S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
1Yaseen e al. [2019]: Valida ion o C i ical
Challenges Du ing Requi emen s
Implemen a ion in Global So wa e
De elopmen wi h Empi ical S udy
Pakis an The esul s ob ained a e conduc ing a ques ionnai e su ey
o he c i ical challenges ha analys s ace du ing collec ing
equi emen s om clien s. Cu en su ey is conduc ed in
so wa e houses o Pakis an:
Lack o e ec i e and p ope way o communica ion' is c i ical
challenge ha is ag eed s ongly by maximum in all o he
challenges. Analysis o hese ac o s a e conduc ing he
ques ionnai e su ey shows ha ac o s such as “Lack o
e ec i e and p ope way o communica ion”, “Lack o
coo dina ion and collabo a ion”, “Requi emen
managemen ”, “Cul u e issue, ime zone di e ences, language
p oblem” a e iden i ied as mos c i ical in bo h li e a u e and
indus y. Lack o e ec i e communica ion p ocess di ec ly
a ec
equi emen s elici a ion p ocess."..."42% o people s ongly
ag eed ha Cul u e issue, ime zone di e ences, language
p oblems e ec elici a ion p ocess"..."37% o people s ongly
ag eed ha T us building is a g a c i ical challenge in GSD
which e ec s equi emen s elici a ion p ocess"
These a e he challenges aced by
so wa e houses o Pakis an wo king
wi h RE p ocess o GSD. No speci ic
o his cul u e:
1- Lack o p ope way o
Communica ion is a c i ical challenge.
2- Lack o coo dina ion and
collabo a ion is ano he challenge.
3- Cul u al issue, ime zone and
language issue a e also c i ical
p oblems.
Communica ion con ex ;
Coo dina ion and Collabo a ion Con ex ;
Language Issue;
Es ablish T us .
2Malik e al. [2019]: Requi emen s
Enginee ing (RE) p ocess o he adap a ion
o he Hospi al In o ma ion Sys em (HIS)
Saudi A abia The au ho s in es iga ed cul u e-speci ic beha io s when
adap ing a sys em o ano he en i onmen acco ding o RE
p ocess in Saudi A abia:
"The emale pa ien pic u e mus no be shown."; "The emale
pa ien needs he consen o he male gua dian."; "The
in o ma ion on he husband is manda o y."
1- Female pa ien s can no ha e
ea men wi hou male a endan 's
(Gua dian/Husband)
consen /in o ma ion.
Gende Seg ega ion.
3Chaudha y e al. [2020]: RES-TOOL To
O e come Requi emen s Elici a ion Ba ie s
In Pakis an So wa e Indus y
Pakis an "Iden i ica ion o equi emen s elici a ion ba ie s in Pakis an
so wa e indus y:
Clien does no wan o help
Language Ba ie s
Gende Biasness
Poo Communica ion"
1. Highes and second highes anked
ba ie a e inco ec equi emen s and
missing equi emen s espec i ely.
2. Then he nex majo ba ie is: Poo
communica ion.
3. Language ba ie and Gende
biasness seems o ha e a mode a e
impac .
4. Clien no eady o help.
Communica ion Con ex ;
Language Issue ;
Gende P e e ence;
Clien s Resis ance.
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
4Alzayed [2021]: Requi emen s Enginee ing:
An Indus ial Su ey in he Gul
Coope a ion Council Coun ies
Saudi A abia,
Uni ed A ab
Emi a es
"“Only six p ojec s (ou o 36) in he UAE used a pa icula
me hod… 83.3% …did no use a pa icula me hod.”
“88.8% o he esponden s in he UAE did no de ine he
p ojec scope.”
“A o al o six ou o 36 p ojec s eso ed o a speci ic me hod
in he KSA… 83.3% …did no use a pa icula me hod.”
“In he KSA, 66.6%… scope… was no de ined. Only 33.3%…
was de ined.”
Loose employmen o RE p ac ice UAE:
Loose employmen o RE p ac ices
Saudi A abia (KSA):
Loose employmen o RE p ac ices
5
Ude e al. [2022]: Impac o Ko ean cul u e
on he selec ion o RE elici a ion me hods
Sou h Ko ea The au ho s iden i ied In luence o cul u al aspec s on
elici a ion me hods:
"Supe io ’s In luence. This cul u al aspec a ec s he choice
o me hods, especially when he me hods equi e he
collabo a ion o people."
"De e ence o Elde ly and Supe io s. The in luence o his
ac o is mainly ela ed o elici a ion me hods whe e younge
and olde o supe io s and subo dina es coope a e oge he "
"Gapjil. This ac o in luences he connec ion be ween
supe io and subo dina e"
"Hones y and Openness o one’s own Mind. This aspec
indica es ha clien s o en ha e p oblems exp essing hei own
opinion"
"G oup Beha iou . This aspec implies ha pe sons wi hin a
g oup hold he same opinion."
"Gende Role. This aspec has he po en ial o a ec all
me hods whe e people communica e di ec ly wi h each o he ."
"Pali Pali. Pali pali desc ibes he p e e ence o speed o e
comple eness"
"Rela ionship and T us . T us in he equi emen s enginee is
especially impo an o in e iews and ocus g oups."
"Language. Me hods ha suppo asynch onous
communica ion a e p e e ed, because hey enable he weake
pa y o conside wha has been said."
1- Supe io /Manage s in luence p ocess
o collabo a e people;
2- De e ence be ween people;
3- Supe io decision aking;
4- Hones y and Openness;
5- Decision h ough collabo a ion;
6- Gende biases;
7- Sho cu o esul s;
8- Rela ionship and us building;
9- Language o communica e.
Manage ’s In luence;
De e ence;
Cen alised decision making (Gapjil);
Hones y and Openness;
Collabo a i e decision making;
Gende p e e ance;
Ta ge ing quick esul s/Pali Pali;
Building Rela ionship;
Es ablishing T us ;
Language issue.
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
6Khan e al. [2022] Cul u al In luence On
Requi emen Enginee ing P ocess And
P ac ices; A Pakis ani Pe spec i e
Pakis an "As pe esul in e p e a ion esea ch show ha de elope s in
Pakis an ag ee on wha is decided by uppe managemen .
They accep uppe managemen o de s wi hou asking any
ques ions. Ou indings also show he wo s e ec o PDI in
he con ex o equi emen elici a ion p ocess, ha he clien s
doesn’ wan o coope a i ely discuss he main s aple o
business"
"Tha indica e ha he e is s ong e ec o PDI on RE
ac i i ies in he con ex o Pakis ani Cul u e"
"This ace o ace me hod allows so wa e enginee s o c ea e
us and ce ain le el o an emo ional ela ionship wi h
clien ,"
"I is conside able ha his dimension(IND) has a huge impac
on RE ac i i ies a he han o he dimensions. "
"Resea ch shows ha Pakis ani Clien espec and accep he
ecommenda ion and sugges ion o he expe s no because
hey a e specialis s in he ield, bu because hese
ecommenda ions a e essen ial and aluable in e m o a oid
unce ain p oblema ic si ua ion"
"As pe boxplo in e p e a ion ou esul shows ha
he e is g ea e ec o MAS on RE ac i i ies in he con ex o
Pakis ani cul u e."
"Ou indings show ha in Pakis ani Cul u e he sha e o
emales wo king in so wa e indus y is e y low."
"Resul s also explo e ha he de elope s a e willing o wo k
independen ly a he han as a subo dina e membe ."
1- PDI ac o s iden i ied and has s ong
e ec on RE ac i i ies on Pakis ani
cul u e.
2- IND ac o s iden i ied whe e ace o
ace me hod plays an impo an ole,
and has huge e ec on RE ac i i ies on
Pakis ani cul u e.
3- UAI has conside able e ec on RE.
4-MAS has g ea e ec on RE.
Manage ’s in luence;
Es ablish us ;
Building Rela ionship;
De e ence;
Subo dina e A oid aking isk;
Gende p e e ence.
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
7 Alsanoosy e al. [2019a]: Cul u al
in luence on equi emen s enginee ing
ac i i ies: Aus alian p ac i ione s' iew
Aus alia "Table 2 summa ises he cul u al cha ac e is ics and
hei impac on RE ac i i ies"
"Hidden agenda"
"Resis ance o accep ing changes"
"Manage s’ in luence"
"Solu ion- ocused equi emen s"
"Aus alian English"
"Sol ing con lic s by comp omising"
"Es ablish us "
"Recogni ion o unce ain y"
"Openness and Hones y"
"Taking owne ship and esponsibili y"
"Collabo a i e engagemen "
"Loose employmen o RE p ac ices"
"Ta ge ing quick esul s"
Hidden Agenda
Resis ance o change
Manage s’ in luence
Solu ion- ocused equi emen s
Language (Aus alian English)
Sol ing con lic s by comp omising
Es ablish us
Recogni ion o unce ain y
Openness and Hones y
Taking owne ship and
esponsibili y
Collabo a i e engagemen
Loose employmen o RE p ac ices
Ta ge ing quick esul s
Hidden Agenda;
Clien s' Resis ance;
Manage s’ in luence;
Solu ion- ocused equi emen s;
Language;
Sol ing con lic s by comp omising;
Es ablish us ;
Openness and Hones y;
Recogni ion o unce ain y;
Taking owne ship and esponsibili y;
Collabo a i e Decision-making;
Loose employmen o RE p ac ices;
Ta ge ing quick esul s.
8 Liu e al. [2009]: Unde s anding
chinese cha ac e is ics o equi emen s
enginee ing
China
"The esul s show ha when employees’ opinion
con on s wi h hei boss’s, mos employees will
obey hei boss e en hey know he boss may ha e
made a mis ake"
"The e o e we can d aw a conclusion ha mos
people a e willing o communica e di ec ly wi h he
leade s in o de o ge exac and de e mina i e
messages"
"To con i m wi h he boss and poin ou he
un easonable equi emen s. Howe e , i he boss
insis s, jus do as he/she asked."
"We need o es ablish good and long- e m
pe sonal ela ionship wi h hem."
"...people usually a oid con lic s and unce ain ies,
and hey end o use gen le and indi ec me hods
o deal wi h con lic "
The boss/manage has in luence
o e he employees;
Decision making p ocess is
cen alised.
De e ence be ween senio and
junio s.
Es ablishing us and Building
ela ionship is impo an .
Con lic s a e esol ed using
a ou i ism.
Manage s’ in luence;
Cen alised decision-making ;
De e ence ;
Es ablish us ;
Sol ing con lic s by a ou i ism ;
Building ela ionships.
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
9 Alsanoosy e al. [2019b]: A De ailed
Analysis o he In luence o Saudi
A abia Cul u e on he Requi emen
Enginee ing P ocess
Saudi A abia "While analyzing he collec ed da a, we iden i ied
10cul u al aspec s in luencing he RE p ac ices:
1. De e ence o elde ly people and o high au ho i- ies;
2. Au oc a ic decision-making;
3. Limi ed us ;
4. Belie in expe ise;
5. Rela ionships;
6. Empa hy wi h clien ;
7. Le ing he s onges win;
8. Gende seg ega ion;
9. D ess code; and
10. Using English o equi emen s documen a ion."
De e ence o senio and junio .
Decision making is cen alised.
T us es ablishmen is impo an .
To a oid unce ain y expe
opinion is aken.
To gain us , building ela ionship
is impo an .
To keep he clien happy, empa hy
wi h use s is impo an .
Con lic s a e esol ed by op
manage s.
Gende Seg ega ion.
D ess code.
Language issue.
De e ence;
Cen alized Decision-Making;
Es ablish us ;
A oiding Unce ain y;
Building Rela ionships;
Empa hy wi h use s;
Sol ing con lic s by a ou i ism;
Gende Seg ega ion;
D ess code;
Language.
10 Hanisch e al [2001].: EXPLORING
THE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL
IMPACTS ON THE
REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING
PROCESSES – HIGHLIGHTING
SOME PROBLEMS CHALLENGING
VIRTUAL TEAM RELATIONSHIPS
WITH CLIENTS
Thailand "Ques ions a e ha dly asked because o he ea ha he
ques ion would be seen as a c i icism o he
chai pe son"
"As a esul delega ion o esponsibili y and
decision-making mo ed upwa ds o poin s o highes
ank, a he han being delega ed down o lowe
anks."
"Thais end o lea e ha ing o med iendship,
knowing each o he , and some imes building up
hei ela ionships."
"Face- o- ace in e ac ion enables he sys ems
de elope s o show espec and gain us o he
clien s, while elec onic communica ion media
dec eases he ich communica ion and social
in e ac ion."
De e ence o senio and junio .
Decision making is cen alised.
Rela ionship buildup is impo an .
Es ablish us wi h clien s is i al.
De e ence;
Cen alised decision-making ;
Building a ela ionship ;
Es ablish us .
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
11 Thanasanki e al. [2002]:
Requi emen s enginee ing – explo ing
he in lu-ence o powe and Thai
alues.
Thailand "Decision-making is he domain o high-le el
managemen ."
"i use s wan o change, I ha e o do i o hem any
way, because we we e employed by hem and basically
hey we e my supe io s."
"SA 1: I was a aid o gi ing hem ad ice. I jus sa
he e and w o e down he equi emen s."
"Thais a oid aking on mo e esponsibili y anda oid
aking isks, because isk means b inging on
mo eunce ain y si ua ions and inc easing hei
esponsi-bili ies."
"Con lic ingwi h supe io s o clien s may ansla e as
no sa ing o espec ing hei ace."
Decision making is cen alised.
The boss/manage has in luence
o e he employees.
De e ence o senio and junio .
Subo dina e don’ isk aking
decisions o a oid blame la e .
Junio s a oid con lic wi h senio s
o sa ing hei aces.
Cen alised decision-making
Manage s’ in luence
De e ence
Subo dina e a oid aking esponsibili y
A oiding con lic
12 Thanasanki and Co bi [2000]:
Cul u al con ex and i s impac on
equi emen s elici a ion in Thailand
Thailand "Howe e , young sys ems analys s end eel mo e
in imida ed du ing he elici a ion mee ing. They wan o
a oid being seen o be w ong o being seen o no
comple ely unde s and sys ems. Signi ican ly hey do no
wan o c ea e a si ua ion whe e any con lic migh
a ise."
"Thai sys ems analys s s ill ha e o change he
equi emen s and ga he mo e o p ese e good will and
p ese e hei ela ionship wi h he clien s."
"Employees esis ance in using he new in o ma ion
sys em will lead o unwilling o pa icipa e du ing
elici a ion"
"Mos o he Thai sys ems analys s end o use p e ious
p ojec s as hei base o cu en p ojec s..."
Junio s a oid con lic wi h senio s
o sa ing hei aces.
Main aining social ela ionship will
help o elici equi emen s be e .
Clien unwilling o pa icipa e in
elici a ion p ocess.
Relying on p e ious documen s o
ongoing p ojec .
A oiding con lic
Building a ela ionship;
Clien s’ esis ance;
Relying on p e ious p ojec s.
13 Thanasanki and Co bi [2002]:
Unde s anding Thai cul u e and i s
impac on equi emen s enginee ing
p ocess managemen du ing
in o ma ionsys ems de elopmen
Thailand "Decision-making is made by high-le el managemen "
"Thais a oid aking on mo e esponsibili y and a oid
aking isks"
Decision making is cen alised.
Subo dina e don’ isk aking
decisions o a oid blame la e .
Cen alised decision-making
Subo dina e a oid aking esponsibili y
S udy S udy i le Coun ies co e ed Raw Da a Label Code
14 Alsanoosy e al. [2020b]: Does ou
cul u e in luence equi emen s
enginee ing ac i i ies? Vie namese
p ac i ione s iew
Vie nam "Table I summa ises he esul s o he ques ionnai es
con-duc ed wi h Vie namese p ac i ione s"
"Building ela ionships"
"Openness and Hones y"
"De e ence"
"Manage s’ in luence"
"Recogni ion o unce ain y"
"Subo dina e a oid aking isks"
"Cen alised decision-making"
"Es ablish us "
"Sol ing con lic s by a ou i ism"
"Sol ing con lic s by comp omising"
"Collabo a i e decision-making"
"Hidden agenda"
"Clien s’ esis ance"
"Relying on p e ious p ojec s"
"Take esponsibili y"
"Aiming o quick esul s"
Same label Building Rela ionships;
Openness and Hones y;
De e ence;
Manage s In luence;
Recogni ion o Unce ain y;
Subo dina es a oid aking isks;
Cen alised decision making;
Es ablishing T us ;
Sol ing con lic s by a ou i ism;
Sol ing con lic s by comp omising;
Collabo a i e decision-making;
Hidden agenda;
Clien s' Resis ance;
Relying on p e ious p ojec s;
Take Responsibili y;
Ta ge ing quick esul s.
15 Muzammel e al. [2025]: Cul u al
Impac on Requi emen s Enginee ing
Ac i i ies: Bangladeshi P ac i ione s’
View
Bangladesh "Table II p o ides an o e iew o he esul s o ou
s udy."
"Cen alised decision-making"
"Communica ion con ex "
"Manage s’ in luence"
"Clien s’ esis ance"
"Coo dina ion and collabo a ion/Teamwo k"
"Aiming o quick esul s"
"De e ence"
"Es ablish us "
"Punc uali y"
"Language/Accen "
"Sol ing con lic s by a o i ism"
"Employees’ a i ude"
"Subo dina e a oid aking isks"
"Gende p e e ence"
"Loose employmen o RE p ac ice"
"Building ela ionships"
"Relying on p e ious p ojec s"
"A oiding con lic s"
Same label Cen alised decision-making
Communica ion con ex
Manage s’ in luence
Clien s’ esis ance
Coo dina ion and collabo a ion/Teamwo k
Aiming o quick esul s
De e ence
Es ablish us
Punc uali y
Language/Accen
Sol ing con lic s by a o i ism
Employees’ a i ude
Subo dina e a oid aking isks
Gende p e e ence
Loose employmen o RE p ac ice
Building ela ionships
Relying on p e ious p ojec s
A oiding con lic s
