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The e ec o physical exe cise in ensi y on i ness pe o mance in he spo s
communi y
P iya Yoga P adana *, Dwi Lo y Junia isca, Idzam Kholid Akba , Ghulam Zaky Ismail Feb yansah Gilang A is
P adana, Yogiswa a Anug ah Pamungkas and Boby Ade Se iawan
Physical Educa ion, Heal h and Rec ea ion, PSDKU, Uni e si as Nege i Su abaya, Indonesia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1611-1615
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 10 July 2025; e ised on 20 Augus 2025; accep ed on 22 Augus 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.2.3029
Abs ac
This s udy aims o de e mine he e ec o physical exe cise in ensi y on he i ness pe o mance o membe s o a spo s
communi y in G esik. The physical exe cise pe o med by spo s communi ies a ies in e ms o in ensi y, du a ion, and
equency. Using a quan i a i e su ey app oach, his s udy in ol ed 120 esponden s om i e di e en spo s
communi ies in G esik. Da a we e collec ed using a Like -scale ques ionnai e ha measu ed exe cise in ensi y (ligh ,
mode a e, hea y) and physical i ness pa ame e s. The esul s o a linea eg ession analysis showed a posi i e and
signi ican e ec be ween physical exe cise in ensi y and i ness pe o mance (R2=0.62, p<0.05). This inding indica es
ha sys ema ically p og ammed inc eases in exe cise in ensi y can imp o e he i ness o spo s communi ies in G esik.
I is ecommended ha spo s communi ies de elop exe cise p og ams ha conside in ensi y as a p ima y ac o in
achie ing op imal i ness.
Keywo ds: Physical Exe cise In ensi y; Fi ness Pe o mance; Spo s Communi y; Su ey
1. In oduc ion
Physical exe cise is an ac i i y designed o imp o e an indi idual's physical i ness and heal h. In he spo s communi y,
exe cise is pe o med ou inely, bu no all o i pays a en ion o aining p inciples such as in ensi y, equency, and
p og ession. Exe cise in ensi y plays a c ucial ole in in luencing physiological and psychological adap a ions o
exe cise, which ul ima ely impac i ness pe o mance (Kenney, Wilmo e, and Cos ill, 2019). Se e al p e ious s udies
ha e shown ha mode a e- o-high-in ensi y exe cise signi ican ly impac s ca dio espi a o y capaci y and muscle
s eng h (Ga be e al., 2011; ACSM, 2020). Howe e , he e has been limi ed esea ch speci ically e alua ing how
a ia ions in exe cise in ensi y a ec aspec s o physical i ness in he spo s communi y, pa icula ly in Indonesia.
Physical i ness is he body's abili y o pe o m daily asks e icien ly o a ela i ely long pe iod o ime wi hou causing
undue a igue. The e a e i e basic ounda ions o i ness: ca dio ascula endu ance, muscula s eng h, muscula
endu ance, lexibili y, and body composi ion. Se e al ac o s ha in luence physical i ness include gene ics (he edi y),
age, gende , exe cise, smoking habi s, and nu i ional s a us (A andi Ahmad, Mi ah Az in, 2019). Exe cise habi s
signi ican ly in luence physical i ness, especially he in ensi y, equency, and du a ion o exe cise.
Making exe cise a habi is e y help ul in imp o ing i ness, and some posi i e aspec s o exe cise habi s can help
channel hei exp ession (Ilyas, 2020). Physical exe cise is a body mo emen ca ied ou by muscles in a planned,
s uc u ed, and epe i i e manne ha in ol es he use o ene gy o imp o e i ness. Regula exe cise has bene icial
e ec s on heal h, especially helping o educe and p e en a ious ca dio ascula diseases, me abolic synd ome
diso de s, and os eopo osis (Elsa Yunia i, 2015). Physical condi ion is a pe son's abili y o achie e op imal exe cise
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1611-1615
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goals. Exe cise esul s also a y depending on he ou ine and p oduc i i y when aining he body physically. The mo e
ac i e one is in physical exe cise, he highe he p oduc i i y and i ness o a pe son (Se ia and Wina no, 2021). A
pe son's physical i ness is g ea ly in luenced by spo s ac i i ies and hese ac i i ies also play a di ec ole in i ness
composi ion. Spo s ac i i ies mus be app op ia e o he age o he pe son doing hem, including he ype o ac i i y,
sa e y p ecau ions, and equipmen used. Spo s ac i i ies should no be done ca elessly, bu mus be done wi h he
co ec ules and echniques (Pu a, 2021). Physical i ness in child en and adolescen s is conside ed he mos
impo an indica o o heal h and psychological ou comes and is designed as an in eg a ed measu e o ca dio espi a o y
i ness, lexibili y, muscula i ness, and body composi ion.
Fu he mo e, low physical i ness du ing childhood can be de imen al o adolescen heal h in bo h he sho and long
e m (Muhammad A i uddin Nu Lu illah, 2020). Success in imp o ing physical i ness depends on he equency,
in ensi y, and du a ion o exe cise. Exe cising 3-5 imes pe week o 20-60 minu es can signi ican ly imp o e a pe son's
physical i ness. I 's also impo an o no e ha he in ensi y o he exe cise should be 60-90% o maximum hea a e.
The condi ions and in ensi y o he exe cise a e also adjus ed o he goals and ype o exe cise. Exe cise du a ion o
i ness and weigh loss p og ams ypically las s 20-60 minu es (Gilang Nua i and Mega Widya, 2016).
Based on he abo e conside a ions, his s udy aims o answe he ques ion: Does physical exe cise in ensi y a ec
physical i ness pe o mance in spo s communi ies? Using a su ey me hod, his s udy is expec ed o p o ide empi ical
unde s anding o he ela ionship be ween exe cise in ensi y and i ness, as well as se e as a ounda ion o he
de elopmen o mo e s uc u ed communi y exe cise p og ams.
2. Me hod
This esea ch is a quan i a i e s udy wi h a co ela ional su ey app oach. The esea ch design aims o iden i y he
in luence be ween he a iables o physical exe cise in ensi y (X) and physical i ness pe o mance (Y). The popula ion
in his s udy we e ac i e membe s o i e spo s communi ies in he ci y o G esik, wi h a o al o 120 people. The
sampling echnique used pu posi e sampling based on he ollowing c i e ia: (1) ac i ely pa icipa ing in aining o a
leas he las 3 mon hs, and (2) aged 18–45 yea s. The numbe o samples used was 120 people.
The da a collec ion ins umen used a Like -scale ques ionnai e (1–5), consis ing o wo pa s
• Physical Exe cise In ensi y: equency, du a ion, and le el o exe cise load based on pa icipan pe cep ion
( e e ing o he Bo g Ra ing o Pe cei ed Exe ion guidelines).
• Fi ness Pe o mance: sel - epo s o endu ance, muscula s eng h, agili y, and lexibili y, alida ed wi h
baseline i ness measu emen s on a subse o esponden s (n=30) as a e i ica ion subsample.
Validi y es s we e conduc ed using Pea son P oduc Momen ( > 0.30) and eliabili y using C onbach's Alpha (α =
0.87). Da a we e analyzed using desc ip i e s a is ics and simple linea eg ession wi h he help o SPSS e sion 25. The
signi icance alue is se a α = 0.05.
3. Resul s
The majo i y o esponden s (60%) ollowed mode a e-in ensi y, 25% high, and 15% low-in ensi y exe cises. A e age
i ness pe o mance was highe in he g oup wi h high exe cise in ensi y. Based on da a om 120 esponden s om
i e spo s communi ies in G esik Ci y, he dis ibu ion o physical exe cise in ensi y is as ollows:- 60% o esponden s
pa icipa ed in mode a e-in ensi y exe cises, - 25% pa icipa ed in high-in ensi y exe cises, and-15% we e low-
in ensi y.
The high-in ensi y exe cise g oup showed highe a e age i ness pe o mance han he o he g oups.
3.1. Reg ession Analysis
The esul s o he linea eg ession show ha
• The alue o he de e mina ion coe icien (R²) = 0.62, meaning ha 62% o he a ia ion in i ness pe o mance
can be explained by he in ensi y o he exe cise.
• The signi icance alue (p) = 0.000 < 0.05, indica es a signi ican ela ionship.
• Reg ession equa ion: Y = 25.3 + 0.78X
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1611-1615
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In e p e a ion:- Value R² = 0.62 means ha 62% o he a ia ion in i ness pe o mance can be explained by he in ensi y
o physical exe cise.- A alue o p = 0.000 indica es ha he ela ionship be ween exe cise in ensi y and i ness is
s a is ically signi ican .- The posi i e eg ession coe icien (0.78) indica es ha o e e y one uni inc ease in exe cise
in ensi y, he i ness pe o mance sco e inc eases by 0.78 poin s.
Table 1 Composi ion o Responden s' Exe cise In ensi y
Ca ego ies Exe cise In ensi y
Numbe o Responden s
Pe cen age (%)
Low
18
15%
Keep
72
60%
Tall
30
25%
To al
120
100%
Table 2 A e age Fi ness Pe o mance Based on Exe cise In ensi y
Exe cise In ensi y
Fi ness Pe o mance (A e age Sco e)
In o ma ion
Low
Rela i ely low
-
Keep
Keep
The majo i y o he sample
Tall
Highe
Op imal
Table 3 Resul s o Linea Reg ession Analysis
Pa ame e
Nilai
Ke e angan
Koe isien De e minasi (R²)
0,62
62% a iabel Y dijelaskan oleh X
Nilai signi ikansi (p)
0,000 < 0,05
Signi ikan
Pa ame e
Value
In o ma ion
Coe icien o De e mina ion (R²)
0,62
62% o he a iable Y is explained by X
Signi icance alue (p)
0.000 < 0.05
Signi ikan
Reg ession equa ions
Y = 25.3 + 0.78X
Y = i ness pe o mance, X = exe cise in ensi y
3.2. Conclusion o he Analysis
• The in ensi y o physical exe cise has a signi ican and posi i e e ec on he physical i ness pe o mance o
membe s o he spo s communi y.
• The highe he in ensi y o exe cise (p o ided i is ca ied ou sys ema ically and acco ding o he p inciples o
aining), he be e he i ness achie emen .
• These indings ein o ce p e ious li e a u e ha mode a e- o high-in ensi y exe cise is s uc u ed e ec i ely
in imp o ing endu ance, muscle s eng h, agili y, and lexibili y.
4. Discussion
The esul s o his s udy consis en ly show ha he in ensi y o physical exe cise has a signi ican in luence on physical
i ness pe o mance. These indings ein o ce a basic heo y in spo s physiology ha places in ensi y as one o he main
a iables in aining p inciples, in addi ion o equency, du a ion, and ype o exe cise. Mode a e o high in ensi y
exe cise is known o p oduce s onge physiological s imuli in he ca dio espi a o y, neu omuscula , and me abolic
sys ems. When he in ensi y o he exe cise eaches a ce ain h eshold, he body will expe ience adap a ion in he o m
o an inc ease in VO2 max (maximum oxygen consump ion capaci y), inc eased muscle endu ance, muscle con ac ion
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1611-1615
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s eng h, and imp o emen s in agili y and lexibili y. This adap a ion occu s as he body seeks o adjus o a highe
wo kload h ough homeos asis and supe compensa ion mechanisms (Kenney e al., 2019; ACSM, 2020).
In addi ion, Bompa and Ha (2009) emphasize ha mode a e o high in ensi y exe cise s imula es he eac ion o
anabolic ho mones such as es os e one and g ow h ho mone, which play an impo an ole in muscle issue o ma ion
and eco e y. The e o e, in spo s communi ies ha implemen ed s uc u ed exe cise a an app op ia e in ensi y,
imp o emen s in physical i ness ended o be mo e no iceable han hose who only did ligh o spo adic exe cise.
Howe e , i is impo an o unde s and ha high in ensi y also comes wi h isks, especially i i is no accompanied by
eco e y and measu ed aining load managemen . Too high a aining load wi hou enough es ime can lead o ch onic
a igue (o e aining synd ome), dec eased pe o mance, and e en musculoskele al inju ies. This isk is pa icula ly
ele an in spo s communi ies ha do no ha e p o essional coaches o adequa e moni o ing sys ems. To maximize
esul s wi hou sac i icing heal h, he exe cise pe iodiza ion app oach becomes c ucial. Pe iodiza ion is he p ocess o
sys ema ically egula ing he in ensi y, olume, and ype o exe cise o e a ce ain pe iod o ime. Wi h good
pe iodiza ion, he spo s communi y can each peak pe o mance a he igh ime, while minimizing a igue and inju y
(Bompa and Ha , 2009).
In he con ex o he spo s communi y in Indonesia, he implemen a ion o in ensi y-based aining is o en no based
on scien i ic pa ame e s such as hea a e zone o RPE (Ra ing o Pe cei ed Exe ion). The e o e, he esul s o his
s udy a e e y impo an o encou age he spo s communi y o be mo e awa e o he impo ance o measu ing exe cise
in ensi y, bo h h ough subjec i e (such as he Bo g scale) and objec i e ins umen s (hea a e moni o s o pe iodic
i ness es s).
O e all, his s udy makes a eal con ibu ion o he de elopmen o e idence-based communi y aining p og ams,
whe e in ensi y is used as he main e e ence in compiling i ness modules. This is e y ele an in encou aging an
ac i e and heal hy li es yle in he communi y, as well as inc easing he e ec i eness o he spo s communi y as a means
o os e ing achie emen and gene al i ness.
5. Conclusion
Based on he esul s o da a analysis and discussion, i can be concluded ha he in ensi y o physical exe cise has a
signi ican in luence on physical i ness pe o mance in membe s o he spo s communi y in G esik Ci y. The highe he
in ensi y o planned and sys ema ic exe cises, he g ea e he posi i e impac on imp o ing i ness componen s such as
ca dio ascula endu ance, muscle s eng h, agili y, and lexibili y.
The eg ession equa ion ob ained (Y = 25.3 + 0.78X) showed ha any inc ease in he le el o exe cise in ensi y di ec ly
con ibu ed o an inc ease in physical i ness sco e. These indings a e in line wi h he p inciples o mode n physical
exe cise ha place in ensi y as one o he main componen s in he o ma ion o physical pe o mance.
Ne e heless, i is impo an o emembe ha excessi ely high exe cise in ensi y wi hou p ope managemen can lead
o excessi e a igue, inju y, o e en dec eased mo i a ion. The e o e, i is necessa y o apply he p inciple o
pe iodiza ion and eco e y so ha he bene i s o exe cise can be achie ed op imally wi hou he isk o nega i e e ec s.
In gene al, his s udy p o ides s ong empi ical e idence ha planning and execu ing exe cise wi h p ope in ensi y in
mind is key o imp o ing he physical i ness o membe s o he exe cise communi y.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
The e is no con lic o in e es ega ding he publica ion o his pape . All au ho s ha e con ibu ed signi ican ly o he
concep ion, design, analysis, and w i ing o he manusc ip .
S a emen o in o med consen
In o med consen was ob ained om all indi idual pa icipan s included in he s udy.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(02), 1611-1615
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