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Impac o in e p o essional educa ion on he a i udes and
clinical skills o medical and nu sing s uden s: A quasi-
expe imen al s udy
Saeideh Da yazadeh 1 , Zah a Amouzeshi 2*
1Depa men o Medical Educa ion, Medical Educa ion Resea ch Cen e , Is ahan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Is ahan, I an
2Depa men o Nu sing, School o Nu sing and Midwi e y, Bi jand Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Bi jand, I an
A icle in o Abs ac
In oduc ion
E e y membe o he heal hca e eam b ings hei unique
expe ise o pa ien ca e. Collabo a ion and
communica ion wi hin he eam a e essen ial o
p o iding e ec i e ca e [1]. Tha said, he Wo ld Heal h
O ganiza ion has iden i ied In e p o essional Educa ion
(IPE) as an e ec i e app oach o p omo ing
collabo a i e eamwo k and imp o ing heal hca e
deli e y [2, 3]. IPE e e s o a collabo a i e lea ning
p ocess whe e s uden s om di e se heal hca e
disciplines engage in sha ed educa ional expe iences.
Such lea ning is enac ed collabo a i ely wi hin he
con ex o pa ien ca e [4] and should be a c ucial
elemen o educa ion in disciplines such as medicine and
nu sing [1]. An IPE in e en ion occu s when
p o essionals om a ious heal h o social ca e ields
pa icipa e in in e ac i e lea ning ac i i ies oge he . The
main goal is o enhance in e p o essional collabo a ion
and imp o e he heal h and well-being o pa ien s o
clien s. This ype o lea ning in ol es ac i e
pa icipa ion and exchanges among lea ne s om a ious
p o essions [5].
IPE encou ages s uden s o cul i a e a posi i e a i ude
owa d collabo a ing wi h a ious heal hca e
p o essionals. I helps hem unde s and and espec he
unique oles and esponsibili ies o hei colleagues,
leading o be e se ice deli e y and ewe medical
e o s [5]. IPE se es as a undamen al elemen in
building a s ong and lexible heal hca e wo k o ce. I
A icle his o y:
Recei ed 6 Oc . 2024
Accep ed 30 Ma . 2025
Published 14 Ap . 2025
Da yazadeh e al. J Med Edu De . 2025; 18(1): 23-31 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen
Backg ound & Objec i e: In e p o essional educa ion is widely ecognized as a undamen al
app oach o os e ing collabo a i e eamwo k and enhancing heal hca e deli e y. This s udy
examined he impac o an in e p o essional educa ion p og am on he a i udes and clinical
skills o medical and nu sing s uden s in su ge y wa ds.
Ma e ials & Me hods: This quasi-expe imen al s udy used a single g oup, p e- and pos - es
design. Ten 3-hou In e p o essional educa ion sessions we e held in he su ge y wa d o 10
small g oups o medical and nu sing s uden s (n = 42). P e es s and pos es s we e adminis e ed
using a checklis o e alua e he s uden s' clinical skills in d essing eplacemen . Fu he mo e,
he a i udes o bo h g oups o s uden s owa d in e p o essional educa ion we e assessed wi h
a alid and eliable ques ionnai e ollowing he educa ional in e en ion. Da a we e analyzed
in SPSS so wa e using chi-squa e, - es , and Mann-Whi ney U es s.
Resul s: A signi ican di e ence was obse ed in he mean sco es o d essing eplacemen
skills be ween medical and nu sing s uden s be o e and a e he in e en ion (p < 0.001). The
Mann-Whi ney U es indica ed ha he e was no signi ican di e ence in he mean sco es o
a i udes in he wo domains o in e ac ion-o ien edness (p = 0.733) and p o essional
compliance (p = 0.764).
Conclusion: The indings o his s udy sugges ha in e p o essional educa ion can e ec i ely
enhance he clinical skills o bo h medical and nu sing s uden s, he eby p omo ing be e
pa ien ca e. I is c ucial o os e a posi i e a i ude among lea ne s and educa o s h ough
aining p og ams o maximize he e ec i eness o in e p o essional educa ion.
Keywo ds: a i udes, in e p o essional educa ion, s uden s, clinical skills
*Co esponding au ho :
Zah a Amouzeshi, Depa men o
Nu sing, School o Nu sing and
Midwi e y, Bi jand Uni e si y o
Medical Sciences, Bi jand, I an.
Email: [email protected]
O iginal A icle
How o ci e his a icle:
Da yazadeh S, Amouzeshi Z. Impac
o in e p o essional educa ion on he
a i udes and clinical skills o medical
and nu sing s uden s: A quasi-
expe imen al s udy. J Med Edu De .
2025; 18(1): 23-31.
[ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.23 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-11-26 ]
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24 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
c ea es a posi i e en i onmen and boos s mo i a ion o
collabo a ion among heal h p o essionals, he eby
playing a c ucial ole in de eloping human esou ces ha
can p o ide e icien and esponsi e ca e [6] . Mo eo e ,
medical educa o s a e inc easingly ecognizing he
signi icance o in eg a ing IPE in o hei cu icula [2].
This emphasis a ises om he unde s anding ha soli a y
p o essional iden i y o ma ion, de oid o IPE exposu e,
can hinde e ec i e collabo a ion wi hin he complex
dynamics o he pa ien ca e eam and pose challenges
o u u e p o essional ajec o ies [1].
Ine ec i e collabo a ion be ween physicians and nu ses
can esul in lowe -quali y pa ien ca e, educed job
sa is ac ion, and inc eased ea men cos s. The e o e,
IPE is a i al pa o heal hca e educa ion, especially o
nu sing and medical s uden s [7]. Hence, e ec i e IPE
implemen a ion is expec ed o educe medical e o s,
boos pa ien sa is ac ion, and ul ima ely culmina e in
imp o ed pa ien ca e ou comes [3].
In eg a ing IPE in o medical science cu icula is essen ial
o ensu ing pa ien sa e y [8]. Resea ch highligh s IPE's
e ec i eness in p omo ing in e p o essional hinking,
pa ien -cen e ed ca e, sha ed knowledge, and imp o ed
mu ual unde s anding [1]. Resea ch on he e ec i eness
o IPE shows ha i posi i ely a ec s eamwo k and
communica ion skills among pa icipan s [1, 9, 10].
S udies on IPE in clinical se ings unde sco e i s c i ical
ole in imp o ing communica ion, eamwo k, and,
ul ima ely, pa ien ca e and sa e y [4, 11]. A Bes
E idence Medical Educa ion (BEME) guide suppo s
hese indings, highligh ing IPE's impac on lea ne
a i udes and lea ning [8]. Al hough he e is ample
e idence suppo ing IPE, i emains unde ecognized and
is no e ec i ely u ilized in educa ional ins i u ions
wi hin he coun y [12]. IPE can imp o e a i udes
owa d eamwo k and collabo a ion, po en ially leading
o be e pa ien ca e pos -g adua ion. Howe e , he
op imal iming o in oducing medical s uden s o IPE
emains a ma e o deba e [13]. This in es iga ion was
mo i a ed by a pe cei ed lack o IPE in ou uni e si y's
su ge y wa d. Gi en he documen ed bene i s o IPE and
he pauci y o esea ch examining i s e icacy in clinical
se ings, his in es iga ion aimed o assess he impac o
IPE on he clinical skills and a i udes o medical and
nu sing s uden s.
Ma e ials & Me hods
Design and se ing(s)
This quasi-expe imen al s udy used a single g oup, p e-
and pos - es design a Bi jand Uni e si y o Medical
Sciences in I an om 21 Ap il 2022 o 22 July 2022. I
is impo an o no e ha andom selec ion o s uden s was
no possible, as hey had al eady been assigned o
app en iceship g oups by he acul y.
Pa icipan s and sampling
The s udy popula ion comp ised all medical and nu sing
s uden s in he clinical phase o hei espec i e p og ams
who we e willing o pa icipa e. I is impo an o no e
ha s uden s who we e absen o mo e han one day
we e excluded om he s udy. Addi ionally, eigh
nu sing s uden s op ed no o pa icipa e. A o al o 42
s uden s we e ec ui ed using he census me hod (Figu e
1).
Tools/Ins umen s
The demog aphic in o ma ion o m collec ed da a on
pa icipan s' age, gende , ield o s udy, and GPA.
A d essing eplacemen skill checklis was c ea ed based
on a s anda d nu sing ex book o e alua e s uden skills
be o e and a e he IPE in e en ion. This checklis
consis ed o 16 dicho omous i ems (yes/no, 1/0),
co esponding o he p ocedu al s eps o d essing
eplacemen . Each i em was sco ed as ei he co ec o
le blank. The o al sco e o each s uden anged om 0
o 20 o acili a e easie in e p e a ion and analysis.
Con en alidi y was es ablished h ough expe e iew
by en clinical nu sing and medical acul y membe s
om he su ge y wa d. To con i m he ace alidi y o
he checklis , i was adminis e ed o 20 nu sing s uden s.
Tes - e es eliabili y o he d essing eplacemen skill
checklis was assessed using Pea son’s co ela ion
coe icien o e a wo-week in e al ( = 0.55, p = 0.011,
n = 20), indica ing a mode a e le el o empo al s abili y
o he ool.
Medical and nu sing s uden s comple ed a ques ionnai e
o assess hei a i udes owa d IPE ollowing he
educa ional in e en ion. We u ilized he A i udes o IPE
Ques ionnai e, which had been p e iously ansla ed in o
Pe sian in Soh abi e al.'s s udy, whe e i s alidi y and
eliabili y we e con i med [14]. We e e enced his s udy
in ou a icle. In he Soh abi e al. s udy, he o iginal 15-
i em ins umen was ansla ed in o Pe sian and
unde wen a psychome ic e alua ion o con i m i s
con en , s uc u e, and cons uc alidi y, as well as i s
in e nal consis ency and es - e es eliabili y. Ten
pa icipan s and 10 expe s assessed con en alidi y and
con en alidi y index; cons uc alidi y was e alua ed
using explo a o y ac o analysis. Acco ding o he
impac i em sco e abo e 1.5, he index o con en alidi y
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Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 25
o 0.62, and he con en alidi y index o 0.7, 12
ques ions we e p ese ed. Based on explo a o y ac o
analysis, 12 i ems we e kep in scale. The inal
ques ionnai e consis ed o 12 i ems ha pa icipan s
esponded o using a 5-poin Like scale, anging om
"comple ely ag ee" o "comple ely disag ee." The
ques ionnai e i ems ocused on wo p ima y cons uc s:
in e ac ion-o ien edness (8 i ems) and p o essional
compliance (4 i ems). The eliabili y o he a i ude scale
was es ablished by compu ing he s abili y coe icien
(Spea man’s ρ = 0.92) and in e nal consis ency
(C onbach’s ά = 0.866) [14].
Figu e 1. Flow cha o he s udy
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26 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
Da a collec ion me hods
The educa ional in e en ion was deli e ed h ough an
IPE p og am in eg a ed in o he o mal cou sewo k.
Clinical acul y membe s om bo h medicine and
nu sing, who a e esponsible o he unde g adua e
cu icula in he su gical wa d, we e b ough oge he o
discuss he a ionale o implemen ing IPE. A
comp ehensi e analysis o common essen ial
compe encies/skills wi hin he su gical con ex was
conduc ed, d awing upon bo h medical and nu sing
cu icula. Pa icipan s we e asked o iden i y a
undamen al skill ha is essen ial o all s uden s. Due o
a p e e ence o skills ha a e eadily a ainable, he
d essing eplacemen skill was chosen as he selec ed
compe ency.
P io o he in e en ion, a b ie ing session was
conduc ed o amilia ize s uden s wi h he concep o
IPE. Be o e he s a o he IPE aining sessions, a
p e es was adminis e ed o e alua e s uden s’ d essing
eplacemen skills using a manikin. The assesso was a
senio nu sing g adua e who had expe ience wo king in
he su gical depa men . Ten small g oups we e o med,
each comp ising ou o i e nu sing (consis ing o eigh h
semes e nu sing s uden s) and medical s uden s
(consis ing o ou h and six h yea medical s uden s) in
clinical phases who we e willing o pa icipa e in he
s udy. A mas e 's deg ee in nu sing wi h su gical wa d
expe ience and a su gical chie esiden se ed as
men o s o hese lea ning coho s. Be o e he
in e en ion, o ensu e p ope skill ans e by s uden s in
bo h g oups, medical s uden s unde wen a ge ed
aining in his o y- aking unde he men o ship o he
su gical chie esiden . Nu sing s uden s aining in
d essing eplacemen began wi h an ins uc ional ideo,
ollowed by guided p ac ice unde he supe ision o a
men o . Each g oup o medical and nu sing s uden s was
hen assigned wo pa ien s, o whom hey we e
esponsible du ing hei clinical aining, wi h o e sigh
om a supe iso .
E o s we e made o ensu e ha nu sing s uden s we e
p esen while medical s uden s ook he pa ien s'
his o ies. Simila ly, medical s uden s we e p esen when
nu sing s uden s changed he d essings. The p og am
spanned wo weeks, encompassing en h ee-hou
sessions conduc ed in he su ge y wa d be ween 8:00
AM and 11:00 AM. This ime ame allowed o
concu en skill aining and pa ien ca e. A e he
in e en ion, he s uden s’ d essing eplacemen skills
we e ee alua ed using he same checklis on he
manikin. One by one, s uden s en e ed he es ing oom
and we e asked o d ess a wound on a hand mannequin.
The obse e , who was a senio nu se wi h clinical
expe ience, assessed hei skills using a checklis .
Addi ionally, s uden s comple ed he a i ude
ques ionnai e upon p og am conclusion.
Da a analysis
Because he da a did no ollow a no mal dis ibu ion,
non-pa ame ic es s we e used o da a analysis. The
Wilcoxon es was employed o compa e he mean sco es
o d essing eplacemen skills be o e and a e he
in e en ion, while he Mann-Whi ney es was used o
compa e he in e p o essional a i ude mean sco es
be ween medical and nu sing s uden s. Da a analysis was
conduc ed using SPSS e sion 23.
Resul s
The s udy sample consis ed o 42 s uden s (54.8%
emale, n = 23; 45.2% male, n = 19), wi h a mean age o
23.9 ± 3.03 yea s (Table 1). The esul s o he s a is ical
es s indica ed no signi ican di e ences be ween
medical and nu sing s uden s ega ding he a iables
analyzed (age, gende , and GPA), demons a ing ha he
g oups we e homogeneous (p > 0.05).
Table 1. Demog aphic cha ac e is ics o he s uden s (n = 42)
Va iables
n (%)
Sex
Male
19 (45.2)
Female
23 (54.8)
Field o s udy
Nu sing
15 (35.7)
Medical
27 (64.3)
Age (yea s) mean ± SD
23.9 ± 3.03
GPA mean ± SD
16.6 ± 0.90
Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; SD, s anda d de ia ion; GPA, g ade
poin a e age.
A signi ican di e ence was obse ed in he mean sco es
o d essing eplacemen skills (ou o 20) be o e and
a e he in e en ion (p < 0.001) (Table 2, Figu e 2).
Table 2. Compa ison o mean sco es o d essing
eplacemen skill be o e and a e he in e en ion
Skill
assessed
Be o e he
in e en ion
A e he
in e en ion
Sig.
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
D essing
eplacemen
skill
10.7 ± 3.49
16.8 ± 1.71
Z = 5.6,
p < 0.001
No es: Wilcoxon was used o compa e mean sco es o he d essing eplacemen
skill be o e and a e he in e en ion
Abb e ia ions: SD, s anda d de ia ion; Sig., s a is ical signi icance.
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: Impac o in e p o essional educa ion on he a i udes and clinical skills o medical and nu sing
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Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 27
Figu e 2. Compa ison o mean sco es o he d essing eplacemen skill be o e and a e he in e en ion
The mean sco es o d essing eplacemen skills in bo h
medical and nu sing s uden s we e signi ican ly highe
a e he IPE in e en ion compa ed o be o e (p <
0.001). Addi ionally, a signi ican di e ence was
obse ed in he mean sco es o d essing eplacemen
skills be ween medical and nu sing s uden s bo h be o e
and a e he in e en ion (p < 0.001), wi h nu sing
s uden s achie ing highe mean sco es han hei medical
coun e pa s. In e ms o a i udes, he mean sco e o he
domain o in e ac ion-o ien edness was 36.1 ± 2.61 o
medical s uden s and 36.0 ± 2.66 o nu sing s uden s.
Fo he domain o p o essional compliance, he mean
sco es we e 17.0 ± 1.60 o medical s uden s and 16.7 ±
1.53 o nu sing s uden s. The esul s o he Mann-
Whi ney U es indica ed ha bo h g oups we e simila ,
wi h no signi ican di e ences obse ed in he mean
sco es o a i udes in he domains o in e ac ion-
o ien edness and p o essional compliance (Table 3).
Table 3. Compa ison o in e p o essional a i ude mean sco es
be ween medical and nu sing s uden s
S uden s’
a i ude
S uden g oup
Sig.
Medical
s uden s
Nu sing
s uden s
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
In e ac ion
o ien a ion
36.1 ± 2.61
36.0 ± 2.66
p = 0.733*
Z = 0.3
P o essional
compliance
17.0 ± 1.60
16.7 ± 1.53
p = 0.764*
Z = 0.3
O e all sco e
53.2 ± 3.72
52.8 ± 4.03
p = 0.859*
Z = 0.1
No es: * Mann-Whi ney was used o compa e he in e p o essional a i ude mean
sco es in medical and nu sing s uden s
Abb e ia ions: SD, s anda d de ia ion; p, p obabili y- alue
Discussion
This s udy sough o de e mine he impac o an IPE
p og am on he clinical skills and a i udes o medical
and nu sing s uden s. The esul s showed ha he mean
d essing eplacemen skill sco e in bo h g oups o
s uden s inc eased signi ican ly a e he IPE
in e en ion. These indings suppo he e ec i eness o
he IPE p og am in enhancing d essing eplacemen
skills. The esul s demons a ed a signi ican di e ence
in mean sco es be ween he wo g oups o s uden s bo h
be o e and a e he in e en ion. No ably, nu sing
s uden s demons a ed highe baseline mean sco es,
po en ially a ibu able o p io exposu e o ela ed
compe encies and inc eased p ac ical expe ience. While
nu sing s uden s main ained a pe o mance ad an age
a e he in e en ion, he dispa i y be ween g oups was
lessened, highligh ing he IPE p og am’s pa icula
bene i o medical s uden s in acqui ing his clinical
skill. The p onounced ini ial skill disc epancy be ween
he wo disciplines unde sco es he impe a i e o
in e p o essional lea ning o op imize clinical skills and
eamwo k. Analysis o s uden a i udes owa d he IPE
p og am e ealed high mean sco es, e lec ing a posi i e
disposi ion owa d IPE. A compa a i e analysis o mean
a i ude sco es be ween nu sing and medical s uden s
yielded no signi ican di e ences, sugges ing a sha ed
posi i e a i ude owa ds IPE and alignmen ac oss bo h
domains o he ques ionnai e (in e ac ion-o ien edness
and p o essional compliance).
Resea ch has explo ed IPE wi hin clinical se ings [4,
11]. B aun e al.'s s udy i led "Impac o
In e p o essional Educa ion o Medical and Nu sing
S uden s on he Nu i ional Managemen o In-Pa ien s"
employed IPE ac oss di e en s uden g oups. The s udy
aimed o de elop skills in pa ien -cen e ed ca e,
p o essional ole de elopmen , communica ion,
eamwo k, e hical decision-making, and pa ien
ad ocacy. The esul s demons a e ha lea ne s' clinical
pe o mance is enhanced as hei oles and unde s anding
o hei p o essions e ol e [11].
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: Impac o in e p o essional educa ion on he a i udes and clinical skills o medical and nu sing
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28 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
IPE has p o en o be an e ec i e eaching app oach in
clinical en i onmen s. Resea ch by Dyess e al.,
Renschle e al., Cino e al., and Mahdizadeh e al.
demons a e ha IPE g ea ly imp o es s uden s'
knowledge and clinical skills. Addi ionally, by
p omo ing collabo a i e lea ning and eamwo k, IPE has
he po en ial o subs an ially enhance pa ien sa e y
ou comes [3, 4, 15, 16]. These indings a e consis en
wi h ou s udy on he e ec i eness o IPE in a clinical
se ing. The esul s o Renschle e al.'s s udy, i led
“E ec o In e p o essional Clinical Educa ion
P og amme Leng h on S uden s’ A i udes Towa ds
Teamwo k,” indica ed ha IPE in clinical se ings
imp o es s uden s’ unde s anding o p o essional oles
and esponsibili ies, ul ima ely leading o be e pa ien
ca e [4]. A s udy by Mahdizadeh e al. i led "Clinical
In e disciplina y Collabo a ion Models and
F amewo ks: F om Simila i ies o Di e ences,"
conduc ed as a sys ema ic e iew, highligh s he
impo ance o in e p o essional collabo a ion be ween
physicians and nu ses in clinical se ings. The s udy's
indings e eal ha success ul implemen a ion o hese
pa ne ships can lead o ewe ad e se e en s and be e
pa ien ou comes. This collabo a i e model shows g ea
po en ial o enhancing he e iciency and sa e y o
pa ien ca e ac oss a ious heal hca e s akeholde s [15].
Howe e , he esul s o a sys ema ic e iew conduc ed
by Dyess e al. i led "Impac o In e p o essional
Educa ion on S uden s o he Heal h P o essions"
highligh s ha es ablishing and main aining
in e p o essional collabo a ion wi hin a
mul idisciplina y su ge y eam wi h di e se
cha ac e is ics is complex. This complexi y can
in luence p ac ices and pa ien ca e [3]. Ba ios and
To es, in a s udy i led "In e p o essional Heal h
Educa ion Teache T aining a he Uni e si y o Chile,"
emphasized ha he main goal o IPE is o p epa e
lea ne s o imp o e hei p o essional oles wi hin
heal hca e eams. The e o e, eache s need o be
equipped o unc ion as e ec i e and suppo i e
in e p o essional eams as well. They ecommend ha
eache s employ p ac ical s a egies o enhance he
e ec i eness and success o IPE [17]. A s udy by
I ajpou e al. i led "Si ua ion Analysis and Designing an
In e p o essional Cu iculum o Pallia i e Ca e o
Cance Pa ien s" conduc ed in I an, e ealed ha IPE can
be a undamen al amewo k o p omo ing collabo a i e
ca e among heal hca e p o ide s add essing he complex
needs o pallia i e ca e pa ien s [18]. The indings o his
s udy align wi h ou esea ch, which demons a es he
po en ial o IPE o enhance pa ien ca e. Howe e , one
possible explana ion o he lack o signi ican
di e ences in a i udes be ween he wo g oups o
medical and nu sing s uden s is he limi ed du a ion o
exposu e o he IPE p og am.
Ma iazzi e al. conduc ed a sys ema ic li e a u e e iew
i led "Beha io al Ou comes o In e p o essional
Educa ion wi hin Clinical Se ings o Heal h
P o essional S uden s," which ound ha IPE in clinical
se ings can help s uden s de elop compe encies in
in e p o essional collabo a i e p ac ice. Howe e , he
e iew also no es me hodological limi a ions in he
s udies ha assess beha io al ou comes [19].
Addi ionally, indings om s udies by Ken e al. and
Olson & Bialoce kowski indica e ha IPE in e en ions
in clinical se ings signi ican ly enhance s uden s'
collabo a i e clinical skills. Addi ionally, p o iding
heal hca e se ices in a coo dina ed and in eg a ed way
h ough eam ac i i ies leads o be e clinical
pe o mance [20, 21]. The indings o his s udy di e
om hese esul s, which may be a ibu ed o
inconsis encies in he implemen a ion o IPE ac oss
a ious heal hca e disciplines. Ou s udy demons a es
ha IPE is e ec i e in enhancing s uden s' clinical
pe o mance, and i is sugges ed ha ea ly in eg a ion o
IPE om he s a o he clinical phase could signi ican ly
imp o e he de elopmen o p ac ical skills. Ayala e al.,
in hei s udy i led "A C oss-Sec ional Analysis o
Pe cep ions o In e p o essional Educa ion in Medical
S uden s," ound ha ou h-yea medical s uden s wi h
mo e ex ensi e exposu e o IPE in clinical se ings
demons a ed highe eadiness and willingness o IPE
compa ed o i s -yea s uden s [22]. This unde sco es
he signi icance o ea ly IPE exposu e in enhancing
clinical pe o mance.
Addi ionally, a s udy conduc ed by Ch is ian e al., i led
"E alua ing A i udes Towa d In e p o essional
Collabo a ion and Educa ion Among Heal h P o essional
Lea ne s," p edominan ly highligh s a posi i e a i ude
owa d IPE among heal hca e p o essionals [23].
Bed o d e al., in a s udy i led "Supe ision in
In e p o essional Educa ion: Bene i s, Challenges, and
Lessons Lea ned," e ealed ha IPE, despi e i s
challenges, p omo es collabo a ion and skills among
pa icipan s by p epa ing s uden s o eamwo k [24].
Pakpou e al., in hei s udy conduc ed in I an i led
"Viewpoin o Nu ses on In e -p o essional Rela ionship
be ween Nu ses and Doc o s," emphasized he c i ical
ole o e ec i e in e p o essional collabo a ion in
op imizing heal hca e deli e y. The s udy ad oca es o
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Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 29
inco po a ing IPE in o nu sing and medical cu icula o
p omo e a collabo a i e cul u e and imp o e p o essional
a i udes. The indings also show ha nu ses ha e a
posi i e a i ude owa d IPE [25]. These esul s a e
consis en wi h ou cu en s udy's indings, which
highligh he es ablishmen o posi i e a i udes and
in e p o essional lea ning among nu sing and medical
s uden s.
The esea ch indings o Ahmady e al. in hei s udy
i led "Challenges o he Implemen a ion o
In e p o essional Educa ion in Heal h P o ession
Educa ion in I an" indica e ha a i udes owa d IPE and
cul u al issues pose signi ican challenges o he
success ul implemen a ion o his app oach [26].
Consequen ly, os e ing a posi i e a i ude owa d IPE
may g ea ly enhance i s e icacy. Addi ionally, Be ge -
Es ili a e al., in a s udy examining medical s uden s’
a i udes owa d IPE, ound ha emale s uden s and
hose wi h mo e ex ensi e p e-clinical expe ience ended
o exhibi mo e a o able a i udes owa d IPE [27].
Howe e , a sys ema ic e iew by Be ge -Es ili a e al.
i led “A i udes Towa ds In e p o essional Educa ion in
he Medical Cu iculum” demons a ed ha in eg a ing
IPE wi hin bo h p e-clinical and clinical phases o
medical aining os e ed posi i e s uden a i udes
owa d his pedagogical app oach [28]. The e o e,
in oducing IPE ea ly in s uden s' academic ca ee s is
essen ial o maximize i s e ec i eness.
Olson and Bialoce kowski, in hei sys ema ic e iew
i led "In e p o essional Educa ion in Allied Heal h,"
highligh ed he signi icance o IPE in clinical se ings
and i s ole in enhancing heal hca e ou comes. They also
sugges ed conduc ing quali a i e esea ch o u he
e alua e IPE [21]. These indings a e consis en wi h ou
s udy.
Con e sely, Hulen e al., Luebbe s e al., Me e e al., and
Ng e al. emphasized he necessi y o es ablishing
in as uc u e and o ganiza ional suppo o alloca e
unding, p o ide collabo a i e p ac ice ime, acili a e
s a collabo a ion, and encou age s uden in ol emen
o p omo e IPE [29-32].
Gi en he challenges s uden s aced in mas e ing
complex clinical p ocedu es, which we e u he
complica ed by he cons ain s imposed by he Co id-19
pandemic, he ocus was na owed o a single
ounda ional skill. This speci ic skill was conside ed
essen ial o imp o ing he quali y and easibili y o
implemen a ion while ensu ing pa ien sa e y.
Addi ionally, he nu sing s a in he su gical wa d
oiced conce ns abou he clinical compe ency o
s uden s, pa icula ly medical s uden s. Consequen ly,
he e alua ion o s uden s’ d essing eplacemen skill
was conduc ed using a manikin o mi iga e po en ial isks
o pa ien s.
This s udy has se e al key s eng hs. No ably, i
emphasized he IPE p ocess wi hin he clinical se ing. In
he cu en s udy, alongside he in e p o essional
a i ude, he emphasis was placed on sha ed clinical
skills. This dual emphasis ensu es a comp ehensi e
app oach o enhancing eamwo k and compe ency
among medical and nu sing s uden s.
Se e al limi a ions o his esea ch should be
acknowledged. Fi s , pa icipan s we e es ic ed o
s uden s om wo acul ies, and he sample size was
small; he e o e, he gene alizabili y o he indings may
be limi ed. Due o he concu en eme gence o he
Co id-19, pandemic and associa ed es ic ions on
s uden wa d p esence, his s udy was designed as a
single-g oup educa ional in e en ion. None heless, he
in eg a ion o IPE wi hin his con ex , cha ac e ized by
i s po en ial o enhance s uden clinical skill h ough
lea ne mo i a ion, small g oup collabo a ion, and
men o ship, o e s a aluable amewo k o u u e IPE
deli e y in clinical se ings. The e o e, i is
ecommended ha u u e s udies be conduc ed wi h a
la ge sample size and a con ol g oup.
Implemen ing IPE cou ses and aining wo kshops in
a ious clinical se ings can u he enhance clinical
skills and os e in e p o essional collabo a ion among
heal hca e p o essionals. Rigo ous e alua ion o IPE's
impac on pa ien ca e ou comes is c ucial.
Dissemina ing e idence-based esea ch indings has
been shown o e ec i ely cul i a e posi i e a i udes
owa ds IPE and acili a e he lea ning p ocess.
Conclusion
Ou indings unde sco e he e ec i eness o IPE in
imp o ing he clinical skills o bo h medical and nu sing
s uden s, which in u n enhances pa ien ca e. The esul s
also show a posi i e a i ude among s uden s owa ds
IPE, wi h high mean a i ude sco es. E ec i e and
p ac ical implemen a ion o IPE in heal h p o essions is
c ucial o cul i a ing a posi i e a i ude owa d his
app oach. The e o e, in oducing s uden s o IPE ea ly
on is essen ial o de eloping he necessa y clinical skills
and os e ing a cul u e o in e p o essional collabo a ion
and eamwo k. I is e iden ha IPE o e s subs an ial
bene i s, and ensu ing i s p ope implemen a ion can lead
o imp o ed heal hca e ou comes.
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30 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
E hical conside a ions
The p o ocol o he s udy was app o ed by he Na ional
Agency o S a egic Resea ch in Medical Educa ion.
Teh an. I an. unde he iden i ie 980543. The e hical
app o al le e o his s udy was issued by he Na ional
Agency o S a egic Resea ch in Medical Educa ion
(NASR) and is a ached. The s udy pu pose and
impo ance we e explained o pa icipan s. Pa icipan s
we e also assu ed ha hei da a would emain
con iden ial and ha hey could wi hd aw om he s udy
a any ime.
A i icial in elligence u iliza ion o a icle
w i ing
The au ho s con i m ha gene a i e A i icial
In elligence (AI) and AI-assis ed echnologies we e no
used in he w i ing p ocess o his pape .
Acknowledgmen
We highly app ecia e he espec able acul y membe s
and medical and nu sing s uden s who pa icipa ed in his
s udy.
Con lic o in e es s a emen
The au ho s decla e no con lic o in e es in his s udy.
Au ho con ibu ions
SD designed he s udy and d a ed he manusc ip . ZA
concei ed he ini ial idea o he s udy and con ibu ed o
he s udy design, da a collec ion, s a is ical analysis, and
inal edi ing o he a icle. All au ho s ead and app o ed
he inal manusc ip .
Funding
This s udy was unded by he Na ional Agency o
S a egic Resea ch in Medical Educa ion in Teh an, I an,
unde G an No. 980543.
Da a a ailabili y s a emen
The da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable
om he co esponding au ho upon easonable eques .
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