In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in
Academic Resea ch
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Volume-9, Issue-4, Oc obe -Decembe -2025: 164-189
164
Resea ch A icle
Assessing Communi y Sa is ac ion wi h he Se ices and P og ams o
Gene al Ma iano Al a ez Fi e S a ion
Ma ia C iselda D Saso
Mas e o Science in C iminal Jus ice (Specializa ion in C iminology), G adua e School, Philippine College o
C iminology, 641 Sales S ee , S a. C uz, Manila, Philippines
Email: c [email protected]
Recei ed: Oc obe 18, 2025 Accep ed: No embe 08, 2025 Published: No embe 14, 2025
Abs ac
The Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) is a public sec o ha p o ides se ices o p e en and supp ess
des uc i e i es. I is esponsible o he en o cemen o he Fi e Code o he Philippines, he Issuance o Fi e
Sa e y E alua ion Ce i ica es and Fi e Sa e y Inspec ion Ce i ica es o e e y home and business owne .
Un o una ely, his equi es mul iple s ages o p ocesses ha can cause delays in issuing he go e nmen
pe mi s, and some imes becomes he cause o des uc i e i es. The pu pose o his s udy was o assess he
sa is ac ion le els o esponden s on he implemen a ion o he BFP p og ams and se ices, as well as
de e mining he whe he he demog aphic cha ac e is ics o he esponden s play a ole in his sa is ac ion,
and wha can be lea ned om hem. A sample o 320 esponden s we e andomly selec ed om a ious
ba angays in Gene al Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e, and a esea che -made ques ionnai e was used o ga he he
da a be o e being s a is ically ea ed. The s udy concludes ha he BFP success ully implemen s i s
p og ams and se ices, wi h consis en ly high sa is ac ion a ings among bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel
ac oss a ious demog aphic g oups. Enhancing disas e p epa edness d ills, e ining business applica ion
p ocesses a Business One-S op Shop (BOSS), and u he p omo ing inclusi i y in eme gency esponse
e o s can help sus ain and enhance public us in he BFP. Ul ima ely, main aining anspa ency, e iciency,
and accessibili y will be key o con inuously imp o ing se ice deli e y and ensu ing communi y sa e y and
esilience.
Keywo ds: Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion, Fi e Sa e y Inspec ions, Fi e Sa e y E alua ions, Go e nmen Pe mi s.
In oduc ion
The Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) is a public sec o ha p o ides se ices o p e en and supp ess
des uc i e i es. I is esponsible o he en o cemen o he Fi e Code o he Philippines (Republic Ac o RA
9514). Issuance o Fi e Sa e y E alua ion Ce i ica es and Fi e Sa e y Inspec ion Ce i ica es o e e y home
and business owne equi es mul iple s ages o p ocesses ha cause delays in issuing he a o emen ioned
go e nmen pe mi s, and some imes i becomes he cause o a des uc i e i e. Since he s a o BFP
Ci izen’s Cha e implemen a ion in Ma ch 2009, he Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion managemen has been
ho oughly wo king on how o u he imp o e he deli e y o public se ice, especially in he ield uni s and
i e s a ions, no only complying wi h he se ice s anda ds on he issuances o Fi e Sa e y Inspec ion
Ce i ica e (FSIC) and Fi e Sa e y E alua ion Clea ance (FSEC) as iden i ied p io i y on line se ices being
gi en by he BFP bu mos especially on how o imp o e he o ganiza ion’s pe o mance in he deli e y o
public se ice.
The handbook o cus ome ela ions o ice s on basic cus ome se ice skills aims o s eng hen he
implemen a ion o he BFP Ci izens’ Cha e and enhance he quali y o se ices o he public by
ins i u ionalizing cou esy and mechanisms o quick se ice p o ide s o imp o e hei skills, a i udes, and
beha io s, as well as commi men o se ice, he eby a aining cus ome sa is ac ion. The BFP managemen
belie es in helping s a ions/uni s s eng hen he o ganiza ion's in eg i y and adap and ins i u ionalize
se ice imp o emen s ha ha e eme ged om hei e o s o con inually seek be e ways o doing hings.
Communi y sa is ac ion su eys we e essen ial ools in assessing he pe cei ed e ec i eness o public
se ices. These su eys no only cap u e he communi y's pe cep ions bu also highligh speci ic aspec s o
se ices ha may need enhancemen . The BFP can de elop s a egies o add ess iden i ied gaps and imp o e
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
165
o e all se ice quali y by e alua ing communi y eedback. This s udy aims o de e mine how he Gene al
Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e, communi y pe cei es he e ec i eness o he BFP's p og ams and se ices.
Mo eo e , he s udy has explo ed a ious dimensions o BFP se ices, including i e sa e y en o cemen ,
i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen . Each a ea plays a i al ole in
main aining public sa e y and equi es a ho ough assessmen o ensu e i mee s he communi y's needs. By
analyzing communi y sa is ac ion and se ice quali y, his s udy will comp ehensi ely unde s and he
e iciency o BFP's se ices and p og ams a Gene al Ma iano Al a ez Fi e S a ion.
Li e a u e Re iew
The wo k o ce and o ganiza ional dynamics o i e pe sonnel we e e ol ing due o ac o s like inc easing
communi y sa e y needs, echnological ad ancemen s, and changing demog aphics. Fi e depa men s a e
adap ing by in eg a ing new echnologies, di e si ying ec ui men e o s, and ocusing on wo k o ce
de elopmen o main ain ope a ional e ec i eness and sa e y. The i e depa men plays a c ucial ole in
mi iga ing i e inciden s and hei impac s on li elihood and he communi y in he Philippines. Acco ding o
Abaya e al., (2016), i e occu ences ha e been s eadily inc easing, wi h 12,301 inciden s in 2013 ising o
15,897 in 2014, esul ing in signi ican loss o li e and p ope y damage. To add ess his, he Bu eau o Fi e
P o ec ion (BFP) implemen s sa e y measu es and i e p e en ion s a egies, along wi h echnological
ad ancemen s ha p o ide u he assis ance o he BFP and help in p e en ing i es. Howe e , de eloping
na ions like he Philippines ace challenges in i e p e en ion due o limi ed esou ces and weak
en o cemen o egula ions. In eg a ing i e p e en ion s a egies wi h en i onmen al go e nance and
disas e esilience planning is c ucial o minimizing he economic and ecological impac o i e inciden s.
A dani and Pe mana (2019) discuss how he i e depa men no only plays he ole o comba ing i e-
ela ed inciden s and mishaps bu also plays a pi o al ole in ensu ing communi y sa e y, unc ioning no
only as esponde s o eme gencies bu also as a depa men ha p omo es and es ablishes i e p e en ion
p og ams. Fi e depa men s o en wo k collabo a i ely wi h local au ho i ies and he public o c ea e i e-
sa e homes and communi ies and enhance p epa edness agains i es and o he haza ds. They u he
indica e ha hese p og ams inc ease he communi y esiden s' willingness o allow i e igh e s in o hei
homes o i e-sa e y inspec ions, he eby po en ially educing he incidence o esiden ial i es. This
collabo a i e app oach emphasizes he impo ance o unde s anding i e- ela ed isks and minimizing
h ea s o li es and p ope y. By adop ing a communi y-in ol ed app oach, i e depa men s can e ec i ely
p omo e bo h i e sa e y and b oade li e sa e y goals h ough pa ne ships wi h communi y membe s. As
i e igh e s begin o e ol e and de elop hei unde s anding o hei impac on hei communi y, hey mus
main ain a ocus on os e ing posi i e ela ionships wi h esiden s. The app oach by he i e depa men
p o ides no only immedia e eme gency esponse bu also long- e m communi y esilience.
The ole o i e depa men s in a mode n se ing has slowly ex ended beyond jus i e igh ing, acco ding o
Bowye e al., (2016). They ha e g own o be in eg al o p omo ing communi y sa e y, eme gency esponse,
and public heal h. Fi e depa men s now ope a e as bo h eme gency esponde s and communi y educa o s,
o en aking pa in di e en p og ams and ac i i ies such as i e p e en ion campaigns and sa e y aining.
In some u al en i onmen s, olun ee i e igh e s play a c ucial ole in sus aining local communi ies. The
ole o he i e depa men in communi y in ol emen aces se e al challenges, especially in u al a eas
whe e olun ee wo k is c i ical. Acco ding o Haynes e al., (2020), one signi ican issue is he decline in
olun ee i e igh e membe ship, which has been a ibu ed o a ious ac o s such as ime commi men
and wo k-li e balance. As communi ies g ow and demands on i e igh e s inc ease, po en ial olun ee s may
ind i di icul o dedica e he necessa y ime o aining and ac i e se ice. This challenge no only impac s
ope a ional capaci y bu also a ec s communi y us and sa e y.
In addi ion o add essing immedia e h ea s, Dampilag (2019) u he highligh s ha he BFP's e o s in i e
p e en ion a e i al o mi iga ing isks associa ed wi h u baniza ion and clima e change. Thei s udy on he
BFP's capabili ies in Ma induque ound ha while i e igh ing pe o mance was a ed as "Ve y Sa is ac o y,"
he e emain subs an ial gaps in equipmen and manpowe . This dispa i y unde sco es he necessi y o
imp o ed esou ce alloca ion and aining p og ams o bols e he depa men 's e icacy in p e en ing i es
be o e hey escala e in o eme gencies. The e o e, p o iding suppo sys ems o i e igh e s is essen ial no
only o hei sa e y bu also o main aining a high le el o public us and allowing hem o p o ide mo e
assis ance and suppo o he communi y, acco ding o Ku a a (2022).
Communi y de elopmen in he Philippine i e se ice in ol es a ious app oaches and challenges. Quimbo
e al., (2018) indica e ha he e a e g owing ends ela ed o he BFP's app oach conce ning communi y-
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based and pa icipa o y me hods in de elopmen wo k, wi h communi y educa ion and o ganizing as key
s a egies. These ac i i ies se e o educa e and each he communi y on he dange s o i e, he impo ance
o i e inspec ions, and wha o do in case i es b eak ou . Communi y empowe men h ough olun ee
i e igh e p og ams is seen as c ucial o imp o ing esponse imes and c ea ing sel - eliance. P imo and
Collado (2024) u he discuss his ma e , in ha he BFP's i e p e en ion p og ams a e essen ial in
educa ing communi ies abou i e sa e y measu es and educing he incidence o i e- ela ed disas e s. Thei
s udy p esen s ha he implemen a ion o hese p og ams e ealed ha while hey we e gene ally well-
execu ed, mino issues pe sis ed, highligh ing he need o s ic e moni o ing o ensu e compliance wi h
sa e y policies. Howe e , he challenges aced by BFP pe sonnel signi ican ly impac hei abili y o os e
communi y engagemen e ec i ely. Flo a (2025) indica es ha i e igh e s encoun e nume ous obs acles,
including esou ce sca ci y and he physically demanding na u e o hei wo k. These challenges c ea e he
need o ha e a collabo a i e app oach ha in ol es local go e nmen s and communi ies o enhance suppo
sys ems o i e pe sonnel. By in es ing in esou ces and os e ing coope a ion among s akeholde s, he BFP
can s eng hen i s communi y de elopmen e o s and imp o e o e all public sa e y. These highligh he
impo ance o communi y in ol emen , esou ce alloca ion, and emo ional suppo sys ems in de eloping
e ec i e i e se ices and os e ing s onge communi y esponses o i e eme gencies.
Fi e se ice pe sonnel's compe ence in i e sa e y managemen encompasses a b oad ange o skills and
knowledge, c ucial o p e en ing and managing i es e ec i ely. This includes unde s anding i e sa e y
egula ions, conduc ing isk assessmen s, de eloping i e sa e y p og ams, and educa ing he public on i e
sa e y p ac ices. Echa a ia and Espi i u (2024) conduc ed a comp ehensi e assessmen o i e inciden s in
Ma induque om 2018 o 2022, e alua ing a ious aspec s o i e igh ing capabili ies. This e alua ion
encompassed i e p e en ion p og ams, ools, pe sonal p o ec i e equipmen (PPE), i e ucks, manpowe ,
skills and aining, acili ies, in as uc u e, and inancial esou ce managemen . The s udy aimed o p esen
he pe o mance le el in implemen ing i e p e en ion p og ams and de e mine he signi ican ela ionship
be ween i e igh ing capabili ies and he pe o mance o Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP)-Ma induque
pe sonnel.
Complemen ing his, Mendoza (2023) in es iga ed he compe ence o BFP pe sonnel a he Baguio Ci y Fi e
S a ion, wi h a ocus on clien sa is ac ion ega ding BFP pe sonnel managemen . Employing a desc ip i e
quan i a i e esea ch design, he s udy assessed he compe ence o BFP pe sonnel based on esponses om
2,963 ci ilians who had isi ed he Baguio Ci y Fi e S a ion. Da a we e ga he ed using a su ey ques ionnai e
and analyzed o e eal ha he BFP pe sonnel we e compe en in cleanliness, o de liness, and p omp ness
and we e accommoda ing owa ds clien s. O e all, esponden s desc ibed he compe ence o BFP pe sonnel
managemen as 'excellen .' On a b oade scale, Salim e al., (2021) add essed equen i e inciden s in
hospi als wo ldwide, which ha e de as a ed humans and esou ces, causing signi ican conce n among
heal hca e s akeholde s due o he yea ly inc ease in i e ou b eaks. While i e sa e y managemen has
success ully mi iga ed i es in heal hca e acili ies, i s e ec i eness in Malaysian public heal hca e acili ies
has no been ex ensi ely s udied. This esea ch in es iga ed i e sa e y managemen issues in Malaysian
public hospi als and sugges ed possible solu ions o imp o e sa e y om he ope a o s' pe spec i es.
Objec i es we e achie ed h ough case s udies o i e selec ed public hospi als in Malaysia and a quali a i e
app oach using hema ic analysis wi h MAXQDA so wa e. The indings e ealed issues such as lax sa e y
policy implemen a ion, inadequa e wa e p essu e, poo main enance, and insu icien communica ion
sys ems. The s udy p oposed i e main measu es o imp o e i e sa e y managemen in public heal hca e
buildings, including a easible ins i u ional amewo k, enhanced eme gency esponse eams, and imp o ed
occupa ional heal h and sa e y sys ems.
Theo e ical F amewo k
The heo e ical amewo k o his s udy is based on he Se ice Quali y (SERVQUAL) Model, de eloped by
Pa asu aman e al., (1998). This is also complemen ed wi h he heo ies o Expec ancy-Discon i ma ion
Theo y by Oli e (1980) and he Theo y o Planned Beha io by Azjen (1991). The main heo y ancho ed in
his s udy, SERVQUAL model, is widely used o assess se ice quali y by measu ing he gap be ween
cus ome expec a ions and hei pe cep ions o he ac ual se ice ecei ed. The model ocuses on i e key
dimensions: angibles, eliabili y, esponsi eness, assu ance, and empa hy.
This s udy applied he SERVQUAL model o e alua e communi y sa is ac ion wi h he BFP's on line
se ices. The angibles dimension assessed he physical acili ies, equipmen , and pe sonal appea ance.
Reliabili y measu ed he abili y o he BFP o pe o m he p omised se ice dependably and accu a ely.
Responsi eness e alua ed he willingness o he BFP o help and p o ide p omp se ice. Assu ance
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assessed he knowledge and cou esy o BFP pe sonnel and hei abili y o con ey us and con idence.
Las ly, empa hy measu es he ca ing and indi idualized a en ion he BFP p o ides o he communi y. By
using he SERVQUAL model, his s udy sys ema ically examined he pe cei ed e ec i eness o he BFP's
p og ams and se ices in Gene al Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e. The model's comp ehensi e app oach helped
iden i y speci ic a eas o s eng h and a eas needing imp o emen , p o iding a clea amewo k o
analyzing communi y sa is ac ion.
Figu e 1. Theo e ical amewo k.
Concep ual F amewo k
Figu e 2. Concep ual amewo k.
Reliabili y
Cus ome
sa is ac ion
Inpu :
Sa is ac ion le el o he
esponden s in he
implemen a ion o he
BFP p og ams in e ms
o :
Fi e sa e y
en o cemen
Fi e igh ing
ope a ions
Eme gency medical
se ices
Disas e managemen
Accep ance and
denial o applica ions
o i e sa e y
ce i ica es
Issuances o i e
sa e y ce i ica es
Public assis ance
desk
Business one-s op
shop (BOSS)
P ocess:
Da a ga he ing
p ocedu e
S a is ical ea men
o da a
Da a analysis
Da a in e p e a ion
Ou pu :
Communi y sa is ac ion
wi h he implemen a ion
o BFP p og ams and
on line se ices in
Gene al Ma iano Al a ez,
Ca i e
Feedback
Responsi eness
Assu ance
Empa hy
Tangibles
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Abo e is he concep ual amewo k ha guides he da a collec ion and analysis and helps o mula e a ge ed
ecommenda ions o imp o ing BFP se ices based on he communi y's eedback.
The inpu ep esen s he a iables in his s udy, which included he esponden s' sa is ac ion le els wi h he
implemen a ion o BFP p og ams in a ious aspec s. These aspec s include i e sa e y en o cemen ,
i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, disas e managemen , he accep ance and denial o i e
sa e y ce i ica e applica ions, he issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es, a public assis ance desk, and a business
one-s op shop.
The p ocess ou lined how hese inpu s a e ans o med in o meaning ul indings. I includes he
me hodology o da a collec ion, such as su ey design, sampling s a egy, and he s a is ical echniques used
o analyze he da a. This sec ion ensu es ha he s udy is conduc ed wi h igo and anspa ency. S a is ical
ea men in ol es calcula ing eliabili y coe icien s, pe o ming desc ip i e s a is ics o summa ize
sa is ac ion le els using i s median alue, and pe o ming he K uskal-Wallis es o show signi ican
di e ences among he a iables.
Las ly, he ou pu ep esen s he key ou come o he s udy, and i e lec s how well he BFP's p og ams a e
mee ing he needs and expec a ions o he communi y. In his phase, esul s om he p ocess phase will
p o ide a de ailed pic u e o how he communi y iews he e ec i eness o i e sa e y en o cemen ,
i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen .
Signi icance o he S udy
The ollowing will bene i om he indings o he s udy:
Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP): This s udy will p o ide he BFP wi h aluable insigh s in o how he
communi y pe cei es i s on line se ices. The indings will help iden i y s eng hs and a eas o
imp o emen , enabling he BFP o enhance se ice quali y and e ec i eness. By add essing he communi y's
conce ns and expec a ions, he BFP can de elop a ge ed s a egies o imp o e public sa e y and eme gency
esponse in Gene al Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e.
Local Go e nmen Uni s (LGUs): The s udy's esul s will o e c i ical in o ma ion on he e ec i eness o
i e p o ec ion se ices in local go e nmen uni s' ju isdic ions. This knowledge can guide policy-making,
esou ce alloca ion, and collabo a ion e o s be ween he LGUs and he BFP. By unde s anding he
communi y's sa is ac ion le els, LGUs can suppo ini ia i es ha imp o e i e sa e y and eme gency
se ices, ul ima ely con ibu ing o he well-being o hei cons i uen s.
Communi y Membe s: Communi y membe s a e he p ima y bene icia ies o imp o ed i e p o ec ion
se ices. This s udy gi es hem a oice in e alua ing he BFP's pe o mance, ensu ing hei eedback is hea d
and add essed. The esul ing imp o emen s in se ice quali y will di ec ly enhance hei sa e y and quali y
o li e. Addi ionally, inc eased awa eness o he communi y's ole in i e p e en ion and sa e y can os e
g ea e coope a ion be ween he BFP and he public.
Policy Make s: The s udy will bene i policymake s by helping hem unde s and he cu en s a e o i e
p o ec ion se ices and communi y sa is ac ion. The indings can in o m he de elopmen o policies and
egula ions aimed a enhancing he BFP's e ec i eness. By conside ing he communi y's eedback,
policymake s can c ea e mo e esponsi e and impac ul i e sa e y egula ions ha add ess he speci ic
needs o Gene al Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e.
Fu u e Resea che s: I will se e as hei u u e e e ence when hey wan o b oaden he scope o hei
s udy. I can also p o ide addi ional knowledge abou he se ices and p og ams o e ed by he go e nmen .
Objec i es o he P oblem
The objec i es o his s udy is o e alua e he sa is ac ion le els ega ding he implemen a ion o BFP
p og am and he le el o implemen a ion o BFP se ices.
To do his, he ollowing a e he aim o he s udy:
1. To de e mine he demog aphic p o ile o he esponden s in e ms o :
1.1. Age
1.2. Gende
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169
1.3. Ci il s a us
1.4. Wo k expe ience
1.5. Highes educa ional a ainmen
2. To in es iga e he sa is ac ion le el o he esponden s in he implemen a ion o he BFP p og ams in
e ms o :
2.1. Fi e sa e y en o cemen
2.2. Fi e igh ing ope a ions
2.3. Eme gency medical se ices
2.4. Disas e managemen
3. To compa e he sa is ac ion le els ega ding he implemen a ion o BFP p og ams when esponden s a e
g ouped based on hei demog aphic p o iles?
4. To in es iga e he sa is ac ion le el o he esponden s in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices in e ms
o :
4.1. Accep ance and denial o applica ions o i e sa e y ce i ica es
4.2. Issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es
4.3. Public assis ance desk
4.4. Business one-s op shop (BOSS)
5. To compa e sa is ac ion le els ega ding he implemen a ion o BFP se ices when esponden s a e
g ouped based on hei demog aphic p o iles?
6. Based on he esul s, o de elop an ac ion plan ha may be p oposed o enhance he p og am and se ice
implemen a ion a he BFP.
Me hodology
This chap e p esen s he esea ch me hod, design, popula ion and locale o he s udy, scope and limi a ion,
da a ga he ing ools, da a ga he ing p ocedu e, ea men o da a, e hical conside a ions and dissemina ion
o indings.
Resea ch Design
This s udy employed a desc ip i e-e alua i e esea ch design o e alua e communi y sa is ac ion wi h he
Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) se ices in Gene al Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e. Quan i a i e esea ch design is
a o m o esea ch ha in es iga es esea ch ques ions using nume ical da a and s a is ical analysis. Key
componen s o quan i a i e esea ch include o mula ing clea esea ch ques ions and hypo heses,
conduc ing li e a u e e iews, selec ing app op ia e me hodologies, and de eloping da a collec ion
ins umen s. Quan i a i e esea ch is ideal o his s udy, as i p o ides a de ailed depic ion o he cu en
s a e o BFP se ices and communi y pe cep ions. This design desc ibes he cha ac e is ics o a popula ion
o phenomenon being s udied wi hou in luencing i . Using desc ip i e me hods, he s udy aimed o p o ide
a comp ehensi e o e iew o communi y sa is ac ion le els and iden i y speci ic a eas o BFP se ice ha
may equi e imp o emen .
Fu he , he quan i a i e esea ch me hod is ins umen al in unde s anding he "wha " aspec o he
esea ch ques ion, p o iding clea insigh s in o communi y opinions and expe iences wi h BFP se ices. I
in ol ed collec ing da a h ough su eys and ques ionnai es, enabling he esea che o ga he quan i a i e
in o ma ion on communi y sa is ac ion. The da a ob ained helped analyze he e ec i eness o BFP p og ams
in i e sa e y en o cemen , i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen .
This app oach ensu ed ha he s udy cap u ed a ious communi y pe spec i es, leading o a ho ough
unde s anding o he BFP's se ice quali y.
Resea ch Me hod
The esea ch me hod in ol ed a quan i a i e app oach, u ilizing bo h online and p in ed ques ionnai es o
ga he da a om esponden s. This me hod ensu es comp ehensi e da a collec ion, accommoda ing
esponden s who p e e digi al o ma s and hose who may no ha e access o he in e ne . The su ey
collec ed quan i a i e da a on a ious aspec s o BFP se ices, aligning wi h he s udy's objec i es and
esea ch ques ions. Using s uc u ed ques ionnai es allowed o consis en da a collec ion and acili a ed he
analysis o communi y sa is ac ion le els. The su ey included ques ions ela ed o he demog aphic p o ile
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170
o esponden s, hei sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices and p og ams, and hei pe cep ions o he e ec i eness
o i e sa e y en o cemen , i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen .
Bo h Like scale ques ions cap u ed de ailed eedback and nume ical da a. The esea ch me hod ensu ed
ha da a collec ion was sys ema ic and eliable, p o iding a obus ounda ion o analyzing he
e ec i eness o BFP p og ams and iden i ying a eas o imp o emen . This me hod also allows o e icien
da a collec ion om a la ge sample size, enhancing he s udy's alidi y and gene alizabili y.
Popula ion o he S udy
This s udy's popula ion comp ises esiden s o selec ed ba angays and BFP pe sonnel in Gene al Ma iano
Al a ez, Ca i e. The a ge popula ion includes indi iduals om a ious demog aphic backg ounds, ensu ing
a ep esen a i e sample ha e lec s he di e se communi y. This includes esiden s and pe sonnel o
di e en ages, gende s, ci il s a uses, wo k expe iences, and educa ional a ainmen s. By including a b oad
c oss-sec ion o he communi y, he s udy aims o cap u e a ious pe spec i es on he e ec i eness o BFP
se ices.
Da a Ga he ing Tools
The p ima y da a-ga he ing ool o his s udy was a su ey ques ionnai e designed o cap u e de ailed
in o ma ion on communi y sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices. The ques ionnai e was dis ibu ed in digi al
o ma s ia Google Fo ms and p in ed copies o ensu e b oad accessibili y. This dual app oach allows o
including esponden s who p e e online pa icipa ion and hose who may no ha e in e ne access,
p o iding comp ehensi e da a collec ion. The su ey con ained se e al sec ions aligned wi h he s udy's
objec i es and esea ch ques ions. The i s sec ion ga he ed demog aphic in o ma ion abou he
esponden s, including age, gende , ci il s a us, wo k expe ience, and educa ional a ainmen . The
subsequen sec ions e alua ed communi y sa is ac ion wi h a ious aspec s o BFP se ices, such as i e
sa e y en o cemen , i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen .
Ques ions we e o ma ed using a Like scale o quan i y sa is ac ion le els, ensu ing esponse consis ency.
The de elopmen o he ques ionnai e in ol ed a ho ough e iew o exis ing li e a u e and consul a ion
wi h expe s in i e p o ec ion se ices o ensu e ele ance and comp ehensi eness. P e- es ing he su ey
wi h a small sample o esponden s was conduc ed o e ine he ques ions and imp o e cla i y. This i e a i e
p ocess ensu ed ha he inal ques ionnai e e ec i ely cap u ed he necessa y da a o e alua e he
e ec i eness o BFP se ices om he communi y's pe spec i e.
Da a Ga he ing P ocedu e
The da a-ga he ing p ocedu e commenced wi h p epa ing and dis ibu ing he su ey ques ionnai e.
Ini ially, he ques ionnai e was designed and p e es ed wi h a small sample o ensu e i s eliabili y. A e
e isions based on p e es eedback, he inal ques ionnai e was dis ibu ed o esponden s in digi al and
p in ed o ma s. The digi al e sion was sha ed ia email and social media pla o ms using Google Fo ms,
while p in ed copies we e dis ibu ed h ough communi y cen e s and local go e nmen o ices in he
selec ed ba angays. Da a collec ion was conduc ed o e a speci ied pe iod, ensu ing ample ime o
esponden s o comple e he su ey. Bo h digi al and p in ed esponses we e collec ed and compiled o
analysis. A e da a collec ion, he esponses we e e iewed o comple eness and accu acy. Da a om
p in ed ques ionnai es was manually en e ed in o a digi al da abase o ensu e consis ency wi h he online
esponses. This p ocess was ca e ully moni o ed o minimize e o s and ensu e da a in eg i y. Once all
esponses we e compiled, he da a was coded and p epa ed o analysis using s a is ical so wa e.
T ea men o Da a
Da a ea men in ol ed se e al s eps, s a ing wi h da a cleaning and p epa a ion. Ini ially, esponses we e
e iewed o comple eness, and any incomple e o inconsis en da a will be add essed. Da a om p in ed
ques ionnai es was en e ed in o a digi al o ma o c ea e a uni ied da ase . The da ase was hen coded,
ca ego izing esponses in o meaning ul a iables ha align wi h he esea ch ques ions and objec i es.
Quan i a i e da a om he Like scale ques ions we e analyzed using desc ip i e s a is ics, including
measu es o cen al endency (median) and dispe sion (s anda d de ia ion). This analysis p o ided an
o e iew o communi y sa is ac ion le els ac oss di e en aspec s o BFP se ices. In e en ial s a is ics, such
as he K uskal-Wallis es , we e used o de e mine i he e a e signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion le els
based on demog aphic a iables.
The s a is ical so wa e used o da a analysis included ools like SPSS, sui able o handling la ge da ase s
and pe o ming complex s a is ical analyses. The analysis esul s we e p esen ed in ables and cha s o
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171
acili a e easy in e p e a ion and compa ison o indings. This sys ema ic app oach o da a ea men
ensu ed ha he s udy's indings a e obus , eliable, and ac ionable. The inal s ep in da a ea men
in ol ed syn hesizing he esul s o d aw meaning ul conclusions and make ecommenda ions. This included
in e p e ing he s a is ical indings in he con ex o he s udy's objec i es and exis ing li e a u e. The
insigh s gained om his analysis in o med s a egies o enhance he e ec i eness o BFP se ices in Gene al
Ma iano Al a ez, Ca i e, add essing speci ic a eas o conce n highligh ed by he communi y.
E hical Conside a ions
E hical conside a ions a e pa amoun in his s udy o ensu e he in eg i y and espec o pa icipan s. All
esponden s we e in o med abou he pu pose o he s udy, he olun a y na u e o hei pa icipa ion, and
hei igh o wi hd aw a any ime wi hou penal y. In o med consen was ob ained om all pa icipan s,
ensu ing hey unde s ood he na u e and objec i es o he esea ch. Con iden iali y and anonymi y o
esponden s we e main ained, wi h no iden i ying in o ma ion being collec ed o disclosed. The s udy
adhe ed o e hical guidelines o esea ch in ol ing human pa icipan s, ensu ing ha da a we e collec ed,
s o ed, and analyzed esponsibly. Any po en ial isks o discom o s o pa icipan s we e minimized, and
s eps we e aken o ensu e hei sa e y and well-being h oughou he esea ch p ocess. The e hical
conside a ions we e e iewed and app o ed by an app op ia e e hics e iew boa d be o e he
commencemen o da a collec ion.
Resul s and Discussion
This chap e p esen s he esul s and discussion as well as he analysis and in e p e a ion o he da a
ga he ed.
Table 1. Demog aphic p o ile o esponden s.
Demog aphic cha ac e is ics
F equency (N)
Pe cen age (%)
A. Age
18-24 yea s old
56
17.5
25-34 yea s old
80
25.0
35-44 yea s old
63
19.7
45-54 yea s old
60
18.8
55 yea s old and abo e
61
19.1
B. Gende
Male
132
41.3
Female
128
40.0
O he s
60
18.8
C. Ci il s a us
Single
107
33.4
Ma ied
91
28.4
Widowed
84
26.3
Sepa a ed
38
11.9
D. Wo k expe ience
Less han 1 yea
71
22.2
1-5 yea s
92
28.8
6-10 yea s
92
28.8
Mo e han 10 yea s
65
20.3
E. Highes educa ional a ainmen
Elemen a y
70
21.9
High school
86
26.9
College
111
34.7
Pos g adua e
53
16.6
To al
320
100.0
Table 1 p esen s he demog aphic cha ac e is ics o he 320 esponden s who pa icipa ed in he s udy. This
demog aphic p o ile is essen ial in unde s anding he backg ound o he pa icipan s and how hei pe sonal
and p o essional cha ac e is ics migh in luence hei pe spec i es, beha io s, o esponses wi hin he
con ex o he esea ch. The age dis ibu ion shows a ela i ely e en sp ead among he di e en age
b acke s. The la ges age g oup is composed o esponden s aged 25–34 yea s, accoun ing o 25.0% (80
indi iduals) o he o al sample. This is ollowed by esponden s aged 35–44 yea s (19.7%), 55 yea s and
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
172
abo e (19.1%), and 45–54 yea s old (18.8%). The younges g oup, 18–24 yea s old, ep esen s 17.5% o he
o al. The da a sugges ha he esponden s include a mix o young adul s, middle-aged, and olde
indi iduals, which can p o ide a b oad ange o insigh s and expe iences. The di e si y in age may also
indica e a ying le els o ma u i y, p o essional exposu e, and engagemen in communi y o ins i u ional
a ai s.
The gende dis ibu ion e eals a ela i ely balanced ep esen a ion be ween males (41.3%) and emales
(40.0%). In e es ingly, a no able pe cen age o esponden s iden i ied as “O he s” (18.8%), which may
include indi iduals om he LGBTQ+ communi y o hose who do no con o m o adi ional gende
classi ica ions. The inclusion o di e se gende iden i ies sugges s ha he s udy was conduc ed wi h
sensi i i y o gende inclusi i y, allowing o mo e comp ehensi e and equi able da a collec ion. In e ms o
ci il s a us, he la ges g oup is single esponden s (33.4%), ollowed by ma ied indi iduals (28.4%),
widowed (26.3%), and sepa a ed (11.9%). This dis ibu ion highligh s ha while a signi ican numbe o
esponden s a e unma ied, a conside able p opo ion a e ei he ma ied o ha e expe ienced changes in
ma i al s a us. Ci il s a us can in luence esponsibili ies, s ess le els, and decision-making, especially in
s udies ela ed o employmen , communi y in ol emen , o public se ice oles.
The esponden s show a a ied ange o wo k expe ience. Those wi h 1–5 yea s (28.8%) and 6–10 yea s
(28.8%) o m he la ges g oups, sugges ing ha mos pa icipan s ha e mode a e expe ience in hei
espec i e ields. Those wi h less han 1 yea (22.2%) may be new en an s o he wo k o ce, while 20.3% o
esponden s ha e mo e han 10 yea s o expe ience, indica ing a seasoned g oup ha can p o ide insigh s
based on long- e m in ol emen . The di e si y in wo k expe ience may help iden i y whe he pe cep ions o
compe encies a y depending on he leng h o p o essional se ice. Rega ding educa ional backg ound, a
majo i y o esponden s ha e a ained college-le el educa ion (34.7%), ollowed by high school g adua es
(26.9%) and elemen a y-le el educa ion (21.9%). A signi ican po ion, 16.6%, ha e comple ed pos g adua e
s udies. This educa ional p o ile implies ha many esponden s a e ela i ely well-educa ed, which may
in luence hei unde s anding, communica ion skills, and pa icipa ion in communi y o o ganiza ional
p ocesses. Those wi h lowe le els o educa ion may s ill p o ide aluable insigh s, pa icula ly i he s udy
in ol es g ass oo s-le el issues o public se ice deli e y. In conclusion, he demog aphic da a p esen ed in
Table 1 illus a es ha he s udy's esponden s come om di e se backg ounds in e ms o age, gende
iden i y, ci il s a us, wo k expe ience, and educa ional a ainmen .
Table 2. Le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP p og ams in e ms o i e sa e y en o cemen .
Indica o s
Residen
BFP
Med
In
Med
In
1. The BFP conduc s egula i e sa e y inspec ions in my communi y.
3.54
VS
3.60
VS
2. The BFP ensu es compliance wi h i e sa e y egula ions.
3.58
VS
3.55
VS
3. The BFP p o ides adequa e in o ma ion on i e sa e y measu es.
3.54
VS
3.70
VS
4. The BFP's i e sa e y p og ams a e e ec i e.
3.52
VS
3.80
VS
5. The BFP p omp ly add esses i e sa e y iola ions.
3.35
VS
3.45
VS
6. The BFP educa es he communi y abou i e p e en ion.
3.52
VS
3.55
VS
7. The BFP's i e sa e y guidelines a e clea and unde s andable.
3.54
VS
3.75
VS
8. The BFP's inspec ions help in educing i e isks.
3.48
VS
3.35
VS
9. The BFP collabo a es wi h local au ho i ies on i e sa e y.
3.53
VS
3.60
VS
10. The BFP p o ides imely upda es on i e sa e y egula ions.
3.51
VS
3.50
VS
O e all
3.52
VS
3.68
VS
*Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
Table 2 p esen s he le el o sa is ac ion wi h he implemen a ion o he BFP p og ams in e ms o i e sa e y
en o cemen as pe cei ed by esiden s in he a ea and BFP pe sonnel. The alues o 3.52 o esiden s and
3.68 o BFP pe sonnel indica e ha o e all, bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel a e e y sa is ied wi h he
p og ams implemen ed by he BFP in e ms o i e sa e y en o cemen . These esul s show a e y
sa is ac o y a ing on bo h BFP pe sonnel and esiden s, showing how egula i e sa e y inspec ions play a
c ucial ole in educing i e isks and ensu ing occupan sa e y. These inspec ions in ol e e alua ing i e
p e en ion measu es, de ec ion sys ems, e acua ion plans, and eme gency esponse p ocedu es. By
iden i ying po en ial haza ds, equipmen de iciencies, and a eas no mee ing sa e y egula ions, egula
inspec ions con ibu e o c ea ing a sa e en i onmen and educing he likelihood o i e- ela ed inciden s.
The high sa is ac ion le els epo ed by BFP pe sonnel ega ding he e ec i eness o hei i e sa e y
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179
Table 13 p esen s he median sa is ac ion a ings om bo h esiden s and Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP)
pe sonnel ega ding he issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es. Bo h g oups exp essed "Ve y Sa is ied" (VS)
a ings ac oss all indica o s, wi h o e all median sco es o 3.55 o esiden s and 3.60 o BFP pe sonnel.
Sa is ac ion wi h he o e all ime aken o ecei e a i e sa e y ce i ica e sugges s ha bo h g oups ind he
p ocessing ime accep able. The easonableness and anspa ency o associa ed ees highligh s sa is ac ion
wi h he inancial aspec s o he ce i ica ion p ocess. These indings align wi h p e ious esea ch
emphasizing he impo ance o e iciency, p o essionalism, and anspa ency in public se ice deli e y.
These indings sugges ha while he i e sa e y ce i ica e issuance p ocess is pe cei ed as p o essional and
well-managed, op imizing e iciency and simpli ying pape wo k could u he enhance sa is ac ion le els.
In conclusion, he high sa is ac ion a ings ac oss all indica o s sugges ha he BFP's p ocesses o issuing
i e sa e y ce i ica es a e e ec i e and well- ecei ed by bo h esiden s and pe sonnel. Main aining e icien
p ocedu es, p o essional s a conduc , easonable p ocessing imes, clea documen a ion equi emen s, and
anspa en ee s uc u es a e c ucial o sus aining his high le el o sa is ac ion.
Table 14. Le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices in e ms o public assis ance desk.
Indica o s
Residen
BFP
Med
In
Med
In
1. The public assis ance desk is help ul in add essing my conce ns.
3.51
VS
3.50
VS
2. The public assis ance desk is easily accessible.
3.49
VS
3.50
VS
3. The s a a he public assis ance desk a e poli e and p o essional.
3.53
VS
3.55
VS
4. The public assis ance desk p o ides accu a e in o ma ion and
guidance.
3.57
VS
3.55
VS
5. The s a p o ides as esponse ime o inqui ies a he public
assis ance desk.
3.53
VS
3.55
VS
O e all
3.51
VS
3.50
VS
*Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
Table 14 p esen s he median sa is ac ion a ings om bo h esiden s and Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP)
pe sonnel ega ding he public assis ance desk. Bo h g oups exp essed “Ve y Sa is ied” a ings ac oss all
indica o s, wi h o e all median sco es o 3.51 o esiden s and 3.50 o BFP pe sonnel.
These indings highligh how he quali y o help desk suppo signi ican ly in luences use sa is ac ion,
pa icula ly in e ms o esponsi eness and p o essionalism. Addi ionally, an inc ease in public sa is ac ion
wi h ede al go e nmen se ices can be a ibu ed o imp o emen s o be e se ice deli e y and
communica ion.
This shows ha he high sa is ac ion a ings ac oss all indica o s sugges ha he BFP's public assis ance
desk e ec i ely mee s he needs o bo h esiden s and pe sonnel. Main aining help ulness, accessibili y,
p o essionalism, accu a e in o ma ion dissemina ion, and p omp esponses is c ucial o sus aining his
high le el o sa is ac ion.
Table 15. Le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices in e ms o business one-s op shop
(BOSS).
Indica o s
Residen
BFP
Med
In
Med
In
1. The business one-s op shop (BOSS) is con enien o handling
mul iple ansac ions in one place.
3.50
VS
3.70
VS
2. The BOSS is e icien in p ocessing business- ela ed applica ions
and pe mi s.
3.52
VS
3.65
VS
3. The o e all expe ience a he BOSS is sa is ac o y.
3.50
VS
3.65
VS
4. The BOSS s a a e knowledgeable and e icien in assis ing wi h my
ansac ions.
3.50
VS
3.80
VS
5. The BOSS p o ides clea guidelines o he equi emen s and s eps
needed o each business applica ion p ocess.
3.49
VS
3.45
VS
O e all
3.50
VS
3.80
VS
*Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
180
Table 15 p esen s he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o BFP se ices a he business one-s op
shop (BOSS), as pe cei ed by bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel. The o e all sa is ac ion le els indica e a
high deg ee o sa is ac ion, wi h esiden s epo ing a mean sco e o 3.50 and BFP pe sonnel epo ing a
sligh ly highe mean o 3.80, bo h indica ing "Ve y Sa is ied" a ings.
These esul s sugges ha bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel iew he BOSS as a well- unc ioning se ice,
wi h bo h g oups ecognizing i s con enience, e iciency, and p o essionalism in handling business- ela ed
applica ions and pe mi s.
These esul s indica e ha he BOSS has been e ec i e in p o iding con enien , e icien , and p o essional
se ices o esiden s and BFP pe sonnel. To u he enhance sa is ac ion, he BFP could conside imp o ing
he cla i y o guidelines and ins uc ions o business applica ions. Addi ionally, expanding digi al solu ions,
such as online applica ion pla o ms o au oma ed acking sys ems, could u he s eamline p ocesses and
make he BOSS e en mo e accessible and use - iendly.
Table 16. Compa a i e analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among
he age o esponden s.
BFP se ices
Age
K uskal-Wallis
H- alue
Tes s a is ics
p- alue
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55 and
abo e
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Accep ance and denial o
applica ions o i e sa e y
ce i ica es
3.54
VS
3.63
VS
3.60
VS
3.57
VS
3.49
VS
3.050
0.550
Issuance o i e sa e y
ce i ica es
3.55
VS
3.56
VS
3.62
VS
3.62
VS
3.41
VS
7.161
0.128
Public assis ance desk
3.41
VS
3.54
VS
3.56
VS
3.57
VS
3.46
VS
4.365
0.359
Business one-s op shop
(BOSS)
3.50
VS
3.54
VS
3.49
VS
3.50
VS
3.54
VS
0.562
0.967
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05; Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
When assessing he le el o sa is ac ion o he BFP se ices along he age o he esponden s, i shows ha all
age g oups a e e y sa is ied wi h all he p og ams o he BFP.
In compa ing whe he he di e ence is signi ican , a non-pa ame ic K uskal-Wallis es was applied,
whe ein a p- alue o less han o equal o 0.050 indica es ha he di e ence is signi ican . The p- alues o
he BFP se ices do no indica e ha he e is a signi ican di e ence be ween he ages o he esponden s.
This inding can be a ibu ed o se e al ac o s. Fi s , he BFP's se ices, such as he issuance o i e sa e y
ce i ica es and public assis ance, a e essen ial o he sa e y and well-being o all indi iduals, ega dless o
age. Resea ch has shown ha eme gency se ices and sa e y p og ams ha bene i he communi y end o
os e a sha ed sense o sa is ac ion. When i e sa e y agencies p o ide clea , e icien , and accessible
se ices, people o all ages a e likely o app ecia e he alue o hese p og ams.
Fu he mo e, he high sa is ac ion a ings could be indica i e o he BFP’s e ec i e communica ion and
public engagemen e o s, which each di e se age g oups. Well-s uc u ed public sa e y se ices ha
in ol e ou each and in o ma ion dissemina ion end o os e posi i e pe cep ions ac oss a ious
demog aphic segmen s. Since i e sa e y conce ns a ec e e yone, he BFP’s commi men o clea
communica ion, accessibili y, and p o essional se ice likely esona es wi h all esponden s, leading o
uni o mly high sa is ac ion ac oss age ca ego ies.
I is also wo h conside ing ha , ega dless o age, he BFP’s se ices o e essen ial bene i s ha di ec ly
impac he sa e y and secu i y o indi iduals and communi ies. P og ams like he business one-s op shop
(BOSS) s eamline p ocesses and educe bu eauc acy, which bene i s business owne s and esiden s o all
ages. In pa icula , he BOSS's con enience, e iciency, and cen alized se ice model a e likely o be
app ecia ed uni e sally. Cen alized se ices sa e ime and educe he complexi y o na iga ing mul iple
adminis a i e p ocesses, which inc eases sa is ac ion le els o indi iduals ac oss age g oups.
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
181
Addi ionally, olde age g oups (55 and abo e) may ha e mo e expe ience in e ac ing wi h public se ice
agencies and may ha e seen imp o emen s in he e iciency and accessibili y o se ices o e ime. Long-
e m esiden s o en app ecia e he s abili y and eliabili y o eme gency se ices, which may con ibu e o
hei sa is ac ion. Con e sely, younge esponden s (18-24) may alue he e iciency and mode niza ion o
se ices, especially hose ela ed o echnology and accessibili y, which can also explain hei high le el o
sa is ac ion.
Table 17. Compa a i e analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among
he gende o esponden s.
BFP se ices
Gende
K uskal-Wallis
H- alue
Tes s a is ics
p- alue
Male
Female
O he
Med
In
Med
In
Med
In
Accep ance and denial o applica ions o i e
sa e y ce i ica es
3.57
VS
3.61
VS
3.48
VS
2.638
0.267
Issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es
3.61
VS
3.52
VS
3.50
VS
3.358
0.187
Public assis ance desk
3.55
VS
3.48
VS
3.50
VS
1.256
0.534
Business one-s op shop (BOSS)
3.55
VS
3.49
VS
3.50
VS
0.808
0.668
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05; Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
Table 17 p esen s a compa a i e analysis o he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o BFP se ices
ac oss di e en gende g oups, including male, emale, and o he gende iden i ies. The esul s indica e ha
all gende g oups epo ed "Ve y Sa is ied" (VS) a ings ac oss all BFP se ices. The sa is ac ion le els a e
uni o mly high, wi h no signi ican di e ences be ween he g oups, as indica ed by he K uskal-Wallis es (p
> 0.05).
The lack o s a is ically signi ican di e ences (wi h p- alues anging om 0.187 o 0.534) sugges s ha
sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices is la gely independen o gende . This inding is consis en wi h he idea ha
i e sa e y se ices, as well as public assis ance and business suppo se ices, a e uni e sal and essen ial o
he en i e communi y, ega dless o gende . Resea ch indica es ha public sa e y se ices ha a e pe cei ed
as equi able, e icien , and accessible end o gene a e simila le els o sa is ac ion ac oss a ious
demog aphic g oups. In he case o he BFP, his includes bo h adi ional gende ca ego ies (male and
emale) and indi iduals iden i ying as "O he ."
Table 18. Compa a i e analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among
he ci il s a us o esponden s.
BFP se ices
Ci il s a us
K uskal-Wallis
H- alue
Tes s a is ics
p- alue
Single
Ma ied
Widowed
Sepa a ed
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Accep ance and denial o
applica ions o i e sa e y ce i ica es
3.55
VS
3.59
VS
3.56
VS
3.58
VS
0.401
0.940
Issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es
3.53
VS
3.54
VS
3.62
VS
3.50
VS
2.164
0.539
Public assis ance desk
3.52
VS
3.41
VS
3.58
VS
3.55
VS
6.035
0.110
Business one-s op shop (BOSS)
3.56
VS
3.54
VS
3.48
VS
3.42
VS
2.937
0.401
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05; Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
Table 18 p esen s a compa a i e analysis o he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o BFP se ices
ac oss di e en ci il s a us g oups, including single, ma ied, widowed, and sepa a ed esponden s. The
esul s show ha all g oups epo ed "Ve y Sa is ied" (VS) a ings o he a ious BFP se ices. The
sa is ac ion le els a e high ac oss all ci il s a us ca ego ies, and no signi ican di e ences we e ound
be ween he g oups (wi h p- alues anging om 0.110 o 0.940), as indica ed by he K uskal-Wallis es .
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
182
The absence o signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion le els sugges s ha sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices is
la gely independen o esponden s' ci il s a us. This inding sugges s ha public se ices like i e sa e y and
business assis ance a e uni e sally essen ial, and indi iduals om all ci il s a us backg ounds bene i
equally om hese se ices. Fo he Business one-s op shop (BOSS), which is designed o acili a e he
handling o mul iple business- ela ed ansac ions in one loca ion, he e we e no signi ican di e ences
be ween ci il s a us g oups, ei he , wi h sco es anging om 3.42 o 3.58. This sugges s ha he BOSS is
uni e sally app ecia ed by all ci il s a us ca ego ies o i s con enience and e iciency. Cen alized se ice
models, as exempli ied by he BOSS, a e ecognized o imp o ing cus ome sa is ac ion because hey
s eamline p ocesses and educe bu eauc a ic delays.
Table 19. Compa a i e analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among
he wo k expe ience o esponden s.
BFP se ices
Wo k expe ience
K uskal-Wallis
H- alue
Tes s a is ics
p- alue
Less han 1
yea
1-5 yea s
6-10 yea s
Mo e han
10 yea s
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Accep ance and denial o
applica ions o i e sa e y
ce i ica es
3.58
VS
3.53
VS
3.55
VS
3.63
VS
1.604
0.658
Issuance o i e sa e y
ce i ica es
3.58
VS
3.54
VS
3.58
VS
3.51
VS
0.941
0.816
Public assis ance desk
3.62
VS
3.39
VS
3.48
VS
3.60
VS
11.049
0.011*
Business one-s op shop (BOSS)
3.54
VS
3.48
VS
3.55
VS
3.49
VS
1.313
0.726
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05; Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
Table 19 p esen s a compa a i e analysis o he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP
se ices along wi h he wo k expe ience o he esponden s. When assessing he le el o sa is ac ion o he
BFP p og am along wi h he wo k expe ience o he esponden s, i shows ha all esponden s wi h a ying
wo k expe iences a e e y sa is ied wi h all he p og ams o he BFP. When looking a he esul s, i indica es
ha he public assis ance desk, wi h an H- alue o 11.049 and a co esponding p- alue o 0.011, is
signi ican .
The lack o signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion ac oss wo k expe ience g oups o mos BFP se ices
sugges s ha he sa is ac ion le els a e la gely consis en ega dless o how long esponden s ha e been
wo king. This is consis en wi h indings in public adminis a ion esea ch, whe e sa is ac ion wi h public
se ices o en depends mo e on he pe cei ed quali y o se ice and less on indi idual wo k expe ience.
Whe he esponden s a e new employees o long- e m p o essionals, he undamen al need o eliable and
e icien eme gency se ices is uni e sal. Thus, sa is ac ion is d i en by he e ec i eness, accessibili y, and
p o essionalism o he se ices, a he han he esponden s' wo k expe ience.
Howe e , he signi ican di e ence obse ed in he public assis ance desk, wi h a p- alue o 0.011 (H- alue =
11.049), indica es ha sa is ac ion wi h his se ice is in luenced by he esponden s' wo k expe ience.
Responden s wi h mo e han 10 yea s o wo k expe ience had a sa is ac ion sco e o 3.60, which was close
o ha o he less han 1-yea g oup.
This a ia ion in sa is ac ion could be a ibu ed o he di e ing expec a ions and pe cep ions o indi iduals
based on hei le el o wo k expe ience. Indi iduals wi h less wo k expe ience migh ha e highe
sa is ac ion due o ewe p io expe iences wi h public se ice p ocesses and less amilia i y wi h he
associa ed challenges. People wi h less expe ience may iew public se ices h ough a mo e idealis ic lens,
as hey a e less likely o encoun e ine iciencies o se backs in he se ice p ocess.
On he o he hand, indi iduals wi h mo e ex ensi e wo k expe ience may be mo e c i ical and disce ning,
especially i hey ha e had mo e exposu e o he bu eauc a ic challenges o ine iciencies ha can a ise in
go e nmen se ices. This could explain he ela i ely lowe sa is ac ion a ings among esponden s wi h 1-
10 yea s o expe ience.
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
183
Table 20. Pos -hoc analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among he
wo k expe ience o esponden s along he public assis ance desk.
G p
Med
G p
Med
Sig.
1-5 yea s
3.53
6-10 yea s
3.55
0.239
Mo e han 10 yea s
3.63
0.010*
Less han 1 yea
3.58
0.004*
6-10 yea s
3.55
Mo e han 10 yea s
3.63
0.133
Less han 1 yea
3.58
0.074
Mo e han 10 yea s
3.63
Less han 1 yea
3.58
0.819
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05
Table 20 p esen s he pos -hoc analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices
among he yea s o wo k expe ience o esponden s along he public assis ance desk.
Compa ing he le el o sa is ac ion o hose who ha e wo ked o 1-5 yea s (3.53) wi h hose who wo ked
o mo e han 10 yea s (3.63) and hose who wo ked less han 1 yea (3.58), he p- alue o 0.010 and 0.004
espec i ely indica es ha he di e ence is signi ican . These indings sugges ha esponden s wi h longe
wo k expe ience end o ha e a mo e posi i e iew o he public assis ance desk compa ed o hose wi h less
expe ience. One possible eason o he highe sa is ac ion among esponden s wi h mo e han 10 yea s o
wo k expe ience is he inc eased amilia i y and pe spec i e hey ha e gained o e ime. Wi h longe
expe ience, indi iduals o en de elop a deepe unde s anding o how public se ice sys ems ope a e, and
hey a e mo e likely o app ecia e he e iciency, p o essionalism, and e ec i eness o se ices like he public
assis ance desk. Indi iduals wi h ex ensi e wo k expe ience a e mo e a uned o he challenges ha
go e nmen se ices ace and a e o en mo e app ecia i e when hese se ices mee o exceed hei
expec a ions. No only ha , bu expe ienced p o essionals end o be mo e c i ical, bu hey also ecognize
he nuances o se ice deli e y and a e mo e likely o unde s and he complexi ies in ol ed in he p o ision
o public se ices.
Fu he mo e, esponden s wi h o e 10 yea s o wo k expe ience may ha e encoun e ed signi ican
imp o emen s in he quali y o public se ices o e ime. They may compa e cu en expe iences wi h hose
om ea lie yea s and app ecia e he p og ess made in e ms o e iciency, cus ome se ice, and
esponsi eness. Resea ch indica es ha indi iduals who ha e wo ked in o a ound public se ice
en i onmen s end o become mo e pa ien and unde s anding o delays o challenges, which can lead o
highe sa is ac ion when se ices mee cu en s anda ds.
The signi ican di e ence in sa is ac ion be ween he "Mo e han 10 Yea s" g oup and he "Less han 1 Yea "
and "1-5 Yea s" g oups may also e lec di e ing expec a ions. Long- e m employees o esponden s wi h
ex ensi e wo k expe ience likely ha e a b oade pe spec i e on he s eng hs and weaknesses o public
se ice ope a ions. They may ha e highe expec a ions o esponsi eness and p o essionalism, bu when
hese expec a ions a e me , hey end o epo highe sa is ac ion, as hey ecognize he con inuous
imp o emen s made o e ime.
Table 21. Compa a i e analysis in he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o he BFP se ices among
he highes educa ional a ainmen o esponden s.
BFP se ices
Highes educa ional a ainmen
K uskal-Wallis
H- alue
Tes s a is ics
p- alue
Elemen a y
High school
College
Pos g adua e
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Md
In
Accep ance and denial o
applica ions o i e sa e y ce i ica es
3.60
VS
3.59
VS
3.59
VS
3.45
VS
3.506
0.320
Issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es
3.50
VS
3.57
VS
3.54
VS
3.62
VS
1.997
0.573
Public assis ance desk
3.50
VS
3.48
VS
3.53
VS
3.53
VS
0.683
0.877
Business one-s op shop (BOSS)
3.54
VS
3.53
VS
3.53
VS
3.42
VS
2.585
0.460
*Signi ican @ ≤ 0.05; Legend: VS: Ve y sa is ied, S: Sa is ied, D: Dissa is ied, VD: Ve y dissa is ied
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
184
Table 21 p esen s he compa a i e analysis o he le el o sa is ac ion in he implemen a ion o BFP se ices
among esponden s wi h a ying le els o educa ional a ainmen . The esul s e eal ha all educa ional
g oups-elemen a y, high school, college, and pos g adua e- epo ed "Ve y Sa is ied" (VS) a ings ac oss all
BFP se ice. This sugges s ha he BFP se ices a e b oadly well- ecei ed by esponden s, i espec i e o
hei educa ional backg ound. Fu he mo e, he K uskal-Wallis es shows no signi ican di e ences in
sa is ac ion le els ac oss he di e en educa ional g oups, as all p- alues a e g ea e han 0.05. This
indica es ha educa ional a ainmen does no signi ican ly in luence sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices, and
sa is ac ion is la gely consis en ac oss he g oups.
One possible explana ion o his uni o m sa is ac ion is ha i e sa e y se ices, which include he
p ocessing o i e sa e y ce i ica es and assis ance p o ided by he BFP, a e uni e sally essen ial. Rega dless
o educa ional le el, all indi iduals bene i om and ecognize he impo ance o hese se ices o public
sa e y. S udies ha e shown ha when public se ices a e pe cei ed as c i ical and uni e sally applicable,
such as i e sa e y measu es, sa is ac ion ends o be high ac oss di e se demog aphic g oups. Addi ionally,
he BFP likely employs s anda dized p ocedu es o deli e ing se ices, ensu ing ha indi iduals om all
educa ional backg ounds expe ience simila le els o se ice. This consis ency in se ice deli e y helps
ensu e ha e e yone, ega dless o hei educa ion, pe cei es he BFP as an e ec i e and accessible agency.
Mo eo e , p o essionalism and esponsi eness om BFP s a play a c ucial ole in public sa is ac ion. The
public assis ance desk and BOSS a e se ice-o ien ed pla o ms whe e p o essionalism, imely esponses,
and e iciency a e pa amoun . P o essionalism in public se ice is uni e sally app ecia ed, ega dless o
educa ional backg ound. The esul s indica e ha bo h high school g adua es and indi iduals wi h
pos g adua e educa ion equally app ecia e he p o essionalism and accessibili y o BFP se ices,
con ibu ing o he o e all high sa is ac ion a ings.
In conclusion, he indings sugges ha he BFP’s se ices a e pe cei ed posi i ely by indi iduals om all
educa ional backg ounds. The lack o signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion le els emphasizes he
e ec i eness o he BFP’s app oach in deli e ing se ices ha mee he needs o a di e se communi y. This
highligh s he impo ance o main aining accessibili y, e iciency, and p o essionalism in public se ices o
ensu e ha hey a e bene icial o all ci izens, ega dless o hei educa ional le el. The BFP can con inue o
enhance i s se ices by ocusing on anspa ency, educing bu eauc acy, and main aining consis en , high-
quali y se ice deli e y ac oss all demog aphics.
Ac ion Plan P oposed o Enhance he P og am and Se ice Implemen a ion a he BFP
Below is he ope a ional plan p oposed by he esea che based on he indings o he s udy (Table 22).
The Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) ac s as a p ima y agency o public sa e y and disas e p epa edness
h ough i s co e unc ions (conduc ing i e sa e y inspec ions, esponding o i es, p o iding eme gency
medical se ices, and conduc ing disas e isk educ ion). The s udy “Assessing he Communi y Sa is ac ion
wi h he Se ices and P og ams o Gene al Ma iano Al a ez Fi e S a ion” e ealed ha bo h BFP pe sonnel
and he majo i y o communi y membe s gene ally epo ed high sa is ac ion wi h BFP se ices, no ing
p o essionalism, e ec i e communica ions, and e icien p ocesses. These posi i e imp essions alida e he
agency’s ongoing public se ice and public sa e y commi men .
Despi e hese accomplishmen s, he s udy also unco e ed se e al a eas ha wa an ocused imp o emen .
Among hese a e he limi ed equency and impac o disas e p epa edness d ills, a ying sa is ac ion le els
among di e en demog aphic and expe ience g oups, and he need o clea e guidelines in business
applica ion p ocesses h ough he business one-s op shop (BOSS). Fu he mo e, while inclusi i y has
imp o ed, he e emain gende -based di e ences in sa is ac ion, pa icula ly in i e igh ing ope a ions,
sugges ing a need o u he unde s and and add ess he unique expec a ions and expe iences o di e se
indi iduals.
Since he BFP plays a i al ole in communi y p o ec ion and eme gency esponse, in e en ion should ocus
on modi ying and s eng hening all le els o i s p og ams and se ices o e ec i ely espond o eme ging
public needs, and his ac ion plan seeks o add ess hese speci ic a eas o imp o emen , p omo e
inclusi eness, enhance in e nal ope a ions, and s eng hen communi y engagemen . By p io i izing hese
ini ia i es, he BFP can u he enhance se ice quali y, build public us , and con ibu e o c ea ing mo e
esilien and sa e communi ies.
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
185
Table 22. Ac ion plan.
Key esul s
a ea
Key
pe o mance
indica o
Inno a i e
ac ion plan
Pe sons
esponsible
Timeline
Resou ces needed
Means o
e i ica ion
Quali y
objec i es
deploymen
KRA 1: E icien and e ec i e go e nance, managemen , and leade ship
Disas e
p epa edness
Con inui y and
quali y o egula
d ills (qua e ly)
Ins i u ionalize qua e ly
eco-e icien disas e
p epa edness d ills h ough
upda ed SOPs and
pa ne ships.
In eg a e disas e
p epa edness in o ba angay
de elopmen plans o ensu e
long- e m sus ainabili y.
Conduc aining o aine s
(TOT) o ensu e con inui y
o local disas e esponse
aine s.
BFP pe sonnel,
LGUs,
Ba angay
o icials
Qua e ly
SOP
manuals, upda ed
schedules
D ill schedules,
ins i u ional
epo s
Q1
Business
p ocess
imp o emen
Sus ained use
sa is ac ion in
BOSS
ansac ions
Main ain and enhance he
simpli ied BOSS guidelines
and expand digi al access
De elop use - iendly
in og aphics and
mul ilingual help desks o
BOSS se ices.
Incen i ize online
submissions by as - acking
digi ally comple e
applica ions
BFP
pe sonnel,
public a ai s
o ice
Q2 FY 2025
and ongoing
Digi al
in as uc u e, s a
o ien a ion
Guidelines
e iew, online
a ic epo s
Q2
Cus ome
se ice
Ongoing
imp o emen in
clien se ice
a ings
Con inue pe iodic cus ome
se ice aining and
men o ing o public
assis ance desk pe sonnel
Es ablish a o a ion sys em
BFP
pe sonnel
Q3 FY 2025
and annually
T aining ma e ials,
eedback ools
T aining logs,
sa is ac ion
su ey esul s
Q3
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
186
allowing pe sonnel o
shadow op- a ed desk
o ice s o benchma king.
C ea e a mobile help desk
uni o ou each in a - lung
ba angays.
Public educa ion
Sus ained
in o ma ion
dissemina ion
Con inue and expand he
'Know You BFP Se ices'
campaign h ough digi al
and ba angay-based
ini ia i es.
Launch a qua e ly webina
se ies on i e p e en ion and
sa e y o schools and
wo kplaces.
Collabo a e wi h local media
o weekly " i e sa e y ips"
adio segmen s.
BFP
public
in o ma ion
uni , Ba angay
councils
Q2 2025
and ongoing
Digi al lye s,
p esen a ions
Dis ibu ion
logs, public
awa eness
su eys
Q4
Communi y
engagemen
Con inued
communi y
pa icipa ion
Ins i u ionalize communi y
i e sa e y boo hs as a
egula ea u e in local
e en s.
T ain ba angay you h
leade s as pee i e sa e y
ambassado s.
C ea e annual ba angay-
le el i e sa e y con es s o
d i e engagemen
BFP
o ice s,
Ba angay
councils,
you h
olun ee s
Du ing local
es i i ies and
e en s
Boo h ki s,
olun ee
coo dina ion ools
Ac i i y
epo s, signup
shee s
Q5
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
187
Summa y o Findings, Conclusions, and Recommenda ions
Summa y o Findings
The indings e eal a high le el o sa is ac ion among bo h esiden s and Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP)
pe sonnel ega ding he implemen a ion o BFP p og ams ac oss a ious a eas, including i e sa e y
en o cemen , i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices (EMS), and disas e managemen . Bo h
g oups exp essed sa is ac ion wi h he cla i y and e ec i eness o i e sa e y p og ams, he adequacy o
i e igh ing equipmen , and he eliabili y o EMS, highligh ing he BFP's in e nal commi men o sa e y and
e ec i e eme gency esponse. Addi ionally, he BFP's isible communi y p esence and collabo a i e e o s
wi h o he agencies os e us and enhance disas e p epa edness. Howe e , he lowe sa is ac ion a ings
o he equency and e ec i eness o disas e p epa edness d ills indica e a need o mo e consis en
aining and e alua ion o imp o e communi y esilience.
Mo eo e , indings indica e ha all demog aphic g oups, including age, gende , ci il s a us, wo k expe ience,
and educa ional a ainmen , epo ed a "Ve y Sa is ied" a ing ega ding he implemen a ion o Bu eau o
Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) p og ams, sugges ing a b oadly posi i e pe cep ion o i e sa e y en o cemen ,
i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency medical se ices, and disas e managemen . The K uskal-Wallis es
esul s u he e ealed no signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion le els based on age, ci il s a us, wo k
expe ience, o educa ional a ainmen , highligh ing BFP’s equi able and s anda dized app oach in se ice
deli e y. Howe e , a s a is ically signi ican di e ence was obse ed in sa is ac ion le els conce ning
i e igh ing ope a ions among gende g oups, wi h indi iduals iden i ying as "O he " epo ing he highes
sa is ac ion. This a ia ion may s em om di e ing gende -based expec a ions o eme gency se ices and
pe cep ions o inclusi i y. O e all, he indings unde sco e he e ec i eness o he BFP’s s uc u ed
p og ams, communi y engagemen , and public awa eness ini ia i es in main aining consis en ly high
sa is ac ion le els ac oss di e se demog aphic p o iles.
In e ms o he implemen a ion o BFP se ices, indings indica e ha bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel a e
highly sa is ied, including he accep ance and denial o i e sa e y ce i ica e applica ions, he issuance
p ocess, he public assis ance desk, and he business one-s op shop (BOSS). The esul s e eal ha clea
communica ion, e icien p ocedu es, p o essional and app oachable s a , and anspa en p ocesses
con ibu e o consis en ly high sa is ac ion le els ac oss all indica o s. While no signi ican conce ns we e
ound, he s udy highligh s a eas o po en ial imp o emen , such as enhancing he cla i y o guidelines o
business applica ion equi emen s a he BOSS.
Fu he mo e, he indings e eal ha esponden s ac oss all demog aphic g oups-including age, gende , ci il
s a us, wo k expe ience, and educa ional a ainmen - epo ed high le els o sa is ac ion wi h he
implemen a ion o BFP se ices, such as he accep ance and denial o applica ions o i e sa e y ce i ica es,
issuance o i e sa e y ce i ica es, public assis ance desk, and business one-s op shop (BOSS). The K uskal-
Wallis es esul s indica e no signi ican di e ences in sa is ac ion le els based on age, gende , ci il s a us,
o educa ional a ainmen , sugges ing ha BFP se ices a e pe cei ed as equi able, e icien , and uni e sally
essen ial. Howe e , a signi ican di e ence was obse ed in sa is ac ion wi h he public assis ance desk
ac oss wo k expe ience g oups, wi h esponden s ha ing less han one yea o mo e han en yea s o
expe ience epo ing highe sa is ac ion le els han hose wi h in e media e wo k expe ience. These indings
sugges ha BFP se ices a e e ec i ely mee ing public needs h ough s anda dized p ocesses,
p o essionalism, and accessibili y, ein o cing he impo ance o main aining anspa ency and e iciency in
se ice deli e y o sus ain high sa is ac ion le els ac oss di e se demog aphic g oups.
Conclusion
The s udy concludes ha he Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) has success ully implemen ed i s p og ams and
se ices, wi h consis en ly high sa is ac ion a ings among bo h esiden s and BFP pe sonnel ac oss a ious
demog aphic g oups.
The indings highligh he e ec i eness o i e sa e y en o cemen , i e igh ing ope a ions, eme gency
medical se ices, and disas e managemen , demons a ing he BFP’s commi men o public sa e y h ough
clea communica ion, s anda dized p ocedu es, and p o essional se ice deli e y.
Al hough he e we e no signi ican di e ences obse ed in he sa is ac ion le els in e ms o age, gende ,
ci il s a us, o educa ional a ainmen , a ia ions in sa is ac ion wi h speci ic se ices, such as he public
assis ance desk and i e igh ing ope a ions, sugges a eas o a ge ed imp o emen s. Enhancing disas e
p epa edness d ills, e ining business applica ion p ocesses a he business one-s op shop (BOSS), and
In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions in Academic Resea ch
188
u he p omo ing inclusi i y in eme gency esponse e o s can help sus ain and enhance public us in he
BFP. Ul ima ely, main aining anspa ency, e iciency, and accessibili y will be key o con inuously imp o ing
se ice deli e y and ensu ing communi y sa e y and esilience.
Recommenda ions
Based on he indings o he s udy, he ollowing a e ecommended.
The Bu eau o Fi e P o ec ion (BFP) should enhance he equency and e ec i eness o disas e
p epa edness d ills o imp o e communi y esilience and ensu e bo h esiden s and pe sonnel a e well-
p epa ed o eme gencies.
The BFP should imp o e he cla i y o business applica ion guidelines a he business one-s op shop
(BOSS) o s eamline he p ocess and p o ide clea e ins uc ions o applican s.
The BFP should op imize he ope a ions o he public assis ance desk by add essing he a ia ions in
sa is ac ion among di e en wo k expe ience g oups o ensu e consis en and high-quali y se ice o all
use s.
The BFP should s eng hen communi y engagemen and awa eness campaigns o ein o ce public us
and encou age ac i e pa icipa ion in i e sa e y and disas e p epa edness p og ams.
The BFP should sus ain anspa ency and e iciency in se ice deli e y by main aining s anda dized
p ocedu es, p o essionalism, and accessibili y while es ablishing egula eedback mechanisms o
add ess eme ging conce ns p oac i ely.
Conduc u he s udies on gende -based di e ences in sa is ac ion le els ega ding i e igh ing
ope a ions and implemen measu es o p omo e inclusi i y and equi able se ice deli e y.
Decla a ions
Acknowledgmen s: This esea ch was made possible wi h he gene ous suppo and assis ance o many
people. I'd like o exp ess my hea el g a i ude o each o hem. Fi s and o emos , I hank Almigh y God o
bes owing upon me he wisdom and cou age equi ed o conduc his esea ch job, as well as o bes owing
upon me anquili y o mind and excellen physical well-being. I wan o o e my hea el g a i ude o my
amily o hei un ailing encou agemen and suppo h oughou he di icul p ocess o c ea ing his pape .
I would like o hank my ad ise , D . Ma lyn P. Wacnag, o he cons an suppo , assis ance, mo i a ion, and
encou agemen du ing he w i ing p ocess o my epo . I'd like o exp ess my hea el g a i ude o A y.
Joaquin R Al a, PhD, Dean o he G adua e School, as well as my hesis p o esso , D . Paolo Lumanlan, and he
es o he hesis acul y. I am app ecia i e o hei assis ance and o sha ing hei knowledge and skills
du ing his s udy. Fu he mo e, I would like o con ey my hea el g a i ude o he pa icipan s in my s udy
o hei conside a ion and coope a ion, as well as o my colleagues and hose who we e he e o suppo and
assis ed me wi h my skills.
Au ho Con ibu ion: The au ho solely ca ied ou all aspec s o his quan i a i e esea ch, including he
concep ualiza ion o he s udy, o mula ion o he esea ch design, de elopmen o esea ch ins umen s,
da a collec ion, analysis and in e p e a ion o esul s, and p epa a ion o he ull manusc ip .
Con lic o In e es : The au ho decla es no con lic o in e es .
Consen o Publish: The au ho ag ees o publish he pape in In e na ional Jou nal o Recen Inno a ions
in Academic Resea ch.
Da a A ailabili y S a emen : The da a p esen ed in his s udy a e a ailable on eques om he
co esponding au ho . The da a a e no publicly a ailable due o p i acy.
Funding: This esea ch ecei ed no ex e nal unding.
Ins i u ional Re iew Boa d S a emen : The p oposal o he s udy was app o ed by he Ins i u ional
Re iew Boa d o he Philippine College o C iminology, 641 Sales S ee , S a. C uz, Manila, Philippines.
In o med Consen S a emen : In o med consen was ob ained om all subjec s in ol ed in his s udy.
Resea ch Con en : The esea ch con en o his manusc ip is o iginal and has no been published
elsewhe e.
Re e ences
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i e occu ences. In: 2016 IEEE in e na ional con e ence on ad ances in elec onics, communica ion and
compu e echnology (ICAECCT) (pp. 407-411). IEEE.
2. Ajzen, I. 1991. The heo y o planned beha io . O ganiza ional Beha io and Human Decision P ocesses,
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