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Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human
Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy
By:
D . Ash a i Ak e Zahan1, D . Fa ida Yesmin2, D . Shakil Mahmood3, D . Shu opa Islam Akhi4, D . Mohammad
Fokh uzzaman5, Rubaya Sul ana6, Janna ul Taslima Meem7, Zanna ul Mawa8, Shahid A idi9
1. P o esso , Depa men o Ana omy, Gonoshas haya Samaj Vi ik Medical College (GSVMC),
Sa a , Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: ash a [email protected]
2. P o esso , Depa men o pha macology & The apeu ics. Gonoshas haya Samaj Vi ik Medical College
(GSVMC), Sa a , Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email:- d a [email protected]
3. P o esso , Depa men o Biochemis y, Gonoshas haya Samaj Vi ik Medical College (GSVMC),
Sa a , Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email:- shakilbioche[email p o ec ed]m
4. Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Communi y Medicine & Public Heal h, Gonoshas haya Samaj Vi ik
Medical College (GSVMC), Sa a , Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email:- d shu opaisla[email p o ec ed]om
5. Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Skin & VD, Di ec o a e Gene al o Heal h Se ices (DGHS), Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Email: zaman1977d[email p o ec ed]
6. Depa men o De elopmen S udies, Islamic Uni e si y, Kush ia, Bangladesh ; Email:
sul ana. ubaya10[email p o ec ed]m
7. Depa men o Physio he apy, Bangladesh Heal h P o essions Ins i u e (BHPI), Dhaka-1343, Bangladesh;
Email: [email protected]
8. Consul an Physio he apis , Incha ge o paedia ic PT se ices, Cen e o he Rehabili a ion o he
Pa alyzed (CRP), Dhaka- 1343 Bangladesh, Email: mawac [email p o ec ed]m; ORCID: 0000-0002-0919-1021.
9. Lec u e , Depa men o Physio he apy, SAIC College o Medical Science & Technology, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, Email: a [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-9558-5640
Co esponding au ho (*):
Shahid A idi
Lec u e , Depa men o Physio he apy, SAIC College o Medical Science & Technology, Bangladesh,
Email: a [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-9558-5640
Con lic o in e es : No
Funding: Sel - unding
IRB-SCMST/DPT/IRB-20/03-005
Human E hics and Consen o Pa icipa e decla a ions: no applicable
E-3050-9610
P-2795-3270
10.5281/zenodo.17285285
VOL. 08 ISSUE 09 SEPT - 2025
ARTICLE ID: #02101
Zahan, A., Yesmin, F., Mahmood, S., Akhi, S., Fokh uzzaman, M., Sul ana, R., Meem, J., Mawa, Z., & A idi, S. (2025). Age-Rela ed
His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science, 8(9),
01-14. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17285285
© 2025 Volume 8 Issue No 9 (2025) OA: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/bs || Page 2 o 14 ||
Abs ac
Backg ound: As people become olde , hei kidneys change in bo h s uc u e and unc ion,
which makes hem less able o do hei job and aises he isk o ch onic kidney disease
(CKD), especially in olde people. E en hough a lo o esea ch has been done on Wes e n
cul u es, he e isn' much in o ma ion abou how kidneys age in Sou h Asian popula ions, like
Bangladesh. Objec i e: The goal o his s udy was o look a how he s uc u e o human
kidneys a ies wi h age in di e en age g oups using cada e samples om Bangladesh.
Me hodology: A Dhaka Medical College, esea che s did a desc ip i e c oss-sec ional s udy
on 100 kidneys om unclaimed bodies. The bodies we e di ided in o ou age g oups: 10–19,
20–39, 40–59, and 60 yea s o olde . We assessed mo phome ic cha ac e is ics such kidney
weigh , leng h, wid h, hickness, and olume. We also used hema oxylin and eosin s aining o
look a he numbe and size o glome uli. ANOVA and unpai ed - es s we e used o do he
s a is ical analysis. Resul s: The size and olume o he kidneys we e highes in he 20–39
yea s g oup and d opped a lo in olde age g oups (≥60 yea s). As people go olde , he
numbe o glome uli pe mm² wen down, bu he diame e o he glome uli wen up. This is a
sign o compensa o y hype ophy. His ological esul s also showed ha olde kidneys had
mo e in e s i ial ib osis and hicke blood essels. These indings suppo global pa e ns o
kidney aging and d aw a en ion o unique s uc u al changes in Sou h Asia. Conclusion: The
wo k gi es impo an baseline his omo phological in o ma ion abou how kidneys age in a
Sou h Asian popula ion, showing ha he s uc u e o kidneys s a s o b eak down a e age
60. To ind and ea age- ela ed kidney diso de s ea ly, i 's impo an o unde s and hese
changes, especially in places like Bangladesh whe e esou ces a e limi ed.
Keywo ds:
Renal Aging, Kidney Mo phome y, Glome uli, In e s i ial Fib osis.
How o ci e: Zahan, A., Yesmin, F., Mahmood, S., Akhi, S., Fokh uzzaman, M., Sul ana, R., Meem, J.,
Mawa, Z., & A idi, S. (2025). Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A
Cada e ic S udy. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science, 8(9), 01-14.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17285285
Backg ound:
The human kidney is a c i ical o gan ha keeps he body in balance by il e ing, eabso bing,
and sec e ing hings [1]. As we ge olde , he s uc u e and unc ion o he kidney change a
lo . As people become olde , hei kidneys go h ough a lo o s uc u al and unc ional
changes ha can a ec how he kidneys wo k as a whole and make hem mo e likely o
de elop kidney- ela ed diseases [2,3]. Changes in he kidneys ha happen wi h age include
glome uloscle osis, ubula a ophy, in e s i ial ib osis, and hickening o he blood essels
[4]. All o hese changes lead o a educ ion in kidney unc ion [5]. These changes a e e y
impo an o doc o s because hey a ec how o en and how many people ge ch onic kidney
Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy
© 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science
disease (CKD) and end-s age enal disease (ESRD) a ound he wo ld, especially in olde
people [6].
Abou 10% o people h oughou he wo ld ha e CKD. Olde olks a e mo e likely o ha e i
because hey lose neph ons and hei kidneys don' wo k as well as hey used o [7,8]. In
Wes e n coun ies and Eu ope, he isk o CKD goes up a lo a e age 60[9]. Almos 30% o
people o e 70 ha e some kind o kidney p oblem [10]. On he o he hand, Sou h Asia, which
includes Bangladesh, has a double bu den o communicable and non-communicable illnesses.
The numbe o people wi h CKD is ising because he popula ion is becoming olde , and
mo e people a e ge ing diabe es and high blood p essu e [11,1]. The e isn' enough
his omo phological da a on how kidneys age in hese people ha is speci ic o he a ea, which
shows how much mo e esea ch has o be done [2,3]. The main eason why kidney unc ion
ge s wo se as people ge olde is because hey lose neph ons. S udies e eal ha by he eigh h
decade o li e, he numbe o neph ons is cu in hal [3,12]. His opa hological es s show ha
enal aging is cha ac e ized by glome ula hype ophy, inc eased mesangial ma ix
deposi ion, and a e iola hyaliniza ion [1,4]. Thickening o he ubula basemen memb ane
and in e s i ial ib osis make unc ional decline wo se, making people mo e likely o ge acu e
kidney inju y (AKI) and ch onic kidney disease (CKD) [13,14]. Sys emic diso de s ha a e
common in olde people, such as hype ension and a he oscle osis, make hese s uc u al
p oblems wo se [6,15].
The e has been a lo o esea ch on how kidneys age in Wes e n popula ions, bu he e is s ill
no much da a om low- and middle-income coun ies (LMICs), such as Bangladesh and
Sou h Asia [16,17]. Di e ences in gene ics, he en i onmen , and access o heal hca e may
all play a ole in he di e en ways ha di e en e hnic g oups' kidneys age [1,4]. Cada e ic
s udies a e a one-o -a-kind way o look a his omo phological changes wi hou he e ec s o
ea men , which helps us unde s and how aging happens on i s own [4,7]. This s udy looks a
how he his omo phology o human kidneys changes wi h age by looking a cada e s. I
ocuses on changes in he glome uli, ubules, blood essels, and in e s i ial issue [1,3]. This
s udy will help us lea n mo e abou how kidneys age in di e en g oups o people, especially
a eas ha ha en' been esea ched much be o e, like Sou h Asia [8]. The esul s may help
ind and ea age- ela ed kidney p oblems ea ly, especially in places wi h ew esou ces. This
wo k is necessa y since kidney illness is becoming mo e common a ound he wo ld and we
need mo e de ailed his opa hology da a o help wi h clinical managemen and public heal h
Zahan, A., Yesmin, F., Mahmood, S., Akhi, S., Fokh uzzaman, M., Sul ana, R., Meem, J., Mawa, Z., & A idi, S. (2025). Age-Rela ed
His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science, 8(9),
01-14. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17285285
© 2025 Volume 8 Issue No 9 (2025) OA: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/bs || Page 4 o 14 ||
measu es . Finding ou wha causes enal aging on a s uc u al le el could help c ea e a ge ed
ea men s o slow down unc ional decline in a - isk g oups.
Me hodology
The cu en s udy was a desc ip i e c oss-sec ional analysis ha ook place in he Depa men
o Ana omy, Rajshahi Medical College, om July 2024 o June 2025. I used 100 human
kidneys ha had been aken om unclaimed deceased bodies a he Dhaka Medical College
mo gue. We looked examined he igh and le kidneys o bo h male and emale cada e s.
Specimens wi h bi h de ec s, inju ies, kidney disease, o decomposi ion we e no included.
The e we e ou g oups o kidneys based on age: A (10–19 yea s), B (20–39 yea s), C (40–59
yea s), and D (60 yea s and beyond). A e hey we e collec ed, he kidneys we e cleaned,
labeled, ixed in 10% o malin, and p epa ed o bo h mo phome ic and his ological
in es iga ion. Using calib a ed ins umen s and he ellipsoid o mula, we assessed
mo phome ic pa ame e s such kidney weigh , leng h, b ead h, hickness, and olume. Fi e
pai s o kidneys om each g oup we e cu up, p ocessed, and s ained wi h hema oxylin and
eosin o his ological assessmen . A s age mic ome e and an ocula mic ome e we e used o
measu e he numbe o glome uli pe squa e millime e and he a e age diame e o
glome uli. Th ee ields we e measu ed on each slide. We used SPSS e sion 16.0 o do
s a is ical es s such he mean, s anda d de ia ion, ANOVA, and unpai ed - es s. Rajshahi
Medical College ga e he go-ahead o he s udy. Mic oscopes, dissec ion ins umen s,
s aining chemicals, and digi al measu emen equipmen we e some o he ools employed.
E en hough he me hodology was ho ough, he e we e some p oblems ha could a ec he
gene alizabili y o he esul s. These included unequal sample sizes among age g oups, a
small sample size, no examina ion o sex di e ences, and a pauci y o a ailable unclaimed
cada e s. S ill, he s udy gi es us use ul in o ma ion abou how he kidneys change wi h age
by looking a cada e s. The e we e six ips o he medical acili ies on he lis o ga he da a.
Following he equi emen s o he BMRC and he WHO, all pa icipan s ga e hei in o med
consen a e he E hical Re iew Boa d a SCMST app o ed i . The s udy pu a lo o
emphasis on olun a y in ol emen and keeping hings p i a e.
Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy
© 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science
Resul s
This s udy in es iga ed a di e en mo phome ic measu emen s o he le and igh kidneys
(in igu e 1) in ou age g oups: A (10–19 yea s), B (20–39 yea s), C (40–59 yea s), and D
(≥60 yea s). The e was a big di e ence in kidney weigh s wi h age (p<0.001).
Figu e 1: Age enge
The esul s showed a clea and s ong pa e n in kidney shape ha changed wi h age. G oup B
(20–39 yea s) was he physiological peak o almos all me ics. The le kidney in G oup A
(ages 10 o 19) weighed 85.04 ± 2.30 g (95% CI: 83.27–86.81 g), as shown in Table 1. Bu in
G oup B, i go a lo hea ie , up o 98.67 ± 3.95 g (95% CI: 97.17–100.17 g).
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
Mean ± SD
(gm)
Le Kidney
95% CI (gm)
Righ Kidney
Mean ± SD
(gm)
Righ Kidney
95% CI (gm)
A
10–19
9
85.04 ± 2.30
83.27 – 86.81
84.88 ± 2.03
83.32 – 86.45
B
20–39
29
98.67 ± 3.95
97.17 –
100.17
95.80 ± 7.05
89.31 –
102.29
C
40–59
6
94.75 ± 0.95
93.76 – 95.75
94.84 ± 1.47
93.28 – 96.39
D
≥60
6
85.33 ± 2.48
82.72 – 87.95
85.19 ± 2.64
82.41 – 87.97
Table 1: Kidney Weigh s (gm) Ac oss Di e en Age G oups
Zahan, A., Yesmin, F., Mahmood, S., Akhi, S., Fokh uzzaman, M., Sul ana, R., Meem, J., Mawa, Z., & A idi, S. (2025). Age-Rela ed
His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science, 8(9),
01-14. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17285285
© 2025 Volume 8 Issue No 9 (2025) OA: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/bs || Page 6 o 14 ||
Then, G oup C's weigh wen down (94.75 ± 0.95 g; 95% CI: 93.76–95.75 g), and G oup D's
weigh wen down e en mo e (85.33 ± 2.48 g; 95% CI: 82.72–87.95 g). The igh kidney
wen h ough he same hing: i s a ed a 84.88 ± 2.03 g in G oup A, eached i s highes poin
a 95.80 ± 7.05 g in G oup B, and hen d opped o 94.84 ± 1.47 g in G oup C and 85.19 ±
2.64 g in G oup D.
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
Mean ± SD
(cm)
Le Kidney
95% CI (cm)
Righ Kidney
Mean ± SD
(cm)
Righ Kidney
95% CI (cm)
A
10–19
9
8.44 ± 0.87
8.11 – 8.78
8.45 ± 0.40
8.14 – 8.76
B
20–39
29
9.56 ± 0.98
8.63 – 9.70
9.41 ± 1.03
8.33 – 9.50
C
40–59
6
8.55 ± 0.50
8.01 – 9.08
8.70 ± 0.40
8.27 – 9.12
D
≥60
6
8.42 ± 0.27
8.21 – 8.63
8.38 ± 1.08
7.96 – 8.79
Table 2: Kidney Leng hs (cm) Ac oss Di e en Age G oups
The kidneys' leng h changed in he same way (Table 2). In G oup A, he le kidney was 8.44
± 0.87 cm long. In G oup B, i was 9.56 ± 0.98 cm long. I go sho e in G oups C (8.55 ±
0.50 cm) and D (8.42 ± 0.27 cm). The igh kidney was 8.45 o 9.41 cm long in G oup A and
9.41 o 1.03 cm long in G oup B. I go sho e as he g oups go olde .
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
B ead h<b >Mean ±
SD (cm)
95% CI
Le
Kidney
(cm)
Righ Kidney
B ead h<b >Mean ±
SD (cm)
95% CI
Righ
Kidney
(cm)
A
10–19
9
4.06 ± 0.37
3.77 –
4.35
3.82 ± 0.28
3.60 –
4.04
B
20–39
29
4.16 ± 0.44
3.99 –
4.33
3.95 ± 0.57
3.73 –
4.16
C
40–59
6
4.05 ± 0.36
3.66 –
4.43
3.76 ± 0.21
3.54 –
3.99
D
≥60
6
3.88 ± 0.62
3.22 –
4.53
3.65 ± 0.34
3.50 –
3.80
Table 3: Kidney B ead h (cm) Ac oss Di e en Age G oups
Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy
© 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science
The le kidney in G oup B was 4.16 ± 0.44 cm wide, and he igh kidney was 3.95 ± 0.57
cm wide. G oup D, on he o he hand, had he na owes kidneys. The le kidney was 3.88 ±
0.62 cm wide and he igh kidney was 3.65 ± 0.34 cm wide.
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
Thickness<b >Mean
± SD (cm)
95% CI
Le
Kidney
(cm)
Righ Kidney
Thickness<b >Mean
± SD (cm)
95% CI
Righ
Kidney
(cm)
A
10–19
9
3.04 ± 0.46
2.86 –
3.21
3.02 ± 0.36
2.66 –
3.20
B
20–39
29
3.28 ± 0.40
2.98 –
3.59
3.27 ± 0.30
3.04 –
3.51
C
40–59
6
3.07 ± 0.16
2.60 –
3.50
3.06 ± 0.58
2.45 –
3.68
D
≥60
6
2.73 ± 0.36
2.34 –
3.11
2.76 ± 0.44
2.29 –
3.23
Table 4: Kidney Thickness (cm) Ac oss Di e en Age G oups
The pa e ns o hickness in Table 4 we e he same as he pa e ns o b ead h. The kidneys in
G oup B we e he hickes (le : 3.28 ± 0.40 cm; igh : 3.27 ± 0.30 cm), while he kidneys in
G oup D we e he hinnes (le : 2.73 ± 0.36 cm; igh : 2.76 ± 0.44 cm).
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
Volume
(Mean ± SD)
95% CI Le
Kidney (cm³)
Righ Kidney
Volume
(Mean ± SD)
95% CI
Righ Kidney
(cm³)
A
10–19
9
58.07 ± 17.53
51.40 – 64.74
55.04 ± 6.63
49.93 – 60.14
B
20–39
29
58.18 ± 9.35
50.99 – 65.37
57.67 ± 17.86
50.88 – 64.47
C
40–59
6
58.17 ± 19.46
37.75 – 78.60
53.56 ± 20.43
28.19 – 78.93
D
≥60
6
47.72 ± 3.20
33.85 – 61.58
50.73 ± 8.16
42.17 – 59.29
Table 5: Kidney Volume (cm³) Ac oss Age G oups
In Table 5, you can see ha G oup B had he bigges enal olumes (le : 58.18 ± 9.35 cm³;
igh : 57.67 ± 17.86 cm³), while G oup D had he smalles (le : 47.72 ± 3.20 cm³; igh :
50.73 ± 8.16 cm³). A he mic oscopic le el, he same s o y was old: G oup B had he
Zahan, A., Yesmin, F., Mahmood, S., Akhi, S., Fokh uzzaman, M., Sul ana, R., Meem, J., Mawa, Z., & A idi, S. (2025). Age-Rela ed
His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science, 8(9),
01-14. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17285285
© 2025 Volume 8 Issue No 9 (2025) OA: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/bs || Page 8 o 14 ||
highes glome ula densi y, wi h 9.33 ± 0.46/mm² (le ) and 9.27 ± 0.44/mm² ( igh ), and
G oup D had he lowes , wi h 7.85 ± 0.15 and 7.78 ± 0.19, espec i ely.
Age
G oup
Age
Range
N
Le Kidney
Glome uli (Mean
± SD)
95% CI
Le
Kidney
Righ Kidney
Glome uli (Mean
± SD)
95% CI
Righ
Kidney
A
10–19
5
8.48 ± 0.18
8.24 – 8.71
8.35 ± 0.20
8.10 – 8.61
B
20–39
5
9.33 ± 0.46
9.00 – 9.66
9.27 ± 0.44
8.95 – 9.59
C
40–59
5
8.20 ± 0.39
7.71 – 8.68
8.27 ± 0.42
7.74 – 8.79
D
≥60
5
7.85 ± 0.15
7.69 – 8.00
7.78 ± 0.19
7.57 – 7.98
Table 6: Numbe o Glome uli pe mm² in Kidneys Ac oss Age G oups
The ANOVA esul s in Table 7 showed ha hese di e ences we e s a is ically signi ican
(le kidney: F = 3.604, p = 0.001; igh kidney: F = 95.871, p = 0.001). The numbe s show a
clea biological pic u e: kidneys g ow and each hei bigges size and highes glome ula
densi y in young adul hood. A e ha , hey slowly s a o sh ink.
Kidney
F- alue
p- alue
In e p e a ion
Le Kidney
3.604
0.001
S a is ically signi ican di e ence (p<0.001)
Righ Kidney
95.871
0.001
S a is ically signi ican di e ence (p<0.001)
*ANOVA Tes Resul s
Table 7: S a es ical Value
The ac ha G oup B is always a i s highes poin on all mac oscopic and mic oscopic
measu es shows ha he kidney is a i s bes s uc u ally and unc ionally in he second o
hi d decades o li e. A e ha , i s a s o decline in middle and olde age. These changes
a en' jus because o ge ing olde ; hey' e also because kidney issue changes shape o e
ime.
Discussion
The goal o his cada e ic s udy was o look in o how he s uc u e and unc ion o human
kidneys a y wi h age, ocusing on glome ula numbe and diame e , ubula a ophy,
in e s i ial ib osis, and changes in blood essels. The esul s back up ea lie s udies ha
Age-Rela ed His omo phological Changes in Human Kidneys: A Cada e ic S udy
© 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Biological & Medicine Science
showed ha he kidneys ge a lo wo se o e ime, e en when he e a e no ob ious signs o
kidney disease. Compa ed o younge g oups, kidneys om people aged 60 and olde (G oup
D) had a lo ewe glome uli pe mm² and la ge glome uli, which is wha happens when
neph on loss causes compensa o y hype ophy. The esul s a e simila o hose o Zhao e al.,
who used sophis ica ed imaging o see how he s uc u es o heal hy human o gans, such
kidneys, change as people ge olde . They ound ha cells become less complica ed and
issues become less s able [8]. Rossiello e al. also s essed elome e dys unc ion and cellula
senescence as key ac o s in he dec ease o o gans wi h age, including he kidneys. This is in
keeping wi h he his ological e idence o impai ed egene a ion abili y seen in his wo k [11].
In addi ion, Walsh e al. used phase-con as CT o show ha he mic oa chi ec u e o aging
human kidneys is qui e diso ganized, especially in he co ical and ascula compa men s
[15].
The glome ula hype ophy ound in olde people is simila o wha happens in o he o gans
as hey age: cells become s essed o die, causing he s uc u e o g ow o make up o i . Fo
example, Da ies e al. [9] desc ibed al e a ions in he shape o mic oglia in he b ain. In he
same way, Miao e al. showed ha Wn /β-ca enin signaling and p oblems wi h mi ochond ia
a e e y impo an in enal ib osis as people become olde . These mechanisms a e p obably
wha caused he in e s i ial ib osis shown in he oldes g oup in ou s udy [16]. CKD is s ill a
majo public heal h p oblem a ound he wo ld, a ec ing abou 10% o people and
disp opo iona ely a ec ing olde adul s [14]. Mo e han 30% o people o e he age o 70 in
Wes e n coun ies and Eu ope ha e kidney p oblems, which is he same as he s uc u al
damage shown he e [10,13]. In Sou h Asia, pa icula ly Bangladesh, he numbe o people
wi h CKD is ising since he popula ion is ge ing olde and mo e people a e ge ing diabe es
and high blood p essu e. The e isn' much his omo phological da a om his a ea, hus his
cada e ic s udy is a use ul addi ion o ou knowledge o how kidneys age in di e en
popula ions [14,17]. This s udy gi es di ec human his ology da a, which is di e en om
animal models o kidney aging as hose alked abou by S en inkel e al. and Cohen e al. [17,
18]. This means ha he e is no a iabili y be ween species. Also, using cada e ic samples
a oids con ounding ac o s like ea men e ec s, as Jespe sen e al. poin ed ou , because
physiological di e ences in human enal issue a e no usually shown in li e esea ch [19].
The Wes e n die , which is hea y in ad anced glyca ion end-p oduc s (AGEs), has been
associa ed o as e kidney de e io a ion and could cause his ological abno mali ies o happen
ea lie , simila o wha was epo ed in olde cada e ic samples in his in es iga ion [14].
