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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17708632
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ISRG PUBLISHERS
Abb e ia ed Key Ti le: ISRG J A s Humani Soc Sci
ISSN: 2583-7672 (Online)
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Volume – III Issue -VI (No embe -Decembe ) 2025
F equency: Bimon hly
METHODS OF MEASURING AND EVALUATION OF WRITING SKILLS
Sema Mehdi Hikme
Nakhchi an S a e Uni e si y, Tu kan Ismayilli Meh aj, Nakhchi an S a e Uni e si y, Doc o o Philosophy in
Philology h ps://o cid.o g/0009-0009-1687-6203
| Recei ed: 07.11.2025 | Accep ed: 11.11.2025 | Published: 25.11.2025
*Co esponding au ho : Sema Mehdi Hikme
Nakhchi an S a e Uni e si y, Tu kan Ismayilli Meh aj, Nakhchi an S a e Uni e si y, Doc o o Philosophy in
Philology
In oduc ion
W i ing is an ac i i y ha akes place in line wi h he pu pose.
W i ing in a o eign language is a skill ha needs o be de eloped
s a ing om he beginne le el. Na u ally, a luen w i ing ac i i y
wi h in e nal consis ency canno be ca ied ou a he beginne
le el. The wo k o each p o iciency in w i ing skills usually
ollows a p ocess ha goes om simple ac i i ies o mo e complex
ac i i ies. Beginne le el w i ing ac i i ies include w i ing wo ds
co ec ly, using spelling ules co ec ly o c ea e meaning, using
wo ds app op ia e o he con ex and being able o a ange wo ds,
and using connec i e elemen s co ec ly o ensu e luency.
Abs ac
W i ing is a complex p oduc i e skill ha de elops p og essi ely om simple o ad anced le els. The e alua ion o w i ing skills in
a o eign language equi es sys ema ic and eliable me hods ha balance accu acy, c ea i i y, and communica i e pu pose. This
s udy examines majo app oaches and echniques used o measu e and e alua e w i ing p o iciency, ocusing on imi a i e,
con olled, and pic u e-based w i ing ac i i ies. I emphasizes ha assessmen should no ely solely on mechanical accu acy such
as spelling and punc ua ion, bu also on con ex ual cohe ence, cul u al app op ia eness, and pu pose-o ien ed w i ing. The pape
discusses challenges ela ed o subjec i i y and eliabili y in e alua ion and highligh s he need o s anda dized sco ing c i e ia o
ensu e ai ness. Fu he mo e, i a gues ha au hen ic, eal-li e w i ing asks—such as pic u e desc ip ion and sequence
ac i i ies—p o ide mo e alid and c ea i e ways o assess lea ne s’ w i ing compe ence. Ul ima ely, he s udy unde sco es he
impo ance o in eg a ing alidi y, eliabili y, and au hen ici y in w i ing assessmen o accu a ely e lec lea ne s’ ue
communica i e abili y.
Keywo ds: W i ing skills, assessmen , e alua ion me hods, imi a i e w i ing, con olled w i ing
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P o iciency in w i ing skills includes knowing he ules o w i en
language, es ablishing connec ions be ween e en s, c ea ing he
main idea, gene alizing and exempli ying, c ea ing supe icial and
deep meaning, using cul u e-speci ic e e ences co ec ly and
w i ing app op ia ely o he a ge eade and pu pose (Lan ol ,
2004). Success in w i ing skills does no go hand in hand wi h he
de ini ion o „p o iciency in language‟.
The decisions on p o iciency in w i ing skills depend on e y
ca e ully es ablished c i e ia. As a subjec i e p ocess, di ec
e alua ion o w i en p oduc s makes i di icul o p o ide a
measu e o applicabili y. Since he di e ences in e alua ion c i e ia
a ec p o iciency decisions, he eliabili y c i e ion can also be
con o e sial. “Since he expe iences and educa ion o hose who
e alua e w i ing skills a e di e en , hey should use common
sco ing c i e ia ins ead o making e alua ions based on hei own
subjec i e expe iences.” (Ismayilli, 2024).
Imi a i e W i ing equi es co ec w i ing o le e s, wo ds, spelling
ules and sho sen ences. The main pu pose in such ac i i ies
whe e o iginal con ex s a e no c ea ed is o measu e and e alua e
ocabula y/g amma . Two measu emen and e alua ion echniques
ha e been examined in he con ex o c i e ia unde he i le o
e lec i e w i ing. Ac i i ies Measu ing Le e , Wo d, and
Punc ua ion Knowledge: Ac i i ies measu ing le e , wo d, and
punc ua ion knowledge (Tasks in W i ing Le e s, Wo ds, and
Punc ua ion) a e echniques designed o measu e and e alua e
knowledge o w i ing wo ds co ec ly, using uppe case/lowe case
le e s and punc ua ion ma ks in he co ec place in a sen ence
(Ismayilli, 2024). One o he c i e ia o p o iciency in w i ing skills
is he co ec spelling o wo ds and he co ec use o punc ua ion
ma ks. Howe e , his knowledge should no be e alua ed wi h
sho sen ences wi hou con ex o as mul iple choice.
Ac i i ies ha Measu e Spelling and Phoneme Knowledge:
Spelling knowledge in ol es w i ing wo ds co ec ly. In exams
whe e mo e adi ional measu emen and e alua ion echniques a e
used, i is pe o med by dic a ing a se ies o wo ds. The wo d is
i s dic a ed, hen epea ed in a sen ence, and inally he wo d is
ead again in isola ion. When w i ing skill depends on he le el o
p o iciency in lis ening skills, he decision o success may lose i s
alidi y (Babaye , 2021). The success o he s uden depends on
he le el o success in lis ening skills. In addi ion, he p oblem o
p onouncing wo ds in a way ha all s uden s can hea equally o
he eliabili y c i e ion due o he p onuncia ion di e ences o each
eache is a con o e sial echnique.
In ensi e Con olled W i ing equi es he use o wo ds,
colloca ions, idioms in con ex and g amma ically co ec
sen ences. Meaning and con ex we e impo an o ensu e accu acy
and app op ia eness. Assessmen p ac ices begin wi h he s uden
being gi en he ex o ead.
Dic a ion: Dic a ion, a echnique ha measu es lis ening skills
a he han w i ing and is e y easy o p epa e, in ol es w i ing
down wha is lis ened o. A s uden who lis ens o a pa ag aph/ ex
ead wo o h ee imes a no mal speed c ea es a pa ag aph based
on he no es he/she akes. Dic a ion canno be conside ed a e y
common eal-li e ac i i y excep in si ua ions ha equi e he use
o special-pu pose language. In addi ion, mul iple epe i ions o
he pu pose o dic a ion a e no an o iginal applica ion. In his
con ex , dic a ion canno be conside ed an o iginal and alid
echnique due o i s applica ion cha ac e is ics (Da ison, C.
2004).The es ablishmen o sco ing/e alua ion c i e ia depends on
which knowledge/skill (comp ehension, spelling, g amma ) is
measu ed. Since dic a ion equi es he use o mo e han one skill
(lis ening-comp ehension, w i ing), i can be a use ul echnique in
e ms o measu ing gene al language p o iciency. The condi ion
o u ning he echnique in o a alid ool is o make he echnique
o iginal, ha is, o ans o m i in o eal-li e ac i i ies.
Pic u e-Cued Sen ence W i ing: Pic u e-Cued Sen ence W i ing
includes echniques ha use pic u es as con ex . The use o pic u es
in measu ing and assessing w i ing skills can be adap ed o each
language le el. As seen in he echniques gi en below, hey can be
designed wi h di e en s uc u es om beginne o ad anced
le els. Sho sen ences, pic u e comple ion, and na a i e
echniques ha a ange pic u es in meaning ul o de a e gi en as
echniques ha include he use o pic u es in measu ing and
assessing w i ing skills.
Pic u e Desc ip ion: Pic u e desc ip ion ac i i ies a e designed o
measu e and e alua e he knowledge and skills o using wo ds and
g amma ical s uc u es necessa y o desc ibe objec s in a pic u e,
explain hei loca ion, and make compa isons. Ac i i ies a e alid
o he ex en ha hey enable c ea i e w i ing. The e o e, i is
impo an o c ea e echniques and c i e ia ha ocus on measu ing
and e alua ing c ea i e w i ing skills ha a e app op ia e o he
pu pose and con ex wi hou p io i izing eliabili y and
applicabili y condi ions.
Pic u e Sequence Desc ip ion: The „Pic u e Sequence Desc ip ion‟
echnique, which is an o iginal and alid ac i i y ha suppo s
c ea i i y, measu es s o y w i ing skills based on a se ies o
pic u es. In he con ex o he ime ha needs o be alloca ed o
sco ing and he possibili y ha he c i e ia may change acco ding
o each e alua o , he echnique, which canno ully mee eliabili y
and applicabili y c i e ia, can be de ined as an al e na i e way o
measu ing and e alua ing w i ing skills.
Conclusion
The e alua ion o w i ing skills in a o eign language is a
mul idimensional p ocess ha equi es a en ion o bo h linguis ic
accu acy and communica i e e ec i eness. E ec i e assessmen
should no be limi ed o measu ing mechanical aspec s such as
spelling and g amma bu should also conside c ea i i y,
cohe ence, and he abili y o exp ess ideas meaning ully wi hin a
gi en con ex . The s udy highligh s ha echniques such as
imi a i e w i ing, con olled w i ing, and pic u e-based w i ing
p o ide di e se oppo uni ies o measu e di e en dimensions o
w i ing p o iciency. Howe e , he eliabili y and alidi y o hese
echniques depend la gely on he use o clea , s anda dized sco ing
c i e ia and he educ ion o subjec i i y in e alua ion. Au hen ic
and pu pose-d i en w i ing asks be e e lec eal-li e
communica ion and hus se e as mo e alid indica o s o lea ne s‟
w i ing compe ence. In conclusion, de eloping balanced,
anspa en , and con ex -sensi i e assessmen p ac ices is essen ial
o accu a ely measu ing and imp o ing w i ing skills in o eign
language educa ion.
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