hos s-
cen al-asian-leade s-us-eyes-sou ces-c i ical-mine als
9. T end News Agency. (2025, No embe 7). Uzbekis an hails Donald T ump as 'p esiden
o he wo ld,' says Mi ziyoye . Re ie ed om
h ps://www. end.az/casia/uzbekis an/4114550.h ml
