Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial
Volume 3, Nomo 4, No embe 2025, P. 399-408
E-ISSN: 3025-6704
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17695642
*Co esponding Au ho
Email: [email protected]
The Impac o B ain Ro on S uden s' Anxie y and Lea ning Focus:Li e a u e
Re iew
Adhelia Husnainy Zaen1, Dewi Sulas i2, Ahmaddin Ahmad Toha 3, Khai il Anwa 4
Depa men o Mas e o Psychology, S a e Islamic Uni e si y o Sul an Sya i Kasim Riau
A B S T R A C T
The phenomenon o b ain o has eme ged as a g owing conce n among
uni e si y s uden s due o excessi e exposu e o digi al media such as
TikTok, Ins ag am, and YouTube, which may impai a en ion, sel -
egula ion, and cogni i e pe o mance. This s udy aims o examine he
ela ionship be ween b ain o , anxie y, and lea ning ocus among
uni e si y s uden s, and o explo e i s implica ions om bo h
psychological and Islamic pe spec i es. This esea ch uses a li e a u e
e iew app oach by analyzing jou nals, books, and scien i ic epo s
published be ween 2017 and 2025, ocusing on s udies ela ed o digi al
media use, cogni i e decline, and s uden well-being. The indings
indica e ha excessi e digi al consump ion co ela es wi h highe le els
o anxie y, educed a en ion span, impai ed execu i e unc ions, and
lowe academic mo i a ion. The s udy emphasizes he impo ance o
digi al li e acy, sc een ime managemen , and sel -awa eness
in e en ions o mi iga e b ain o and main ain s uden s' men al and
academic well-being.
INTRODUCTION
The phenomenon o b ain o has become an inc easingly p ominen end among he
younge gene a ion, especially college s uden s, along wi h he inc easing use o social media and
digi al pla o ms such as TikTok, Ins ag am, and YouTube. This e m e e s o condi ions in which
excessi e consump ion o digi al con en leads o a decline in cogni i e unc ion, such as di icul y
concen a ing, dec eased memo y, and inc eased anxie y (Johnson, 2023). Da a om a Pew
Resea ch Cen e su ey shows ha in 2023, abou 95% o eens and college s uden s in he Uni ed
S a es spend mo e han 7 hou s pe day in on o sc eens, wi h 70% epo ing symp oms o
anxie y ela ed o social media use (Ande son & Jiang, 2023).
In addi ion, ecen esea ch e eals ha he phenomenon o b ain o is no only limi ed
o Gene a ion Z, bu also a ec s college s uden s in a ious coun ies. In Indonesia, a su ey om
he Minis y o Communica ion and In o ma ion Technology in 2023 showed ha 80% o
s uden s spen mo e han 4 hou s a day sc olling social media, which co ela ed wi h inc eased
academic s ess le els (Kemkomin o, 2023). A longi udinal s udy by (Twenge, 2023) ound ha
college s uden s exposed o b ain o had a 2.5 imes highe isk o ha ing sleep diso de s, which
in u n wo sened anxie y and ocus on lea ning. This da a con i ms ha his end is no a
empo a y phenomenon, bu a he a sys emic men al heal h p oblem in he digi al age.
Fu he mo e, ecen ends poin o an inc ease in he use o apps like TikTok, which a e
designed o deli e ins an dopamine h ough i al con en , he eby c ea ing an addic ion simila
o an addic i e subs ance. Resea ch by (Kuss & G i i hs, 2023) in Compu e s in Human Beha io
epo s ha 65% o Eu opean s uden s epo symp oms o social media addic ion, wi h a di ec
impac on dec eased academic p oduc i i y. This is suppo ed by da a om he 2024 Gallup Poll,
A R T I C L E I N F O
A icle his o y:
Recei ed No embe 05, 2025
Re ised 10 No embe 2025
Accep ed 15 No embe 2025
A ailable online 24 No embe 2025
Keywo ds
B ain Ro ; Anxie y; Lea ning Focus;
Uni e si y S uden ; Digi al Li e acy
This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-SA
license. Copy igh © 2025 by Au ho . Published by
Yayasan Daa ul Huda
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Socius E-ISSN: 3025-6704
which ound ha 60% o global s uden s eel less ocused while s udying due o digi al
no i ica ion dis ac ions (Gallup, 2024). This phenomenon has been u he exace ba ed by he
COVID-19 pandemic, whe e online lea ning has inc eased sc een ime, he eby ein o cing b ain
o as an u gen men al heal h end.
F om his phenomenon o b ain o , a ious signi ican men al heal h p oblems eme ge,
especially among s uden s who canno be sepa a ed om he social media laye . One o he main
impac s is inc eased anxie y, whe e a s udy by (Y. Liu e al., 2024) ound ha college s uden s
wi h high social media use had an a e age anxie y sco e o 25% highe han he con ol g oup.
This p oblem a ises because he pla o m's algo i hms c ea e nega i e ci cles o social
compa ison, such as looking a he ideal li e on Ins ag am, which igge s eelings o inadequacy
and social anxie y (Vogel e al., 2023).
In addi ion o anxie y, b ain o also has an impac on s uden s' ocus on lea ning, which
is o en dis up ed by digi al mul i asking. Resea ch by (Ophi e al., 2009) in he P oceedings o
he Na ional Academy o Sciences shows ha s uden s who equen ly swi ch be ween
applica ions ha e a dec ease in ocus abili y o up o 40%, which leads o a dec ease in academic
sco es. Awa eness o his issue has inc eased, wi h a su ey om he Ame ican Psychological
Associa ion (Associa ion, 2024), epo ing ha 75% o college s uden s a e awa e o he nega i e
impac o social media on hei men al heal h, ye only 30% a e aking p e en a i e measu es
such as sc een ime limi s.
The o e all impac o b ain o includes sleep dis u bances, dec eased mo i a ion, and
e en he isk o dep ession, all o which a e in e wined wi h anxie y and ocus on lea ning. A
s udy by (P zybylski & Weins ein, 2023) ound ha college s uden s wi h ch onic b ain o ha e
a 1.8 imes highe isk o expe iencing academic bu nou such as lack o ocus on lea ning. This
p oblem is no only indi idual, bu also social, as i can a ec he p oduc i i y o he younge
gene a ion in he u u e. Global awa eness o his is e lec ed in he men al heal h campaign by
he WHO in 2024, which highligh s social media as a majo isk ac o o adolescen men al
heal h (O ganiza ion, 2024).
Al hough many s udies ha e explo ed he impac o social media on men al heal h, he e
is a signi ican gap in he li e a u e ela ed o s uden -speci ic b ain o . P e ious esea ch has
mos ly ocused on gene al adolescen o he gene al impac o anxie y, wi h no speci ica ion on
he phenomenon o b ain o as a mode n concep (Kuss & G i i hs, 2023). This sho coming
makes his s udy impo an , as b ain o in ol es algo i hmic elemen s and sho con en ha
ha e no been ully in eg a ed in p e ious s udies o lea ning ocus.
In addi ion, many p e ious s udies ha e used small samples o quan i a i e me hods
only, wi hou an in-dep h analysis o he in e ac ions be ween b ain o , anxie y, and lea ning
ocus in he s uden 's academic con ex . Resea ch by (Y. Liu e al., 2024; Twenge, 2023) does ouch
on his aspec , bu does no explici ly link i o b ain o as a speci ic digi al end. This shows he
need o a comp ehensi e li e a u e e iew o ill hese gaps, so ha his esea ch becomes
ele an o ad ance scien i ic unde s anding.
This esea ch is impo an because o he inc easing p e alence o b ain o in he digi al
e a, which can a ec he gene a ion o s uden s as a pilla o highe educa ion. Wi h da a showing
inc eased anxie y and dec eased ocus, he s udy can make an academic con ibu ion by
syn hesizing cu en indings in o a s onge heo e ical amewo k, as well as iden i ying
e idence-based in e en ions. In addi ion, his esea ch can con ibu e by p o iding
ecommenda ions o uni e si ies, such as digi al awa eness p og ams and sc een es ic ion
policies, o imp o e s uden well-being. Thus, his no only ills he esea ch gap, bu also suppo s
he de elopmen o p ac ical solu ions o educe he impac o b ain o on s uden s' anxie y and
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Adhelia Husnainy Zaen, e ., al/ The Impac o B ain Ro
ocus on lea ning.
RESEARCH METHOD
The me hodology o his esea ch is Li e a u e Re iew. Scien i ic sea ch based on
li e a u e sou ces, including books, jou nals, and publica ions ela ed o he esea ch opic.
Pu pose Li e a u e Re iew o li e a u e s udy is p oducing w i ings ha add ess a speci ic opic
(Ma zali, 2017). Li e a u e s udy, acco ding o (Mel iano a, 2019), is a ype o esea ch in which
esea che s do no need o look o esea ch subjec s in he ield. (Sco , 2020) a i ms ha he
li e a u e e iew is conduc ed o ga he ele an heo ies, iden i y concep ual amewo ks, and
imp o e he in e p e a ion o esea ch indings (Wilme e al., 2017).
In summa y, li e a u e e iew is a ype o esea ch ha in ol es collec ing, eading, and
analyzing a ious ypes o li e a u e, including books, jou nals, scien i ic a icles, and o icial
documen s ela ed o he esea ch opic. Li e a y s udies se e as an impo an basis o
s uc u ing esea ch so ha i has a clea , non-duplica e, and app op ia e pa h o cu en
scien i ic de elopmen s. The goal is o acqui e a heo e ical ounda ion, ind a amewo k o
hough , iden i y di e ences in esea ch, and imp o e da a analysis.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
De ini ion o B ain Ro
A phenomenon o en called b ain o can be de ined as a condi ion in which indi iduals
expe ience a en ion de ici a igue (A en ion a igue) and educed cogni i e capaci y due o
excessi e exposu e o digi al s imuli, such as sma phone use o cons an sc olling h ough social
media con en . Resea ch by Sma phones and Cogni ion: A Re iew o Resea ch Explo ing he Links
be ween Mobile Technology Habi s and Cogni i e Func ioning sugges s ha cell phone usage habi s
a e associa ed wi h dec eased ocus abili y, memo y, and delayed g a i ica ion (Wilme e al.,
2017).
F om he poin o iew o he b ain's execu i e unc ion, b ain o can be seen as a
dis u bance in sel - egula ion (Sel - egula ion) and execu i e unc ions (Execu i e Func ioning),
including he abili y o con ol impulses, plan, and dis ac olun a ily. Fo example, in he a icle
Di ec ed A en ion as a Common Resou ce o Execu i e Func ioning and Sel -Regula ion by (Kaplan
& Be man, 2010) i is explained ha di ec ed a en ion is a "common sou ce" o execu i e
unc ions and sel - egula ion ha a e p one o being d ained in a s a e o a en ion exhaus ion.
Fu he mo e, om he con ex o social psychology and digi al cul u e, b ain o also
e e s o changes in in e ac ion and beha io pa e ns ha lead o apid and supe icial
consump ion (Shallow p ocessing) e sus deep p ocessing (Deep P ocessing). A digi al
en i onmen ha p o ides ins an and quick s imula ion makes he b ain accus omed o ins an
g a i ica ion, so ha ac i i ies ha equi e concen a ion and pe se e ance, such as eading,
s udying, o e lec ion, become less desi able. This phenomenon signi ies how mode n
echnology can change he way we use ou men al capaci ies in he long un.
B ain Ro in Psychology and Islam Pe spec i e
F om a psychological pe spec i e, "B ain Ro " e e s o a condi ion in which indi iduals
expe ience educed cogni i e abili ies such as ocus, sel -con ol, and deep p ocessing, due o
excessi e exposu e o apid and epe i i e digi al s imuli. Such exposu e can lead o a en ion
a igue (A en ion a igue) and dec eased execu i e unc ioning, such as di icul y planning,
dis ac ing, o delaying ins an g a i ica ion. Resea ch such as “The Impac o Digi al Technology
on Child en's Concen a ion” sugges s ha excessi e use o echnology is associa ed wi h
dec eased mo i a ion and he abili y o main ain long- e m ocus (Subbu aj & Lenin, 2024).
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Socius E-ISSN: 3025-6704
F om an Islamic pe spec i e, a simila phenomenon can be a ibu ed o he concep o
he p ese a ion o eason (ḥi ẓ al-ʿaql) which is included in he i e maqāṣid al-sha īʿah. Fo
example, he "The E ec o Online Gaming on Child en's Men al Abili ies: Analyzed om he
Maqasid Sha iah Pe spec i e (Hi dh al-Aqal)" discusses how ex eme online ac i i ies can
in e e e wi h he unc ion o he mind and de elopmen o child en wi hin he amewo k o
maqasid. In his amewo k, "b ain o " is no jus cogni i e a igue, bu can also be seen as an
imbalance in he use o echnology ha igno es Islamic alues such as sel -awa eness ( aʿaqqul),
sel -con ol (na s al-ammā ah s na s al-muṭmaʾinnah), and endowed ime (Bouke oucha, n.d.).
The combina ion o hese wo pe spec i es con i ms ha "b ain o " is an
in e disciplina y phenomenon ha includes cogni i e-emo ional and spi i ual-e hical aspec s.
Psychologically, excessi e digi al exposu e can deg ade cogni i e unc ion and sel - egula ion; In
Islam, his e lec s he loss o balance ( awāzun) in an indi idual's li e, which is be ween digi al
en e ainmen /s imula ion and he main enance o a ela ionship wi h God, amily, and he
en i onmen . Fo example, he esea ch "Doomsc olling Spi i uali y On The Mo ali y O Islamic
S uden s In Su abaya" shows ha uncon olled sc olling pa e ns can a ec he mo ale and
spi i uali y o Muslim s uden s (Muhammad Muni & Moh. Tau iq, 2024). Thus, he e m "B ain
Ro " can be used as a ca alys o in i e e lec ion on how we as indi iduals manage echnology o
s ay in une wi h heal hy cogni i e de elopmen and in ac Islamic alues.
Causes o B ain Ro
1. Technology O e s imula ion / Excessi e Digi al S imulus Exposu e
When indi iduals a e cons an ly exposed o as , ickling, and elen less digi al con en
(e.g., social media, sho ideos, online games), he e is a high cogni i e load: he b ain
ecei es many s imuli, bu he p ocessing ime o each s imuli becomes e y sho . This
can educe he abili y o concen a e, p ocess deeply, o main ain long- e m a en ion. Fo
example, he "To Wha Ex en Does Technological O e s imula ion A ec P oduc i i y?"
sugges s ha echnological o e s imula ion co ela es wi h dec eased p oduc i i y
associa ed wi h dopamine low and dis up ed neu al pa hways (Ke shaw, 2023).
2. A en ion & Cogni i e Fa igue
When execu i e a en ion and con ol unc ions a e con inuously used wi hou pause, o
example swi ching be ween digi al asks, sc een mul i asking, mo ing om one app o
ano he , cogni i e a igue occu s. A en ion capaci y dec eases, sel - egula ion weakens,
and he b ain "ge s used o" apid and cap icious s imuli. Fo example, he "Social media
addic ion, a igue and he e ec s on young adul s' academic pe o mance" ound ha
compulsi e social media use was associa ed wi h a igue and dec eased academic
engagemen (Naik e al., 2025).
3. In o ma ion O e load and Social-Digi al O e load
In he digi al age, we o en ace a " lood o in o ma ion", a huge amoun o no i ica ions,
eeds, messages, ideos, and con en ha mus be deal wi h. S udies on "Too much social
media? Un eiling he e ec s o de e minan s in social media a igue" shows ha excess
in o ma ion om social media (In o ma ion o e load) is an impo an ac o ha igge s
digi al a igue ( a igue) and dec eased men al well-being (Qin e al., 2024).
4. The Disp opo iona e Use o Digi al wi h he Pu pose o Reason (Hi z al-'Aql) in an
Islamic Pe spec i e
F om an Islamic poin o iew, one cause is ela ed o he use o echnology/hype -
digi aliza ion neglec ing he ask o main aining eason (ḥi ẓ al-'aql), namely in ellec ual
unc ion and heal hy hinking. Fo example, he a icle "The E ec o Online Gaming on
Child en's Men al Abili ies: Analyzed om he Maqasid Sha iah Pe spec i e (Hi dh al-
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Adhelia Husnainy Zaen, e ., al/ The Impac o B ain Ro
Aqal)" analyzes how online games and digi al echnology can impac child en's men al
abili ies wi hin he amewo k o maqāṣid sya ī'ah (including he main enance o eason)
(Bouke oucha, n.d.).
The Impac o B ain Ro on Anxie y
1. Sma phone Dependence and Anxie y Symp oms
Dependence on in ense and con inuous sma phone use is posi i ely co ela ed wi h
inc eased anxie y symp oms and psychological well-being diso de s. Exposu e o
no i ica ions, encou agemen o s ay connec ed (Cons an Connec i i y), and compulsi e
beha io in using digi al de ices can cause psychological s ess and dec ease an
indi idual's abili y o egula e emo ions. Resea ch in (Zhao e al., 2025) shows ha he
le el o dependence on sma phones is signi ican ly ela ed o anxie y and dep ession
symp oms among college s uden s. This con i ms ha he excessi e use o digi al
echnology no only in e e es wi h ocus o a en ion, bu also has a di ec impac on
emo ional well-being.
2. In o ma ion O e load and Social Anxie y
The phenomenon o in o ma ion o e load and Social O e load (social bu den) due o
excessi e use o social media is one o he main ac o s ha igge an inc ease in anxie y.
Indi iduals who a e exposed o he cons an low o in o ma ion ha e di icul y il e ing
and p ocessing ele an da a, esul ing in cogni i e and emo ional dis ess. S udy by
(Wang e al., 2023) in In e na ional Jou nal o Public Heal h shows ha he bu den o
in o ma ion on social media du ing he pandemic is closely ela ed o inc eased anxie y
h ough in o ma ion s ain mechanisms and inc eased isk pe cep ion. Thus, he du a ion
o digi al use is no he only impo an ac o , bu also he quali y and ype o con en
consumed also a ec anxie y le els.
3. Social Media Dependency and Social Anxie y
P oblema ic use o social media (p oblema ic social ne wo king use) has been shown o
ha e a signi ican associa ion wi h he eme gence o a ious o ms o anxie y, including
gene alized anxie y, social anxie y, and ea o missing ou (FOMO). Me a-analysis o (Du
e al., 2024) in BMC Psychology sugges s ha compulsi e social media consump ion
ein o ces an indi idual's endency o compa e hemsel es o o he s as well as inc eases
eelings o insecu i y and anxie y. This phenomenon e lec s a cha ac e is ic o b ain o ,
which is dependence on supe icial and epe i i e con en ha p o ides empo a y
emo ional s imula ion, bu weakens long- e m psychological s abili y.
4. In ense Use o Social Media and S uden Anxie y
In he con ex o Indonesian s uden s, local esea ch also shows a simila pa e n. S udy
by (Zah o e al., 2022) published in he Jou nal Global Heal h Science G oup ound ha he
highe he in ensi y o social media use, he g ea e he le el o anxie y expe ienced by
s uden s. Excessi e digi al ac i i y igge s emo ional exhaus ion (emo ional exhaus ion),
academic s ess, as well as dis up ions in main aining a balance o pe sonal and academic
li e. These indings con i m ha he phenomenon o b ain o is no only a global p oblem,
bu also has signi ican ele ance in he highe educa ion en i onmen in Indonesia.
The Impac o B ain Ro on S uden s' Lea ning Focus
1. Reduced A en ion Resou ces and Wo king Memo y
Exposu e o digi al de ices o he p esence o mobile phones nea he s udy oom alone
has been ound o educe a en ion capaci y and wo king memo y. Fo example, he
esea ch "E ec s o Cell Phone P esence on he Con ol o Visual A en ion du ing he
Na on Task" indica es ha he p esence o a cell phone nea he pa icipan in e e es
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Socius E-ISSN: 3025-6704
wi h isual con ol o a en ion and slows down eac ions in asks ha demand a en ion
di e ing (C. Liu e al., 2023).
2. Media Mul i asking Diso de s and Dec eased Academic Pe o mance
The simul aneous use o se e al media (mul i asking media) while lea ning, o example
opening social media applica ions while eading academic ma e ials, has been shown o
ha e a nega i e co ela ion wi h academic pe o mance. The li e a u e e iew "E icien ,
help ul, o dis ac ing? A li e a u e e iew o media mul i asking in ela ion o academic
pe o mance" shows ha mul i asking media in e e es wi h a en ion, wo king memo y,
no e- aking, and eading comp ehension (May & Elde , 2018).
3. Decline in Execu i e Func ions and Sel -Regula ion in Academia
Execu i e unc ions such as planning, assignmen assignmen , and impulse con ol a e
essen ial o a s uden 's ocus on lea ning. When digi al habi s make s uden s cons an ly
change assignmen s, dis ac ed by no i ica ions, o easily dis ac ed by mobile phones,
hen his unc ion is weakened. S udies in adolescen s ound ha mul i asking media was
associa ed wi h lowe execu i e unc ion pe o mance, including cogni i e lexibili y and
inhibi ion con ol.
4. Di icul ies in Deep P ocessing and Long-Te m Lea ning
Impai ed ocus and di ided a en ion esul in supe icial ma e ial p ocessing (Shallow
p ocessing), as a esul o s uden s being mo e o en emp ed o swi ch be ween con en
o applica ions a he han engaging in deep concen a ion. As a esul , concep e en ion
while lea ning dec eases, and c i ical unde s anding o he ma e ial is also educed. This
has an impac on he quali y o long- e m lea ning and no jus sho - e m asks. S udy
"Mobile phones: The e ec o i s p esence on lea ning and memo y" sugges s ha mobile
phone p esence is associa ed wi h lowe ecall accu acy in lea ning asks (Tanil & Yong,
2020).
5. C ea ing a Lea ning En i onmen Tha Is Vulne able o Dis ac ions
College s uden s wi h in ense digi al habi s a e o en in a dis ac ed lea ning
en i onmen : no i ica ions, mul i- abs, open apps, and o he de ices ying o a en ion.
This en i onmen inc eases he likelihood o a en ion de ici diso de s and makes i
di icul o s uden s o make he mos o hei s udy ime. Such e ec s a e ein o ced by
da a showing ha he p esence o digi al de ices (e en wi hou ac i e in e ac ion) can
educe he cogni i e capaci y a ailable o lea ning asks (C. Liu e al., 2023).
CONCLUSION
This li e a u e esea ch shows ha he phenomenon o b ain o , which is a condi ion o
dec eased a en ion and mo i a ion capaci y due o excessi e exposu e o as and supe icial
digi al con en , has signi ican implica ions o he psychological well-being o s uden s. Based on
a ious li e a u es, b ain o is associa ed wi h inc eased le els o anxie y, especially hose
s emming om digi al social s ess and eelings o loss o p oduc i i y (Kim e al., 2024; Zhao &
Zhou, 2023). This anxie y a ises in esponse o he inc eased cogni i e bu den due o excessi e
con en consump ion and loss o sel -con ol in he use o digi al (P zybylski & Weins ein, 2022).
In addi ion, exposu e o b ain o also a ec s he dec ease in s uden s' ocus on lea ning. The
li e a u e shows ha he apid con en consump ion pa e ns o media such as TikTok and
Ins ag am Reels lead o a dec ease in he abili y o main ain a en ion and concen a ion in an
academic con ex (Ophi e al., 2009; Tu el e al., 2022). S uden s who expe ience ocus diso de s
end o ha e di icul y in doing assignmen s ha equi e deep hinking and complex in o ma ion
p ocessing. This ein o ces he iew ha con empo a y digi al phenomena no only impac
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Adhelia Husnainy Zaen, e ., al/ The Impac o B ain Ro
en e ainmen beha io , bu also on indi idual cogni i e quali y and academic pe o mance.
Thus, i can be concluded ha b ain o is a ele an phenomenon o be s udied u he in he
con ex o educa ional psychology and digi al psychology. P e en i e in e en ions a e needed,
such as digi al li e acy educa ion, sc een ime managemen , and inc eased sel -awa eness o
media consump ion pa e ns. These e o s can help s uden s main ain a balance be ween he
needs o digi al en e ainmen and academic demands, while minimizing he isk o anxie y and
dec eased ocus on lea ning caused by b ain o (Ande son & Jiang, 2023; Ch is akis, 2019).
RECOMMENDATION
Based on he comp ehensi e analysis p esen ed in his li e a u e e iew, se e al s a egic
ecommenda ions a e p oposed o add ess he g owing impac o b ain o on s uden s’ anxie y
le els and lea ning ocus. These ecommenda ions a e di ec ed owa d educa ional ins i u ions,
policymake s, men al heal h p ac i ione s, and u u e esea che s who aim o mi iga e he
cogni i e and psychological consequences o excessi e digi al consump ion.
1. Implemen a ion o Comp ehensi e Digi al Li e acy Educa ion
Highe educa ion ins i u ions should s eng hen digi al li e acy p og ams ha go beyond
basic echnological skills. These p og ams mus inco po a e con en on algo i hmic
awa eness, he psychological mechanisms o digi al pla o ms, he isks associa ed wi h
excessi e sho - o m con en consump ion, and s a egies o os e ing mind ul and
in en ional media use. Such ini ia i es will help s uden s unde s and how digi al
en i onmen s in luence hei cogni i e pa e ns, sel - egula ion abili ies, and emo ional
well-being.
2. De elopmen o S uc u ed Sc een-Time Managemen Policies
Uni e si ies a e encou aged o design ins i u ional policies ha suppo heal hie digi al
engagemen . This may include designa ed digi al- ee hou s, in eg a ed sc een- ime
moni o ing ools, and wo kshops ha each s uden s e idence-based me hods o manage
dis ac ions. In e en ions such as digi al de ox p og ams, guided s udy ou ines, and
beha io al aining o educe mul i asking may e ec i ely es o e s uden s’ a en ion
capaci y and enhance academic pe o mance.
3. Es ablishmen o Suppo i e and Dis ac ion-Minimized Lea ning En i onmen s
The academic con ex plays a c ucial ole in shaping s uden s’ ocus and mo i a ion.
The e o e, educa ional ins i u ions should c ea e lea ning en i onmen s designed o
educe digi al dis up ions. This can be achie ed by p o iding phone- ee class ooms,
silen lea ning spaces, and s uc u ed lea ning assis ance p og ams ha emphasize deep
lea ning app oaches a he han su ace-le el engagemen . Ins uc o s should also be
encou aged o adop pedagogical s a egies ha p omo e sus ained a en ion and
discou age unnecessa y de ice usage du ing academic ac i i ies.
4. S eng hening Men al Heal h Se ices Focused on Digi al Anxie y and
O e s imula ion
Campus counseling se ices mus expand hei ocus o add ess men al heal h conce ns
a ising om digi al o e s imula ion, such as anxie y, cogni i e a igue, and academic
bu nou . P og ams should include psychoeduca ion on digi al s ess, wo kshops on
emo ional egula ion ela ed o social media exposu e, and he apeu ic in e en ions o
s uden s expe iencing symp oms associa ed wi h b ain o . Collabo a ion be ween
psychologis s, academic ad iso s, and s uden wel a e uni s can os e a holis ic suppo
sys em o s uden s.
5. In eg a ion o Religious and Cul u al Pe spec i es in In e en ion P og ams
Socius: Ju nal Peneli ian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol. 3, No. 4 Tahun 2025, P. 399-408
Socius E-ISSN: 3025-6704
Gi en he ele ance o Islamic alues in he Indonesian con ex , in e en ion p og ams
may bene i om inco po a ing eligious amewo ks such as ḥi ẓ al-‘aql ( he
p ese a ion o eason) o p omo e balanced digi al consump ion. Emphasizing e hical,
spi i ual, and mo al conside a ions in na iga ing digi al en i onmen s may help s uden s
de elop heal hie habi s and enhance sel -con ol, aligning bo h psychological and
spi i ual well-being.
6. Encou agemen o Mul idisciplina y and Empi ical Resea ch on B ain Ro
Fu u e esea ch e o s should p io i ize empi ical s udies wi h di e se me hodological
app oaches, including mixed me hods, longi udinal designs, and expe imen al s udies
ha in es iga e he di ec and indi ec e ec s o b ain o . Resea che s should also
explo e cul u al, spi i ual, and ins i u ional ac o s ha may mode a e o media e he
ela ionship be ween digi al exposu e, anxie y, and lea ning ocus. Such in es iga ions
will deepen heo e ical unde s anding and b oaden he scope o p ac ical in e en ions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The au ho would like o exp ess since e g a i ude o all schola s and esea che s
whose wo ks ha e con ibu ed o he de elopmen o his li e a u e e iew. App ecia ion is
ex ended o he academic communi y o he Sociology and Psychology ields o p o iding
aluable insigh s ha suppo in e disciplina y unde s anding o digi al-e a men al heal h
issues. The au ho also acknowledges he suppo o colleagues, men o s, and ins i u ions ha
ha e p o ided guidance and esou ces h oughou he w i ing p ocess. Thei con ibu ions
ha e been ins umen al in en iching he dep h and quali y o his s udy.
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