Co esponding au ho : Riswani
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Iden i ying ma ke ing p oblems and s a egies o he de elopmen o supe io ice
seed b eeding business in Ogan Kome ing Ili egency
Winnie Andhini 1, Muhammad Yazid 2 and Riswani 2, *
1 Depa men o Ag ibusiness, Facul y o Ag icul u e, S iwijaya Uni e si y, Palembang Ci y, Indonesia.
2 Depa men o Ag icul u al Social Economics, Facul y o Ag icul u e, S iwijaya Uni e si y, Palembang Ci y, Indonesia
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1338-1347
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 10 July 2025; e ised on 16 Augus 2025; accep ed on 18 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.2896
Abs ac
Supe io seed b eeding is one o he ood p oduc s ha has he oppo uni y o be de eloped in an ag ibusiness sys em.
The ag ibusiness sys em conce ns all ac i i ies in he ag icul u al sec o om p ocu emen o ma ke ing o p oduc s
p oduced by a ming businesses ha a e in e ela ed wi h each o he , in o he wo ds s a ing om he ups eam
indus y, a ming, downs eam indus y o dis ibu ion o consume s. This esea ch aims o iden i y he p oblems aced
in he p oduc ion and dis ibu ion o ice seeds in OKI Regency and o mula e a s a egy o he de elopmen o b eeding
supe io ice seeds in Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency. The selec ion o he esea ch loca ion used he pu posi e sampling
me hod, while he sample wi hd awal used non-p obabili y sampling by aking samples o b eede a me s in Bumi
Agung Village, Lempuing Dis ic , OKI Regency. The e a e 60 ice seed b eede s in his illage who we e pu posi ely
selec ed as a sample o his s udy. P ima y da a in his s udy was collec ed by means o a su ey using a ques ionnai e
and analyzed using da a educ ion and SWOT. The esul s o he s udy show ha he p oduc ion and dis ibu ion o
supe io ice seeds in OKI Regency is cons ained by limi ed access, une en dis ibu ion, and lack o coo dina ion
be ween ela ed pa ies, so ha he use o supe io seeds is no op imal. The business de elopmen s a egy o supe io
ice seed b eeding is in quad an I, namely ha ing a posi ion (S-O) o he seed b eeding business can u ilize in e nal
s eng hs o seize ex e nal oppo uni ies. An al e na i e s a egy ha can be applied is o op imize in e nal s eng hs,
namely a me expe ience, e ec i e managemen , and dis ibu ion ne wo ks ha ha e been es ablished, in o de o
ake ad an age o ex e nal oppo uni ies, such as inc easing ma ke demand and po en ial coope a ion wi h hi d
pa ies
Keywo ds: Ag ibusiness sys em; De elopmen ; P oduc ion and dis ibu ion; Supe io ice seeds; SWOT
1. In oduc ion
Seeds a e one o he main elemen s in ag icul u al cul i a ion. The selec ion o seeds will de e mine he p oduc ion and
quali y o ag icul u al commodi ies. Wi h such a s a egic ole o seeds, he go e nmen includes seeds as one o he
main elemen s in ealizing ood so e eign y. The e a e h ee main componen s needed in e o s o build seed
independence in Indonesia, namely he de elopmen o new supe io a ie ies, he de elopmen o seed quali y, and
aspec s o hei use, bo h in e ms o dissemina ion and supe ision and con ol (1). One o he inc eases in ice
p oduc ion is in luenced by he use o seeds. The bigges con ibu ion in ice p oduc ion is he use o supe io seeds
compa ed o he applica ion o o he echnologies. This is because he ma ke ing cos o ce i ied seeds is ela i ely
cheape compa ed o he cos o p oducing e ilize s and o he s. Seed p oblems can be ca ied ou h ough b eeding
sou ce seeds on a me s' land.
The si ua ion in he ield shows ha he use o supe io seeds is s ill ela i ely limi ed. Mo e han 60 pe cen o he use
o ice seeds among he communi y comes om he in o mal sec o , namely in he o m o g ain se aside om pa o
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he p e ious season's ha es which is ca ied ou epea edly (2). One o he sac ed ood commodi ies in sol ing ood
p oblems in Indonesia is ice. The numbe o people in Indonesia ends o inc ease om yea o yea . The e o e, he
demand o ice is ge ing bigge along wi h he inc ease in he popula ion in Indonesia. Fo his eason, se ious e o s
a e needed o main ain na ional and household ood secu i y. E o s o inc ease ice p oduc ion o main ain ice sel -
su iciency ace a ious p oblems. These p oblems a e in he o m o physical, biological and socioeconomic obs acles.
To o e come hese p oblems, he go e nmen needs o ake policies in ice de elopmen in o de o achie e be e
esul s (3).
Sou h Suma a has s a ed os e ing and de eloping seed b eeding in e e y dis ic ha has he po en ial o de elop
seed b eede s, ei he om a me s/b eede s o seed p oduce s in he o m o indi iduals o legal en i ies and
go e nmen agencies. To ensu e he pu i y o he quali y p oduced, i is necessa y o ca y ou ce i ica ion. Seed
ce i ica ion is he p ocess o making quali y and ce i ied seeds, om applica ion o label ins alla ion. The pu pose o
seed ce i ica ion is o ensu e physiological, physical and gene ic quali y and p o ide quali y seeds on a con inuous basis
supe ised by he Seed Supe ision and Ce i ica ion Cen e o Food C ops and Ho icul u e (4)
Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency is one o he ice seed p oduce s in Sou h Suma a a e Ogan Kome ing Ulu Timu . The
ole o ice seed p oduce s is impo an in he p o ision o ce i ied seeds in he Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency a ea. The
ce i ica ion p ocess in main aining seed quali y is no easy, so p oduc ion is s ill cons ained in mee ing seed
p oduc ion a ge s in Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency (OKI). The use o supe io seeds a he a me le el is s ill low, his is
due o se e al ac o s, including he limi ed a ailabili y o sou ce seeds, limi ed sou ce seeds, limi ed numbe o seed
p oduce s o b eede s, a me s' access o supe io seeds is e y limi ed, and lack o applica ion o supe io seeds.
Resea ch by (1) iden i ied a ious p oblems in he p oduc ion and dis ibu ion o ice seeds in Sou h Suma a, including
OKI Regency. The s udy no ed ha he main obs acles include limi ed access o supe io seeds, lack o coo dina ion
be ween go e nmen agencies and b eede s, and challenges in imely dis ibu ion. In addi ion, e a ic wea he ac o s
also a ec seed p oduc ion. In addi ion, he e is a lack o p ope coo dina ion be ween he go e nmen , p oduce s,
ma ke s, and consume s ha make i di icul o ob ain seeds o supe io a ie ies.
Supe io seed b eeding is one o he ood p oduc s ha has he oppo uni y o be de eloped in an ag ibusiness sys em.
The ag ibusiness sys em conce ns all ac i i ies in he ag icul u al sec o om p ocu emen o ma ke ing o p oduc s
p oduced by a ming businesses ha a e in e ela ed wi h each o he , in o he wo ds s a ing om he ups eam
indus y, a ming, downs eam indus y o dis ibu ion o consume s. In o he wo ds, an ag ibusiness sys em is a
complex ne wo k ha in ol es a ious in e ela ed subsys ems o p oduce, p ocess, and dis ibu e ag icul u al
p oduc s. Thus, om he p oduc ion subsys em o he consume subsys em, each pa has an impo an ole in ensu ing
he smoo h and e icien o he en i e ag ibusiness p ocess (5).
Re e ing o he abo e explana ion, he p oblem ha can be seen is ha he sca ci y o supe io seed p oduc s ha
igge supe io seed b eeding mus be de eloped, he co ec implemen a ion o an ag ibusiness sys em is a s imulus
o de elop his seed b eeding ag ibusiness sys em. How o implemen he ag ibusiness sys em o ice plan b eede s in
Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency, so ha his ice seed b eede can con inue o un and can e en de elop and make Ogan
Kome ing Ili Regency a supe io seed p o ide ha is able o p o ide supe io seeds o he Ogan Kome ing Ili
Regency a ea and e en supply o he dis ic s.
2. Ma e ial and me hods
This esea ch was conduc ed in Bumi Agung Village, Lempuing Dis ic , Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency, Sou h Suma a
P o ince om Decembe 2024 o Feb ua y 2025. The loca ion o he esea ch was chosen pu posi ely wi h he
conside a ion ha Bumi Agung Village has b eede a me s who collabo a e wi h CV seed p oduc ion companies. UPB
Be kah Tani. This company is he la ges p oduce o ce i ied ice seeds in Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency. To ace he
ma ke ing p ocess o he seeds p oduced, his esea ch will also be ca ied ou a he loca ion whe e he seeds a e aded
and used. This esea ch will be ca ied ou using a su ey me hod. The su ey me hod is a esea ch me hod ha uses
samples aken om popula ions ha ha e he same cha ac e is ics as he cha ac e is ics o he popula ion. This su ey
me hod is ca ied ou by conduc ing di ec obse a ions a he esea ch loca ion. The sample wi hd awal in his s udy
used a non-p obabili y sampling me hod by aking b eede a me s in Bumi Agung Village, Lempuing Dis ic , OKI
Regency as sample a me s. The e a e 60 ice seed b eede s in his illage who we e delibe a ely pu posi ely selec ed
as a sample o his s udy.
The analysis me hod used is da a educ ion o sha pen, classi y, di ec , disca d he unnecessa y, and o ganize he da a
in such a way ha he conclusions o conclusions can inally be d awn and e i ied. Da a educ ion in his ac i i y was
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ca ied ou o selec he necessa y da a and documen s ela ed o he ac i i ies and p oblems o seed b eede s and he
impac hey caused. Fu he mo e, hese p oblems will be included in a SWOT analysis o assess s eng hs, weaknesses,
oppo uni ies, and h ea s in an e o o o e come exis ing p oblems. The SWOT ma ix can p oduce ou se s o
possible s a egic al e na i es. The s eps in compiling a SWOT ma ix diag am o ge 4 al e na i e s a egies a e as
ollows:
• Iden i y ele an ac o s o S eng hs , Weaknesses , Oppo uni ies , and Th ea s .
• C ea e a ques ionnai e ques ion ha asks esponden s o choose he ac o s hey conside mos ele an .
• Calcula e he pe cen age o each choice o each ques ion.
• Choose he ac o s wi h he highes pe cen age in each ca ego y (S eng hs, Weaknesses, Oppo uni ies, Th ea s) o
be included in he SWOT Ma ix.
• En e he ac o wi h he highes pe cen age in o he co esponding column in he SWOT ma ix. Each ac o will
be supplemen ed wi h i s pe cen age o show i s ela i e signi icance acco ding o esponden s.
• Using he SWOT Ma ix ha has been compiled o de elop SO (S eng hs-Oppo uni ies), WO (Weaknesses-
Oppo uni ies), ST (S eng hs-Th ea s), and WT (Weaknesses-Th ea s) s a egies.
3. Resul s and discussion
3.1. Iden i ica ion o P oblems in he P oduc ion and Dis ibu ion o Rice Seed B eede Fa me s in OKI egency
Rice seed p oduc ion is an ac i i y ha in ol es ice cul i a ion wi h he aim o p oducing high-quali y ice seeds o be
used in he nex ice plan ing. This p ocess equi es special a en ion in he selec ion o supe io ice a ie ies, land
managemen , e iliza ion, pes and disease con ol, and egula plan main enance in o de o p oduce heal hy seed
candida es ha a e ee om disease con amina ion.
In he ea ly s ages, a me s p epa e he land by clea ing he a ea o be plan ed and illage, such as plowing o hoeing.
A e ha , he supe io seeds ha ha e been selec ed a e sown, and he land is plan ed by plan ing ice di ec ly o using
ice seeds ha ha e been sown be o e. Plan main enance includes wa e ing, e ilizing, and pes and disease con ol
using pes icides o na u al ing edien s.
Du ing he g ow h p ocess, he quali y o p ospec i e ice seeds mus be main ained so ha hey a e no con amina ed
by pes s o diseases ha can damage he quali y o he p ospec i e seeds. In addi ion, a he ipening s age, a me s
mus pay a en ion o he igh ha es ime o ensu e ha he esul ing ice seeds ha e high g ow h po en ial. A e he
ice is ha es ed, he p ospec i e seeds mus be sepa a ed om he manu e, hen d ied and so ed o ensu e only quali y
p ospec i e seeds a e used. The p oduc ion p ocess o b eeding p ospec i e ice seeds is e y impo an because he
good quali y o seeds will a ec ag icul u al yields in he u u e. This ac i i y equi es good echnical knowledge and
ca e ul main enance so ha he p oduc ion o p ospec i e ice seeds can un e icien ly and p oduce quali y seeds. The
a e age p oduc ion o ice seed candida es by ice seed b eede s in OKI Regency is 15.63 ons pe yea .
The p ice o ice seeds in his s udy e e s o he selling alue o ice seed p oduc ion which is calcula ed based on uni s
pe kilog am. Rice seed b eede s usually sell hei p oduce o middlemen o in e media y ade s who buy he seeds o
be esold o o he a me s o e aile s. Be o e buying seeds, middlemen will assess he quali y o he ice seeds o e ed,
and his quali y will a ec he p ice o e ed. Fac o s ha de e mine he quali y o ice seeds include g ow h abili y, seed
size, seed cleanliness, and mois u e con en con ained in he seeds. High-quali y ice seeds a e usually p iced mo e
expensi e because hey ha e be e g ow h po en ial and p o ide mo e op imal yields o he a me s who g ow hem.
On he o he hand, low-quali y ice seeds, such as seeds ha a e con amina ed o ha e low g owing powe , will be p iced
cheape . The p ice o ice seeds can also be in luenced by o he ex e nal ac o s, such as he a ailabili y o seeds in he
ma ke , demand om a me s, and go e nmen policies ha suppo he a ailabili y and dis ibu ion o quali y ice
seeds. The a e age selling p ice o p ospec i e ice seeds pe kilog am in OKI Regency was eco ded a a ound Rp6,150,
which e lec s he local ma ke p ice ha applies o p ospec i e ice seeds ha a e o good quali y and eady o be
plan ed. This p ice can a y depending on he g owing season, he a ailabili y o seeds, and he gene al condi ions o
he ag icul u al ma ke .
In his s udy, p oblems in ice seed p oduc ion expe ienced se e al obs acles such as limi ed access o a me s o
supe io seeds. Supe io seeds ha e an impo an ole in inc easing p oduc i i y and c op quali y. Howe e , in Ogan
Kome ing Ili Regency (OKI), access o supe io seeds is s ill e y limi ed. This is due o se e al ac o s, such as he
ela i ely high p ice o seeds, he lack o adequa e in o ma ion o a me s ega ding he exis ence and bene i s o
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supe io seeds, and limi ed dis ibu ion ha eaches emo e a eas. Resea ch shows ha his limi a ion causes a me s
o s ill use a lo o local seeds wi h lowe p oduc i i y, esul ing in less han op imal c op yields (6). This is in line wi h
p e ious esea ch ha shows ha high seed p ices a e a signi ican ba ie o he adop ion o supe io seeds (7).
Resea ch by Cha ac e iza ion o ice a ming sys ems, p oduc ion cons ain s and adop ion o imp o ed a ie ies (Na u e)
con i ms ha educa ion and ex ension a e key in inc easing he adop ion o supe io a ie ies (8).
In a ce i ied ice seed ma ke ing, he e is a ma ke ing channel ha aims o deli e p oduc s un il hey each he end
consume . In his s udy, CV. UPB Be kah Tani buys g ain ha es ed by a me s o Rp6,300/Kg and p ocesses i in o ice
seeds ha ha e passed he ce i ica ion p ocess by UPTD BPSBTPH Sou h Suma a P o ince. Fo ade s in he
ma ke ing channel, his esea ch was ob ained by snowball sampling echnique.
The ce i ied seeds a e hen dis ibu ed o e aile s, namely ag icul u al s alls a ound OKI Regency. In addi ion, he e
a e also seeds ha a e dis ibu ed o wholesale s i s be o e eaching e aile s and inally eaching consume s. Seed
sales a e also ca ied ou di ec ly om p oduce s o consume s.
CV. UPB Be kah Tani also has an e-ca alog used by he go e nmen o dis ibu e ce i ied ice seed assis ance o a me s.
Based on he esul s o in e iews wi h he company's admin, he go e nmen ha p o ided assis ance was om he
Minis y o Ag icul u e, he p o incial ag icul u e o ice, and also he dis ic ag icul u e o ice. The dis ic s ha ha e
ecei ed assis ance om he go e nmen a e Ogan Ili , Mua a Enim, P abumulih, and Ogan Kome ing Ulu Timu . Fo
a me g oups ha ecei e ce i ied ice seed assis ance, namely a me g oups p oposed by local ag icul u al ex ension
o ice s.
Ma ke ing ce i ied ice seeds is e y impo an because quali y seeds a e a key ac o in inc easing ag icul u al
p oduc i i y. Ce i ied seeds ha e gone h ough quali y es ing by au ho ized ins i u ions, so hey ha e high g ow h
powe , esis ance o pes s, and o he supe io p ope ies. One o he main p oblems in he ma ke ing o ce i ied ice
seeds in OKI Regency is he low in e es o a me s, which is caused by a lack o unde s anding o he bene i s o ce i ied
seeds. Mos a me s s ill ely on p e iously ha es ed seeds because hey a e conside ed cheape , easy o ge , and a e
used o using. Fa me s ha e no ealized ha ce i ied seeds ha e be e quali ies, such as high g ow h powe , esis ance
o pes s, and maximum yield po en ial. In addi ion, he ela i ely high p ice o ce i ied seeds is a majo obs acle,
especially o smallholde s wi h limi ed capi al, so a me s a e eluc an o swi ch o ce i ied seeds e en hough he
long- e m bene i s a e mo e a o able.
Ma ke ing channel o ce i ied ice seeds in OKI Regency, Lempuing Dis ic , Ogan Kome ing Ili Regency p oduced by
CV. UPB Be kah Tani has ou ma ke ing channels as ollows.
Figu e 1 CV Ma ke ing Channel Pa e ns. UPB Be kah Tani
Based on Figu e 4.1. indica es ha he i s ma ke ing channel (I) desc ibes di ec dis ibu ion om p oduce s o
consume s wi hou in ol ing in e media ies so ha p oduce s ha e ull con ol o e p ices and cus ome expe ience,
as well as highe p o i ma gins due o no p o i sha ing wi h dis ibu o s. The ice seeds p oduced by he manu ac u e
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a e s aple seeds wi h a pu ple label colo packaged a 5 Kg/Sack. P oduce s sell ce i ied ice seeds o consume s o
Rp17,000/Kg o Rp85,000/Sak.
The second ma ke ing channel (II) desc ibes he mechanism o dis ibu ing ice seeds om p oduce s di ec ly o
a me s h ough e-ca alogs o de ed by he go e nmen as aid seeds om he go e nmen o a me s. In his sys em,
he go e nmen buys quali y ice seeds om egis e ed p oduce s h ough he o icial e-ca alog pla o m, hen
dis ibu es hem as assis ance o bene icia y a me s. This scheme allows ansac ions o ake place anspa en ly and
moni o ed, a oiding he p ac ice o p ice ma k-up by in e media ies. The e-ca alog also makes i easie o he
go e nmen o con ol he quali y, quan i y, and dis ibu ion o seeds, while ensu ing ha assis ance is on a ge . In he
e-ca alog, p oduce s sell seeds o IDR 14,000/Kg o IDR 70,000/Sak.
The hi d ma ke ing channel (III) desc ibes he dis ibu ion o ce i ied ice seed p oduc s om p oduce s h ough
e aile s, namely ag icul u al s alls be o e inally eaching a me s. These e aile s ac as in e media ies who sell he
p oduc s o he end consume , namely a me s. P oduce s sell seeds o e aile s o IDR 15,000/Kg o IDR 75,000/Sak.
Then he end consume buys i a a p ice o IDR 18,000/Kg o IDR 90,000/sak. Tha way, he p ice o ce i ied ice seeds
is ge ing highe because o he p o i ma gin o e aile s.
The ma ke ing channel (IV) is a dis ibu ion chain in ol ing h ee laye s o business ac o s, namely ce i ied ice seed
p oduce s, wholesale s wi h a seed pu chase p ice o IDR 14,000/Kg o IDR 70,000/Sak, and e ail ade s wi h a seed
pu chase p ice o IDR 16,400/Kg o IDR 82,000/Sak, be o e inally he p oduc eaches consume s a IDR 19,000/Kg o
IDR 95,000/Sak. On his channel, p oduce s i s sell seeds in la ge olumes o wholesale s, who hen dis ibu e hem
o e ail ade s in smalle olumes. Re ail ade s e en ually sell he seeds a e ail o he end consume . This pa e n
is common in he seed ma ke because i allows o a wide sp ead o he p oduc . Howe e , each s age o dis ibu ion
adds o he ma ke ing ma gin, so he p ice a he consume le el is usually highe han he manu ac u e 's p ice.
Based on he esul s o he in e iew wi h CV. UPB Be kah Tani said ha he a ie y o seeds p oduced depends on he
demand o a me s. The seeds p oduced by CV. UPB Be kah Tani in 2024, namely ice seeds o Mekongga, Cihe ang,
Ciliwung, Inpa i 32, Inpa i 42, Inpa i 47, IR Nu i Zinc, and PB-42 a ie ies wi h he same selling p ice.
Timely dis ibu ion o ice seeds is ano he challenge aced in OKI Regency. Ex ensi e geog aphical condi ions and
une en in as uc u e make he dis ibu ion o seeds o emo e a eas di icul and ime-consuming. Poo ly o ganized
dis ibu ion sys ems and lack o logis ical suppo a e also majo inhibi ing ac o s. Resea ch shows ha delays in seed
dis ibu ion can dis up a me s' plan ing schedules, esul ing in dec eased p oduc i i y and c op yields (Sou h Suma a
Cen e o he Assessmen o Ag icul u al Technology and De elopmen , 2022). The e o e, imp o emen s in
dis ibu ion sys ems, including he use o in o ma ion echnology and inc eased logis ics capaci y, a e indispensable o
ensu e ha supe io seeds can each a me s on ime.
In addi ion o limi ed access and imeliness, he lack o coo dina ion be ween go e nmen agencies esponsible o seed
p oduc ion and b eede a me s is also a signi ican obs acle. P e ious esea ch has e ealed ha weak coo dina ion
causes ine iciencies in he seed p oduc ion p ocess, anging om a ie y selec ion, quali y con ol, o echnical
assis ance (Sou h Suma a Ins i u e o he Assessmen o Ag icul u al Technology and De elopmen , 2022). In OKI
Regency, his can be seen om he lack o communica ion and syne gy be ween he ag icul u e o ice, he seed cen e ,
and b eede a me g oups. As a esul , supe io seed p oduc ion canno un op imally and o en does no mee he
needs o a me s in he ield. Good coo dina ion is needed so ha he seed p oduc ion p og am can un e ec i ely and
sus ainably. Resea ch by Sa i e al. (2024) highligh s ha inadequa e dis ibu ion in as uc u e and coo dina ion
be ween s akeholde s a e he main ac o s ha hinde he equi able dis ibu ion o supe io seeds. This is also
ein o ced by he indings o Pe e sen e al. (2019) which show ha ma ke dis ance and limi ed dis ibu ion ne wo ks
educe a me s' access o quali y seeds.
3.2. S a egies o Alle ia e Dis ibu ion and P oduc ion P oblems in Seed B eeding
SWOT analysis is used o de elop he mos ele an solu ions o he p oblems aced in seed dis ibu ion and p oduc ion
in OKI dis ic . This analysis will iden i y in e nal and ex e nal ac o s ha can a ec he dis ibu ion and p oduc ion o
seed b eeding. The in e nal and ex e nal ac o s a e as ollows:
3.2.1. S eng h
The s eng h o seed b eeding is ha e ec i e managemen allows he en i e p oduc ion and dis ibu ion p ocess o un
in a s uc u ed and e icien manne . In addi ion, he in ol emen o expe ienced a me s is an added alue because
hey ha e a good unde s anding o seed cul i a ion echniques and a e able o o e come a ious echnical obs acles in
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1338-1347
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he ield. Ano he s eng h lies in he dis ibu ion ne wo k ha has been es ablished, so ha he dis ibu ion o seeds
can each a wide a ea and on ime, which in u n helps s eng hen he business posi ion in he seed ma ke .
3.2.2. Weaknesses
The weaknesses o seed b eeding a e limi ed esou ces including labo , capi al, and inadequa e p oduc ion echnology
acili ies. These limi a ions can slow down he p oduc ion p ocess and educe ope a ional e iciency. In addi ion, he
high dependence on one sou ce, be i in e ms o pa en seeds, business pa ne s, o ma ke ing, makes he b eeding
sys em p one o dis up ion i he e is a p oblem wi h he sou ce, so i is necessa y o di e si y esou ces and s a egic
pa ne s.
3.2.3. Oppo uni ies
Oppo uni ies in seed b eeding a e po en ial collabo a ions wi h o he companies ha can suppo aspec s o unding,
dis ibu ion, o p oduc ion echnology. Ma ke demand o supe io seeds also con inues o inc ease, bo h o local and
egional needs, p o iding p omising ma ke p ospec s. In addi ion, he special demand o disease- esis an ice seeds
is a po en ial niche ma ke ha can be wo ked on, especially i b eede s ha e he abili y o p o ide hese a ie ies on
an ongoing basis.
3.2.4. Th ea s
The h ea o seed b eeding is pes and disease a ack, which is one o he main isks ha can damage he quali y and
quan i y o seeds p oduced. In addi ion, s ic quali y con ol om egula o y agencies equi es b eede s o always
main ain high quali y s anda ds, which i no me can hinde he ci cula ion o seeds in he ma ke . Equally impo an ,
changes in policy o poli ical condi ions, such as shi s in go e nmen egula ions o p og ams, can also a ec he
sus ainabili y and s abili y o seed b eeding ac i i ies.
3.2.5. In e nal Fac o E alua ion (IFE) Analysis
The ma ix is used o summa ize and e alua e wha a e he main s eng hs and weaknesses in seed b eeding, and
p o ides a basis o iden i ying and e alua ing he ela ionships be ween hese unc ions (Dewi e al., 2022) . The esul s
o he IFE ma ix analysis a e p esen ed in able 1.
Table 1 IFE Ma ix Analysis
In e nal S a egy Fac o s
Weigh
Ra ing
Sco e
S eng h
1 E ec i e Managemen
0.20
3
0.61
2 Fa me Expe ience
0.19
4
0.78
3 Dis ibu ion Ne wo k
0.17
4
0.70
S eng h Sco e
2.08
Weaknesses
1 Lack o Resou ces
0.15
1
0.15
2 Technology is s ill simple
0.13
2
0.13
3 Dependence on a Single Sou ce
0.15
2
0.15
Weaknesses Sco e
0.43
Di e ence
1.65
Based on he IFE Ma ix Analysis, he esul s o he IFE ma ix analysis show ha he main s eng h ac o o seed
b eeding is he expe ience o a me s in seeding supe io seeds wi h a weigh ed sco e o 0.78. The main weakness ac o
o seed b eeding is he lack o esou ces which includes he amoun o labo and capi al which esul s in a weigh ed
sco e o 0.15.
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3.2.6. Ex e nal Fac o E alua ion (EFE) Analysis
The EFE ma ix is a p ocess o e alua ing ex e nal ac o s by iden i ying a ious oppo uni ies and h ea s ha can a ec
he business in he u u e Ramdani & Sup iya , (2018) . The esul s o he EFE ma ix analysis will be p esen ed in Table
2.
Table 2 EFE Ma ix Analysis
Ex e nal S a egy Fac o s
Weigh
Ra ing
Sco e
Oppo uni ies
1 Coope a ion wi h O he Companies
0.16
3
0.48
2 Ma ke Demand
0.16
4
0.64
3 Disease Resis an Rice Seeds
0.10
3
0.31
Oppo uni ies
1.43
Th ea h
1 Pes s and diseases
0.21
1
0.21
2 Quali y Con ol
0.18
2
0.36
3 Poli ical Change
0.19
2
0.38
Th ea h
0.95
Di e ence
0.48
Based on he EFE Ma ix Analysis, he esul s o he EFE ma ix analysis show ha he main oppo uni y ac o o seed
b eeding is ma ke demand wi h a weigh ed sco e o 1.43. Meanwhile, he main h ea ac o o seed b eeding is
poli ical change which esul s in a weigh ed sco e o 0.30.
3.2.7. Ma ching S ages o IFE En i onmen and EFE En i onmen Analysis Resul s IE (In e nal-Ex e nal) Ma ix
The esul s o da a p ocessing gi ing weigh alues o he IFE ma ix and EFE ma ix, ob ained a o al IFE sco e o 1.65
which is he alue on he x-axis and a o al EFE sco e o 0.48 which is he alue on he y-axis. F om he wo axis poin s,
he midpoin o he mee ing is ound in quad an II.
Figu e 2 Diag am SWOT
3.2.8. Ma ix o Al e na i e S a egies o Alle ia e P oblems in Seed B eeding
In de e mining al e na i e s a egies o alle ia e p oblems in seed b eeding, i is necessa y o pay a en ion o in e nal
and ex e nal ac o s in he o m o s eng hs, weaknesses, oppo uni ies and h ea s which a e ou lined in he o m o a
SWOT ma ix. The SWOT ma ix esul ed in 8 al e na i e s a egies. The p epa a ion o s a egies is adjus ed o he
esul s o he ex e nal in e nal ma ix which shows ha seed b eeding is in quad an I, which has a posi ion (S-O) seed
b eeding businesses can u ilize in e nal s eng hs o seize ex e nal oppo uni ies. The al e na i e s a egy ma ix is
o mula ed as ollows:
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Table 3 Al e na i e S a egy Ma ix
IFA
S
S eng h
E ec i e Managemen
The Fa me 's Expe ience
Dis ibu ion Ne wo k
Weakness
EFAS
Lack o Resou ces
Technology is s ill simple
Dependence on a single sou ce
Peluang
/Oppo uni y
S - O S a egy
Op imize dis ibu ion ne wo ks by s eng hening
coope a ion wi h o he companies and expanding
ma ke s h ough pa ne ships.
De eloping disease- esis an ice seeds by u ilizing
he expe ience o a me s.
W-O S a egy
Reduce dependence on one sou ce by
es ablishing coope a ion o di e si y business
pa ne s
Inc ease esou ces h ough aining and
unding om go e nmen coaching o mee
inc easing ma ke demand.
Coope a ion
wi h O he
Companies
Ma ke
Demand
Rice Seeds
Resis an o
Disease
Th ea
Pes s and
diseases
Quali y
Supe ision
Poli ical
Change
S – T S a egy
S eng hening dis ibu ion and p oduc ion
ope a ional managemen o ace poli ical changes
and educe he impac o s ic quali y con ol.
Supe io seed inno a ion by u ilizing a me s'
expe ience o he implemen a ion o in eg a ed
ag icul u al p ac ices o p e en pes and disease
a acks.
W-T S a egy
De elop in e nal esou ces so ha hey do no
depend on one pa y o deal wi h new poli ical
o egula o y changes.
Di e si y sou ces and s eng hen p oduc ion
quali y so ha i is no oo exposed o he isk
o quali y con ol and pes /disease a acks.
Based on he calcula ion o he In e nal-Ex e nal (IE) ma ix, he s a egy o o e come he p oblem o seed b eeding is
in quad an I, which u ilizes in e nal s eng hs o seize ex e nal oppo uni ies (S-O). So he al e na i e s a egy ha can
be applied is o op imize in e nal s eng hs, namely a me expe ience, e ec i e managemen , and es ablished
dis ibu ion ne wo ks, o ake ad an age o ex e nal oppo uni ies, such as inc eased ma ke demand and po en ial
coope a ion wi h hi d pa ies.
E ec i e managemen is c ucial in imp o ing p oduc ion and dis ibu ion e iciency, as suppo ed by esea ch om (9)
which shows ha good managemen can signi ican ly inc ease ag icul u al p oduc i i y. In addi ion, a me s'
expe ience is also an impo an asse in managing he p oduc ion o disease- esis an ice seeds, in acco dance wi h
he indings om a s udy by (10) which emphasizes he impo ance o a me s' p ac ical expe ience in he applica ion
o new ag icul u al echnologies. A s ong dis ibu ion ne wo k is also a compe i i e ad an age, as i acili a es ma ke
access and accele a es p oduc dissemina ion, as desc ibed in a s udy by (11) on he ole o dis ibu ion ne wo ks in he
success ul ma ke ing o ag icul u al p oduc s.
This s a egy is ealized h ough s eng hening coope a ion wi h o he companies and business pa ne s in o de o
expand ma ke access and accele a e seed dis ibu ion. In addi ion, a me s' expe ience and p o en managemen
sys ems a e u ilized o inc ease he capaci y and quali y o seed p oduc ion, especially disease- esis an ice seed
a ie ies, o mee e ol ing ma ke speci ica ions and needs.
Weaknesses iden i ied include limi ed echnological esou ces ha a e s ill simple and dependence on one seed sou ce
in he pa ne ship. This is in line wi h esea ch by (12) which shows ha echnological limi a ions can hinde inno a ion
and p oduc ion e iciency.
Oppo uni ies include coope a ion wi h o he companies, inc eased ma ke demand, and he g owing need o disease-
esis an ice seeds. Coope a ion wi h o he companies can expand he dis ibu ion ne wo k and s eng hen ma ke
posi ion, in acco dance wi h he esul s o esea ch by (13) which emphasizes he impo ance o collabo a ion in he
ag ibusiness sec o . In addi ion, disease- esis an ice seeds a e a much-needed inno a ion o imp o e ood secu i y, as
shown in he s udy by (14) which examined he e ec i eness o disease- esis an seeds in inc easing c op yields.
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The main h ea s aced a e pes s and diseases, s ic quali y con ol, and poli ical changes ha can a ec egula ions,
especially om he go e nmen . Pes s and diseases a e classic h ea s in ag icul u e ha can d as ically educe c op
yields, as explained by esea ch conduc ed by (15) in he impac o pes s and diseases on ag icul u al yields. S ic
quali y con ol can also be a challenge i no ollowed by imp o ed p oduc ion s anda ds, as ound by (16) who
p io i izes he impo ance o compliance wi h quali y egula ions. And uns able poli ical changes can a ec ag icul u al
policies and unding, as e ealed by (17) in his s udy on he impac o poli ics on he ag icul u al sec o .
4. Conclusion
The main obs acles aced in he p oduc ion and dis ibu ion o b eeding ice seeds in OKI Regency a e limi ed access o
a me s o supe io seeds caused by se e al ac o s, such as ela i ely high seed p ices, lack o adequa e in o ma ion o
a me s ega ding he exis ence and bene i s o supe io seeds, and limi ed dis ibu ion ha eaches emo e a eas.
Resea ch shows ha his limi a ion causes a me s o s ill use a lo o local seeds wi h lowe p oduc i i y, esul ing in
less han op imal c op yields. Then ano he p oblem is he imeliness o ice seed dis ibu ion aced in OKI Regency.
Ex ensi e geog aphical condi ions and une en in as uc u e make he dis ibu ion o seeds o emo e a eas di icul
and ime-consuming. Poo ly o ganized dis ibu ion sys ems and lack o logis ical suppo a e also majo inhibi ing
ac o s. In addi ion o limi ed access and imeliness, he lack o coo dina ion be ween go e nmen agencies esponsible
o seed p oduc ion and b eede a me s is also a signi ican obs acle. In OKI Regency, his can be seen om he lack o
communica ion and syne gy be ween he ag icul u e o ice, he seed cen e , and b eede a me g oups. As a esul ,
supe io seed p oduc ion canno un op imally and o en does no mee he needs o a me s in he ield.
The seed b eeding business is in quad an I, which is ha ing a posi ion (S-O), he seed b eeding business can ake
ad an age o in e nal s eng h o seize ex e nal oppo uni ies. An al e na i e s a egy ha can be applied is o op imize
in e nal s eng hs, namely a me expe ience, e ec i e managemen , and dis ibu ion ne wo ks ha ha e been
es ablished, in o de o ake ad an age o ex e nal oppo uni ies, such as inc easing ma ke demand and po en ial
coope a ion wi h hi d pa ies. In o de o suppo he de elopmen o supe io ice seed b eeding owned by a me s,
i is hoped ha he local go e nmen and ela ed ins i u ions can inc ease ins i u ional suppo h ough echnical
aining, access o capi al, and ease o seed ce i ica ion so ha b eede a me s a e mo e p o essional and independen .
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