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SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL FIELD OF SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGISMS
IN ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES
Nu illae Kh., PhD,
Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17712467
Anno a ion. This a icle p o ides a compa a i e analysis o he seman ic and concep ual
ea u es o soma ic ph aseological uni s in English and Ka akalpak languages. Soma ic
ph aseological uni s a e s able language exp essions con aining he names o human body pa s,
e lec ing he wo ld iew, cul u al alues, and cogni i e models o he people. The a icle
examines he main seman ic ields such as “head/bas,” “eye/kóz,” “hand/qol,” and
“hea /jú ek,” highligh ing simila i ies and di e ences in meaning and s ylis ic use ac oss he
wo languages. Addi ionally, he cul u al ounda ions and signi icance o ce ain idioms in
ansla ion a e discussed. The indings con ibu e o ansla ion s udies, linguocul u ology, and
cogni i e linguis ics, p o iding a aluable heo e ical basis o u he esea ch.
Key wo ds. Soma ic ph aseological uni s, seman ic ield, concep ual ield, compa a i e
analysis, English language, Ka akalpak language, ansla ion, cogni i e model,
linguocul u ology.
Anno a siya. Ushbu maqolada ingliz a qo aqalpoq illa idagi soma ik azeologik
bi likla ning seman ik a konsep ual xususiya la i qiyosiy ahlil qilingan. Soma ik
azeologizmla inson ana a’zola i nomla ini o‘z ichiga olgan, xalqning dunyoqa ashi, madaniy
qad iya la i a kogni i modella ini aks e i u chi ba qa o il ibo ala idi . Maqolada
"head/bas," "eye/kóz," "hand/qol," "hea /jú ek" kabi asosiy seman ik maydonla o‘ ganilib, ikki
ildagi ma’no a uslubiy qo‘llanilishdagi o‘xshashlik a a qla yo i ilgan. Bundan ashqa i,
ay im ibo ala ning madaniy asosla i a a jimadagi ahamiya i haqida so‘z yu i iladi. Na ijala
a jimashunoslik, ling omadaniya shunoslik a kogni i ilshunoslikka hissa qo‘shib, keyingi
adqiqo la uchun qimma li naza iy asos bo‘lib xizma qiladi.
Kali so‘zla . Soma ik azeologizmla , seman ik maydon, konsep ual maydon, qiyosiy
ahlil, ingliz ili, qo aqalpoq ili, a jima, kogni i model, ling okul u ologiya.
The language o e e y na ion is a e lec ion o i s na ional wo ld iew,
his o ical de elopmen , and cul u al alues. The ph aseological composi ion o he
language clea ly e lec s his wo ld iew, he hough s and way o li e o he people.
Ph aseologies, as s able uni s o language, e lec he li es yle, psychology, and
his o ical expe ience o a na ion [6:92].
Soma ic ph aseologies a e ph aseological uni s con aining he names o pa s
o he human body, which a e an impo an sou ce o s udying he cogni i e
models and concep ual ield o he popula ion. A compa a i e analysis o he
seman ic and concep ual ea u es o soma ic ph aseological uni s in English and
Ka akalpak languages is o g ea impo ance no only linguis ically, bu also
cul u ally [2:39].
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Soma ic ph aseologisms a e ixed uni s in ol ing lexemes ela ed o human
body pa s, such as "head/bas," "hand/qol," "eye/kóz," "hea /jú ek," and
" ongue/ il." They a e o en o med on he basis o me apho and me onymy and
exp ess he hough s, emo ional s a es, men al ac i i y, o manne o ac ion o he
people [1:47].
As esea che s (A.V. Kunin, Sh. Balli, O. Espe son) ha e no ed, soma ic
uni s occupy a special place in ph aseological sys ems because he human body is a
uni e sal concep o hough s and eelings [3:108].
Soma ic ph aseological uni s a e di ided in o he ollowing ypes:
1. o indica e emo ional s a e:
o lose one's head - hawlıǵıw, ózin joǵal ıw.
jú egi lúpildep ke iw - qa ı olqınlanıw.
2. o indica e men al ac i i y:
o keep some hing in mind - es e saqlaw, bası isleydi - aqıllı, oylay ala uǵın
3. o ep esen a physical s a e and ac ion:
hand in hand - bi gelik e, (qoldı qolǵa be ip - oge he )
qolı je peydi - imkanı joq, isley almaw
In English and Ka akalpak, soma ic ph aseological uni s encompass a ious
seman ic ields. A seman ic ield is a ne wo k o wo ds ha sha e a common
seman ic p ope y o e e o a speci ic a ea o expe ience. The wo ds in a seman ic
ield a e ela ed concep ually, bu each has i s own speci ic meaning. The mos
ac i e seman ic ields a e concep s like head/bas, eye/koz, hand/qol, and hea /ju ek
[4:225].
1. Head (Bas)
o ha e a good head on one’s shoulde s - aqıllı bolıw.
bası isleydi - oylaydı, aqılı ba
o lose one’s head - bası aynalıw, ózin joǵal ıw, albı awshılıq.
2. Eye (Koz).
in he public eye - jámie i iba ında bolıw
kóz aldınan ke pew - yad an shıqpaw.
o keep an eye on – qadaǵalaw, kóz salıw
3. Hand (Qol)
o gi e a hand — já dem be iw
qolı je peydi — imkanı joq
o be in good hands — isenimli qolda bolıw, jaqsı qolda bolıw
4. Hea (Ju ek)
o lea n by hea — yadlap alıw, yadlaw
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jú egi awı ıw — qayǵı-hási e shegiw
o ha e a big hea — sahıy, meh iyban, jú egi keń adam.
As can be seen om hese examples, in bo h languages, indi idual quali ies,
emo ional s a es, and social ela ionships a e exp essed h ough body pa s.
Soma ic ph aseology exp esses he wo ld iew and cul u al he i age o he
people. Fo example, "head" is conside ed a cen e o hough and con ol in
English cul u e, while in he Ka akalpak language; "bas" is associa ed wi h a
pe son's inne s a e and in ellec . "Hea /bas" is pe cei ed as a cen e o eeling in
bo h languages. This is a uni e sal concep and occupies a cen al place in many
ph aseological uni s. Cul u al di e ences a e e iden in some idioms. Fo example,
" o ha e g een inge s" (ósimlik ósi iwge uqıplı bolıw) does no ha e a di ec
equi alen in he Ka akalpak language and should be gi en h ough desc ip i e
ansla ion.
In conclusion in bo h languages, soma ic ph aseological uni s a e impo an
linguis ic uni s exp essing he cogni i e model and na ional men ali y o he
popula ion. Al hough hey sha e many common concep s, some cul u al di e ences
a e e lec ed in he seman ic and s ylis ic aspec s o ph aseology.
Compa a i e analysis can lead o impo an scien i ic esul s in he ields o
ansla ion, linguocul u ology, and cogni i e linguis ics. S udying he seman ic and
concep ual ields o soma ic ph aseologies allows o a deepe unde s anding o
hei place in he wo ld iew o he people and hei signi icance in ansla ion
[5:84].
Re e ences
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