Co esponding au ho : Julius A ose
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa s a e,
Nige ia
Julius A ose 1, *, Gi Nkeoma Onyinye Oka o 2, Nimi Adoki Diepi i 1 and Ba ine Hen y Dum-Joseph 1
1 Depa men o Building Technology School o Seconda y Educa ion (Technical), Fede al College o Educa ion (Technical),
Omuoku, Ri e s S a e, Nige ia.
2 Depa men o Voca ional and Technology Educa ion, Facul y o Educa ion Nige Del a Uni e si y, Wilbe o ce Island,
Bayelsa s a e, Nige ia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1526-1531
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 10 July 2025; e ised on 20 Augus 2025; accep ed on 22 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.2993
Abs ac
This s udy is on quali y con ol ools o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e wi h he aim o
de e mining whe he he use o check shee as a quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e building p ojec s deli e y in
Bayelsa S a e. The popula ion o he s udy was 188, consis ing o 83 building p o essional lec u e s in e ia y
ins i u ions and 105 building p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies in Bayelsa S a e. The s udy
adop ed desc ip i e su ey design. Ques ionnai e was used o collec needed da a om he esponden s. Mean and
s anda d de ia ion we e used o analyze he collec ed da a, while - es s a is ics was used o es he hypo hesis.
Findings e ealed ha check shee as a quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
Resul also showed ha he e was no signi ican di e ence in he mean esponse sco es o building cons uc ion
p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and
au ho i ies on check shee as quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
The e o e, i was concluded ha check shee is a quali y con ol ool o e ec i e building p ojec deli e y. Based on he
indings, i was ecommended ha building p o essionals be encou aged o adop and implemen he use o check shee s
as quali y con ol ools o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
Keywo ds: Building; P o essional; Quali y; Quali y Con ol; Check Shee
1. In oduc ion
The cons uc ion indus y is as old as when man needed shel e o p o ec him agains he e ec o clima ic elemen s
and o p o ec his belongings. The indus y is saddled wi h he esponsibili y o p o iding quali y building p ojec s o
i s ci izen y. Acco ding o [2], he cons uc ion indus y is a c ucial sec o o he de elopmen o a coun y’s economy
sys em. The cons uc ion indus y p o ides cons uc ion ela ed se ices and cons uc ion ela ed p oduc s and
ma e ials. The indus y is a e y i al sec o ha cons uc s buildings and oads ha connec communi ies, p o ide jobs,
and imp o e he socie y [16]. The indus y comp ises a wide ange o ac i i ies in ol ing designs, planning, epai s,
main enance, cons uc ion, demolishing o buildings, ci il enginee ing wo ks, mechanical and elec ical enginee ing
wo ks. The cons uc ion indus y is made o a ious p o essionals anging om he Builde s, A chi ec s, Town Planne s,
Quan i y Su eyo s, Land Su eyo s, Es a e Value s, Elec ical Enginee s, Mechanical Enginee s, Ci il Enginee s e c.
Cons uc ion as a concep e e s o he a , manne and p ocess o designing, main aining and de eloping he na u al
and physical buil en i onmen . I en ails he designing o a s uc u e as well as b inging oge he o necessa y
equi emen o he building o ha s uc u e. Cons uc ion wo k in ol es he ins alla ion and assembling o a ious
p ojec ac i i ies on si e in acco dance wi h app o ed designs, me hods and speci ica ions. Acco ding o [17],
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1526-1531
1527
cons uc ion is he a and science o o m objec , sys em o o ganiza ion and i co e s he p ocesses in ol ed in
deli e ing building, in as uc u e, indus ial acili ies and associa ed ac i i ies. These p ocesses s a wi h planning,
inancing and designing; and con inue un il he asse is buil and eady o use. Since cons uc ion p ojec s a e e y
complex in na u e, i makes he indus y suscep ible o dispu es, delays and los . Tha is why; i is pa amoun o pu in
place measu es o con ol he cons uc ion p ocess.
Building plays c i ical ole in he well-being o mankind. E e y a ional human being looks o a place o li e in o he o
ca y ou hei day- o-day ac i i ies. Thus, building p ojec s a e e y impo an in he economic de elopmen o any
coun y. [3] opined ha 10 20% o he o e all economic ac i i ies in a na ion is ca ied ou in a building and i is he
bigges ixed asse . The ques o own a building is no only he basic need o humani y bu also show he s anda d o
li ing in a socie y. A building is a commodi y ha is seen as a angible asse wi h po en ial e u ns. I can be buil as a
esiden ial, comme cial and indus ial s uc u e ha p o ides shel e , sa e y and wa m h as well as p o iding a place
o es o man. The p o ision o quali y building o human is a cla ion call and a necessi y o all and sund y. Since
mos o man’s ac i i ies canno be unde aken ou doo , hen i became e y necessa y o mankind o ha e a place called
house o enable him ca y ou his day- o-day ac i i ies. F om he o egoing, a building acco ding o [4], is an
en i onmen al en elope ha modi ies he na u al o ex e nal en i onmen o p oduce a sa is ac o y in e nal
en i onmen .
Howe e , he incessan building collapse in he coun y and ac oss he globe is an eye opene on he need o du able
building cons uc ion p ojec s and his is nonnego iable demand ha p o essionals in he building cons uc ion indus y
mus make a ailable o hei ci izens. Thus, du abili y in building cons uc ion is one aspec in he cons uc ion indus y
ha is e y impo an . Acco ding o [8], quali y is among he c i ical ac o s in he o une o building p ojec s. I is he
deg ee o ex en o which a p ojec wo k may ma ch wi h se ou s anda ds and equi emen s. Quali y can also be seen
as he deg ee o which an objec o en i y in e ms o p ices, p oduc s, o se ices sa is y a speci ied se o a ibu es o
equi emen s [16]. The quali y o a cons uc ion p ojec means he abili y o he p ojec o main ain s anda d in e ms
o pe o mance, g ade, du abili y, appea ance and he in ended pu pose. Quali y in building cons uc ion p ojec
ensu es sa e y o wo ke s, occupan s and he gene al public. Building cons uc ion wo k ha lack quali y, can lead o
acciden s, inju ies o e en dea h. Quali y building p ojec educes he need o equen main enance and epai
ac i i ies whe eby sa ing ime and cos in he long un. Cus ome sa is ac ion is also one key hing ha quali y o
building p ojec s p o ides and which also inc eases i s alue. In an a emp o achie ed quali y o building p ojec s in
he cons uc ion indus y, i is pe inen ha quali y con ol mechanisms need o be pu in place in o he o achie e
quali y building p ojec s in o de o educe subs anda d p ojec s in he buil en i onmen s.
Quali y con ol as a concep in ol es ac i i ies ha help o p o ide objec i es du ing p ojec cons uc ion. Quali y
con ol is he p ocess o moni o ing p ojec ac i i ies in o he o ensu e compliance wi h speci ica ions and s anda d o
egula o y bodies and also educing poo pe o mance and cos equi emen du ing p ojec cons uc ion. Acco ding o
[15], quali y con ol measu es a e inc easingly needed o e ec i e p ojec deli e y in he cons uc ion indus y. [5]
also epo ed ha quali y con ol is he main ac i i y and me hod used in he cons uc ion p ocess o sa is y quali y
equi emen s. I is he p ocess h ough which cons uc ion i ms seek o ensu e ha he quali y o p ojec wo k is
main ained o imp o ed. Quali y con ol sys em is aimed a ensu ing ha inal p oduc o he p ojec wo k mee
s anda d and guidelines laid down by egula o y bodies. The sys em is o as ack he quali y imp o emen o p oduc s
and se ices in he building cons uc ion sec o [10]. Quali y con ol p ocedu es in he cons uc ion indus y in ol es
he inspec ion o building ma e ials and equipmen , es ing o cons uc ion ma e ials and echniques, and moni o ing
he wo kmanship o wo ke s wo king on cons uc ion si es in o de o ensu e ha de ec s a e iden i ied and ec i ied
du ing cons uc ion p ocess. The goal o quali y con ol du ing p ojec wo k is o p o ide good quali y p oduc s, sa e
and du able p oduc s ha sa is ied clien ’s equi emen s and also complies wi h he cons uc ion indus y s anda d. I
is impe a i e o adop quali y con ol measu es o ools o e ec i e p ojec deli e y [1], since he ools a e bene icial
o imp o ing p oduc ion, elimina ing e o s and making in o ma ion a ailable abou he a ious s ages o sa is y
clien s. They a e also e y c ucial in ensu ing sa e y, cos sa ing, du abili y, clien sa is ac ion and compliance wi h
egula o y bodies. Quali y con ol ools used in he building cons uc ion indus y include check shee s, ishbone
diag ams, low cha s, sca e diag ams, con ol cha s, his og ams and Pa e o cha s.
Check shee o check lis is a e y e ec i e and easy quali y con ol ool commonly used in he building cons uc ion
indus y o ensu e ha he ac i i ies in he cons uc ion p ocess a e in compliance wi h speci ica ion and s anda d. I is
a well-s uc u ed and p epa ed measu e o collec ing and analyzing da a in building cons uc ion p ojec . I is a gene ic
o m o da a collec ion and analysis ha can be used in he cons uc ion indus y. This quali y con ol ool is also called
a ally shee . I is a speci ically a anged da a ha enables he use o eco d da a easily. While using his quali y con ol
ool, da a a e assembled and in eg a ed on he check shee o eco d he equency o a gi en si ua ion du ing he da a
collec ion p ocess [11]. They a e easy o unde s and and apply, gi e a clea pic u e o he si ua ion and condi ion o any
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1526-1531
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building p ojec . They a e use ul ools o he iden i ica ion o challenges in he building sec o . Check shee s inco po a e
a ious da a o imp o e he p ojec quali y con ol p ocess [14]. This ool is also e y use ul when planning
main enance jobs; audi ing a main enance sys em, wo k sampling, o eman job desc ip ion e c. They a e e y use ul in
measu ing aul s o di e ence ypes, loca ion o he aul and he cause o he aul [9]. Quali y inspec ion ac i i ies a e
easily unde aken by he use o check shee . They a e design o check and e i y compliance wi h building codes,
egula ions and p ojec speci ica ion. Moni o ing he quali y o ma e ials and equipmen used in a gi en p ojec becomes
easy wi h aid o check shee . Sa e y du ing building cons uc ion wo k is pa amoun and check shee s can be used o
gua an ee sa e y p o ocols. In he implemen a ion o sa e y p ocedu es and he main enance o sa e wo king
en i onmen du ing cons uc ion p ocess, he check shee is e y impo an in con olling quali y du ing building
p ojec cons uc ion. They also help in p o iding s uc u ed me hod in documen ing quali y con ol ac i i ies ha can
be used o p ojec inspec ion, es and o he e i ica ions ca ied ou du ing he p ojec wo k. Check shee s a e e y
e sa ile quali y con ol ool in he building cons uc ion indus y ha can be ailo ed o achie ing di e en objec i e
du ing he cons uc ion p ocess.
The building cons uc ion indus y in Nige ia is a e y as indus y and also e y complex in na u e. The indus y is
saddled wi h he esponsibili y o p o iding habi able buildings o all and sund y bu he e a e nume ous challenges
con on ing he sec o . The ask o making a ailable du able buildings o all he ci izen y o Nige ia has no come in o
ui ion owing o he o e whelming issues in he sec o . In he building cons uc ion indus y, educing o elimina ing
de ec s du ing he cons uc ion p ocess in o de o p oduce and deli e quali y building p ojec s is c i ical. Acco ding
o [6], he key o being compe i i e lies in he ques o exceed clien s’ needs and desi es and also making a ailable
cus ome s equi emen , a quali y p oduc a low cos on ime and e e y ime. Quali y con ol is a key ac o o he
success and g ow h o any indus y and he ac ha he li e span o a building p ojec passed h ough di e en s ages,
s a ing om he concep ual s age o he comple ion s age and o main enance and epai s s ages, called o he need o
employed quali y con ol measu es. The quali y o he building p ojec is linked wi h good quali y con ol p ocess in all
he phases o he building li e span [7]. Quali y con ol as a ma e o ac is a c i ical a ea o building p ojec deli e y by
ensu ing ha cons uc ion p ocesses and inal p ojec wo ks a e in compliance wi h laid down s anda ds and
equi emen s. Howe e , e ec i e implemen a ion o quali y con ol measu es in building p ojec deli e y p ocess is
saddled wi h a ious obs acles, o ins ance, lack o s anda diza ion, in eg a ion o echnology, aining and educa ion,
communica ion and collabo a ion, cos and esou ce cons ain and egula o y compliance. The inabili y o e ec i ely
implemen quali y con ol measu es du ing p ojec wo ks in he building cons uc ion indus y has occasioned in he
loss o cus ome s, loss o quali y o p ojec , loss o compliance wi h s anda ds, loss o inno a ion, inc ease in
cons uc ion cos , delay in p ojec deli e y da e, poo esou ce alloca ion, poo ma e ial selec ion, imp ope planning,
schedule and ac i i y de ini ion, imp ope eco d keeping and documen a ion, ine ec i e leade ship and con ol and as
such, quali y con ol measu es become essen ials ools o e ec i e building p ojec deli e y. This he e o e,
p edisposes a s udy o in es iga e quali y con ol ools o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e,
wi h he objec i e o de e mine whe he he use o check shee as a quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e building
p ojec s deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
The null hypo hesis o mula ed o guide he s udy s a es ha : he e is no signi icance di e ence in he mean esponse
sco es o building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in
minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies espec i ely on check shee s as a quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e
building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
2. Me hodology
2.1. The s udy adop ed analy ical desc ip i e su ey design.
The popula ion o he s udy comp ised 188 building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions o
lea ning and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men , and au ho i ies. The popula ion o he s udy
comp ised 105 building cons uc ion p o essionals in Bayelsa S a e minis ies, depa men and au ho i ies and 83
building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions in Bayelsa S a e espec i ely. The s udy he e o e
adop ed census su ey. S uc u ed ques ionnai es we e used o ob ain da a om he esponden s. The esponse op ions
on a 4-poin s Like a ing scale we e s ongly ag ee (SA), ag ee (A); disag ee (D), and s ongly disag ee (SD). A o al o
188 copies o ques ionnai es we e adminis e ed o he esponden s in Nige Del a Uni e si y, Fede al Uni e si y,
O uoke, Bayelsa S a e Minis y o Land, Housing and U ban De elopmen , Bayelsa S a e Minis y o Wo ks and
In as uc u e and Bayelsa S a e Physical Planning and De elopmen Boa d. Mean and s anda d de ia ion we e used o
analyze he collec ed da a. A mean esponse sco e o 2.50 was used as he c i e ia sco e on a 4-poin a ing scale o
decision making. Thus, a ques ionnai e i em wi h a mean esponse sco e equal o and abo e 2.50 was conside ed high
pe cep ion and a ques ionnai e i em wi h a mean pe cep ion sco e below 2.50 was conside ed low pe cep ion. The null
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1526-1531
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Hypo hesis was es ed using - es o wo independen a iables a 0.05 le el o signi icance. Thus; i - calcula ed alue
was g ea e han -c i ical alue, he null hypo hesis o no signi ican was ejec ed bu i he - calcula ed alue was less
han - c i ical alue, he null hypo hesis o no signi ican was accep ed.
3. Resul s and Discussion
3.1. Mean Response
The esul s in Table 1 e ealed ha he mean esponse sco es o each i em s a emen s o building cons uc ion
p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions on check shee as a quali y ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec
deli e y in Bayelsa S a e, we e 3,40, 3.29, 3.40, 3.42, 3.41, and 3.51, while he mean esponse sco es o each i em
s a emen s o building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies espec i ely in Bayelsa
S a e we e 3.46, 3.43, 3.54, 3.40, 3.37 and 3.38
Table 1 Mean esponse sco es on check shee as a quali y con ol ool o e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa
s a e
S/N
I ems s a emen
Building P o essional
Lec u e s (BLP)
Building P o essional in
MDA
Check-shee as a quali y con ol ool
enhances e ec i e build
deli e y by helping in;
N
X1
SD1
Rema k
N
X2
SD2
Rema k
1
The egula Quali y Inspec ions a Va ious
S ages o Cons uc ion
83
3.40
0.65
Ag eed
105
3.46
0.81
Ag eed
2
The e i ica ion o compliance wi h
Building codes, Regula ions and P ojec
speci ica ion.
83
3.29
0.76
Ag eed
105
3.43
0.68
Ag eed
3
The moni o ing o quali y condi ions o
cons uc ion ma e ials.
83
3.40
0.65
Ag eed
105
3.54
0.56
Ag eed
4
Ensu ing sa e y p o ocols du ing
cons uc ion wo ks
83
3.42
0.64
Ag eed
105
3.40
0.66
Ag eed
5
The documen a ion o quali y con ol
ac i i ies.
83
3.41
0.63
Ag eed
105
3.37
0.70
Ag eed
6
T acking he ac i i ies o quali y con ol
83
3.51
0.64
Ag eed
105
3.38
0.76
Ag eed
G and Mean esponse sco es and S anda d
De ia ion
3.41
0.66
Ag eed
3.43
0.70
Ag eed
X= mean, SD = S anda d De ia ion, N= (To al numbe o esponden s) BPL = Building P o essional Lec u e , MDA=Minis ies, Depa men s and
Au ho i ies, c i e ion sco e = 2.50
The mean esponse sco es o he wo g oups o building cons uc ion p o essionals we e abo e he mean c i e ion
esponse sco e o 2.50, which indica ed ha , he wo g oups o building cons uc ion p o essionals ag eed ha all he
i em s a emen s o check shee we e quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa
S a e. Also, he g and mean esponse sco es o 3.41 and 3.43 o building cons uc ing p o essional lec u e s in e ia y
ins i u ion and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies espec i ely was also
abo e he c i e ion sco e o 2.50. This means ha , check shee as a quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e building
p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e. This inding is in line wi h [14], who main ained ha check shee quali y con ol ool
inco po a es a ious da a o imp o e he quali y con ol p ocess o building cons uc ion ac i i ies o e ec i e p ojec
deli e y.
In addi ion, he s anda d de ia ion esul o 0.66 and 0.70 o bo h building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in
e ia y ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies we e close,
indica ing homogenei y in he esul s.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1526-1531
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3.2 Hypo hesis Tes
HO1: The e is no signi ican di e ence in he mean esponse sco es o building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in
e ia y ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis y depa men and au ho i ies espec i ely on he
use o check shee as quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
Table 2 T- es o signi ican di e ence be ween he mean esponse sco es o building cons uc ion p o essional
lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies on
check shee as quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e
Responden s
N
X
SD
DF
Le el o
Signi icance
-cal
-c i ical
Decision
Building P o essional Lec u e
83
3.41
0.66
186
Signi ican
Di e ence
0.05
0.20
2.00
HO1
Accep ed
Building P o essional in Minis y,
Depa men and Au ho i ies
105
3.43
0.70
The esul in Table 2 e ealed ha he calcula ed - alue o 0.20 was less han he c i ical - alue o 2.00 a 0.05
p obabili y le el wi h 186 deg ees o eedom. Thus, he null-hypo hesis was he e o e accep ed. This implied ha he e
was no signi ican di e ence in he mean esponse sco es o building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in e ia y
ins i u ions and building cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men s and au ho i ies espec i ely on check
shee as quali y con ol ool o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e. Tha is, i was accep ed
by he wo g oups o building cons uc ion p o essionals ha check shee as a quali y con ol ool enhances e ec i e
building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
This inding is consis en wi h he wo k o [13], who explained ha check shee quali y con ol me hod was e y
e ec i e o he inspec ion o quali y o p oduc on si e du ing execu ion phases and also imp o ing he quali y o
building p ojec . The indings we e also in ag eemen wi h [12], who epo ed ha check shee quali y con ol helps in
he assembling and in eg a ion o da a o be e p ojec s inspec ion.
4. Conclusion
Findings om he s udy showed ha building cons uc ion p o essional lec u e s in e ia y ins i u ions and building
cons uc ion p o essionals in minis ies, depa men and au ho i y esponded ha check shee is a quali y con ol ool
o enhancing e ec i e building p ojec deli e y in Bayelsa S a e.
Recommenda ions
Based on he indings, he ollowing ecommenda ions we e made
• Go e nmen and S akeholde s should encou age building cons uc ion p o essionals o adop and implemen
check shee as an e ec i e quali y con ol ool o building p ojec deli e y.
• Go e nmen and non-go e nmen al o ganiza ions should ain and de elop building cons uc ion
p o essionals o enhance hei skills and knowledge on he use o check shee as quali y con ol ool o e ec i e
building p ojec deli e y.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
Re e ences
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