Micro- and mesozooplankton in Southwest Greenland waters - Juni 1999, May and July 2000. Technical Report No. 53

1
Technical Repo No. 53, 2003
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Mic o- and mesozooplank on
in
Sou hwes G eenland wa e s
- June 1999, May and July 2000
2
Ti le: Mic o- and mesozooplank on in Sou hwes G eenland wa e s
- Juni 1999, May and July 2000
Au ho s: Sø en A. Pede sen, Mads H. Ribe gaa d og Claus S. Simonsen
Se ies:Technical Repo No. 53, 2003
Publishe : G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
Co e pho o: Sø en A. Pede sen
ISBN: 87-91214-00-9
ISSN: 1397-3657
Layou : Ki s en Rydahl
P in ing: Oddi P in ing L d., Reykja ik, Iceland
P in s: 50 (Danish & g eenlandic summa ies)
Re e ence: Pede sen, S.A, M.H. Ribe gaa d & C.S. Simonsen 2003. Mic o- and meso-
zooplank on in Sou hwes G eenland wa e s - Juni 1999, May and July 2000.
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al esou ces, echnical epo no.53. 59 pp.
Keywo ds: Plank on dis ibu ion, communi y s uc u e, ood web, ocean ci cula ion
A ailable om:G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
P.O. Box 570
DK-3900 Nuuk
G eenland
Phone: +299 32 10 95
Fax: +299 32 59 57
www.na u .gl
3
Mic o- and mesozooplank on
in
Sou hwes G eenland wa e s
- June 1999, May and July 2000
by
Sø en A. Pede sen,
Mads H. Ribe gaa d
&
Claus S. Simonsen
Technical Repo No. 53, 2003
G eenland Ins i u e o Na u al Resou ces
4
Plank onp ø e og målinge a empe a u
og sal holdighed ble indsamle langs s a io-
ne udlag på æ s a de es g ønlandske
iskebanke i juni 1999, maj og juli 2000.
Fo måle med indsamlinge ne a a unde -
søge udb edelsen a små dy eplank ona e
i ha ande , he unde de es ud iklingss a-
die , s ø else , an al og biomasse . De ud-
o e a de o måle a sammenholde ud-
b edelsen a dy eplank one med målinge
a empe a u , sal holdighed og plan eplank-
on.
Ha s ømmens be ydning o udb edelsen
a plank one e ble e unde søg ed hjælp
a en ny ha s ømsmodel o G ønland. Be-
ydningen a små dy eplank on o kuls o -
omsæ ningen og o p oduk ion a isk i de
ie andmasse e ble e analyse e og sam-
menhold med h ad ha o ske e ha unde
i and e om åde a No da lan en.
Unde søgelsen konklude e a ha s øms-
modelle il bli e e nød endig edskab o
em idig o skning, som ønske øge o s å-
else a koblinge ne mellem klima, ha s øm-
me og økosys em o and inge , eksempel is
o and inge i p oduk ionen a eje og isk.
Resumé
Eqikkaaneq
Immap sa aa a appio anna u siamasis-
susaannu pingaa u eqa ne a Kalaalli Nu-
naanni immap sa aanik qa asaasiaq a o -
lugu ilusile suu nu aaq a o lugu misisso -
neqa sima oq. Pinngo i ap kuls o imik kaa-
iaa i sine anu appio aanna u uumasu
mikisu pingaa u eqa ne a misisso neqa si-
ma oq A lan ikullu ima aa a a annaani
sumii inni allani ilisima uu paasisimasaan-
nu sanilliunneqa simallu ik.
Silaannaap allanngo a ne a a immap sa a -
ne anu aama ullu uumassusilinnu ama-
nu a a angiisaanullu sunniu igisa agaa
pillugi siunissami ilisima usa a nissani im-
map sa aanik qa asaasiaq a o lugu ilusile -
suummik a uisa iaqa a nissaq misissuine -
ni ma umani paasineqa poq – soo lu kingup-
pannik aalisakkanillu unisassio ne mi al-
lanngo a ne i misissui igineqa ne ini.
Ki aa a ikkanne saani aalisa iusuni a a aa-
nii uni sine iak sine lugu a ammu sammi-
sumik misissui inni appio aanna unik mi-
sissugassanik ka e suineq immallu kissassu-
saanik a ajoqassusaanillu uu o aaneq
junimi 1999-mi, majimi junimilu 2000-mi
inge lanneqa poq.
Ka e suine ne ni immami appio aanna u
mikisu siamasissusaannik misissuinissaq,
assungalu a a illugu ine ia o a ne a ,
angissusaa , ame lassusaa kiisalu sumii ii
aaliajange simasu iluini appio anna u
ame lassusaannik misissuinissaq siune a i-
neqa poq. Tama uma sania igu appio aan-
na u immami uumasu siammasissusaa
immap kissassusaanu , a ajoqassusaanu
appio aanna unullu immap naasuinu
sanilliunneqa nissaa siune a ineqa poq.
5
Abs ac
Plank on samples and oceanog aphic da a
we e ob ained du ing ansec s udies ac oss
ishing banks o e he Wes G eenland shel
a eas in June 1999, May, and July 2000. The
s udy in es iga es he dis ibu ions o spe-
cies, s age, size, abundance and biomass o
mic o- and mesozooplank on in ela ion o
hyd og aphy, phy o- and p o ozooplank on.
The ole o cu en anspo o li e cycles
o key plank on species is in es iga ed using
an ocean ci cula ion model o G eenland.
The ole o mic o- and mesozooplank on in
ca bon cycling and ish p oduc ion in he
pelagic ood web o e he sou hwes G een-
land shel a e analyzed and ela ed o in-
dings om s udies in o he a eas o he
No h A lan ic.
Simple (o complex) ood web models will
no be use ul o assessmen s o he e ec s
o clima e change on ish popula ions. Mo e
p omising ways owa ds p edic ions o
changes in ish p oduc ion a highe ophic
le els unde clima e change seems o be de-
elopmen o coupled bio-physical models
o la al ec ui men , hyb id ec ui men
models, and s udies o indica o species.
In he p esen s udy we iden i ied he ollow-
ing esea ch a eas in pa icula ele an o
unde s anding species dis ibu ions, cu en
anspo , and li e cycles o he Wes G een-
land mic o-, meso- and me oplank on: 1)
be e unde s anding o calanoid la al do -
mancy, 2) species iden i ica ion (e.g. nauplii
o C. inma chicus s. C. glacialis) using
gene ic iden i ica ion, 3) e ical mig a ions,
and 4) ophic in e ac ions.
The ocean ci cula ion model de eloped o
G eenland will be use ul o u u e esea ch
in he coupling be ween clima e, ocean ci -
cula ion and ecosys em changes. I should
be u he de eloped o ea ba oclinic e -
ec s p ognos ic in o de o desc ibe oceano-
g aphic ea u es like he dynamics o on s
and upwelling/downwelling o di e en
wa e masses.

6
7
1. In oduc ion
The wa e s o Wes G eenland a e domina-
ed by he Wes G eenland Cu en , which
ep esen s a mix u e o wa e om he Eas
G eenland Cu en , he I minge Cu en ,
and sub-A lan ic wa e (Buch 2000a, b). The
wa e mass cha ac e is ics in he Wes G een-
land Cu en a e o med in he wes e n
I minge Basin whe e he Eas G eenland
Cu en and he I minge Cu en mee s
and lowing sou hwa d side by side while
mixing is aking place. As he cu en s ound
he ip o G eenland he I minge wa e sub-
duc unde he Pola wa e and ex ensi e
missing is aking place. Hence, he ma ine
shel ecosys ems a ound sou h G eenland
a e in he in e media e be ween cold Pola
wa e masses o he A c ic egion and em-
pe a e wa e masses o he A lan ic Ocean.
The ocean cu en s ha anspo wa e
om he pola and empe a e egions a ec
he ma ine p oduc i i y in he shel a eas,
and changes in he No h A lan ic clima e
and ocean ci cula ion ha e majo impac on
species dis ibu ions and ishe ies yield
(Pede sen & Kannewo 1995, Jensen e al.
1999, Pede sen & Smid 2000, Buch e al.
2003).
Du ing he las decades no he n sh imp has
become a dominan species o he comme -
cial ishe ies in he No hwes A lan ic (Wes
G eenland and Eas Canada). A p esen
he e is no comple e explana ion o he
inc ease in abundance o no he n sh imp,
bu changes in he ocean clima e is unques-
ionably an impo an ac o (Buch e al.
2003). Scena ios o impac s o clima e
change poin o a modi ica ion o he hyd o-
g aphic egime in he No hwes A lan ic.
Al hough global wa ming, mel ing ice, and
changes in he he mohaline ci cula ion may
c ea e egional lowe empe a u es and
inc eased ice co e in he u u e in Wes
G eenland (e.g. Se eze e al., 2000). Scena-
ios o changes in sea-clima e imply an
impac on he biological p ope ies o he
wa e masses including condi ions ha
likely a ec ish and shell ish ec ui men .
Unde s anding he dynamics o he lowe
ophic le els o he pelagic ood web a e
one o he keys o unde s and changes in
communi y s uc u e and ec ui men
success o ish and shell ish (e.g. Pede sen
e al. 2002).
In G eenland wa e s he ma ine ecosys ems
o Wes G eenland a e in e ms o comme -
cial ishe ies esou ces he mos p oduc i e
and bes in es iga ed. The plank on p oduc-
i i y o he a ea is e iden om he ICNAF
(In e na ional Commission o he No h-
wes A lan ic Fishe ies) No wes lan I-III
su eys in 1963 and annual su eys ca ied
ou du ing ou decades along a numbe o
c oss-shel ansec s (ICNAF 1968, Pede sen
& Smid 2000, Pede sen & Rice 2002). The
main objec o his o ic sampling p og ams
o hyd og aphy and plank on in Wes
G eenland was o s udy he e ec o he
en i onmen on he plank onic s ages o
la al ish e.g. A lan ic cod (Gadus mo hua)
and he ed ish (Sebas es ma inus and S.
men ella). The e o e hese s udies gi e an
incomple e pic u e o he plank on commu-
ni y s uc u e a he lowe ophic le els.
Fo example Pede sen & Smid (2000) e-
po s on dis ibu ion and abundances o
zooplank on caugh by 1 mm mesh size ing
ne s and a ecen ly simpli ied mass balance
model o he Wes G eenland la ge ma ine
ecosys em igno es e.g. luxes h ough he
lowe ophic le els, and he impo ance o
he mic obial loop (Pede sen & Zelle 2001).
Howe e , o many la al ish smalle o ga-
nisms (< 1 mm) e.g. copepod nauplii and
copepodi es a e main ood sou ces and may
be c ucial o la al su i al. The dis ibu-
ions and abundances o la al ish ood
and la al su i al a e de e mined by e.g.
geog aphic o igin, iming o p oduc ion,
8
oceanog aphic ea u es and cu en ans-
po (Pe e sen 1966, Sundby 2000, Pede sen
& Smid 2000, Pede sen & Rice 2002).
Resea ch in pelagic ood webs o he No h
A lan ic du ing he las cen u y has s essed
he key ole o copepods, especially genus
Calanus, as a di ec link o he ish s ocks,
since copepods a e domina ing p ey o ish
la ae du ing hei g ow h (e.g. Bainb idge
& McKay 1968, Runge 1988, Sundby 2000).
Fish and shell ish p oduc ion depends on
ma ine ood web s uc u e and unc ioning.
Howe e , only a small ac ion o he pela-
gic p ima y p oduc ion is e en ually chan-
neled up he ood web o end as ha es able
ish biomass (Fenchel 1988, Kiø boe 1998,
2001). Knowledge o he ole o he mic o-
bial ood web in he A c ic has been limi ed
because he mic obial loop in cold wa e
ecosys ems has been conside ed less impo -
an han a lowe la i udes. Recen comp e-
hensi e in es iga ions in Disko Bay, Wes
G eenland, ha e documen ed ha bac e io-
plank on and unicellula zooplank on also
play a p ominen ole in he ood web o
A c ic ecosys ems (Nielsen & Hansen 1995,
1999, Hansen e al. 2003). The Disko Bay
ma ine ood web is as complex as in empe-
a e a eas, and is domina ed by he la ge
calanoid copepods (Hansen e al. 1999,
Madsen e al. 2001, Nieho e al. 2002).
These la ge g aze s a e key o ganisms in he
de e mina ion o ecosys em s uc u e and
ene gy ans e o highe ophic le els such
as ish s ocks and ma ine mammals. In Disko
Bay he h ee Calanus species co-occu and
can con ibu e o mo e han 90% o he zoo-
plank on biomass du ing sp ing and ea ly
summe . The beha iou al adap a ions o
Calanus spp. o clima e change may ha e
s ong e ec s on he ood web s uc u e,
gene a ing ophic cascades and e en ually
in luence he ishe ies (Hansen e al. 2003).
His o ic desc ip ions o zooplank on om
Sou hwes G eenland exis s: Maclellan
(1967) desc ibed he annual cycle o ce ain
calanoid species in Wes G eenland based
on an annual s udy in God haab jo d and
s udies in se e al o he Wes G eenland
jo ds a a ious seasons du ing 1942-1944.
Bainb idge &d Co le (1968) desc ibed he
zooplank on o he No wes lan I-III su eys
in 1963. Pa sh iks (1968, 1972) desc ibed
he species composi ion and he biological
seasons o zooplank on in he Da is S ai
based on zooplank on collec ions du ing
1962-1964. Smid (1979) desc ibed he
annual cycles o p ima y p oduc ion and
zooplank on in coas al/ jo d a eas o Sou h-
wes G eenland based on s udies du ing
1955-1967. Since hese desc ip ions li le
in o ma ion on he s uc u e and unc ioning
o he plank on communi y exis s om
Sou hwes G eenland.
In 1999 and 2000, ou esea ch c uises
collec ed hyd og aphical da a and plank on
samples o desc ibe species dis ibu ions
and communi y s uc u es o he plank on
ood webs in ela ionships wi h hyd og a-
phic p ocesses (e.g. shel b eak on s) ac oss
comme cially impo an Wes G eenland
ishing banks (Poulsen & Reuss 2002,
Pede sen e al. 2002, Munk 2002, Simonsen
e al. in p ep.).
The p esen pape epo s on (1) dis ibu-
ions o species, s age, size, abundance and
biomass o mic o- and mesozooplank on in
ela ion o hyd og aphy, (2) he ole o cu -
en anspo o li e cycles o key plank on
species using an ocean ci cula ion model,
and (3) he ole o mic o- and mesozooplank-
on in ca bon cycling and ish p oduc ion.
Based on new in o ma ion on he s uc u e
and dynamics o he pelagic ood web sum-
ma ized in his pape , we seek a be e un-
de s anding o he coupling be ween clima e,
ocean ci cula ion, plank on and ish/
shell ish p oduc ion and sugges ions o
u u e esea ch. The p esen con ibu ion is
ele an in iew o he need o a long- e m
ecosys em-based managemen o na u al
ma ine esou ces in Wes G eenland and
elsewhe e (Ja e, 2002; Pauly e al., 2002).
9
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
2.1. S udy a ea and sampling
Sampling was ca ied ou in June 1999, May,
and July 2000 be ween 63°50’N and 66°50’N
o e he Wes G eenland shel wi h he
G eenlandic esea ch essels Adol Jensen
and Paamiu (Figu e 1, Table 1). In May and
June, sampling was pe o med a s a ions
along ansec s c ossing Fyllas- and Sukke -
op Bank. In July, sampling was ca ied
u he no h o include s a ions along an-
sec s c ossing Lille- and S o e Helle isk Bank
using he wo esea ch essels a he same
ime. In May wo s a ions in Da is S ai
and 6 coas / jo d s a ions we e sampled in
he insho e Nuuk-a ea (Figu e 1).
Dep h in eg a ed mic o- and mesozoo-
plank on samples o he uppe 200 m (o 2
m abo e bo om a shallowe s a ions) we e
ob ained om each s a ion shown in Figu e
1. In June and in July wi h Paamiu , samples
we e collec ed om one e ical haul wi h a
WP-2 ne (0.58 m diame e and 50 mm
mesh size) e ie ed a 10 m min-1 assuming
100% il a ion e iciency. In May and in
July wi h Adol Jensen, samples we e collec-
ed using a subme sible pump (900 l min-1,
HOMA-H500, DIFRES-design) equipped
wi h a conical ne o 50 mm mesh size. The
pump o WP-2 ne we e lowe ed o max
100 m in May and July wi h Paamiu and
max 200m in June and July wi h Adol
Jensen s a ed and e ie ed o he su ace
a 10 m min-1. Samples we e p ese ed in 4-
8 % bu e ed o malin in seawa e .
A each s a ion, and a addi ional s a ions
be ween hese (no shown in Figu e 1),
e ical p o iles o empe a u e, salini y, and
densi y we e ob ained wi h a Sea-bi d SBE
9-011 sealogge CTD. Fluo escence was
measu ed wi h a Hyd oSca 2 luo ome e
om HOBI-Labs, excep du ing he c uise
wi h Paamiu in July. The luo escence was
calib a ed agains luo ome ically de e mi-
ned chlo ophyll a con en in wa e samples
collec ed on selec ed s a ions in May and
June (Poulsen & Reuss 2002). The chl a
concen a ions we e used as indices o
phy oplank on biomass.
2.2 Plank on dis ibu ion,
abundance and communi y
s uc u e
Mic o- and mesozooplank on we e so ed
and iden i ied o he lowes possible axon
in he labo a o y. Each species o axonomic
ca ego y was enume a ed and leng h mea-
su ed (Table 2). Wi hin each copepodi e
s age up o 10 specimens we e leng h mea-
su ed. Abundance and leng h in o ma ion
was used o es ima e he biomass as o al
ca bon wi hin axonomic ca ego ies a each
sampling s a ion. Leng h-weigh ela ion-
ships (ca bon con en o ash- ee d y
weigh ) we e ob ained om he li e a u e:
Calanus (all h ee species) and Me idia
longa om Hi che & Mumm (1992), Aca ia
spp. and all copepod nauplii om Be gg een
e al. (1988), Pseudocalanus sp. om Klein
B e le e al. (1982), while o he smalle
Pe iod Reseach essel T ansec Gea (ne mesh size)
May 12-21 2000 RV Adol Jensen 1, 3 Zooplank on pump (50µm)
June 21-30 1999 RV Adol Jensen 2, 3 WP2 (50µm)
July 11-23 2000 RV Adol Jensen 1, 4, 5 Zooplank on pump (50µm)
July 12-27 2000 RV Paamiu 2, 3, 6 WP2 (50µm)
Table 1. Sampling da a om he ou esea ch c uises.
16
Tempe a u e oC.
-0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8
Dep h (m)
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Salini y psu
32.8 33.2 33.6
µg Chl.a l-1
012345
Calanus inma chicus
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
CI
CII
CIII
CIV
CV
CVI-F
Calanus glacialis
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Calanus hype bo eus
Ind. (x103) m-2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Copepod eggs
Copepod nauplii
S a ion no.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000 Appendicula ia
Bi al ia
Ci ipedia
Echinode ma a
Euphausiacea
Gas opoda
Polychae a
0
100
200
300
400
500
600 Aca ia spp.
Me idia longa
Mic ocalanus spp.
Mic ose ella spp.
Oi hona similis
Oncaea spp.
Pseudocalanus spp.
123456
S ages o
Calanus sp.:
S a ion no.:
males) on especially he deepe s a ions wes
and eas o he banks. In June and July he
abundance o C. inma chicus emales we e
lowe o nil. Gene ally no emales o males
o C. glacialis and C. hype bo eus we e
ound. Howe e , in July ew C. glacialis
emales we e iden i ied a s a ions along T 5.
The small copepod communi y (CI-CVI)
consis ed p edominan ly o Oi hona similes
and Mic ose ella no egica du ing all samp-
Figu e 2d
Ve ical p o iles o empe a u e (°C), salini y, chlo-
ophyll a, abundance indices o s age composi ion
o Calanus spp., o he copepods (CI-CVI), copepod
eggs, nauplii, and o he in e eb a e la ae a
coas / jo d s a ion 1-6 in May 2000.
ling imes. To al abundances we e a simila
le els in May and June, and highes in July.
In May he jo dic s a ions we e domina ed
by Mic ose ella spp., and Pseudocalanus
elonga us. Mic ocalanus spp. was dominan
a one s a ion on T 3 in May. Pseudocalanus
spp. occu ed in high abundance a he wo
shallow s a ions nea es o sho e o T 6 in
July. The abundance o bo h la ge and small
copepods was excep ionally high o e deep
wa e eas and wes o he bank on T 2 and
wes o he bank on T 3 in July (no shown).
Copepod eggs showed highes abundance
in May and June, whe eas copepod egg
sacks we e domina ing in July.
By numbe , Bi al ia la ae and ela i ely
la ge copepod nauplii (> 200 µm) domina ed
he zooplank on communi y in May, whe e-
as smalle copepod nauplii (< 200 µm) we e
domina ing in June and July (Figu e 3a, b).
In July high numbe s o gas opod (p e o-
pod) la ae we e ound especially along T 2
and T 3, and in innids on T 1 (Appendix
Table 1g-i).
By weigh , he la ge copepodi es o Calanus
spp. domina ed he copepod and in e e-
b a e biomass in all sampling pe iods, wi h
Pseudocalanus spp., Me idia longa, and
Oi hona spp. comp ising mos o he emai-
ning copepod biomass (Table 3). Calanus
spp., especially C. inma chicus, became
inc easingly dominan om May o July
wi h excep ionally high biomasses o e he
shel slopes along T 2 and T 3 (Figu e 4). In
May, on he coas and jo d s a ions (S . 1-6)
o he copepod species Me idia longa, Pseu-
docalanus spp., Mic ose ella spp. we e
domina ing.
In May, dia oms, Thalassiosi a spp. and
Chae oce os spp., domina ed he biomass
s uc u e o he plank on communi y o he
uppe 100 m ollowed by he e o ophic
lagella es, cilia es and copepods (Table 3
and 4). Con e sely in June (and July) whe e
copepods domina ed o e he e o ophic
lagella es, cilia es, au o ophic lagella es
and o he in e eb a e zooplank on. We
ha e no in o ma ion on he species compo-

17
Figu e 3a
Mean concen a ions o mic o- and mesozooplank-
on ca ego ies by size and sampling loca ion in May
2000 (uppe panels) and June 1999 (lowe panels).
Figu e 3b
Mean concen a ions o mic o- and mesozooplank-
on ca ego ies by size and sampling loca ion in
July 2000.
Figu e 4
Dis ibu ion and biomass (mg C m -2 ) o Calanus spp. in May 2000, June 1999 (le panels) and July 2000
( igh panels). Do sizes a e g adua ed by squa e oo . No e di e en scales be ween le and igh panel.
T 2 June 1999
Size (µm)
50-100 101-150 151-200201-250251-300301-400401-500 >501
Ind. (x103) m-2
0
50
100
150
200
T 3 June 1999
0
50
100
150
200
Calanus C1-6
Mic ose . C1-6
Oi hona C1-6
Copepod eggs
Copepod npl
Bi al ia la ae
Gas opod la ae
Tin innids
O he s
T 3 May 2000
Ind. (x103) m-2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Calanus C1-6
Mic ose . C1-6
Oi hona C1-6
Copepod eggs
Copepod npl
Bi al ia la ae
Euphausidae eggs
Euphausidae la ae
O he s
1346
T 1 May 2000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Fjd May 2000
Size (µm)
50-100 101-150 151-200201-250251-300301-400401-500 >501
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 1192
N=5
N=6
N=6
N=5
N=5
T 6 July 2000
0
100
200 Calanus C1-6
Mic ose . C1-6
Oi hona C1-6
Copepod eggs
Copepod npl
Bi al ia la ae
Gas opod la ae
Tin innids
O he s
T 5 July 2000
0
100
200
T 4 July 2000
0
100
200
T 3 July 2000
Ind. (x103) m-2
0
100
200
300
400
T 2 July 2000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
T 1 July 2000
Size (µm)
50-100 101-150 151-200201-250 251-300301-400 401-500 >501
0
100
200
N=5
N=6
N=5
N=4
N=10
N=5
18
si ion and biomasses o phy o- and p o o-
zooplank on om July, howe e , in innids
we e e y abundan on se e al s a ions.
In o ma ion abou e ical dis ibu ions o
mic o- and mesozooplank on a some o he
s a ions in May 2000 indica e ha zoo-
plank on was mos abundan in he uppe
~100m and a he Fjo d s a ions be ween
100 and 30m (Appendix Table 2-4). How-
e e , copepod eggs and nauplii we e mos
abundan in he uppe 50 m along T 1 and
T 3 o e he shel (Appendix Table 2b,c).
Loca ion T ansec s 1, 3 T ansec s 2,3 T ansec s 1-6 Fjo d (S . 1-6)
Sampling pe iod May 2000 June 1999 July 2000 May 2000
Numbe o s a ions 11 10 36 6
Plank on ca ego y Mean S d Mean S d Mean S d Mean S d
Copepods:
C. inma chicus 160 266 764 534 3120 5509 4 3
C. glacialis 123 114 724 480 1858 2847 14 7
C. hype bo eus 304 385 563 584 1291 3875 16 15
Aca i
a
s
pp
.14001425
Me idia longa 16 52 51 114 37 109 94 230
Mic ocalanus spp. 17 31 3 4 2 4 4 5
Mic ose ella spp. 12 10 9 12 17 275475
Oi hona similis 27 21 21 21 65 74 13 7
Oncaea spp. 0 0 3 3 5 12 11 22
Pseudocal anus spp. 66 82 22 20 49 54 74 62
Copepod eggs 88 63 22 40 34 34 56 63
Copepod nauplii 413 349 27 333442226 242
To al Copepods 1229 1376 2210 1845 6513 12592 566 736
O he in e eb a es:
Appendicula ia 16 22 24 29 7 11 4 4
Bi al ia 37 47 3 4 12 20 58 99
Ci ipedia 103 190 63115 45 85 301 315
Echinode ma a - - - -
Euphausiacea 209 450 15 24 14 42 109 119
Gas opoda 13 33 11 19 56 95 4 7
Polychae a 8 6 4 2 4 3 21 8
Pandalus la ae* 15 29 7 5 8 8 23 19
To al o he in e eb a es 401 776 127 198 146 263 520 570
*F om Pede sen e al . (2002).
Table 3. Mean biomass (mg C m-2) o each zooplank on ca ego y by sampling loca ion and pe iod.
19
Loca ion T ansec s 1, 3 T ansec s 2,3 Fjo d (S . 4)
Sampling pe iod May 2000 June 1999 May 2000
Numbe o s a ions 8 5 1
Plank on ca ego y Mean S d Mean S d Mean S d
Au o ophic o ganisms:
Flagella es < 10 µm 90 39 185 86 107 -
Flagella es > 10 µm 16 23 44 64 0 -
Euglenophyceae 16 45 0 0 0 -
Phaeocys is pouche ii 436 341 - - 4010 -
A.Dino lagella es 44 42 37 50 83 -
Ce a ium a c icum 00 94209 0 -
Cen ic dia oms 339 339 18 22 8 -
Chae oce os spp. 3567 2171 395 881 2327 -
Thalassiosi a spp. 4985 1792 25 53 1716 -
Penna e dia oms 332 363 29 51 99 -
Mesodinium ub um 76 53 0 -
To al au o ophic biomass (mg C m-2)9831342083112248349-
He e o ophic o ganisms:
Nano lagella es < 10 µm 32 22 94 47 132 -
Nano lagella es > 10 µm 1 3 6 7 0 -
Coano lagella es 108 70 34 39 58 -
A.Dino lagella es < 20 µm 95 65 149 101 294 -
A.Dino lagella es > 20 µm 948 656 205 205 1683 -
T.Dino lagella es 136 66 32 27 107 -
Cilia es < 50 µm 252 115 109 72 322 -
Cilia es > 50 µm 392 363 115 61 151 -
Laboea s obila 77 91 18 21 25 -
Tin innids 12 27 2 3 3 -
To al he e o o
p
hic biomass
(
m
g
C m-2
)
2053 1108 763 376 2775 -
Table 4. Mean biomass (mg C m-2) o phy oplank on and p o ozooplank on by sampling loca ion and
pe iod. Da a om Poulsen and Reuss (2002).
3.2 Plank on anspo by
ocean cu en s and e ec s o
hyd og aphic ea u es
We ound good ag eemen be ween he cu -
en simula ions and d i e acks o wo
d i e s (d ogue in 30 m) deployed along
T 1 in May 2000. The cu en model simula-
ed hyd og aphic ea u es seen in he d i e
acks – he semidu ial idal ellipses, ci cu-
la ion a ound shel banks and a ne no h-
wa d lowing d i along he shel which
gene ally ollowing he dep h con ou
(Figu e 5). The s eng h o he cu en s and
he gene al cyclonic ci cula ion in he Lab a-
do Sea was also well modelled compa ed
o o he obse a ions (Jacobsen e al. 2003).
Modelled ajec o ies o pa icles by elease
loca ions (T 0, T 1 and T 3) o wo yea s,
1999 and 2000, we e almos iden ical in
spi e o di e ences in he wind ields be-
ween yea s. T acking o pa icles eleased
in di e en dep hs (10, 30, 50 and 80 m)
showed mino di e ences in anspo
pa e ns indica ing mino e ec s o adding
e ical beha iou o he pa icles (plank on).
Simula ions o d i e s eleased in 30 m along
T 0, T 1 and T 3 ac oss he shel showed
clea di e ences in he anspo pa e ns
(Figu e 5). D i e s eleased in coas al a eas
and o e he shel d i ed no h ending in
he cos o caugh in eddies o e he shel
banks. The wes e nmos d i e s we e ei he
anspo ed wes o he Lab ado shel (T 0)
o no h along he Wes G eenland shel
slope (T 1 and T 3).
20
Figu e 5
Model calcula ed mean cu en eloci y, Ap il-Oc obe 2000, in 30 m o e he Sou hwes G eenland shel
(le panel), and model calcula ed acks o pa icles eleased in 30 m on May 12 2000 along h ee ansec s
ac oss he shel (T 0, T 1, and T 3) ( igh panel). Addi ional ma ks on he calcula ed pa icle acks in
panel B indica ed posi ion on July 12 and he acking was s opped on Sep embe 12.
21
4.1 Plank on dis ibu ions,
s age de elopmen and li e
cycles
The uppe 200 m du ing May, June, and
July we e domina ed by Pola wa e , which
is cha ac e ized by empe a u es below 0°C
(inc easing o 3–5°C in he su ace laye du-
ing summe ) and salini ies below 34.4 (Buch
2000). A hyd og aphic on al zone be ween
cold Pola wa e and wa me mixed shel
wa e o e he bank was mos clea ly seen
in June on he wes e n pa o T 3 (Figu e
2b). In May and July, on s we e di icul o
iden i y ac oss ansec s. Ve ical lines we e
clea ly seen be ween wa me and less saline
wa e in he su ace laye s and nea he
coas due o eshwa e uno . The coa se
spa ial and empo al esolu ion o hyd og a-
phical da a measu emen s makes de ec ion
o he small scale on al p ocesses di icul .
F on s may only occu pe iodically wi hin
he sampled a eas. We ound no clea ela-
ionship be ween zooplank on abundance
and wa e mass cha ac e is ics.
In May and June, chlo ophyll a was concen-
a ed in he ela i ely cold Pola wa e
mass. Du ing he sp ing bloom in May he
phy oplank on biomass (92 ± 45 mg C m -3 )
was domina ed by dia oms o Thalassiosi a
spp. and Chae oce os spp. (Poulsen & Reuss
2002). In June, a pos -bloom si ua ion p e-
ailed on mos o T 3 esul ing in a e y low
phy oplank on biomass (2 ± 1 mg C m -3)
(Poulsen & Reuss 2002). Peak phy oplank on
biomasses (30 mg C m -3) we e ound a he
wes e n pa o T 3 whe e dia oms o Chae-
oce os spp. domina ed (Figu e 2b). In July
p onounced subsu ace concen a ions o
chlo ophyll a we e obse ed in he uppe 50
m o he wa e column on T 1, T 4, and T 5.
The phy oplank on composi ion o hese
subsu ace blooms was no in es iga ed, bu
dia oms p obably domina ed (Nielsen &
Hansen 1999). In all cases he blooms ex en
down o he dep h o he uppe he mocline.
The onse o he seasonal phy oplank on
de elopmen (sp ing bloom) begin in Sou h-
wes G eenland in Ap il and i is delayed
om sou h o no h due o e.g. la e inc ease
in day-leng h and wi hd aw o he Wes -Ice
co e ing he Ba in Bay and Da is S ai
du ing win e (Pa sh iks 1968, 1972, Jensen
e al. 1999, Head e al. 2000). Howe e , du-
a ion and ex en o he ice co e a e ela ed
o clima ic condi ions, and, consequen ly,
onse and de elopmen o he sp ing bloom
a y om yea o yea . A e he sp ing
bloom, only mino blooms de elop, caused
by in usions o nu ien s due o empo al
mixing o he su ace wa e (Nielsen &
Hansen 1999).
We ound weak ela ionships be ween chlo-
ophyll a concen a ions and zooplank on
abundance. High copepod and in e eb a e
abundances coincided wi h high chl a con-
cen a ions, which may indica e inc eased
g ow h and su i al in high p oduc i e
a eas.
The h ee species o la ge copepods Calanus
inma chicus, C. glacialis, and C. hype bo-
eus we e domina ing in e ms o biomass.
The e was a gene al inc easing biomass o
he h ee Calanus species and especially o
C. inma chicus om May o July as indi i-
duals and popula ions gain weigh and de-
eloped. Acco ding o Pa sh iks (1968, 1972)
C. inma chicus s age CVI- emales was he
mos abundan mesozooplank on o e he
Wes G eenland Shel in Ap il. F om Ap il
o July he p ogeny o he spawning C. in-
ma chicus emales in his egion g adually
de elops o copepodid s ages IV and V,
which by July became dominan in e ms o
biomass. C. inma chicus, b ough o Wes
G eenland ollowing he I minge Wa e ,
4. Discussion

22
p obably spawns i s , and hen he local C.
inma chicus popula ion, which has o e -
win e ed in he cos al wa e s spawns. This
aspec , howe e , equi es u he s udy
(Pa sh iks 1972). Acco ding o Pa sh iks
(1972) i is qui e p obable ha in he deep
cen al pa o he Da is S ai he i s
spawning also e e s o C. inma chicus
om he I minge Wa e and ha he o ms
which ha e o e win e ed in he deep wa-
e s o he s ai spawn la e . Because i is
known ha his a ea is inhabi ed by se e al
popula ions o Calanus which di e in body
size and in spawning pe iods hese ques ions
can be esol ed by a mo e de ailed s udy o
he mo phology o Calanus in Da is S ai
(Pa sh iks 1972). Acco ding o Pa sh iks
(1972), he C. inma chicus popula ion
which spawns in May on he G eenland
shel in he sou he n pa o Da is S ai con-
sis s o small emales (a e age leng h o ce-
phalo ho ax 2.6-2.8 mm) and he emales
ha spawn somewha la e in he deep basin
o he Lab ado Sea a e la ge (2.9-3.0 mm).
The spawning o he la e popula ion s a s
in June and con inues du ing July and pa
o Augus . In July, he spawning o C. in-
ma chicus con inued e y ac i ely in he wa-
e s o he Wes G eenland cu en o
sou he n G eenland, leading o an ex emely
la ge inc ease in he numbe s o ju eniles
5,182 ind. m-3 (Pa sh iks 1972). The emales
o C. inma chicus which spawned in Au-
gus and Sep embe in he no he n pa o
Da is S ai we e la ge (3.2-3.4 mm) and
appa en ly belong o a sepa a e popula ion
(Pa sh iks 1972).
In May, in his s udy, he e was abou equal
abundance o he h ee Calanus species wi h
s age CI being domina ing in C. inma chi-
cus and C. glacialis, whe eas CII domina ed
o e CI in C. hype bo eus. Females o C.
inma chicus we e abundan , whe eas no
emales o C. glacialis o C. hype bo eus
we e obse ed.
In Disko Bay in 1996, he maximum abun-
dance o emales o C. inma chicus, C.
glacialis, and C. hype bo eus in June was
6,498, 1,446, and 1,131 ind. m–2, espec i ely
(Nieho e al. 2002). In he p esen s udy
he maximum emale abundance o C. in-
ma chicus was 3,458 ind. m–2 in May, how-
e e , e y high abundances o CIV and CV
o all h ee Calanus species was obse ed in
July. The abundance and demog aphic s uc-
u e indica e ha he h ee species o Cala-
nus ha e de eloped om CI-CII o CIV-CV
be ween he sampling in May and July. In
Disko Bay, he li e cycle o C. inma chicus
was deduced o be 1 yea and a leas 2 yea
o C. glacialis and C. hype bo eus (Madsen
e al. 2001). C. inma chicus, C. glacialis,
and C. hype bo eus, ep oduce success ully
in Disko Bay (Nieho e al. 2002). Howe e ,
hei ep oduc i e cycles we e conside ably
di e en wi h espec o he iming o inal
gonad ma u a ion and spawning. The h ee
Calanus species ha e e ol ed di e en e-
p oduc i e s a egies o adap o he seaso-
nal phy oplank on de elopmen (Nieho e
al. 2002). C. inma chicus in Disko Bay ou -
numbe s bo h C. glacialis and C. hype bo-
eus by up o a ac o o h ee h oughou
he yea , indica ing ha his species can e-
p oduce and ec ui success ully in ecosy-
s ems s ongly in luenced by pola condi-
ions (Madsen e al. 2001, Nieho e al.
2002). A S alba d and in he ma ginal ice
zone o he Ba en s Sea in no heas A lan ic,
Sco e al. (2000) and Falk-Pe e sen e al.
(1999) ound C. inma chicus o ha e a 1
yea li e cycle, C. glacialis 1-2 yea li e cycle,
and C. hype bo eus a 3-5 yea li e cycle.
These gene a ion imes seems o i o Cala-
nus in sou hwes G eenland wa e s. How-
e e , based on only h ee sampling pe iods
in his s udy i is di icul o deduce he de-
elopmen and li e cycles o he h ee Cala-
nus species, because one has o ake in o
accoun e.g. ad ec ion by cu en s and mix-
ing o di e en popula ions o e he sou h-
wes G eenland shel (Pa sh iks 1972). The
s age composi ion o he species in plank on
samples e lec s he ep oduc i e cycles and
e.g. ime/du a ion/in ensi y o spawning,
s age de elopmen imes, mig a ions, ad ec-
ions and su i al/mo ali y.
We ound high numbe s o Calanus nauplii,
low numbe s o Calanus copepodi es in
23
s age CI mainly, ew emales o C. inma -
chicus, no emales o C. glacialis o C. hype -
bo eus in he coas and jo d samples in
May. We hypo hesize ha he young Cala-
nus s ages ha e d i ed in o he jo d om
o sho e a eas. Smid (1979) ound some
zooplank on species o occu mainly in he
inne jo d egions, while o he s mainly
occu close o Da is S ai , and a e uni o m-
ly dis ibu ed. Among he copepods, Pseu-
docalanus spp., Me idia longa, Oncaea bo-
ealis and Mic ose ella no egica we e mos
equen in he inne jo d egions, while
species o Calanus and Mic ocalanus we e
mainly o exclusi ely ound in cos al egions.
Maclellan (1967) ound ew young s ages o
Calanus in he inne jo d and sugges s he
p ogeny om he jo d popula ion may ha e
been ad ec ed ou o he jo d wi h he un-
o mel wa e . I seems he e o e likely ha
e.g. he Calanus spp. popula ions in he jo d
a e sus ained by in low om o sho e and
coas al popula ions.
4.2 Plank on cu en
anspo and e en ion
We ound unusual high abundance and
biomass o copepods and in e eb a es a
s a ions o e deep wa e on T 2 and T 3 in
July 2000, which was an o de o magni ude
highe han o he ansec s. The a ea c ossed
by T 2 is an impo an summe eeding a ea
o baleen whales, mainly humpback whale
(Megap e a no aeangliae), which suppo s
he indings o excep ional high plank on
densi ies he e (Finn La sen, DIFRES, Cha -
lo enlund, Denma k, pe s. comm.). Special
hyd og aphical ea u es in his a ea may
cause plank on agg ega ions. As he no h-
wa d d i ing Wes G eenland Cu en mee s
Sukke op Deep and pass wes o To qussaq-
and Sukke op Bank i p oduces complex
gy es and ci cula ion pa e ns in Sukke op
Deep and along he bank slopes which may
agg ega e zooplank on. Fu he no h along
T 5, Munk (2002) ound plank on agg ega-
ions and ju enile ish eeding in a hyd o-
g aphic on al zone indica ing he impo -
ance o on s o biological p oduc ion and
ish ec ui men . The d i e acks o wo
d i e s deployed in May 2000 along T 1 and
ou d i e simula ions also indica ed com-
plex ocean ci cula ion pa e ns o e he shel
no h o 64°N a he same loca ions.
Hyd og aphic ea u es, on s and eddies
may ac as ba ie s o plank on anspo o
con ibu e o plank on e en ion - p ocesses
which is impo an o species and plank on
dis ibu ions (e.g. Sinclai 1988, Sou nia
1994, Hannah e al. 2000, Munk e al. 2003).
In Wes G eenland la al d i by su ace
cu en s is assumed o be essen ial o he
ish and shell ish ec ui men o downs eam
ishing a eas and jo ds, whe eas la al e-
en ion may domina e in o he a eas (Pede -
sen & Rice 2002, Pede sen e al. 2002, Ribe -
gaa d e al. 2003). Ribe gaa d e al. (2003)
simula ed pa icle anspo om ou
elease a eas along Wes G eenland and hey
showed ha a e 100 days abou 80% o
he pa icles we e loca ed o e he Wes
G eenland shel be ween 64°N and 67°N
and abou 20% we e loca ed on he Cana-
dian Lab ado shel and in he Da is S ai
a dep hs > 1,000 m. O he la e 20 % mos
we e eleased sou h o 63°N. Hence pa icles
om he sou he n elease a eas we e ans-
po ed he longes dis ances, while pa icles
om elease a ea be ween 64°N and 67°N
we e anspo ed ela i ely sho dis ances.
The no hwa d loa ing Wes G eenland
Cu en has a s ong e ec on species com-
posi ion, communi y s uc u e, ood web
dynamics and hence ecosys em p oduc i i y.
Plank on animals o di e en geog aphic
o igin occu in he su ey a ea. As he indi-
idual li e cycle o plank on inc eases in
ime he impo ance o he ad ec ion e m
inc eases and o e.g. C. inma chicus wi h
a li e cycle o se e al mon hs, he ad ec ion
e m may become e y impo an (Sundby
2000). Mic o- and mesozooplank on in he
su ey a ea e.g. Calanus spp. seems o be
d i ed o he a ea om Sou h o Eas G een-
land. Head e al. (2000) ound high concen-
a ions and p oduc i i y o C. inma chicus
in sou hwes G eenland. I seems likely ha
C. inma chicus popula ions o e he Wes
G eenland shel o a la ge ex en is su-
24
Figu e 6
Simpli ied schema ic ep esen a ion o communi y s uc u e (biomass in mg C m-2), ca bon and nu ien
low h ough he lowe ophic ood web du ing he sp ing-bloom pe iod in May 2000 (A) and he pos -
bloom pe iod in June 1999 (B). DIM=dissol ed ino ganic ma e ial (C, Ca, Si, N, P..), POM=pa icula e
o ganic ma e ial, and DOM=dissol ed o ganic ma e ial.
A - Sp ing bloom pe iod:
0-~100m, mg C m
-2
May 12-21 2000
O he in e eb a es

He e o ophic
Dino lagella es

Cilia es


He e o ophic
Nano lagella es

Bac e ia
"
Phy oplank on
>11 µm

Phy oplank on
<11 µm

',0
320
"
'20
"
6HGLPHQWDWLRQ
"
B -
Pos -bloom pe iod:
0-~100m, mg C m
-2
June 21-30 1999
(July 11-27 2000)
O he in e eb a es

He e o ophic
Dino lagella es

Cilia es

Copepods


He e o ophic
Nano lagella es

Phy oplank on
>11 µm

Phy oplank on
<11 µm

Bac e ia
"
320
"
'20
"
6HGLPHQWDWLRQ
"
',0
Copepods
25
s ained om he main C. inma chicus
dis ibu ion a ea sou h o G eenland and
ha he a iabili y in ad ec ional anspo
o Wes G eenland ha e s ong implica ions
o e.g. A lan ic cod ec ui men (Sundby
2000). Today he Wes G eenland cod popu-
la ion is a a e y low le el as se e al o he
A lan ic ish species. Howe e , du ing he
wa me pe iod in 1950‘s and 1960‘s wi h
highe biological p oduc ion se e al ish
popula ions was la ge and p oduc i e in
Sou hwes G eenland, especially he com-
me cially mos impo an A lan ic cod
(Pede sen & Smid 2000, Pede sen & Rice
2002, Wieland & Ho gaa d 2002). Du ing
he 1950s and 1960s la ge numbe s o A lan-
ic cod la ae and o he ish la ae we e
anspo ed om sou hwes G eenland
spawning g ounds o he Lab ado shel o
ec ui o popula ions he e.
4.3 Ve ical lux, ca bon
cycling and ish p oduc ion
Du ing he May su ey phy oplank on (dia-
oms) domina ed he plank on communi y
s uc u e o he uppe ~100 m whe eas
du ing June (and July) he e o ophic o ga-
nisms we e domina ing (Figu e 6). The shi
in he phy oplank on communi y om a
sp ing-bloom o a pos -bloom communi y
was mos likely due o nu i ion limi a ion
o he phy oplank on (Paulsen & Reuss
2002). The dominance o small au o ophic
lagella es in June sugges ed eliance upon
ecycled nu i ions in he eupho ic zone. The
sp ing-bloom p o ozooplank on and he he-
e o ophic nano lagella e (HNAN) biomass
we e compa able o biomass epo ed om
Disko Bay (Nielsen & Hansen 1995), how-
e e he June pos -bloom biomasses o p o o-
zooplank on and HNAN we e lowe han
ea lie epo ed. Poulsen & Reuss (2002)
sugges ha he low June p o ozooplank on
and HNAN biomasses we e due o he ab-
sence o phy oplank on subsu ace blooms
and he associa ed dec ease in ood a aila-
bili y. The mic obial ood web mos likely
played an impo an ole in ca bon cycling
as indica ed by he la ge s anding s ocks o
p ima ily bac e io o ous HNAN especially
du ing he pos -bloom si ua ion in June. We
ha e no in o ma ion on bac e ial biomass
om his s udy. Howe e , Hansen e al.
(2003) epo he bac e ial biomass o a y
be ween 40 and 150 mg C m-3 du ing sum-
me (du ing sp ing-bloom and pos -bloom
pe iods) in Disko Bay, which is a he same
le el as he au o ophic biomass du ing he
sp ing-bloom in May. In Disko Bay, Nielsen
& Hansen (1995) ound an inc ease in bac-
e ial p oduc ion a e he phy oplank on
bloom bu no inc ease in HNAN mos p o-
bably due o g assing by plank onic cilia es.
Acco ding o Paulsen and Reuss (2002) i
seems unlikely ha he low biomass o small
au o ophic lagella es p esen ed in June
would be able o uel a bac e ioplank on
communi y la ge enough o sus ain he he e-
o ophic biomass p esen . Howe e , DOM
p oduced du ing he bloom may be he
esou ce he bac e ioplank on a e u ilizing
du ing he pos -bloom si ua ion in June,
which in u n is passed up he ood web
(Poulsen & Reuss 2002).
We ound Calanus spp. o be domina ing
he copepod biomass in all sampling pe iods.
In May and June he h ee Calanus species
we e o abou equal biomass, bu in July C.
inma chicus was domina ing. These in-
dings a e simila o indings om he Disko
Bay a ea (Nielsen & Hansen 1995, Hansen
e al. 1999, 2003).
In May he phy oplank on biomass and p o-
duc ion was able o sus ain he he e o ophic
plank on communi y bu no in June (o July)
du ing he pos -bloom si ua ion (Figu e 6).
In he la e si ua ion copepod eeding mus
ha e been supplemen ed o domina ed by
he e o ophic ood e.g. cilia es and he e o-
ophic dino lagella es (Hansen e al. 1999).
F om a s udy o mic ozooplank on g azing
o phy oplank on in he Ba en s Sea du ing
ea ly summe Ve i y e al. (2002) conclude
ha i may be ha , excep du ing he peak
o he e nal bloom, mic ozooplank on a e
a majo ood sou ce o mesozooplank on in
he Ba en s Sea, and he impo ance o op-
down in luences on communi y s uc u e
and ecosys em unc ion may be a gene al
32
Sou nia, A. 1994.
Pelagic biogeog aphy and on s. P og. Oceanog.
34: 109-120.
S o m, L. & S.A. Pede sen 2003.
De elopmen and d i o no he n sh imp la ae
(Pandalus bo ealis) a Wes G eenland. Ma ine
Biology. Publiced on-line.
Sundby, S. 2000.
Rec ui men o A lan ic cod s ocks in ela ion o
empe a u e and ad ec ion o copepod popula-
ions. Sa sia 85: 277-298.
Tu ne , J.T., H. Le insen, T.G. Nielsen & B.W.
Hansen 2001.
Zooplank on eeding ecology: G azing on phy o-
plank on and p eda ion on p o ozoans by cope-
pod and ba nacle nauplii in Disko Bay, Wes
G eenland. Ma ine Ecology P og ess Se ies 221:
209-219.
Uye, S. 1982.
Leng h-weigh ela ionships o impo an zoo-
plank on om he inland sea o Japan. Jou nal o
he Oceanog aphical Socie y o Japan 38: 149-158.
Ve i y, P.G., P. Wassmann, M.E. F ische , M.H.
Howa d-Jones & A. Allen 2002.
G azing o phy oplank on by mic ozooplank on
in he Ba en s Sea du ing ea ly summe . Jou nal o
Ma ine Sys ems, 38: 109-123.
We ne , F.E., B.R. Mackenzie, R.I. Pe y, R.G. Lough,
C.E. Naimie, B.O. Blan on & J.A. Quinlan 2001.
La al ophodynamics, u bulence, and d i on
Geo ges Bank: A sensi i i y analysis o cod and
haddock. Sci. Ma ., 65: 99115.
Wieland, K. & H. Ho gaa d 2002.
Dis ibu ion and D i o A lan ic Cod (Gadus
mo hua) Eggs and La ae in G eenland O sho e
Wa e s. J. No hw. A l. Fish. Sci. 30: 6176.

33
S a ion no.
1234 56
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 155-0 185-0 200-0 90-0 35-0
Copepoda egg sacks 6588 36890 42160 2635
eggs 34255 187086 321471 18445 42160 5270
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV
CVI-male 2635
nauplii 1318 28985 100130 15810
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV
CI 82 21 309 144 638 576
CII 144 62 82 62 185
CIII 21 103 124
CIV 21
CVI- emale 62
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV
CI 309 350 556 741 1215 1956
CII 82 185 226 309 103 782
CIII 165 165 185 82
CIV 82
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV
CI 144 124 62 638 391 226
CII 247 247 721 659 165
CIII 185 144
&DODQXV
sp. nauplii 5270 5270 31620 36890 105400 10540
0HWULGLDORQJD
CVI- emale 3953
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV
CI 5270
CV 2635
CVI- emale 5270 2635
nauplii 42160 42160
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD
CI-VI28985 31620 73780 42181 274041 7905
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV
CI 5270 21080
CII 5270
CIII 2635
CV 2635 2635
CVI- emale 5270 5270 10540 10540 21080 5270
CVI-male 10540 5270
2LWKRQD
sp. nauplii 18445 26350 36890 13175 548082 76415
2LWKRQDVSLQLURVWULV
CVI- emale 2635
2QFDHDERUHDOLV
CI-5 2635 42160 10540
CVI- emale 2635 42160
CVI-male 1318 10540 63240
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV
CVI- emale 2635
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV
CI 11858 84320 5270
CII19763 10540 21080
CIII 9223
CIV
CVI- emale 2635 5270 2635
3VHXGRFDODQXV
sp.nauplii 52700 76415 163371 181816 779963 39525
Bi al ia la ae 334646 353091 943334 21080 5291101 39525
Chae ogna ha (
(
XNURKQLDKDPDWD
)21
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV
nauplii 1318 55335 42160 150196 147561 289851
Decapoda la ae 62 185 473 62 62
Echinode ma a la ae 5270 28985 21080 10540 42160 5270
Euphausidae eggs 6588 5270 68510 7905 36890
nauplii 1318 42160 41 21080 5270
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV
2635 5270
2LNRSOHXUD
sp. 5270
Gas opoda la ae 21080 5270
Hype iidae 21
Pisces eggs 21
Polychae a la ae 31620 15810 15810 63240
Appendix
Table 1a.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, jo d and coas , May 2000 (Pump,
50µm ne ).
34
Table 1b.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 1, May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
123456
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 60-0 30-0 60-0 100-0 100-0
Copepoda egg sacks 10540 5270 10540 36890 17128
eggs 569162 42160 7905 695643 216071 61923
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV
CI 2635
CVI- emale 2635
nauplii 2635 115940 27668
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV
CI 7411 2429 3129 1441 1400 412
CII 659 165 206 206 494
CIII 1153 206 288 329
CIV 329
CV 1482 82 165
CVI- emale 3458 412 659
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV
CI 15810 2223 4735 1894 2017 2141
CII 4776 782 576 576 1153 2553
CIII 494 165 412 618 1318
CIV 1647 247 247
CV 165 41 82 247
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV
CI 5435 576 1400 782 1112 823
CII 9717 1976 906 1688 3417 4529
CIII 329 371 618 700 247
CV 659
&DODQXV
sp. nauplii 126481 13175 76415 63240 15810
0HWULGLDORQJD
CVI-male 41 1318
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV
CII 2635
CVI- emale 5270 1318
CVI-male 5270 1318
nauplii 2635
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD
CI-VI 21080 2635 5270 21080 21080 9223
nauplii 2635
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV
CI 5270 7905 31620 10540 1318
CII 3953
CIII 2635 1318
CV 5270 2635
CVI- emale 7905 10540 21080 21080 15810
CVI-male 2635 2635 10540 5270 9223
nauplii 168641 36890 5270 147561 42160 10540
2QFDHDERUHDOLV
CI-5 2635 21080 1318
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV
CVI- emale 21080
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV
CI 2635
CII 1318
CIII 1318
CVI- emale 1318
3
VHXGRFDODQXV
sp.nauplii 548082 65875 65875 548082 173911 71145
Bi al ia la ae 105400 300391 226611 779963 785233 150196
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV
nauplii 126481 7905 26350 31620 31620 54018
Decapoda la ae 82 247
Echinode ma a la ae 2635 21080
Euphausidae eggs 2635 52700 21080
nauplii 329 82 42160 6588
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV
42160 10540 2635 10540 1318
Gas opoda la ae 7905 5270 63240
Hype iidae 988 82 41 247
Os acoda (
&RQFRHFLDHOHJDQV
)329
Polychae a la ae 21080 5270 5270
35
Table 1c.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 3, May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12 34 5
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 100-0 100-0 45-0 100-0
Copepoda egg sacks 21080 10540 42160 10540 42160
eggs 126481 94860 316201 10540 484842
$
FDUWLD
spp. nauplii 10540
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV
CI 5682 2100 1029 329 371
CII 1729 659 329 679 206
CIII 576 288 41 21 1112
CIV 535
CV 329
CVI- emale 1976 206 206 659
CVI-male 82
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV
CI 9799 4076 3953 2964 1647
CII 2059 1976 906 391 329
CIII 2635 618 700 309 1276
CIV 659 247 288
CV 165
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV
CI 5188 329 1276 226 329
CII 7246 1359 1647 62 782
CIII 2223 371 988 3088
CV 82 165 1318
&DODQXV
sp.nauplii 274041 63240 63240 52700 21080
(XFKDHWDQRUYHJLD
CIII 21080
CVI- emale 21080
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV
CI 42160
CII 21080
CIII 21080
CIV 21080
CV 21080
CVI- emale 10540 21080 21080
nauplii 21080
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD
CI-VI21080 63240 21080 42160
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV
CI 10540
CII 10540
CV 21080
CVI- emale 21080 10540 84320 10540 21080
CVI-male 10540 21080
nauplii 189721 42160 105400 84320
3
VHXGRFDODQXV
spp. CV 10540 10540
CVI- emale 21080 21080
nauplii 653483 179181 252961 305661 210801
Bi al ia la ae 21080 1960448 642943 3014452
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV
nauplii 10540 21080 21080
Echinode ma a la ae 10540 10540
Euphausidae eggs 10540 42160 316201
nauplii 105400 21080
la ae 329
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV
21080 21080
Hype iidae 329
Polychae a la ae 21080 21080 10540
36
Table 1d.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, Da is S ai , May 2000 (Pump,
50µm ne ).
S a ion no.
D1 D2
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 100-0
Copepoda egg sacks 21080 21080
eggs 189721 274041
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 6135 9717
CII 988 6258
CIII 288 823
CIV 329
CV 165
CVI- emale 1359 494
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 9017 22727
CII 2347 5105
CIII 329 1482
CIV 988
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 1318 6423
CII 1441 10211
CIII 1688 2141
CV 371 165
CVI- emale 41
&DODQXV sp. nauplii 147561 316201
0HWULGLDORQJD CVI- emale 21080
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CIII 21080 21080
CVI- emale 21080
nauplii 42160
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 21080
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 21080 42160
CIII 21080
2LWKRQD sp. nauplii 84320 84320
2LWKRQDVSLQLURVWULV CVI- emale 21080
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-5 21080
3VHXGRFDODQXV spp. nauplii 316201 1117244
6FROHFLWKULFHOOD sp. CVI- emale 21080
Bi al ia la ae 42160 63240
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV 21080
Euphausidae nauplii 21080
la ae 63240
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV 42160 21080
Hyd omedusae 329
Os acoda 329
37
Table 1e.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 2, June 1999 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 100-0 100-0 40-0 200-0
Copepoda egg sacks 4527 1358 2264 566
eggs 11771 2716 3169 1585 2264
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 3622 6338 4980 792 6791
CII 4527 905 2716 1471 15393
CIII 4527 4074 5433 1924 12223
CIV 1811 3169 3169 1471 2716
CV 905 905 4980 340
CVI- emale 453
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 2716 4527 2716 226 14940
CII 3622 4074 5433 340 5433
CIII 13582 7696 9960 113
CIV 6338 3622 4527
CV 1811 1358 226 453
CVI-male 905
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 1811 905 1811 2264
CII 4527 2716 6791
CIII 8149 1811 2264
CIV 905 4527 5885
CV 453
&DODQXV sp. nauplii 21731 6791 6791 1358 30332
(XFDODQXVHORQJDWXV CV 905
0HWULGLDORQJD CIII 905
CVI- emale 905
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CII 453
CIII 453
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 9960 8149 12676 2716 8149
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 905 905 1471 2264
CII 6338 905 3169 2264 6338
CIII 3622 2264 1811 905 8602
CIV 5433 1811 453 679 5885
CV 453 905 1245 5433
CVI- emale 1811 1811 453 2037 4074
CVI-male 905 905 1811 1019 6791
2LWKRQD sp. nauplii 176561 15393 10413 15506 5433
2LWKRQDVSLQLURVWULV CVI- emale 905
CVI-male 453
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-5 12676 6791 3169 13582
CVI- emale 1811 453 4074
CVI-male 1811
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-5 679
3OHXURPDPPDUREXVWD CIII 453
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV CI 4980
CII 905
CV 453 226
CVI- emale 113
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV CV 905 453
CVI- emale 905 905 453
3VHXGRFDODQXV sp.nauplii 453 5885

38
Table 1 .
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 3, June 1999 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 100-0 100-0 40-0 200-0
Bi al ia la ae 73341 40292 53421 1471 4074
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV 5433 3622 1358
Echinode ma a la ae 35312 9054 7244 679 4527
Euphausidae eggs 905
la ae 905 453
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV 2716 1358 3622
2LNRSOHXUD sp. ail 29879 15845 4527 792 3622
Gas opoda la ae 32596 11318 6791 340 5433
Hyd omedusae 57 453 57 28
Hype iidae 1811 453
Os acoda (&RQFRHFLDREWXVDWD )905
Polychae a la ae 6338 3169 2716 905
Table 1e (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 2, June 1999 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 200-0 100-0 45-0 200-0
Copepoda eggs 398396 554130 35765 6055 12563
nauplii 557752 554131 82395 24446 17656
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV CIV 4
CV 14 14
CVI- emale 14 14
CVI-male 11 14
$FDUWLD sp. CI 156 11 4 7
CII 99 4 11 4
CIII 42 18 28 11
CIV 42 25 18 14
CV 14 7 18
CVI- emale 28 21 21
CVI-male 14 7 14 4
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 24447 16298 5206 1188 3622
CII 6338 28974 13129 5999 9054
CIII 2264 18562 13808 8432 16298
CIV 2264 11771 10865 2547 10865
CV 2264 4980 2490 509 2716
CVI- emale 453 453 453 57
damaged 4527 170
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 5433 57
CII 7244 905
CIII 1811 1811 679
CIV 905 4980 1132 1188 2264
CV 453 1358 2037 566 2264
Con inued.....
39
Table 1 (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 3, June 1999 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 6791
CII 1811
CIII 2716 2264 57 453
CIV 453 2264 1358
CV 453 226
damaged 3169
(XFKDHWDQRUYHJLD CIV 905
0HWULGLD sp. CI 57 453
CV 1811 453
CVI- emale 1358 453
0LFURFDODQXV sp. CI 1358 226
CII 453 905 226
CIII 1358 905 226
CIV 905 453 905
CV 905 1358
CVI- emale 2716 3622 1132 4074
damaged 905
0LFURVHWHOOD sp. CI 453
CIV 1811 1811 905 1358
CV 23089 3169 2490 113 9960
CVI- emale 10413 905 3678 20372
CVI-male 4980 226 905
damaged 1358 679 113
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 14487 15393 6791 2547 14034
CII 9507 13129 6338 1471 14940
CIII 6791 17203 7017 1075 9054
CIV 4074 11318 8149 1245 8602
CV 15393 15845 8375 2207 19467
CVI- emale 3622 13582 453 57 453
CVI-male 23541 4301 1302 17656
damaged 2264 16751 3622 679 1358
2QFDHD sp. CI 1358
CII 9507 57
CIII 5433 905
CIV 11318 1358 1811 57
CV 10413 905 1358 1811
CVI- emale 453 1811 57 905
CVI-male 1358 6338 1132 57 1358
damaged 905 1811 226 57
3VHXGRFDODQXV spp. CI 4980 3622 1585 170 1811
CII 4074 2716 1358 113 1811
CIII 1811 3622 1132 396 3169
CIV 1811 453 113 1358
CV 453 453 226 226 2716
CVI- emale 453 170
damaged 453 453 57
6FROHFLWKULFHOOD sp. CVI- emale 453
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 200-0 100-0 45-0 200-0
Con inued.....
40
Table 1 (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 3, June 1999 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 200-0 100-0 45-0 200-0
Appendicula ia 48894 37123 2264 255 226
Bi al ia la ae 224549 16751 13016 1938 22862
Chae ogna ha 453 113
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV 16298 7696 679 141 792
Cnida ia 1811 85
Echinode ma a la ae 18109 6791 2037 85 453
Euphausidae la ae 21731 2717 283 113
Fo amini e a 105031 453 679 226
Gas opoda la ae 105031 34859 1245 141 566
Hype iidae 14 113
In e eb a a la ae 3622 113 453
Polychae a la ae 16298 6338 2830 71 2490
5K QFKRFSLOLGLXP 14
Siphonopho a 905
Gas opoda (Thecosoma a) 453 3282
Uniden i ied in e eb a es 1811 28
41
Table 1g.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 1, July 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 75-0 35-0 200-0 100-0
Copepoda egg sacks 15905 22132 4497 21814 14295
eggs 3976 20657 12206 14115 3899
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV CI 1475
CII 738
CVI- emale 321
nauplii 2566
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 663 4426 6416 650
CII 3976 8853 1285 12832 650
CIII 5964 11066 5133 2599
CIV 5302 8853 13474 5848
CV 9278 5164 642 14757 3899
CVI- emale 1325 642
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 663 1925
CII 663
CIII 1988 2213 642 650
CIV 1325 642 2599
CV 1325 5774 2599
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 650
CII 642
CIII 1988 1283
CIV 1325 738 7058 3249
CV 738 1283
&DODQXV sp.nauplii 12591 11066 1927 5774 650
&HQWURSDJHVKDPDWXV nauplii 642
0HWULGLDORQJD CIII 650
CVI- emale 663
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CI 1283
CIII 1283
CVI- emale 5133
CVI-male 1283
nauplii 1325
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 9278 28772 7067 10266 33789
nauplii 738 6424 10266 31190
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 13254 14755 16703 14115 10397
CII 19881 14755 7709 7699 9097
CIII 10603 8853 2570 6416 6498
CIV 13254 5902 5782 6416 12996
CV 38436 16230 10279 14115 11696
CVI- emale 21206 11804 8351 11549 12996
CVI-male 2651 4426 1285 1283 2599
nauplii 249171 156402 71309 137301 72777
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CVI- emale 1325 2951 1285 3850 1949
CVI-male 5964 3689 1927 6416 2599
CI-5 1988 738 1285 6416
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV CI 663 642
CIII 1325
CIV 1325 1283 1300
CV 663 1475 3208 1300
CVI- emale 650
CVI-male 642
Con inued.....
48
Table 1k (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 5, July 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV CVI-male 683
CI 1397 331
CII 629
CIV 629
CV 301
CVI- emale 659
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV CI 1397 1025 659
CII 683 659
CIII 342
CIV 629 1397
CV 1886 4192 1025 301
3VHXGRFDODQXV sp.nauplii 4401 1397 683 3954 301
6FROHFLWKULFHOOD sp. CVI- emale 659
S a ion no.
123456
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 155-0 185-0 200-0 90-0 35-0
S a ion no.
123456
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 200-0 155-0 185-0 200-0 90-0 35-0
$JODQWKDGLJLWDOH 21
Amphipoda 21
Bi al ia la ae 13833 18165 36218 1318 2979 15648
Chae ogna ha (6DJLWWD sp.) 330
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV 5030 1397 342 1318 2648 40473
Decapoda la ae 21
Echinode ma a la ae 5659 32138 2733 1977 993 301
Euphausidae eggs 2515 1397 659 903
la ae 1258 2795 342
Gas opoda la ae 71678 67070 2392 1324 3310
P e opoda (/LPDFLQD sp.) 44 1367 659 703
Hyd omedusae 629 1397 662
Hyd ozoa ac inula 1397 903
Isopoda 342
2LNRSOHXUD sp. 1258 1397 683 1977 1986
Polychae ala ae 9431 11178 1708 1977 1204
Ro a o ia 3912
P o ozoa (Tin innidae) 1886 659 662 903

49
Table 1l.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 6, July 2000 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 100-0 100-0 40-0 50-0
Copepoda egg sacks 7244 6338 13129 14487
eggs 3622 28974 3622
nauplii 5433
spe ma o 23541
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV CIII 453
CVI- emale 3622
nauplii 905 3622
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 453 2264 1811
CII 905 1811 1358 1811
CIII 4527 2716 1811 1811
CIV 3622 4074 1811
CV 13582 4074 1811 3622 10865
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 453 453
CII 905 905 453
CIII 2716 2716 453
CIV 1811 905 905 1811 1811
CV 3622 2264 4980 1811 3622
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CV 1811
&DODQXV sp.nauplii 7244
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CI 905
CV 453
nauplii 2264 3622
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 9054 10413 6791 14487 9054
nauplii 8602
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 8149 4527 12223 3622 5433
CII 16298 6338 10865 10865 5433
CIII 13582 4074 11318 5433 7244
CIV 17203 7244 15393 3622 3622
CV 18109 11318 20825 9054 5433
CVI- emale 4527 9960 11771 18109 12676
CVI-male 1811 1811 1358 1811
2LWKRQD sp. nauplii 149398 78773 51157 170223 81490
2LWKRQDVSLQLURVWULV CVI- emale 2716
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-5 4527 905 1811
CVI-male 905
3OHXURPDPPDUREXVWD CI 1811
3VHXGRFDODQXV spp. CI 453 3622 3622
CII 905 5433
CIII 1811 5433
CIV 5433 7244
CV 1811 905 7244 3622
CVI- emale 905 10865
CVI-male 453
nauplii 2716 16298 12676
Appendicula ia 2264 5433
Bi al ia la ae 6338 24900 15845 153925 251713
Chae ogna ha ((XNURKQLDKDPDWD )28
28
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV la ae 4527 453 1811
nauplii 1358 39839 9054
Con inued.....
50
Decapoda la ae 1811
Echinode ma a la ae 8149 2264 1811
Euphausidae la ae 2716
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV 905 2264 7244 10865
2LNRSOHXUD sp. 3622 8602 4980 12676 14487
Gas opoda la ae 44367 21731 10865 43461 18109
/LPDFLQDKHOLFLQD 113 1811
Hyd omedusae 905 905
Mysidacea 1811
Polychae a la ae 1811 2264 453
Scyphomedusae 905
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 100-0 100-0 40-0 50-0
Table 1l (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-2) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 6, July 2000 (WP2, 50µm
ne ).
51
Table 2a.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions, jo d and coas , May 2000 (Pump,
50µm ne ).
S a ion no.
1234
56
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60
Copepoda egg sacks 218 492 901 14 109 41 14 102 41 92 82 55 410
eggs 1584 519 2622 833 1625 2704 1147 2622 1147 533 594 150 133 1557 41
Aca ia longi emis CI 82
CVI- emale 55 14 27 55
CVI-male
nauplii 164 82 109 205 737 218 1475 819 137 82 300 109 82
Calanus inma chicus CI 1 3 1 1 4 1 36333719
CII 1 3 3 1 2 7 3 6
CIII 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 3
CIV
CV 1 2
CVI- emale 1
CVI-male 1
Calanus glacialis CI 755111079584661251145
CII 199 4 16333 23312
CIII 1 3 6 4 1 1 1 1 3
CIV 1
CV 1
CVI- emale 1
Calanus hype bo eus CI 375 233952 431219
CII 1 3 22 2 3 1 4 12 7 12 3 12 9
CIII 121 614311
Calanus sp. nauplii 191 82 573 41 68 246 137 382 205 150 123 55 102 246 109 82
Me idia longa. CV 2
CVI- emale 1 3 164
Mic ocalanus pusillus CI
CV
CVI- emale 55 41 14
nauplii 27 20 41 492 382 205 82 51 246 82
Mic ose ella no egica CI-VI 1338 737 3113 89 68 410 601 710 451 218 225 246 451 1147 27 328 328
CI-VI
Oi hona similis CI 7 27
CII 14 14 20
CIII 55 27 14
CIV 27 20 82 27
CV 27 82 27 27 14 27 31 246
CVI- emale 137 218 655 14 82 27 164 82 41 20 96 41 410 109 164
CVI-male 55 218 737 27 27 14
52
Table 2a (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m ) a sampling s a ions, jo d and coas , May 2000 (Pump,
50µm ne ).
S a ion no.
1234
56
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60
Oi hona sp.nauplii 137 61 246 1311 82 655 369 266 451 461 2212 696 382 655
Oi hona spini os. CVI- emale
Oncaea bo ealis CI-V 137 328 82 218 41 14 61 297 164
CVI- emale 20 410
CVI-male 1274155154 328 27 55
Pseudocalanus elonga us CVI- emale
Pseudocalanus minu us CI 246 628 492 27 82 205 82 328 55
CII 819 1038 2785 82 41 55 31 246 82
CIII 82 20 27
CIV 55 355 246 27
CV 27 27 82 14
CVI- emale 27 82 41 27 246 82
CVI-male 1 82
Pseudocalanus sp.nauplii 1420 983 1720 533 1720 3113 1994 1912 1475 1147 1086 1283 1352 3605 806 546 328
S a ion no.
1234
56
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60 30-0 60-30 100-60
Bi al ia la ae 2048 10623 10241 676 983 11224 5134 9722 3932 2581 4875 2294 860 9995 2198 6882 5079
Chae ogna ha (Euk ohnia hama a )10 2
Ci ipedia cip is nauplii2782259 1393 683 109 1024 396 533 314 236 164 1898 7155 3236
Decapoda la ae 4 2 1 1 5 2 5 2 3 2 1 2 5 3
Echinode ma a la ae 164 300 328 171 314 492 164 492 492 109 102 137 51 328 96 82
Euphausidae eggs 218 137 82 48 96 164 191 164 82 150 82 109 41 273 164
nauplii 191 55 164 164 218 164 164 102 27
la ae 11 1
F i illa ia bo ealis 27 164
Gas opoda la ae 27 109
Hyd omedusae 1
Hype iidae 2 11
Oikopleu a sp. 82
Os acoda (Concoecia spin. )1
Pisces eggs 1
Polychae a la ae 27 27 7 27 573 164 109 205 96 61 68 396 492 82
P o ozoa (Tin innidae) 55 55 61 164
-3
53
Table 2b.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions,T ansec 1, May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345 6
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 50-0 100-50 200-10
0
60-0 30-0 60-0 100-0 50-0 100-0
Copepoda egg sacks 41 176 176 176 369 131 171
eggs 29362 3146 328 703 264 11594 2161 1180 619
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV CI 88
CVI- emale 88
nauplii 88 1932 262 277
%UDG LGLVLPLOLV CVI- emale 1
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 60 70 1 40 104 24 14 16 4
CII 3 15 137 2185
CIII 16 1 1 3 3 10 3
CIV 5
CV 1 2
CVI- emale 46 7 1 4 7
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 110 228 3 37 158 32 20 47 21
CII 12 9 8 131910124526
CIII 31 1 3 3 7 6 18 13
CIV 29 4 2 2
CV 1 122
CVI- emale 4
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 52 25 4 10471311 6 8
CII 56 34 1 33 30 28 34 63 45
CIII 30 6 0 6 10 7 8 2
CV 15 38
&DODQXV sp. nauplii 1049 1311 220 2547 1054 158 197
0HWULGLDORQJD CIII 1
CVI-male 0 13
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CII 41 26
CV 74 33
CVI- emale 262 49 53 13
CVI-male 16 53 13
nauplii 262 320 33 26
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 25 229
CI-VI 44 176 351 211 92
nauplii 88
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 90 88 264 527 105 13
CII 262 8 40
CIII 44 33 13
CV 262 176 33 26
CVI- emale 1049 524 16 132 351 351 211 328 158
CVI-male 262 448817653 98 92
2LWKRQD sp. nauplii 5243 2097 533 615 176 2459 422 66 105
2LWKRQDVSLQLURV CVI- emale 16
CVI-male 16
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-V 49 44 211 13
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV CVI- emale
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV CI 44
CII 13
CIII 13
CVI- emale 262 13
3
VHXGRFDODQXV sp.nauplii 22022 6816 295 1098 2196 9135 1739 950 711
Bi al ia la ae 4195 1311 33 5007 7554 12999 7852 2556 1502
Chae ogna ha (
(
XNURKQLDKDPDWD )1
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV nauplii 262 132 878 527 316 786 540
Decapoda la ae 1 1 2

54
Echinode ma a la ae 262 8 88 211
Euphausidae eggs 1049 44 878 295 211
nauplii 703 66 66
la ae 4 1 1
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV 176 88 105 98 13
Gas opoda la ae 1049 8 132 176 1054 66
Hype iidae 8 1 0 2
2LNRSOHXUD sp. 33
Os acoda (&RQFRHFLDHOHJDQV )
(XFKDHWDQRUYHJLD CIII 2
CIV 1
Polychae a la ae 16 176 262 53
P o ozoa (Tin innidae) 33
S a ion no.
123456
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 50-0 100-50 200-10
0
60-0 30-0 60-0 100-0 50-0 100-0
Table 2b (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions,T ansec 1, May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
55
Table 2c.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions, T ansec 3, May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
12345
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 50-0 100-50 50-0 100-50 50-0 100-50 45-0 50-0 100-50
Copepoda egg sacks 262 524 557 234 524 197
eggs 9438 2359 2884 3670 9438 229 234 6292 786
$FDUWLDORQJLUHPLV
CVI-male 262
nauplii
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV
CI 121 88 35 36 22 16 7 6 9
CII 41 23 6 19 5 8 15 8 1
CIII 6 31 4 16 8 1 0 15 2
CIV
CV 18 9 5
CVI- emale 96 49 12 7 1 6 17 15
CVI-male
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV
CI 188 186 57 90 34 25 66 14 6
CII 45 51 28 35 12 9 9 39 1
CIII 51 35 5 8 17 2 7 18 5
CIV 8 2 24 3
CV
CVI- emale 4
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV
CI 115 25 16 11 4 1 5 6 1
CII 158 96 20 25 15 5 1 15 4
CIII 23 33 1 15 5 14 22 18
CV 1 1 7
&DODQXV
sp.nauplii 4195 3146 6554 1049 3670 262 1171
(XFKDHWDQRUYHJLD
CIII
CVI- emale
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV
CI
CII
CIII
CIV
CV 66 197
CVI- emale 262 98 147
CVI-male 49
0LFURFDODQXVS JPDHXV
CVI- emale 33
0
LFURFDODQXV
sp. nauplii 524 262 524 262
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD
CI-VI 1049 1049 786 524 197 786 82
CI-VI 468
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV
CI 262 262 262 33
CII 234
CV 262 524 66
CVI- emale 786 262 786 524 164 234 524
CVI-male 1049 262 33 234 180
2LWKRQD
sp

nauplii 2097 3932 786 524 1049 524 1874 1049 328
2LWKRQDVSLQLURV
CVI- emale 229
2QFDHDERUHDOLV
CI-V 262 262 131
3VHXGRFDODQXVHORQJDWXV
CVI- emale
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV
CI 262
CV 234
CVI- emale 1049 262 98 524
3VHXGRFDODQXV
sp.nauplii 18876 12846 8651 3408 1573 1278 6792 3146 475
Bi al ia la ae 1573 2359 34605 4981 14288 17565 737
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV
nauplii 262 524 1311
Echinode ma a la ae 234 262
Euphausidae eggs 262 1344 5505 610
nauplii 786 524 2342 262
la ae 4
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV
1049 1049 524 468 524
Gas opoda la ae 262
Hype iidae
Polychae a la ae 234
56
Table 2d.
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions, Da is S ai , May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).
S a ion no.
D1 D2
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 200-100 100-0 200-100
Copepoda egg sacks 211 139 211 115
eggs 1897 107 2740 786
&DODQXVILQPDUFKLFXV CI 61 3 97 5
CII 10 1 63 0
CIII 3 0 8
CIV 3
CV 2 2
CVI- emale 14 1 5
&DODQXVJODFLDOLV CI 90 4 227 6
CII 23 2 51 1
CIII 3 0 15 0
CIV 10 1
CV 0
&DODQXVK SHUERUHXV CI 13 2 64 5
CII 14 102 1
CIII 17 1 21 4
CV 4 2
CVI- emale 0
&DODQXV sp. nauplii 1476 3162 66
0HWULGLDORQJD CIII 3
CIV 1
CV 66
CVI- emale 211 82
CVI-male 1
0LFURFDODQXVSXVLOOXV CII 74
CIII 211 211
CIV 66
CV 57 49
CVI- emale 123 211 16
nauplii 721 422 180
0LFURVHWHOODQRUYHJLFD CI-VI 211 164
2LWKRQDVLPLOLV CI 211 422
CII 82
CIII 211
CIV 57
CV 131
CVI- emale 74
nauplii 843 582 843 705
2LWKRQDVSLQLURV CVI- emale 211 41 82
2QFDHDERUHDOLV CI-V 211 66
3VHXGRFDODQXVPLQXWXV CVI- emale 57 66
CVI-male 41
3VHXGRFDODQXV sp.nauplii 3162 229 11172 475
6FROHFLWKULFHOOD sp. CV 49
CVI- emale 8 211
(XFKDHWDQRUYHJLD CII 5
CIII 3 37
CIV 8
Bi al ia la ae 422 188 632 66
Chae ogna ha ((XNURKQLDKDPDWD )4
G
57
&LUULSHGLDFLSULV nauplii 211 82
Cyclopoida CVI- emale 2 33
Echinode la ae 41 49
Euphausidae nauplii 632 66
la ae 211 82
)ULWLOODULDERUHDOLV 422 211
Hyd omedusae 3
Hype iidae 49
Os acoda (&RQFRHFLDHOHJDQV )4
Os acoda 2 3
S a ion no.
D1 D2
Zooplank on ca ego y S age Dep h (m) 100-0 200-100 100-0 200-100
Table 2d (con inued).
Abundance o zooplank on ca ego ies (ind. m-3) a sampling s a ions, Da is S ai , May 2000 (Pump, 50µm
ne ).