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Janua y-Decembe 2025 Volume 31 e247
Ag isos Vol. 31, Janua y-Decembe 2025: 1-5
ISSN-e: 1025-0247
Beha io o Cuban Toma o Cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum L.) unde Di e en
Salini y Condi ions
Ma isel O ega Ga cía1, Yoania Ríos Roca ull2, Ya elis O iz Nuñez3, Lianne Fe nández G anda4 & José F ancisco Gil
Vidal5
1ORCID h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-8076-2675, INIFAT, Science Di ision, Depa men o Mic obial Gene ic
Resou ces and Bioac i es, Ha ana, Cuba, 2ORCID h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0003-1774-0868, INIFAT, Science Di ision,
Depa men o Mic obial Gene ic Resou ces and Bioac i es, Ha ana, Cuba, 3ORCID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-
3823-4537, INIFAT, Science Di ision, Depa men o Mic obial Gene ic Resou ces and Bioac i es, Ha ana, Cuba,
4ORCID h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0003-1887-9132, INIFAT, Depa men o Plan Gene ic Resou ces and Seeds, Ha ana,
Cuba, 5ORCID h ps://o cid.o g/0009-0000-2190-5544, INIFAT, Depa men o Plan Gene ic Resou ces and Seeds,
Ha ana, Cuba.
Ci a ion: O ega Ga cía, M., Ríos Roca ull, Y., O iz Nuñez, Y., Fe nández G anda, L., & Gil Vidal, J. F. (2025).
Beha io o Cuban Toma o Cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum L.) unde Di e en Salini y Condi ions. Ag isos , 1-5.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17701032
Recei ed: No embe 22, 2024 Accep ed: Decembe 5 h, 2024 Published: Janua y 10, 2025
Funding sou ce: no decla ed.
Con lic s o in e es s a emen : he au ho s decla e he absence o con lic s o in e es
Email: di _cien i ica@ini a .co.cu, [email p o ec ed]om
Abs ac
Con ex : Soil saliniza ion is cu en ly one o he mos se ious p oblems acing ag icul u e, as i signi ican ly
a ec s ood p oduc ion; o his eason, i is necessa y o s udy cul i a s ha a e ole an o hese condi ions
o hei inclusion in he coun y's p oduc ion schemes.
Aim: To selec 14 oma o cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum L.), based on hei ole ance o salini y.
Me hods: The ole ance o 14 oma o cul i a s o di e en concen a ions o sodium chlo ide (NaCl) (50 mM,
150 mM, 200 mM) was s udied unde in i o condi ions. Fo his pu pose, he ge mina ion pe cen age (GP)
and he ge mina ion a e index (GRI) o he seeds we e de e mined, as desc ibed by he Magui e index.
Resul s: Among he 14 oma o cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum L.) s udied, T60 and FL-5 we e selec ed as
p omising in e ms o ge mina ion pe cen age (GP) a a concen a ion o 50 mM NaCl, wi h no signi ican
di e ences be ween hem compa ed o he o he s. I was ollowed by M-78, wi h an 80% ge mina ion a e a
his sal concen a ion, making i a p omising ma e ial o use in ag oecosys ems a ec ed by his condi ion.
All o hem showed di e ences in he seed ge mina ion a e index. Rega ding he ge mina ion a e index
(GRI), T60 and M-78 s ood ou in he con ol g oup, wi h no signi ican di e ences be ween hem. A 50 mM,
FL-5 led, ollowed by T60, M-78, and CV-28, wi h no signi ican di e ences among he la e . The emaining
cul i a s s udied did no ole a e he salini y le els e alua ed.
Conclusions: Among he 14 cul i a s s udied o ge mina ion pe cen age (GP) a 50 mM NaCl, he T60 and
FL-5 cul i a s s ood ou wi h supe io esul s, showing no signi ican di e ences be ween hem compa ed o
he o he s. M-78 ollows, wi h an 80% ge mina ion a e a his sal concen a ion, making i a p omising
candida e o use in ag oecosys ems a ec ed by salini y.
Keywo ds: ge mina ion, cul i a s, salini y.
In oduc ion
Clima e change and he se e i y o ex eme wea he
e en s, including d ough s and hea wa es, a e
condi ions ha p omo e inc eased use o g oundwa e
o consump ion and i iga ion, which in u n leads o
g ea e deple ion o he wa e able and acili a es sal
in il a ion in o he soil (Hassani e al., 2021).
Mo eo e , he lack o essen ial nu ien s such as
ni ogen (N), phospho us (P), and po assium (K) in
soils wi h hese cha ac e is ics u he limi s hei
e ili y (Casas & Gal an, 2019). Salini y likewise
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causes majo damage, which o ally o pa ially
es ic s he p ope g ow h o c ops (Ma ínez e al.,
2020). Global es ima ions say ha app oxima ely 830
million hec a es (ha) a e a ec ed by saliniza ion,
which ep esen s mo e han 6% o he o al global
su ace a ea and a ound 20% o he o al cul i able
land (Cou el, 2019).
In Cuba, 14.9% o he ag icul u al land is a ec ed by
salini y and sodici y, and i is es ima ed ha 15% o
mo e o he i iga ed a ea is a isk o becoming
salinized (ONEI, 2021). The e o e, sal s ess
ep esen s a g owing h ea o he de elopmen o
ag icul u e in he coun y, as i signi ican ly a ec s
p oduc i i y (Egambe die a e al., 2019). This
phenomenon limi s he de elopmen o ho icul u al
c ops, as i causes dis up ions bo h in plan g ow h
and in he abso p ion and dis ibu ion o nu ien s o
hei a ious o gans (Saddiq e al., 2020). An issue
ha h ea ens ood secu i y and he inc ease in
ege able p oduc ion in he coun y. To help add ess
his issue, he possibili y o p oducing ege ables on
a small scale is being e alua ed, using a ailable ya ds
and o ganoponic sys ems, and on a la ge scale
h ough land lease, among o he app oaches. In
ecen yea s, hese amily-based ege able sys ems
ha e become a signi ican al e na i e o mee ing
nu i ional demands in bo h u al and u ban a eas
(Vila Pé ez e al., 2021).
Among he mos impo an ho icul u al c ops is he
oma o, which is he second mos consumed ui
wo ldwide (Cal o-Polanco e al., 2016).
Ne e heless, he sea ch o cul i a s wi h g ea e
ole ance o his ype o s ess is essen ial, as hey
would enable ood p oduc ion in a ious scena ios
(İb ahimo a e al., 2021).
Conside ing all hese ac o s, he p esen s udy aims
o selec 14 oma o cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum
L.) based on hei ole ance o salini y.
Ma e ials and me hods
Biological ma e ial The s udy used 14 oma o
cul i a s (Solanum lycope sicum L). T60, M44, FL-5,
Densus, Esca la a, V-18, H-6, M-6, C-15, M-78, V-
28, M-23, C-28V y C-38. Sou ced om he Cen al
Ge mplasm Bank o he Ins i u e o Fundamen al
Resea ch in T opical Ag icul u e “Alejand o de
Humbold ”, INIFAT.
Tole ance o di e en sodium chlo ide (NaCl)
concen a ions The seeds we e disin ec ed wi h 4%
sodium hypochlo i e o 15 minu es and insed h ee
imes wi h s e ile dis illed wa e . The expe imen was
based on glass Pe i dishes measu ing 140 mm in
diame e and 20 mm in heigh , wi h il e pape
mois ened wi h dis illed wa e a he bo om and 25
seeds om each cul i a placed inside.
Each dish ecei ed 25 mL o di e en sodium
chlo ide (NaCl) solu ions (50 mM, 150 mM, 200
mM), along wi h a con ol ea men in which only
s e ile dis illed wa e was added. The dishes we e
a anged ollowing a comple ely andomized
expe imen al design, a 25 °C and 80% humidi y.
Each a ian consis ed o h ee epe i ions.
The ge mina ed seeds we e coun ed om he ime o
es ablishmen un il s abiliza ion, and he da a
ob ained we e used o de e mine:
Ge mina ion pe cen age (GP): Seeds we e coun ed
as ge mina ed daily, using he eme gence o a adicle
equal o o g ea e han 2 mm as he c i e ion. The
equa ion desc ibed by Ruiz e al. (2018) was used o
calcula e he ge mina ion pe cen ages in each block
GP (%) = Numbe o ge mina ed seeds / Numbe o
seeds sown × 100
Ge mina ion Speed Index (GSI): ep esen s he
ge mina ion a e calcula ed h ough a weigh ed ime
o cumula i e ge mina ion. Whe e G is he
pe cen age o seedlings ha ge mina ed du ing he
ime in e al , acco ding o Magui e (1962) and ci ed
by Viei a Fe az e al. (2016).
Expe imen al design and s a is ical analysis: A
comple ely andomized design was used in he
expe imen . The esul s (GP, GSI) we e subjec ed o
an analysis o a iance (ANOVA) wi h Duncan‟s
Mul iple Range Tes (5% e o p obabili y) o de ec
di e ences among ea men means. Fo his pu pose,
he STATGRAPHICS Plus so wa e e sion 5.0 was
used.
Resul s and Discussion
Upon analyzing he esul s, signi ican di e ences
we e obse ed among species and cul i a s, wi h a
educ ion in ge mina ion pe cen ages in mos o he
geno ypes s udied as salini y le els inc eased.
Fig. 1. shows he ge mina ion pe cen age (GP) esul s
in he c op show including cul i a s T60 and FL-5 a
50 mM NaCl, which s ood ou wi h supe io
pe o mance, wi hou signi ican di e ences be ween
hem, compa ed o he o he e alua ed cul i a s.
No wi hs anding, M-78 was nex , al hough wi h
di e ences be ween hem, as i showed only 80%
ge mina ion. A he emaining e alua ed salini y
le els, none o he cul i a s showed a posi i e
esponse (Fig.) 1.).
Rega ding he Ge mina ion Speed Index (GSI), T60
and M-78 s ood ou in he con ol ea men , wi h no
signi ican di e ences be ween hem. A 50 mM
NaCl, FL-5 led he g oup, ollowed by T60, M-78,
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Janua y-Decembe 2025 Volume 31 e247
and CV-28, also wi hou signi ican di e ences
among he la e cul i a s. (Fig. 2).
Fig. 1. Ge mina ion pe cen age (GP) o oma o cul i a s (Solanum
lycope sicum L.): T60, M44, FL-5, Densus, Esca la a, V-18, H-6,
M-6, C-15, M-78, V-28, M-23, C-28V, and C-38 we e e alua ed
unde di e en concen a ions o sodium chlo ide (NaCl) (50 mM,
150 mM, 200 mM) and an absolu e con ol.
In his c op, he mos d ough -sensi i e s ages in
oma o a e desc ibed as hose occu ing du ing plan
es ablishmen (ge mina ion and seedling phase),
immedia ely a e ansplan ing, du ing lowe ing,
and du ing ui de elopmen (Flo ido Bacallao &
Bao Fundo a, 2014).
In o he s udies ha e alua e he e ec o sal s ess
on oma o (Solanum lycope sicum L.) seed
p oduc ion and quali y a di e en concen a ions,
he ge mina ion index was obse ed o ha e
signi ican ly dec eased, as NaCl concen a ions
inc eased (Ei el, 2021), which is also con i med in
he p esen s udy. On he o he hand, Ruiz e al.
(2014) e alua ed he ge mina ion o eigh oma o
geno ypes exposed o di e en NaCl le els; in his
case, he esh and d y biomass o he ae ial pa
inc eased in he p esence o NaCl. Simila ly, when
e alua ing he impac o oma o cul i a s unde
di e en concen a ions, he esul s show a ia ion
among hem. In he Flo ada cul i a , ge mina ion a e
dec eased by 14% a a concen a ion o 50 mM NaCl.
Con a y o he p e ious indings, a concen a ion o
25 mM NaCl inc eased oo leng h by 19%, while a
50 mM NaCl, d y biomass inc eased by 19%, bo h
compa ed o he con ol (En íquez-Acos a e al.,
2023).
Ou esul s a e consis en wi h hose ob ained by
González e al. (2020), who obse ed ha he
ge mina ion a e o oma o seeds om he „Río
G ande‟ cul i a signi ican ly dec eased compa ed o
he con ol ea men as NaCl concen a ions
inc eased. Likewise, Aazami e al. (2021) epo ed
simila e ec s, no only on ge mina ion in his c op,
bu also s a ed ha salini y impac ed he me abolic
and pho osyn he ic p ocesses in ol ed in chlo ophyll
p oduc ion.
In he „Río G ande‟ oma o cul i a , NaCl
concen a ion a ec ed s em leng h, wi h a educ ion
in size obse ed as NaCl concen a ion inc eased
(Abdel-Fa id, 2020).
Fig. 2. Ge mina ion Speed Index (GSI) o Toma o Cul i a s
(Solanum lycope sicum L.): T60, M44, FL-5, Densus, Esca la a,
V-18, H-6, M-6, C-15, M-78, V-28, M-23, C-28V, and C-38 we e
e alua ed unde di e en concen a ions o sodium chlo ide (NaCl)
(50 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) and an absolu e con ol.
The s udy led o he conclusion ha bo h ge mina ion
pe cen age and ge mina ion speed index a e
impo an indica o s o e alua ing seed ole ance o
di e en sal le els, and hus selec ing he mos
p omising ones o u he esea ch.
A 50 mM NaCl, he ge mina ion pe cen age (GP)
was highes in he T60 and FL-5 cul i a s, which
showed supe io esul s wi h no signi ican
di e ences be ween hem compa ed o he o he s.
Nex is M-78, wi h an 80% ge mina ion a e a his
sal concen a ion. A he emaining e alua ed sal
le els, none o he s udied cul i a s showed a posi i e
esponse.
Rega ding he ge mina ion speed index (GSI), T60
and M-78 s ood ou in he con ol ea men , wi h no
signi ican di e ences be ween hem. A 50 mM
NaCl, FL-5 led he pe o mance, ollowed by T60,
M-78, and CV-28, also wi hou signi ican
di e ences among hese la e cul i a s.
The e ec o salini y on cul i a ge mina ion was
di e en ia ed using he Magui e index, a a iable ha
exp esses cumula i e ge mina ion o e ime
(pe cen age), se ing as a measu e o ge mina ion
speed and seedling igo .
The e is high gene ic a iabili y among he s udied
ge mplasm ega ding i s le el o salini y ole ance,
wi h di e ences obse ed in bo h ge mina ion
pe cen age and ge mina ion speed index.
The esul s ob ained in his esea ch ep esen an
impo an con ibu ion, as hey acili a e he selec ion
o p omising cul i a s o conduc ing his ype o
wo k in ag oecosys ems a ec ed by salini y, he eby
helping o inc ease g ain di e si y o ood and
ag icul u e in he coun y.
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Janua y-Decembe 2025 Volume 31 e247
Conclusions
Among he 14 cul i a s s udied o ge mina ion
pe cen age (GP) a 50 mM NaCl, T60 and FL-5 s ood
ou wi h supe io esul s, showing no signi ican
di e ences be ween hem compa ed o he es . Nex
is M-78, wi h an 80% ge mina ion a e a his sal
concen a ion.
Au ho con ibu ion s a emen
Ma isel O ega Ga cía: Resea ch concep ion,
expe imen al design, da a analysis, w i ing o he
manusc ip , inal e iew.
Yoania Ríos Roca ull: Collabo a ed wi h he esea ch
and analysis o he esul s, inal e iew.
Ya elis. O iz Nuñez: Collabo a ed wi h he esea ch
and analysis o he esul s, inal e iew.
Lianne Fe nández G anda: Con ibu ed wi h da a
abou cul i a s, inal e iew.
José F ancisco Gil Vidal: P o ided and iden i ied he
g ain cul i a s s udied, analysis o esul ing da a.
Con lic o in e es s a emen
No decla ed.
Acknowledgmen s
The au ho s hank he p ojec “Gene ic imp o emen
and use o adi ional oma o a ie ies (Solanum
lycope sicum, L.), inco po a ing ai s demanded by
a me s” (PN131LH001.58), om he Na ional
Science and Technology P og am “Food and i s
Ag oindus y,” o he inancial suppo p o ided o
ca y ou his esea ch.
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