In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
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DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i11-32, Impac Fac o : 8.048
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Design o An A duino Uno Based De ini e Time O e Cu en Relay
Rizky Ap ylian o Susilo1, Abdul Hamid Ku niawan2, Wahyu Se iawan3, Syamsul Rizal Fadhil4,
Geo any Valdano5
1,2,3,4,5 S a e Poli echnic o Sama inda, Indoneisa
ABSTRACT: O e Cu en Relay (OCR) is a p o ec ion elay used o de ec and cu o elec ic cu en when he e is excess cu en
( aul cu en ). The de ini e ime ype OCR has cons an ip ime cha ac e is ics, ega dless o he magni ude o he aul cu en .
OCR is widely used in elec ic powe sys ems o p o ec equipmen om damage due o aul cu en s. This inal epo discusses
he design o A duino Uno-based de ini e ime OCR wi h he use o PZEM senso componen s, I2C LCD, elay module, and A duino
Uno. This sys em is designed o be able o measu e he load cu en , display he cu en alue on he LCD, and cu o he cu en
when he load cu en exceeds he speci ied se ing alue.
KEYWORDS: A duino Uno, De ini e ime, LCD I2C, O e Cu en Relay (OCR), PZEM senso , Relay module.
INTRODUCTION
Elec ic powe sys ems a e an essen ial pa o mode n human li e. I p o ides he elec ical ene gy needed o a ious ac i i ies,
such as ligh ing, indus y, and comme ce. In powe sys ems, a ious elec onic equipmen is used o dis ibu e and con ol elec ical
ene gy. This equipmen is ulne able o damage due o aul cu en s, which a e cu en s ha exceed no mal alues. In his s udy,
we as p ojec implemen e s made a p ojec ha can be a sa e y o elec onic de ices and as a means o de ec ing o e cu en and
sho ci cui in e e ence.
O e Cu en Relay (OCR) is an impo an componen in he elec ic powe sys em ha se es o p o ec equipmen om damage
due o aul cu en s. OCR de ini e ime ype has cha ac e is ics ha when he cu en lowing exceeds he elay se ing alue will
wo k acco ding o he ime se ing gi en.
A duino Uno is a popula and easy- o-use mic ocon olle componen . This componen has a ious ea u es ha make i ideal o
he de elopmen o con ol and moni o ing sys ems in his p ojec -based lea ning.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. P e ious Resea ch
The e a e se e al e e ences used in he design o he A duino Uno-based OCR TYPE De ini e Time Design, he ollowing
explana ion
F om esea ch conduc ed by P awi a Wijaya Kusuma wi h he i le “ARDUINO-BASED OVER CURRENT PROTECTION
RELAY DESIGN” O e Cu en Relay (OCR) is a ype o p o ec ion used o s op o e cu en . The inpu is p ocessed in o a cu en
alue by his elay, which hen compa es he alue wi h he se alue. The delay is also applied in he elay se ings o acili a e
coo dina ion wi h o he elays.Acco ding o he esul s ob ained, he OCR coo dina ion ool applied can o e come he sho ci cui
cu en o he powe sys em. as a cu en senso , he designed sys em has been able o wo k p ope ly in p o ec ing o e cu en ."[1]
F om esea ch conduc ed by Deni Almanda and Habil Yusu wi h he i le “P o o ype Design o O e load Cu en P o ec ion on DC
Loads Using Mic ocon olle s” o e cu en p o ec ion sys em designed using a mic ocon olle in he o m o A duino Nano and
using ACS712 5A cu en senso s, he designed sys em has been able o wo k well in p o ec ing o e cu en .[2]
F om esea ch conduc ed by Wahyono, Wiwik Pu wa i Widyaningsih, and Ajie P ibadi N, Choi ul Nu H, Fidiyan Kel in M, and
Fi i Sha i a wi h he i le “Pe o mance Tes ing o 3-Phase In e se Time O e cu en Relay o Suppo P o ec ion Sys em
P ac icum” shows a heo y ha can be used o suppo esea ch on his A duino Uno-Based In e se De ini e Minimum Time
O e cu en P o ec ion Relay.[3]
F om esea ch conduc ed by Al i Syah i and Andik Bin o o Kolom wi h he i le “A duino Uno-based Powe Moni o ing and
Con olling Using PZEM-004T Senso ” shows he applica ion o he PZEM-004T Senso as a cu en senso ha can be used in his
s udy.[4]
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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In esea ch conduc ed by Al i Syah i and Andik Bin o o Kolom, wi h he i le “Moni o ing and Con olling A duino Uno-Based
Powe Using PZEM-004T Senso s” shows ha his esea ch only ocuses on con olling and con olling an Elec ic Cu en wi h a
elay module ou pu ha can be con olled o disconnec an elec ic cu en ha expe iences o e cu en in e e ence, bu he esea ch
has weaknesses in e ms o he ules o he P o ec ion Sys em [5].
B. A duino Uno Mic ocon olle
A duino Uno is one o he mic o con olle boa ds based on he A mega328 da ashee . This con olle boa d is he mos popula
open sou ce because i is designed o acili a e elec onic con ol in all ields. [5]
Figu e 1. A duino Uno [5]
C. Relay
Relay is a swi ch componen ha is con olled using elec ici y and is one o he Elec omechanical componen s consis ing o 2
main pa s, namely he magne ic coil (coil) and he mechanical pa (swi ch / swi ch con ac ). Relay wo ks based on elec omagne ic
p inciples o mo e i s con ac s so ha only wi h a small elec ic cu en (low powe ) can deli e highe ol age elec ici y. The shape
and symbols on he elay can be seen in Figu e 2 below. [6]
Figu e 2. Relay shape and symbol [6]
This elec onic componen uses elec omagne ic p inciples o mo e he swi ch so ha wi h a small elec ic cu en (low powe ) can
deli e highe ol age elec ici y. [7]
D. PZEM-004T Senso
PZEM-004T is an elec onic module ha unc ions o measu e ol age, cu en , powe , equency, ene gy, and powe ac o o AC
elec ici y. This module is equipped wi h a spli co e CT connec o , PZEM-004T can be used o measu e he cu en o he powe
sou ce passing h ough i . [The PZEM-004T senso is an elec onic senso module ha has he unc ion o measu ing cu en ,
ol age, equency, powe , ene gy and also powe ac o and his senso is also equipped wi h an in eg a ed CT [8].
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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Figu e 3. PZEM-004T [8]
The PZEM-004T boa d has dimensions o 3.1 × 7.4 cen ime e s. The PZEM-004T ma e ial is w apped using a 3mm diame e cu en
ans o me coil ha can be used o op imal cu en de ec ion o 100A. The wi ing o his module has wo pa s, namely om he
connec ed wi ing including ol age and cu en , as well as he in o ma ion ansmission wi ing. Based on he needs, his module has
anTTL pin boa d o suppo in o ma ion ansmission communica ion be ween ha dwa e [9].
E. 16x2 LCD
16x2 LCD is an elec onic de ice used o display da a and messages is known as 16×2 LCD. As he name sugges s, i includes 16
Columns & 2 Rows so i can display a o al o 32 cha ac e s (16×2=32) & each cha ac e will be c ea ed wi h 5×8 (40) Pixel Do s.
So he o al pixels in his LCD can be calcula ed as 32 x 40 o 1280 pixels. Fo he pins con ained in he 16x2 LCD can be seen in
Figu e 4. he ollowing. [10]
Figu e 4. Pins on 16x2 LCD[10]
To connec an LCD o an A duino, you need o connec he pins on he LCD o he I/O pins on he A duino boa d. The wi ing
scheme and p og am code used will depend on he ype o LCD and he needs o you p ojec . In gene al, A duino LCDs a e used
in a ious applica ions such as displaying senso da a, ex messages, and s a us in o ma ion in DIY p ojec s, obo ics, and
au oma ion sys ems[11].
F. Push Bu on (Rese )
Is a componen ha unc ions o connec and disconnec an elec ici y low by p essing and eleasing. Push Bu on is widely used in
con ol ci cui s, because his componen is one o he mos impo an componen s in a con ol sys em o signaling. The wo d
momen a y can be in e p e ed wi h a momen . So a Push Bu on ha ope a es momen a y can be in e p e ed ha he Push Bu on
wo ks only o a momen when p essed, he physical o m o his componen can be seen in Figu e 5. he ollowing. [12]
Figu e 5. Push Bu on [12]
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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G. I2C mic ocon olle
Mic ocon olle and senso s o o he de ices. I2C is designed o connec a ious de ices in a sys em using a sha ed communica ion
pa h. I2C is widely used in se e al de ices, such as senso s, EEPROM, RTC and a ious o he ypes o chips ha suppo
communica ion ia I2C.
I2C communica ion on A duino is usually done using wo pins, namely SDA (Se ial Da a Line) and SCL (Se ial Clock Line). SDA
is used o send da a and SCL is used o send clock signals ha will se he communica ion iming be ween connec ed de ices [13].
Figu e 6. I2C mic ocon olle [13]
H. LM7805 Regula o IC
IC Regula o 7805 is a popula in eg a ed ci cui (IC) ha unc ions as a ol age egula o by main aining a cons an ou pu ol age
(usually +5V) e en hough he inpu ol age and load on he ci cui a y. posi i e ol age egula o ype, meaning ha i p o ides a
s able posi i e ou pu ol age wi h applica ion. commonly used o powe a ious elec onic componen s and ci cui s ha equi e a
s able 5V supply and can deli e cu en s up o 1.5A. can be seen he physical o m o he ollowing IC [14]
Figu e 7. LM7805 Regula o IC [14]
I. Buzze
Buzze is an elec onic componen ha unc ions o con e elec ical ib a ions in o sound ib a ions. Basically he wo king
p inciple o he buzze is almos he same as he loud speake , so he buzze also consis s o a coil a ached o he diaph agm and
hen he coil is elec i ied so ha i becomes an elec omagne , he coil will be pulled in o ou , depending on he di ec ion o he
cu en and he pola i y o he magne , because he coil is moun ed on he diaph agm, each coil mo emen will mo e he diaph agm
back and o h so ha i makes he ai ib a e which will p oduce sound. Buzze s a e commonly used as an indica o ha he p ocess
has been comple ed o an e o occu s in a de ice (ala m).
Figu e 8. Buzze [15]
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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DESIGN METHOD
A. Time and Loca ion
The ime used o his PBL design was ca ied ou om Feb ua y 2024 o May 2024 in he mic ocon olle labo a o y and p o ec ion
labo a o y.
B. Types o Da a and Da a Sou ces
In his PBL design he e a e h ee s ages, namely when p e-designing, designing, and ope a ing pa ame e s. The ypes and sou ces
o da a used du ing p e-design a e da ashee s o be e known as speci ica ions o componen s. The ypes o da a sou ces used du ing
design a e books, websi es, and jou nals as well as ci cui simula ions using P o eus so wa e. Ope a ing pa ame e s a e da a ob ained
om he implemen a ion o he A duino Mic ocon olle -Based O e cu en P o ec ion Relay PBL implemen a ion in he
Mic ocon olle Labo a o y.
C. Sys em O e iew
Sys em o e iew The design o he sys em ha will be made on he A duino Uno-based PBL O e Cu en Relay seen in he
Mic ocon olle Block Diag am ge s a ol age supply om a 5V adap e , on he mic ocon olle he e a e h ee ou pu s and he e a e
h ee inpu s consis ing o cu en senso s, and NodedMCU ESP8266.
1. The elec ici y supply used o ac i a e he A duino Uno R3 sys em is a 7-12 VDC powe supply and he 220 VAC load supply
is he elec ici y supply used by he load.
2. The ou pu ol age o he A duino Uno R3 is connec ed o he b eadboa d which will be used o supply 5 VDC ol age o
elays, buzze s and cu en senso PZEM-004T.
3. When he cu en senso eads a cu en ha exceeds he speci ied cu en se ing, he cu en senso will send a signal o he
A duino Uno.
4. When A duino Uno ecei es a signal om he cu en senso , he signal will be p ocessed and hen sen o he elay, hen he
elay disconnec s he elec ic cu en o he load.
5. When he elec ic cu en has been cu o , he A duino Uno sends da a o he buzze so ha he buzze can sound and p o ide
an ala m signal ha he e is an o e cu en dis u bance and o a sho ci cui .
6. The po en ia o is used o inc ease he ol age on he load o p o ide mo e cu en o he cu en senso .
Figu e 9. Block diag am o Sys em o e iew
AC
Sou cece
Cu en
measu men
Modul
Relay
Load
Adap o
5V
A duino Uno
LCD
LCD
12C
Buzze
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Design Resul s
The manu ac u e o his A duino-based O e Cu en Relay Type De ini e Time is a p o o ype, which hope ully i success ul can be
implemen ed o he public and indus y. Figu e 7. Below is he esul o making an A duino Uno-based O e Cu en Relay Type
De ini e Time ool.
B. O e Cu en Relay Tes ing
Tes ing is done by se ing he nominal cu en se ing and disconnec ion ime, he es esul s show he elay wo ks wi h a ime
se ing o 2 seconds and can show any change in he in eg a ed cu en alue does no a ec he accele a ion o he cu en lowing,
he es esul s can be seen in he ollowing able.
Table 1. Tes esul s when o e cu en elay occu s
Cu en (A)
Time (S)
1
2
1.1
2
1.2
2
1.3
2
1.4
2
1.5
2
1.6
2
1.7
2
1.8
2
1.9
2
2
2
2.1
2
2.2
2
2.3
2
2.4
2
2.5
2
2.6
2
2.7
2
2.8
2
2.9
2
3
2
3.1
2
3.2
2
3.3
2
3.4
2
3.5
2
3.6
2
3.7
2
3.8
2
3.9
2
4
2
4.1
2
4.2
2
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4.3
2
4.4
2
4.5
2
4.6
2
4.7
2
4.8
2
4.9
2
5
2
Based on Table 1, a g aph o he cha ac e is ics o he o e load cu en p o ec ion elay is ob ained in he ollowing Figu e 10.
Figu e 10. De ini e Time O e Cu en Relay cha ac e is ic cu e
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
This esea ch is ocused on cu en a ia ions anging om 0.1 o 4 ampe es and se ing he de ec ion ime o 2 seconds. Th ough
he implemen a ion o A duino Uno echnology, he esul s ha ha e been ob ained a e in acco dance wi h he ini ial wo king
p inciple o de ini e ime, namely wi h he wo king p inciple when he cu en alue exceeds i s nominal, he elay will wo k by
b eaking he cu en a e passing he speci ied ime limi .
B. Sugges ion
Basens as ollows:
1. Conduc u he es s wi h di e en load a ia ions and ope a ing condi ions o e alua e sys em pe o mance and eliabili y mo e
comp ehensi ely.
2. Conside in eg a ing addi ional ea u es such as wi eless communica ion (WiFi o Blue oo h) o allow emo e moni o ing and
con ol.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
P aise ou g a i ude o God Almigh y. Because wi h his pe mission he au ho can comple e esea ch and jou nal w i ing abou
“Design o The mal O e load Relay (Siemens 3ua50) Based on A duino Uno” o comple ion. The au ho would like o hank:
1. Ou pa en s who ha e p o ided men al and ma e ial suppo .
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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2. M . Rizky Ap ylian o Susilo, S.T .T., M.T .T. as p ojec manage and supe iso o he P o ec ion Sys em Labo a o y cou se o
his guidance and assis ance.
3. M . Abdul Hamid Ku niawan, S.Kom., M.T.I. as P ojec Manage and lec u e o Mic op osesso Labo a o y cou se o his
guidance and assis ance.
4. The au ho is also g a e ul o hose who ha e helped and become a sou ce o in o ma ion du ing he wo k o his jou nal.
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Ci e his A icle: Susilo, R.A., Ku niawan, A.H., Se iawan, W., Fadhil, S.R., Valdano, G. (2025). Design o An A duino Uno
Based De ini e Time O e Cu en Relay. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew, 8(11), pp. 5755-5762.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.47191/ijcs /V8-i11-32
