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THE LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF MAHMUD KASHGARI
Embe geno a Map uza Abdiualie na
Ac ing p o esso o he Depa men o Ka akalpak Language o he Facul y o Tu kic Languages o
Nukus S a e Pedagogical Ins i u e named a e Ajiniyaz, he Republic o Ka akalpaks an
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17703397
Abs ac . The opic o Mahmud Kashga i's li e and scien i ic he i age is de o ed o he s udy o he
scien i ic ac i i y o he g ea scien is , who played an impo an ole in he de elopmen o Tu kish
linguis ics and cul u e. Mahmud Kashga i, who li ed in he 11 h cen u y, was bo n and aised in Cen al
Asia, especially in he ci y o Kashga . His mos amous wo k, "De onul Lug'a i Tu k" is a dic iona y
o he Tu kish language, an impo an sou ce no only o linguis ics, bu also o he s udy o he cul u al
and his o ical he i age o he Tu kic peoples. Kashga i sys ema ically analyzed he ocabula y,
g amma , phone ics, and dialec s o he Tu kic language. His scien i ic ac i i y was aimed a e ealing
he connec ions be ween Tu kish languages and p ese ing he his o ical and cul u al he i age o he
Tu kish people. This a icle p o ides de ailed in o ma ion abou Kashga i's scien i ic app oach, his
me hodological iews, and his place in mode n linguis ics.
Keywo ds: Mahmud Kashga i, "De onul Lug'a i Tu k", Tu kic linguis ics, Cen al Asian
schola s, linguis ics, Tu kic language, lexicog aphy.
In oduc ion. Mahmud Kashga i was a g ea medie al Tu kish schola , linguis ,
and w i e . He li ed and wo ked in Cen al Asia in he 11 h cen u y, especially in he ci y
o Kashga . Kashga i's scien i ic he i age is no limi ed o he s udy o he Tu kic language
and i s g amma , bu is also o g ea impo ance in illumina ing he cul u e, his o ical
de elopmen , and adi ions o he Tu kic peoples. His mos amous wo k is "De onul
Lug'a i Tu k" - he c ea ion o a dic iona y o he Tu kish language, which is o
incompa able impo ance in he his o y o Tu kish linguis ics. In his wo k, Mahmud
Kashga i scien i ically analyzed he ocabula y, phone ics, syn ax, and a ious dialec s
o he Tu kish language, he eby ansmi ing he ich cul u al he i age o he Tu kish
language o u u e gene a ions.
Kashga i's scien i ic ac i i y and li e a y he i age made a g ea con ibu ion no only
o he science o linguis ics o he Tu kic people, bu also o he cul u al ies be ween
hem. S udying his wo ks helps o be e unde s and he cul u al li e o he Tu kic peoples
o ha ime, hei a i ude owa ds language and li e a u e. Kashga i was one o he mos
in luen ial scien is s o his ime, and his scien i ic he i age has no los i s signi icance o
his day.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Mahmud Kashga i, wi h his scien i ic legacy, is one o he g ea es ep esen a i es
o medie al Tu kish schola s. His wo ks a e conside ed as impo an sou ces in he s udy
o linguis ics, cul u e, and his o y o he Tu kic people. The li e a u e on Kashga i
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includes ex ensi e esea ch in he ields o Tu kish philology, his o ical linguis ics, and
cul u al s udies. The ollowing li e a u e se es as he main sou ce o s udying he li e
and scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i:
"De onul Lug'a i Tu k" is Mahmud Kashga i's mos amous wo k and is conside ed
he main sou ce o analyzing he Tu kish language and i s dialec s. The wo k p o ides
impo an in o ma ion on he ocabula y, phone ics, syn ax, and seman ics o he Tu kish
language. Kashga i also shows in his wo k he connec ion o he Tu kish language wi h
A abic, Pe sian, and o he languages. This wo k is one o he main sou ces o mode n
Tu kish linguis ics.
"Mahmud Kashga i and his wo k "De onul Lug'a i Tu k" (Kasimo , 1988) - his
scien i ic wo k is dedica ed o he analysis o Mahmud Kashga i's wo k. Ha ing s udied
Kashga i's dic iona y and i s scien i ic signi icance, he au ho p o ides in-dep h analysis
o he ichness o he Tu kic language and dialec s p esen ed in he wo k [1]. Mi zae a,
L. “The de elopmen o Cen al Asian linguis ics”, in pa icula , he scien i ic ac i i y o
Mahmud Kashga i and his con ibu ion o linguis ics a e highligh ed [2], “Mahmud
Kashga i: Li e and Scien i ic He i age”. (Ka imo , S. 2015) is p o ided abou he li e,
scien i ic ac i i y, and achie emen s o Mahmud Kashga i in he ield o linguis ics [3].
The Languages o he Tu kic People. Wiesbaden: Ha assowi z Ve lag. (Doe e , G.V.
1976). s udies he languages o he Tu kic peoples and compa es he common ea u es o
Tu kic languages, based on Mahmud Kashga i's dic iona y [4]. His o y o he Tu kic
Language. Is anbul: Tü k Dil Ku umu Yayınla ı. (Süleymano , A. 1980) aimed a
s udying he his o y o he Tu kic language h ough Mahmud Kashga i's wo k, which
analyzes Kashga i's con ibu ion o linguis ics [5].
Abou Mahmud Kashga i and his scien i ic he i age (Suyuno , T. 2008) aimed a
s udying Kashga i's scien i ic he i age, his ole in he de elopmen o he Tu kic
language, and his con ibu ion o cul u al s udies [6].
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
The s udy o he li e and scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i equi es a deep
analysis o he his o y o he Tu kic language and cul u e. His wo ks, in pa icula ,
"De onul Lug'a i Tu k", should be analyzed no only om he poin o iew o
linguis ics, bu also om his o ical, cul u al, and e hnog aphic aspec s. The esea ch
me hodology and empi ical analysis in his p ocess include wo main app oaches: he
linguis ic app oach and he cul u al app oach.
Resea ch me hodology
The ollowing me hodological app oaches a e used in he s udy o he li e and
scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i:
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His o ical-me hodological app oach:
I is impo an o s udy Kashga i's scien i ic he i age in a his o ical con ex , o
de e mine he his o ical de elopmen o he Tu kic language in his wo ks and i s ole in
his de elopmen . Wi h he help o his me hodology, i is possible o analyze how
Kashga i's dic iona y and linguis ic wo ks in luenced he science o linguis ics o ha
ime.
Vocabula y and linguis ic app oaches: The me hodology o lexicog aphy plays an
impo an ole in he s udy o Kashga i's wo k "De onul Lug'a i Tu k". Th ough his
me hod, i is possible o analyze he ocabula y, g amma , phone ics, and seman ics o
he Tu kish language. Kashga i's linguis ic app oach is s udied by iden i ying he
meanings o wo ds and ph ases, hei dialec al di e ences, synonyms and an onyms.
Compa a i e app oach: The compa a i e me hod is used in he analysis o he
in e ac ion o he Tu kic language, A abic, Pe sian, and o he Eas e n languages in
Kashga i's wo ks. Th ough his app oach, he speci ic ea u es o he Tu kish language,
i s connec ion wi h o he languages, and mu ual changes a e de e mined.
E hnog aphic and cul u al app oaches: Kashga i's wo ks e lec no only he
language, bu also he cus oms, cul u e, and li e o he Tu kic peoples. The e o e, he
s udy o his scien i ic he i age based on he me hodology o cul u al s udies is impo an
in analyzing he li e and li es yle o he Tu kic peoples. This app oach helps o unde s and
he cul u al, his o ical, and e hnog aphic meanings o he wo ds ci ed in Kashga i's
dic iona y.
Linguis ic-seman ic app oach: Analysis o Kashga i's wo ks om a linguis ic-
seman ic poin o iew allows us o s udy he con ex ual meanings, phone ic and seman ic
ea u es o his wo ds. Wi h he help o his me hodology, an in-dep h analysis o he wo ds
gi en in he wo k and hei use is ca ied ou .
Empi ical analysis: Empi ical analysis includes he p ac ical s udy o Mahmud
Kashga i's wo ks, a numbe o p ac ical s udies, and he collec ion o empi ical da a in
he analysis o his scien i ic he i age. This analysis will be ca ied ou in he ollowing
a eas:
Wo d analysis and lexicog aphy: Empi ical analysis o he ocabula y o he Tu kish
language h ough Kashga i's wo k "De onu Lugha i Tu k." In his p ocess, such aspec s
as he seman ic and syn ac ic ea u es o he wo ds gi en in Kashga i's dic iona y, how
hey a e used, synonyms and an onyms, dialec al di e ences a e de e mined. Based on
empi ical da a, he connec ion and changes o wo ds wi h mode n Tu kic languages a e
s udied.
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Analysis o dialec al di e ences: Di e en dialec s o he Tu kish language a e
p esen ed in "De onu Lugha i Tu k." Th ough empi ical analysis, he speci ic ea u es,
phone ic and mo phological di e ences o hese dialec s, as well as hei place in he
his o y o he Tu kic language, a e s udied. Th ough his app oach, he me hodological
aspec s o Kashga i's scien i ic app oach a e deeply analyzed.
Kashga i's linguis ic me hodology: Mahmud Kashga i de eloped new app oaches o
he g amma , phone ics, seman ics, and syn ax o he Tu kish language in his wo k. Wi h
he help o empi ical analysis, he e ec i eness o Kashga i's me hodology and his
con ibu ion o linguis ics a e s udied.
Cul u al and e hnog aphic analysis: h ough an empi ical app oach o he analysis o
he cul u e and adi ions o he Tu kic peoples in Kashga i's wo ks, in o ma ion abou
he li e and way o li e o he Tu kic peoples is e ealed. Th ough his analysis, he
con ibu ion o e hnog aphic elemen s e lec ed in Kashga i's wo k o mode n cul u al
s udies is s udied.
Compa a i e analysis: By compa ing wo ds and ph ases in Mahmud Kashga i's
dic iona y wi h A abic and Pe sian, he connec ions o he Tu kic language wi h o he
Eas e n languages a e s udied. This compa a i e analysis helps o unde s and he changes
in he de elopmen o he Tu kish language and i s in e ac ion wi h o he languages.
The chosen esea ch me hodology and me hods o empi ical analysis o s udying
he li e and scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i allow us o co e he dep h o
scien i ic de elopmen s, a ious aspec s o his scien i ic he i age. Combining he me hods
o linguis ics, cul u al s udies, and his o iog aphy in he analysis o Kashga i's wo ks
con ibu es o a comp ehensi e unde s anding and s udy o his scien i ic he i age.
Resul s
The esul s o s udying he li e and scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i show
ha his scien i ic ac i i y is impo an no only in linguis ics, bu also in he ield o
cul u al s udies and his o ical esea ch. Below a e he main indings on Kashga i's
scien i ic legacy and his li e: Kashga i, who made an impo an con ibu ion o he s udy
o he Tu kish language and i s ichness, deeply analyzed he ocabula y, g amma ical
and phone ic ea u es o he Tu kish language h ough his wo k "De onul Lug'a i Tu k".
Mo e han 7,000 wo ds, dialec al di e ences, synonyms, and an onyms p esen ed in he
wo k had a g ea in luence on he de elopmen o Tu kish linguis ics. Kashga i's wo k
se es as an impo an sou ce o s udying he connec ion o he Tu kic language wi h
ancien and mode n languages. He illumina ed he cul u e and his o y o he Tu kic
peoples: Kashga i no only s udied he Tu kic language, bu also e lec ed he cul u e,
cus oms, and his o ical de elopmen o he Tu kic peoples in his wo k. The wo k p o ides
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in o ma ion abou he li e, social s uc u es, and e hnog aphic cha ac e is ics o he Tu kic
peoples. This is impo an o unde s anding he his o y o he Tu kic peoples om he
poin o iew o cul u al s udies. Inno a i e app oaches in linguis ics: Kashga i
in oduced inno a i e app oaches o he me hodology o linguis ics. He analyzed he
Tu kish language and i s dialec s no only in e ms o wo ds, bu also in hei his o ical
and cul u al con ex . This app oach c ea ed new me hodological ounda ions in
linguis ics, and Kashga i's scien i ic ac i i y made a g ea con ibu ion o he science o
linguis ics.
P ese ing he Iden i y o he Tu kic Peoples: Mahmud Kashga i's wo k played an
impo an ole in p ese ing he iden i y o he Tu kic peoples and ansmi ing hei
language and cul u e o u u e gene a ions. His wo k is conside ed one o he i s majo
scien i ic e o s aimed a collec ing he common his o ical and cul u al he i age o he
Tu kic peoples.
In e na ional scien i ic connec ions and in luence: Kashga i's scien i ic legacy
con ibu ed no only o Tu kish linguis ics bu also o he s udy o i s connec ions wi h
o he Eas e n languages, pa icula ly A abic and Pe sian. In his wo k, he showed he
simila i ies and di e ences be ween he Tu kish language and o he languages, which
se ed o de elop in e na ional scien i ic ela ions in he ield o linguis ics.
The con empo a y scien i ic signi icance o Kashga i: Mahmud Kashga i's wo ks
a e s ill in aluable o Tu kish linguis ics, cul u al s udies, and his o ical linguis ic
esea ch oday. His wo k "De onul Lug'a i Tu k" con inues o be he main sou ce o
s udying he peculia i ies o he Tu kish language.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Mahmud Kashga i is a g ea schola who played an impo an ole in he
de elopmen o he Tu kish language, he s udy o i s s uc u e and ichness, as well as
he p ese a ion o he cul u al he i age o he Tu kic peoples. The wo k "De onul
Lug'a i Tu k" e lec s he sub le y and me hodological dep h o his scien i ic app oach.
Kashga i's wo ks emain an impo an sou ce in Tu kish linguis ics and cul u al s udies
o his day. The chosen esea ch me hodology and me hods o empi ical analysis o
s udying he li e and scien i ic he i age o Mahmud Kashga i allow us o co e he dep h
o scien i ic de elopmen s, a ious aspec s o his scien i ic he i age. Combining he
me hods o linguis ics, cul u al s udies, and his o iog aphy in he analysis o Kashga i's
wo ks con ibu es o a comp ehensi e unde s anding and s udy o his scien i ic he i age.
Mahmud Kashga i's scien i ic he i age, his wo k "Dīwān al-Lugha al-Tu k" and his
con ibu ion o linguis ics a e among he majo achie emen s o he Tu kic peoples in he
ields o linguis ics, cul u al s udies, and his o iog aphy. Kashga i's wo k emains an
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impo an scien i ic sou ce no only o ha pe iod, bu also o subsequen cen u ies. His
scien i ic ac i i y and me hodology con inue o s udy he de elopmen o he Tu kish
language and i s cul u al he i age o his day.
Re e ences:
1. Qosimo , A. (1988). Mahmud Koshg'a iy a uning "De onul Lug'a i Tu k" asa i. Toshken :
O'zbekis on Milliy Akademiyasi Nash iyo i.
2. Mi zae a, L. (2002). O' a Osiyo ilshunosligi a ixi. Toshken : Fan.
3. Ka imo , S. (2015). Mahmud Koshg'a iy: Hayo i a ilmiy me osi. Toshken : Sha q.
4. Doe e , G.V. (1976). The Languages o he Tu kic Peoples. Wiesbaden: Ha assowi z Ve lag.
5. Süleymano , A. (1980). Tü k Dilinin Ta ihi. Is anbul: Tü k Dil Ku umu Yayınla ı.
6. Suyuno , T. (2008). Mahmud Koshg'a iy a uning ilmiy me osi. Bishkek: Manas.
7. Si ojiddino , I. (1993). Mahmud Koshg'a iyning "De onul Lug'a i Tu k" asa idagi ling is ik
aspek la . Toshken : Fan.
8. Ku bano , F. (2011). Tu k xalqla ining e nog a iyasi a madaniy me osi. Toshken : O'zbekis on.
9. Ga u o , M. (1994). O' a Osiyo xalqla i a ula ning madaniya i. Toshken : Fan.
10. G'ulomo , A. (2010). Mahmud Koshg'a iy a uning u k ilshunosligiga qo‘shgan hissasi. Toshken :
Sha q.
