Co esponding au ho : Mah Lau e Ma ie Regina KADJO
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Galac ogenic e ec o milk powde om nu sedge ube s (Cype us esculen us) in
lac a ing a s
Mah Lau e Ma ie Regina KADJO 1, *, Ko i B uno KOKO 1, Kouamé He mann YÉBOUÉ 1, Anin Louise ANIN-
ATCHIBRI 2 and Ma ie Louise AHUI-BITTY 1
1 UFR Biosciences, Labo a o y o Biology and Heal h, Uni e si y o Félix Houphouë -Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cô e
d´I oi e.
2 UFR Food Science and Technology, Labo a o y o Food Sa e y, Uni e si y o Nangui Ab ogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cô e
d’I oi e.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1215-1225
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 29 June 2025; e ised on 10 Augus 2025; accep ed on 12 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.2886
Abs ac
Ea ly cessa ion o b eas eeding, o en due o insu icien milk p oduc ion, is a equen p oblem o mo he s. In o de
o p o ide a solu ion, his s udy assessed he galac ogenic e icacy o nu sedge ube s. To do his, 72 nullipa ous a s
aged a ound h ee mon hs we e used. A e pa u i ion, each lac a ing a was housed indi idually wi h six a pups. Fo
17 days, he animals we e di ided in o se e al g oups ecei ing: a nega i e con ol die (wi hou galac agogue), a
posi i e con ol die (Galac ogil wi h d inking wa e ), and ou expe imen al die s based on 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 %
nu sedge ube milk powde . Milk p oduc ion in lac a ing a s was assessed using he a weighing me hod, while he
his ological s uc u e o he mamma y glands was obse ed. Se um p olac in concen a ions we e measu ed on days 0,
7 and 14. The esul s show ha Tige Nu s milk powde s imula es milk p oduc ion and inc eases blood p olac in. Milk
p oduc ion eached 36.58 ± 0.41 g o he MPNT 40 % die , compa ed wi h 27.52 ± 0.65 g o he con ol. The MPNT 40
% die has he highes se um p olac in concen a ion and also p omo es be e lobule-al eola o ganiza ion o he
mamma y glands. The inc ease in milk p oduc ion, accompanied by a signi ican imp o emen in he weigh g ow h o
he pups, con i ms he galac ogenic e ec o yellow nu sedge ube s.
Keywo ds: Galac ogenic e ec ; Milk powde ; P olac in; Milk p oduc ion
1. In oduc ion
The Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion ecommends exclusi e b eas eeding up o he age o 6 mon hs because o he many
ecognized heal h bene i s. B eas eeding is bene icial in bo h he sho and long e m o he baby and also o he
mo he [1]. B eas eeding is impo an because i p o ides essen ial and i eplaceable nou ishmen o he child's
esis ance and de elopmen . I is a child's i s immuniza ion, p o ec ing agains espi a o y in ec ions, dia hoeal
diseases and o he po en ially a al condi ions, as well as obesi y [2].
Fo he mo he , i can educe he isk o b eas cance and p omo e be e heal h a e he bi h o he child [3]. Howe e ,
he p e alence o b eas eeding wo ldwide emains low. Acco ding o esea ch ca ied ou in 2021 in an u ban
communi y in Niamey, Nige , exclusi e b eas eeding was p ac iced by 33.5 % o mo he s [4]. In 2012, da a om h ee
heal h acili ies in he ci y o Abidjan in Cô e d'I oi e showed ha exclusi e b eas eeding was p ac iced by only 33.51
% o mo he s [5].
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The e a e many easons o s opping b eas eeding ea ly. One o he easons mos equen ly ci ed by mo he s is he
eeling ha hey a e no p oducing enough milk o ensu e hei baby's op imal g ow h. This a ec s a ound a hi d o
ea ly weane s [6, 7]. A ican women gene ally expe ience insu icien milk p oduc ion. They use adi ional plan s o
s imula e milk p oduc ion o o inc ease milk yield. These plan s a e used ei he pu e o in a mix u e, in he o m o a
decoc ion o mace a ion. P e ious s udies ha e demons a ed he galac agogue ac i i y o ce ain plan s.
These include Eupho bia He a, A achis hypogaea, Ocimum Canum [8], Calo opis p oce i, Ficus sycomo us, Ficus
pla yphylline [9], Spondees mombin L. [10] and To bagun (Coleus ambi ious L.) [11].
An e hnobo anical su ey also men ions he use o nu sedge ube s (Cype us esculen us) as a plan wi h galac ogenic
p ope ies [12, 8].
In Cô e d'I oi e, ube s o nu sedge (Cype us esculen us) a e egula ly used adi ionally o inc ease milk p oduc ion in
b eas eeding women. The aim o his s udy is o de elop he use o nu sedge ube s in he p oduc ion o b eas milk.
Mo e speci ically, he aim is o quan i y he milk p oduced, ake his ological sec ions o he mamma y glands and
measu e se um p olac in in a s.
2. Ma e ials and me hods
2.1. Plan ma e ial
The plan ma e ial used was d ied b own ube s o Tige Nu (Cype us esculen us). These ube s we e pu chased om
a me s in Tagbonon Bamba asso, a illage loca ed 3 km om Dabakala in he Humbol egion o no he n Cô e d'I oi e.
The d ied Tige Nu ube s we e hen packed in ai igh poly hene bags and anspo ed o he labo a o y o analysis.
2.2. Animal ma e ial
72 nullipa ous emale a s (Ra us no egicus) o he Wis a s ain, aged app oxima ely 03 mon hs, weighing be ween
170 g and 200 g, we e used wi h 432 a pups a a a e o 06 a pups pe a . These animals we e ea ed in he i a ium
o he Ecole No male Supé ieu e (ENS) in Abidjan (Cô e d'I oi e). The empe a u e o he ea ing oom was a ound 25°C
and he ligh ing was egula ed by a cycle o 12 hou s o ligh and 12 hou s o da kness.
2.3. P oduc ion o he Tige Nu s milk powde sample
Once he ube s we e in he labo a o y, hey we e u he so ed o elimina e o eign bodies, as well as damaged and
imma u e ube s. The ube s we e hen washed h ee (3) imes wi h wa e and soaked o 72 hou s o ehyd a ion.
Once he ube s had been emo ed om he soaking wa e , hey we e washed a second ime. The ehyd a ed ube s
we e g ound using a blende (iLUX). The c ushed ma e ial was placed in a clo h (poplin) and he milk was ex ac ed by
p essing. The ex ac ion equi ed 200 ml o wa e o 100 g o ube s. The milk ob ained a e p essing was hen eeze-
d ied and he milk powde ob ained was s o ed in ai igh ja s.
2.4. Fo mula ion o he die s
The a ious expe imen al die s we e o mula ed acco ding o he me hod o [13] wi h some modi ica ions (Table 1). In
o al, six (6) die s we e o mula ed du ing his expe imen . A nega i e con ol die (basal die ), a posi i e con ol die
(Gal D) consis ing o he basal die plus 3.2 g o galac ogil pe 150 ml o wa e (galac ogil was added o he d inking wa e
o he a s) and ou (4) o he die s composed o he nega i e con ol die wi h an inco po a ion o 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and
40 % o milk powde om nu sedge ube s. All o hese die s we e en iched wi h a p emix o i amins and mine als wi h
added wa e .
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Table 1 Composi ion o die s
Composi ion (g/kg)
Die s
C. nega i e
Gal D
MPNT
10%
MPNT
20 %
MPNT
30 %
MPNT
40 %
Maize s a ch
640
640
628.97
619.25
607.39
596.51
Sun lowe oil
50
50
45
40
35
30
Tige nu milk powde
-
-
16.03
31.75
47.61
63.49
Galac ogil
-
3.2
-
-
-
-
Fish powde
250
250
250
250
250
250
Suga
50
50
50
50
50
50
P emix
10
10
10
10
10
10
• C. nega i e: Con ol nega i e
• Gal D: Galac ogil die
• MPNT 10%: Con ol die wi h 10% inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s
• MPNT 20%: Con ol die wi h 20% inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s
• MPNT 30%: Con ol die wi h 30% inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s
• MPNT 40%: Con ol die wi h 40% inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s
2.5. T ea men o animals
Female a s a e ma ed wi h a s a a a e o one a o e e y h ee (3) emale a s. When a a was p egnan , i was
isola ed in an indi idual cage un il pa u i ion. A e pa u i ion, he a pups we e adjus ed o six (6) a pups o each
lac a ing a . The a s we e ed a basal die (con ol) o he i s wo (2) days pos pa um. Then, in he e ening o he
second day un il he se en een h day, he a s we e ed he di e en o mula ed die s.
2.6. Measu emen o he quan i y o milk p oduced by suckling a pups and he mass o he a s
The quan i ies o milk p oduced by he a s in he di e en ba ches we e de e mined by weighing hem using he me hod
desc ibed in [14].
Du ing he expe imen , he suckling a s we e ed he po ion o o mula ed eed in ended o each g oup a 6 pm. The
nex day, he i s weighing session (P1) was ca ied ou a 8 am a e he a had spen he nigh wi h he a . They we e
hen isola ed in cages o 4 hou s. A 12 hou s, he a pups we e weighed (P2), hen e u ned o he suckling a s o a
one-hou suckling pe iod. The las weighing (P3) ook place a 1 pm.
The quan i y o milk p oduced nine een (19) hou s a e consump ion o he eed by he a s is es ima ed by P3-P2. A
co ec ion o weigh loss due o basal me abolic p ocesses in he a pups es ima ed by (P2-P1)/4 was added. The gain
in daily pup weigh was calcula ed om P2. The amoun o milk p oduced was es ima ed by he ollowing o mula:
Quan i y o milk (g) = (P3-P2) + [ (P2-P1) / 4]
Wi h: P3-P2: Weigh gain in a pups a e lac a ion
(P2-P1)/4: Co ela ion coe icien o weigh loss due o basal me abolic p ocesses
2.7. His ological s udy o he mamma y glands o suckling a s
A he end o he expe imen al days, he a s we e as ed o 16 hou s. The a s we e hen anaes he ized wi h e hyl
u e hane and sac i iced [15]. The mamma y glands we e ha es ed and p ese ed in 10 % o maldehyde o his ological
sec ions using he pa a in embedding echnique [16].
This echnique is pe o med in se e al s ages. Pieces o he o gans we e placed in casse es and dehyd a ed in a ising
alcohol ba h. They we e imme sed in oluene ba hs and hen he glands we e embedded in pa a in in app op ia e
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moulds. The gland agmen s embedded in he pa a in blocks we e cu in o 5 µm hick slices. The sec ions we e
ehyd a ed, s ained wi h haema oxylin-eosin, dehyd a ed and obse ed using a i-ocula elec on mic oscope.
2.8. De e mina ion o se um p olac in con en
Assessmen o blood p olac in le els equi ed he use o 36 a s g ouped in o 6 g oups o 6 a s. Fo he i s wo days
pos -pa um, he a s we e all ed a basal die (con ol). The a s we e hen ed he di e en die s o mula ed on he
e ening o he second day un il he se en een h day. The a s we e as ed o six een (16) hou s on days 0, 7 and 14 o
he expe imen al pe iods. The animals we e hen anaes he ized wi h e hyl u e hane and blood samples (2ml) we e aken
by caudal ampu a ion. The blood samples we e cen i uged a 3000 ou pe minu es ( pm) o 10 minu es [15]. The
se um ob ained cons i u ed he sample o be analyzed.
P olac in le els we e quan i ied by he s anda d me hod using a Mini Vidas au oanalyze (BioMé ieux, F ance). The
enzyme-linked immunoso ben assay was used o his de e mina ion [17].
2.9. S a is ical analysis
G aphPad P ism so wa e e sion 8.0.1 was used o he s a is ical analysis o he esul s. All alues a e p esen ed as he
mean ollowed by he s anda d e o o he mean (m ± SEM). Means we e compa ed by analysis o a iance (ANOVA)
ollowed by Tukey's mul iple compa ison es a he 5 % h eshold.
3. Resul s
3.1. E ec o inco po a ing milk powde om nu sedge ube s in o he die on he quan i y o milk p oduced
each day
Figu e 1 shows he quan i ies o milk p oduced daily by suckling a s a e consump ion o he di e en die s. The igu e
shows an inc ease in milk p oduc ion du ing lac a ion. Low milk p oduc ion was obse ed om day h ee oday nine.
Milk p oduc ion inc eased om he en h o he se en een h day o lac a ion when he a s had consumed he di e en
o mula ed die s.
Figu e 1 Daily milk p oduc ion om day 3 o day 17 o lac a ion a e consump ion o di e en o mula ed die s
• Gal D: Galac ogil die
• MPNT 10 %: Con ol die wi h 10 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 20 %: Con ol die wi h 20 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 30 %: Con ol die wi h 30 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 40 %: Con ol die wi h 40 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s.
• Mean ± S.E.M; n = 6.
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3.2. E ec o inco po a ing milk powde om nu sedge ube s in o he die on he amoun o o al milk
p oduced
All he amoun s o milk p oduced by he a s a e consuming he di e en die s du ing he expe imen al pe iod a e
shown in igu e 2. Analysis o he esul s shows ha he MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 %, MPNT 40 % die s esul ed in an
inc ease in milk p oduc ion om he MPNT 20 % die , as well as he Gal D. Compa ed wi h a s on he con ol die , which
p oduced a o al o 27.52 ± 0.65 g o milk, he PLTS 20 % die p oduced a highly signi ican inc ease in milk a he
h eshold (P < 0.001), eaching 33.40 ± 0.37 g. The MPNT 30 %, MPNT 40 % die s and Gal D showed highly signi ican
inc eases in milk p oduc ion a he h eshold (P < 0.0001), o 34.42 ± 0.36 g, 36.58 ± 0.41 g and 38.33 ± 0.70 g
espec i ely. The inco po a ion o MPNT 10 % esul ed in milk p oduc ion o 27.97 ± 0.81 g. This quan i y was
s a is ically insigni ican a he h eshold (P > 0.05) compa ed wi h ha obse ed in a s on he con ol die .
Figu e 2 To al milk p oduc ion om day 3 o day 17 o lac a ion a e consump ion o he di e en o mula ed die s
Milk p oduc ion is ob ained by summing he quan i ies o milk p oduced daily du ing he expe imen .
• Gal D: Galac ogil die
• MPNT 10 %: Con ol die wi h 10 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 20 %: Con ol die wi h 20 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 30 %: Con ol die wi h 30 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 40 %: Con ol die wi h 40 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s.
• ns’ > 0.05: No signi ican di e ence; ***P < 0. 001: Ve y signi ican di e ence;
• ****P < 0.0001: Highly signi ican di e ence; Mean ± S.E.M; n = 6.
3.3. E ec o inco po a ing milk powde om nu sedge ube s in o he die on he his ological s uc u es o he
mamma y glands
Mic oscopic analysis o he mamma y glands o suckling a s (Figu e 3) e ealed milk-con aining al eoli. Howe e , he
al eoli in he mamma y glands o a s ed he Gal D con ained high concen a ions o milk compa ed wi h he con ol.
Simila ly, he mamma y gland al eoli o a s ed he MPNT 10 %, MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 % and MPNT 40 % die s
con ained signi ican amoun s o milk. The mamma y glands o a s ed he MPNT 10 %, MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 %, MPNT
40 % die s and Gal D con ained a cells.
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Figu e 3 His ological sec ion o a mamma y glands
• C: Con ol, Gal D: Galac ogil die ;
• MPNT 10 %: Con ol die wi h 10 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 20 %: Con ol die wi h 20 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 30 %: Con ol die wi h 30 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 40 %: Con ol die wi h 40 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• IL.C: In a-lobula canal; A.T: Adipose issue; IL.C. T: In a-lobula connec i e issue;
• : In a-lobula duc con aining a high concen a ion o milk;
• : Emp y in a-lobula duc ; S aining: Hema oxylin-Eosin; Magni ica ion: 100.
3.4. E ec o inco po a ing milk powde om nu sedge ube s in o he die on p olac in sec e ion in lac a ing
a s
P olac in concen a ions in he blood on day 0, day 7 and day 14 o lac a ion a e shown in able 2. On day 0 o he
expe imen , baseline p olac in alues in all a s we e below 1 ng/ml. On day 7 o he expe imen , p olac in le els in a s
ed he MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 %, MPNT 40 % die s and Gal D we e 16.07 ± 0.12 ng/ml, 16.19 ± 0.18 ng/ml, 17.76 ± 3.05
ng/ml and 22.19 ± 2.06 ng/ml espec i ely. Compa ed wi h he con ol, hese alues a e highly signi ican (P < 0.0001).
On day 14, o hose who ecei ed he Gal D, MPNT 30 % and MPNT 40 % die s we e signi ican ly highe (P < 0.0001) a
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alues o 15.46 ± 0.93 ng/ml; 5.97 ± 0.95 ng/ml; and 9.53 ± 0.91 ng/ml espec i ely. The e was no signi ican di e ence
be ween he p olac in alues o a s ed he MPNT 10 % and MPNT 20 % die s and hose o a s ed he con ol die .
Table 2 Se um p olac in con en in a s a e consump ion o di e en die s
Die s
P olac in concen a ions (ng/ml)
Day 0
Day 7
Day14
Con ol
< 1
1.46 ± 0.80
< 1.00
Gal D
< 1
22.19 ± 2.06****
15.46 ± 0.93****
MPNT 10 %
< 1
1.85 ± 0.24ns
1.64 ± 1.11ns
MPNT 20 %
< 1
16.07 ± 0.12****
1.95 ± 0.09ns
MPNT 30 %
< 1
16.19 ± 0.18****
5.97 ± 0.95****
MPNT 40 %
< 1
17.76 ± 3.05****
9.53 ± 0.91****
• Gal D: Galac ogil die ;
• MPNT 10 %: Con ol die wi h 10 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 20 %: Con ol die wi h 20 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 30 %: Con ol die wi h 30 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 40 %: Con ol die wi h 40 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s.
• ns’ > 0.05: Di e ence no signi ican ; ***P < 0. 001: Ve y signi ican di e ence;
• ****P < 0.0001: Highly signi ican di e ence; Mean ± S.E.M; n = 6.
3.5. E ec o he inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s on he g ow h o a pups
The cu es showing he e olu ion o he body mass o he a pups suckled du ing he expe imen a e illus a ed in igu e
4. All he a pups inc eased hei body mass du ing his expe imen al pe iod. F om day 03 o day 17 o lac a ion,
compa ed wi h he con ol lo , he body mass o he pups whose mo he s had ecei ed galac ogil inc eased e y
signi ican ly (P < 0.0001).
The a pups om he MPNT 40 % g oup had a mass ha inc eased ma ginally (P < 0.05) on day i e and e y
signi ican ly (P < 0.001; P < 0.0001) om day se en onwa ds. On he o he hand, he body mass o he a pups in he
MPNT 20 % g oup ell e y signi ican ly (P < 0.0001) om day i e onwa ds.
Figu e 4 G ow h cu e o body mass o suckled a pups
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• Gal D: Galac ogil die ;
• MPNT 10 %: Con ol die wi h 10 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 20 %: Con ol die wi h 20 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 30 %: Con ol die wi h 30 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s;
• MPNT 40 %: Con ol die wi h 40 % inco po a ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s.
• Mean ± S.E.M; n = 6.
4. Discussion
In his s udy, a ious die s we e adminis e ed daily o lac a ing emale a s in o de o e alua e he galac ogenic ac i i y
o milk powde de i ed om nu sedge in his s udy, a ious die s we e adminis e ed daily o lac a ing emale a es o
assess he galac ogenic ac i i y o milk powde de i ed om nu sedge ube s. The esul s ob ained indica e ha he
MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 %, MPNT 40 % die s and Gal D induced milk p oduc ion o 33.40 ± 0.37 g, 34.42 ± 0.36 g and 36.58
± 0.41 g and 38.33 ± 0.70 g espec i ely. These alues, in pa icula ha ob ained wi h he die con aining 40 % nu sedge,
a e compa able o hose epo ed by [18], who obse ed a p oduc ion o 39.38 ± 1.5 g in a s ea ed wi h an aqueous
ex ac o Eupho bia Hi a lea es a a dose o 200 mg/kg body weigh . These esul s sugges a signi ican galac ogenic
e ec o nu sedge, simila o ha o plan s adi ionally known o hei lac ogenic ac i i y.
The e is g owing in e es in he use o galac ogenic p oduc s based on oods o medicinal plan s, bo h in adi ional
medicine and in unc ional nu i ion [19]. One o he main easons o his in e es is he p esence, in ce ain plan
species, o bioac i e compounds capable o s imula ing milk sec e ion by ac ing on he physiological mechanisms
in ol ed in milk p oduc ion [20]. The wo k o [21] on he chemical composi ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s
highligh ed he p esence o phenolic compounds, la onoids and annins, whose bioac i e ac i i y could explain he
galac ogenic e ec obse ed.
These esul s a e in line wi h hose epo ed by [22] in Senegal, who also highligh ed he galac ogenic po en ial
associa ed wi h he consump ion o nu sedge ube s. Galac ogil, on he o he hand, con ains ex ac s o ennel
(Foeniculum ulga e), a plan widely ecognized o i s galac agogic p ope ies. The p esence o hese bioac i e
compounds helps o s imula e he p oduc ion o b eas milk [23].
In addi ion o quan i ying he milk p oduced, he galac ogenic ac i i y o he di e en die s was assessed by measu ing
se um concen a ions o p olac in, a key ho mone in he ini ia ion and main enance o lac a ion a e pa u i ion [24,
25]. This assay was ca ied ou on day 0, day 7 and day 14 o he expe imen . The esul s showed a signi ican inc ease
in p olac in le els on day 7 in a s ed he MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 %, MPNT 40 % die s and Gal D indica ing signi ican
galac ogenic ac i i y.
These obse a ions a e in ag eemen wi h he wo k o [20], which showed ha adminis a ion o 100 and 200 mg/kg
body weigh o he e hyl ace a e ac ion o Hibiscus sabda i a Linné induced an inc ease in p olac in le els, eaching
31.45 ± 2.39 ng/ml and 34.03 ± 1.67 ng/ml espec i ely on he eigh een h day pos -pa um in lac a ing a s.
Fu he mo e, a s udy by [26] epo ed ha T igonella oenum-g aecum ( enug eek) ex ac p omo ed inc eased milk
p oduc ion in he immedia e pos pa um pe iod, wi h a bene icial e ec on weigh eco e y in newbo ns. Simila ly, [18]
demons a ed a signi ican inc ease in p olac in sec e ion in a s ea ed wi h an aqueous ex ac o Eupho bia hi a
lea es a a dose o 200 mg/kg, suppo ing he hypo hesis o a galac ogenic e ec o ce ain medicinal plan s.
The obse ed inc ease in milk p oduc ion and se um p olac in le els in a s ed he MPNT 20 %, MPNT 30 % and MPNT
40 % die s highligh s he galac ogenic po en ial o Cype us esculen us ube milk powde .
Galac ogil, a galac ogenic supplemen equen ly used in clinical phy o he apy, con ains ex ac s o ennel (Foeniculum
ulga e) and aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), subs ances known o hei abili y o s imula e p olac in sec e ion. Thei
mechanism o ac ion is hough o in ol e di ec ac ion on he mamma y glands and modula ion o he hypo halamo-
hypophyseal axis, he eby helping o imp o e milk p oduc ion [27, 23].
His ological analysis o he mamma y glands o suckling a s e ealed signi ican mo phological changes ollowing
consump ion o milk powde de i ed om Cype us esculen us ube s (yellow nu sedge). Compa ed wi h he con ol
g oup, whose connec i e issue was ela i ely loose, he a s ed die s con aining Galac ogil and 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and
40 % Tige Nu s showed inc eased in il a ion o adipose cells and issue o ganiza ion sugges ing in ense sec e o y
ac i i y.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1215-1225
1223
The obse a ion o he di e en egions o he mamma y gland indica es a signi ican s imula ion o galac ogenic ac i i y,
p obably induced by he expe imen al die . This galac ogenic po en ial could be a ibu ed o Nu sedge's abili y o
p omo e he de elopmen o he lobula sys em. Indeed, all die s en iched wi h yellow nu sedge powde esul ed in a
isible expansion o he lobula sys em o he mamma y glands. These esul s a e consis en wi h hose o [28], which
showed ha Acacia nilo ica ssp. adansonii lea es s imula ed he de elopmen o he lobuloal eola sys em in suckling
a s. These obse a ions he e o e suppo he hypo hesis ha nu sedge ube s ha e signi ican galac ogenic p ope ies,
as also sugges ed by he wo k o [12]. As a esul , egula consump ion o nu sedge ube s would p omo e milk
p oduc ion in b eas eeding mo he s, hus helping o imp o e he nu i ional s a us o in an s du ing he i s six mon hs
o li e, and con ibu e o he igh agains in an malnu i ion.
In addi ion, he esul s ob ained om he weigh masses o he a pups indica e ha he die s adminis e ed o he a s
had a posi i e in luence on he weigh g ow h o he a pups ia lac a ion. The weigh gain obse ed in he newbo ns
was closely linked o he quali y and quan i y o milk p oduced by he mo he s. In pa icula , a pups bo n o a s ed
he Galac ogil and MPNT 40 % die s showed signi ican ly g ea e weigh de elopmen han he o he g oups, including
he con ol. This di e ence could be a ibu ed o mo e abundan milk p oduc ion in he a pups in hese g oups. These
obse a ions a e consis en wi h he wo k o [29], which showed ha he nu i ional s a us o he lac a ing mo he
di ec ly in luences he composi ion and nu i ional alue o he mo he 's milk. These esul s a e consis en wi h hose
epo ed by [30], who examined he e ec o enug eek on milk p oduc ion in abbi s and he weigh g ow h o young
abbi s be o e weaning. These au ho s highligh ed a co ela ion be ween he quan i y o milk p oduced and ha ac ually
consumed by he young, signi ican ly in luencing hei weigh a weaning. Simila ly, he da a om ou expe imen
sugges ha he consump ion o milk powde om nu sedge ube s helps o inc ease milk p oduc ion, wi h bene icial
e ec s on he g ow h o newbo ns.
5. Conclusion
Milk powde om nu sedge ube s p omo es milk p oduc ion, p olac in sec e ion, he de elopmen o he lobule-
al eola sys em o he mamma y glands and he g ow h o a pups ha ha e consumed die s wi h milk powde
inco po a ed. The inc ease in hese a ious pa ame e s e ec i ely shows he galac ogenic ac i i y a e consump ion o
hese ube s in lac a ing a s.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
S a emen o e hical app o al
The animals we e ea ed in acco dance wi h Di ec i e 2010/63/EU on he p o ec ion o animals used o scien i ic
pu poses. E e y e o was made o minimize animal su e ing and educe he numbe o animals used.
Re e ences
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