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THE ESSENCE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF UPBRINGING
Tu emu a o a Aziza Begibae na
Assis an , Depa men o Pedagogy and Psychology,
Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y named a e Be dakh, Republic o Ka akalpaks an.
[email p o ec ed]
Kalbae Asadbek
S uden o Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y.
She niyazo a Sayyo a
S uden o Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y.
Saliye Islamxoja
S uden o Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17692616
Abs ac . This s udy p o ides in o ma ion abou he main con en o he o ma ion o
educa ion and he main di ec ions o educa ion. Also, in o ma ion based on his o ical sou ces in
he o ma ion o educa ional me hods om he discipline o psychology is p esen ed as an
example. The impo ance o mode n psychological me hods and psychological aining in he
applica ion o he main me hods o educa ion is discussed. The ins uc i e hough s o ou g ea
schola s abou educa ion and upb inging a e analyzed. The ole o spi i uali y in he o ma ion o
educa ion is incompa able.
Keywo ds: Pa en ing me hods, amily, spi i uali y, pe ec pe son, psychological esea ch,
wo ld iew o ma ion, upb inging.
TARBIYANING MAZMUNI VA ASOSIY YO’NALISHLARI
Anno a siya. Ushbu adqiqo da a biyani shakllan i ishning asosiy ma’zmuni a
a biyaning asosiy yonalishla i haqida ma’lumo la kel i ib o’ ilgan. Shuningdek, psixologiya
yo’nalishida a biya me odini shakllan i ishda a ixiy manbala ga asoslangan ma’lumo la misol
a iqasida ay ib o’ iladi. Ta biyani shakllan i u chi asosiy me odikala ning qo’llanilishida
zamona iy psixologik me odla ning a psixologik eningla ning ahamiya i haqida muhokama
qilinadi. Buyuk allomala imizning a biyaga oid ib a li ik la i ahlil qilinadi. Ta biyaning
shakllanishida ma’na iya ning o’ ni beqiyosdi .
Kali so’zla : Ta biya me odla i, oila, ma’na iya , komil inson, psixologik adqiqo la ,
dunyoqa ashni shakllan i ish, a’lim.
In oduc ion
In all pe iods o human his o y, he issue o educa ion has played an impo an ole in he
li e o socie y. Each na ion, based on i s na ional alues, adi ions and his o ical expe ience, has
c ea ed i s own sys em o educa ing he younge gene a ion. Educa ion is a con inuous p ocess
ha se es he spi i ual, men al, physical and aes he ic o ma ion o a pe son. G ea hinke s,
scien is s, and educa o s ha e deeply s udied he essence o his p ocess and emphasized he
decisi e impo ance o educa ion o human pe ec ion. Educa ion is a social p ocess ha ensu es
he pu pose ul o ma ion o a pe son and is ca ied ou on he basis o he needs, goals and ideals
o socie y. The educa ional p ocess de e mines a pe son's beha io , wo ld iew, and he le el o
adhe ence o mo al s anda ds.
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Abu Nas Al-Fa abi in his wo k "Though s o he People o he Vi uous Ci y" said: "I a
pe son has good quali ies in e ms o his na u e and cha ac e , bu does no ecei e educa ion,
hese quali ies will no de elop." Abdulla A loni, on he o he hand, deeply exp essed he place o
educa ion in he li e o he na ion by saying, “Educa ion is a ma e o li e and dea h o us.”
This idea shows how impo an he ole o educa ion is in he de elopmen o he human
pe sonali y. The educa ional p ocess is in luenced by many ac o s, ha is, ac o s. They can be
di ided in o he ollowing g oups: The amily is he i s place o upb inging o a pe son. A child
lea ns lo e, ca e, and decency i s o all in he amily. The pe sonal example o pa en s, hei
beha io al cul u e, and mo al alues ha e a g ea in luence on he spi i ual wo ld o he child. As
he hadi h says: “E e y child is bo n wi h na u e, and i is his pa en s who make him a Jew, a
Ch is ian, o a pagan.” This hadi h clea ly exp esses he main ole o he amily in upb inging.
Schools, colleges, lyceums, and highe educa ional ins i u ions cons i u e he nex s age o
he educa ional p ocess. A his s age, he child de elops quali ies such as ha d wo k,
esponsibili y, iendship, and loyal y o he homeland, and begins o de elop as a pe son. The
success o pedagogical ac i i y la gely depends on he pe sonali y o he eache , his p o essional
skills and human quali ies. The cul u al en i onmen in socie y, he media, he In e ne , he ci cle
o iends, social ne wo ks also di ec ly a ec he upb inging o young people. I he social
en i onmen is in he spi i o heal hy ideas, na ional alues and goodness, he spi i ual ma u i y o
he indi idual is o med. O he wise, hese ac o s can ha e a nega i e impac . The educa ion
sys em is closely ela ed o he his o ical adi ions, cus oms, and eligious belie s o he people.
Imam Ghazali w o e: “No educa ing a young child is an amoun o co up ing him.”
The e o e, i is impo an o o m eelings such as hones y, pa ience, modes y, espec o
pa en s, and lo e o he Mo he land in he hea s o child en based on eligious alues. Na u al
ac o s - clima e, heal h s a us, and physical capabili ies - also ha e a ce ain impac on human
upb inging. The e o e, he educa ional p ocess should be ca ied ou aking in o accoun he
indi idual cha ac e is ics o he pe son. The o ma ion o upb inging is a con inuous p ocess ha
co e s all pe iods o human li e. Upb inging me hods a e a se o me hods used in he upb inging
p ocess and a e o g ea impo ance in he o ma ion o a pe son. The mos e ec i e me hods
include: Con e sa ion and explana ion me hod. Th ough an educa ional con e sa ion, mo al iews
and spi i ual alues a e o med in child en. The me hod o encou agemen and punishmen . I his
me hod is used co ec ly and app op ia ely, esponsibili y and discipline a e s eng hened in a
pe son. Pe sonal example. I he educa o himsel is no an example, his wo ds will no ha e any
e ec . Con ucius said: "To gi e a good upb inging, i s educa e you sel ." Upb inging h ough a
eam. Upb inging ca ied ou wi hin a g oup o eam de elops social ac i i y and coope a ion in a
pe son. Upb inging h ough labo . Labo educa es a pe son, ins ills pa ience, pe se e ance, and
esponsibili y. In his o ical sou ces, he issue o upb inging has been s udied in dep h by many
scien is s. Spi i ual ma u i y is he deg ee o which a pe son has achie ed mo al, spi i ual and
in ellec ual ma u i y. Educa ion is he basis o his p ocess. A spi i ually ma u e pe son b ings
abou posi i e changes in socie y and becomes an example o o he s. Th ough educa ion, a pe son
no only gains knowledge, bu also lea ns o unde s and himsel and o in e ac co ec ly wi h
o he s. In oday's e a o globaliza ion, new app oaches o he educa ional p ocess a e equi ed.
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The e o e, he mode n educa ion sys em is being imp o ed in he ollowing a eas: he
o ma ion o in o ma ion cul u e; s eng hening pa io ism based on na ional ideas; s eng hening
amily and school coope a ion; and he use o pe son-o ien ed pedagogical me hods. Mode n
pedagogy adop s a compe ency-based app oach as he main model o he educa ional p ocess. In
his app oach, p ac ical skills, alues, and ela ionships a e a he cen e , no knowledge.
Acco ding o he compe ency-based app oach, he esul o educa ion is measu ed by a
pe son's abili y o success ully unc ion in li e. The con en , goals, and s ages o educa ion a e one
o he impo an socio-cul u al p ocesses ha ha e been ponde ing humani y o cen u ies.
Nowadays, educa ion is conside ed no only a means o con eying adi ional mo al
alues, bu also a s a egic p ocess ha ensu es he c ea i e, in ellec ual, and spi i ual de elopmen
o he indi idual. Mode n pedagogical esea ch s udies educa ion as a dynamic sys em ha o ms
he human pe sonali y. In his sys em, biological, psychological, social, cul u al and spi i ual
ac o s in e ac . The e ec i eness o educa ion is de e mined by i s co ec o ganiza ion in
p ac ice, adap a ion o me hods o condi ions and age cha ac e is ics. The p ac ical applica ion o
me hods in he o ma ion o he wo ld iew o young people - combining heo e ical knowledge
wi h li e expe ience, helps o s eng hen spi i ual alues in e e yday ac i i ies. The e o e, he
impo ance o educa ional me hods in expanding he wo ld iew o young people is incompa able.
Because educa ion and upb inging b ing a pe son o adul hood no only as an educa ed
pe son, bu also as a spi i ually pe ec , mo ally pu e, socially ac i e pe son. The ha monious
applica ion o educa ional me hods on scien i ic, na ional-spi i ual ounda ions b ings he younge
gene a ion o he le el o a ully ma u e pe son. This, in u n, is he mos impo an ac o in he
de elopmen o he coun y. The educa ional en i onmen means all ex e nal in luences in he
condi ions in which a pe son li es. F om his pe spec i e, i can be concluded ha h ough
upb inging, a child can be adap ed o he social condi ions in which he li es. They conside he
ole o he social en i onmen o be a decisi e ac o . Then, no e e y hing ha su ounds he child
is conside ed a eal en i onmen in his de elopmen . Fo each child, a unique and comple ely
indi idual si ua ion o de elopmen a ises, which we call he immedia e en i onmen . A he same
ime, i implies ela i e independence. The mic oen i onmen is also pa o he social
en i onmen and consis s o amily, school, iends, pee s, lo ed ones and simila elemen s. The e
a e bo h posi i e and nega i e phenomena in he en i onmen su ounding he child. The
pe sonali y is o med no only by abso bing he in luence o he en i onmen , bu also by esis ing
i . The condi ions o de elopmen canno a ec he o ma ion o he pe sonali y wi hou
depending on how he child himsel in e ac s wi h hem and how he is o med in hese condi ions.
Psychological esea ch shows ha i a child is espec ed by his pee s, i he is en us ed wi h
esponsible asks, his helps him de elop con idence, ac i i y and communica ion skills, o ,
con e sely, people and simila elemen s. The en i onmen su ounding he child includes bo h
posi i e and nega i e phenomena.
Conclusion
The pe sonali y is o med no only by abso bing he in luence o he en i onmen , bu also
by esis ing i . The condi ions o de elopmen canno a ec he o ma ion o he pe sonali y
wi hou aking in o accoun how he child himsel eac s o hem and how he is o med in hese
condi ions.
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The en i onmen su ounding he child becomes a means o upb inging as a esul o labo
and language. In his, i is necessa y o ake in o accoun ha he in luence o he en i onmen
a ises spon aneously. The e o e, i is necessa y o allow educa ion and upb inging o ake a
leading place in human de elopmen .
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