Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e175820
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e175820
Taxonomy & In en o ies
Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li,
2007 (A aneae, Oonopidae) om he Nangunhe
Na u e Rese e, Yunnan P o ince, China
Chengzhi Dai , Tong Yang , Yan eng Tong , Zizhong Yang
‡ College o Li e Science, Shenyang No mal Uni e si y, Shenyang 110034, China
§ Yunnan Nangunhe Na ional Na u e Rese e Managemen and P o ec ion Bu eau, Cangyuan 677400, China
| Na ional-Local Join Enginee ing Resea ch Cen e o En omoceu ics, Dali Uni e si y, Dali 671000, China
Co esponding au ho : Yan eng Tong ( y 68@ho mail.com)
Academic edi o : Ge gin Blagoe
Recei ed: 23 Oc 2025 | Accep ed: 17 No 2025 | Published: 25 No 2025
Ci a ion: Dai C, Yang T, Tong Y, Yang Z (2025) Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007
(A aneae, Oonopidae) om he Nangunhe Na u e Rese e, Yunnan P o ince, China. Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal
13: e175820. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/BDJ.13.e175820
ZooBank: u n:lsid:zoobank.o g:pub:D7671FE1-2437-4580-B6A9-4E085CF0B32A
Abs ac
Backg ound
The spide genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007, cu en ly comp ises 32 species known om
China, o which 15 species a e om Yunnan and one species, i.e. T. wumanshan Tong,
Yang & Zhang, 2023 is eco ded om he Nangunhe Na u e Rese e, Yunnan.
New in o ma ion
Two new T ilacuna species, T ilacuna jimengi Dai & Tong, sp. no . (♂♀) and T ilacuna
nangunhe Dai & Tong, sp. no . (♂♀), a e desc ibed, based on specimens collec ed om
he Nangunhe Na u e Rese e, Yunnan P o ince. Mo phological desc ip ions and
pho omic oscopy images o he new species a e gi en.
‡ § ‡ |
© Dai C e al. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY
4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
Keywo ds
mo phology, axonomy, goblin spide s
In oduc ion
The spide amily Oonopidae, commonly known as goblin spide s, ep esen s a highly
di e se lineage comp ising 1978 ex an species in 115 gene a (WSC 2025). The genus
T ilacuna was es ablished, based on wo new species collec ed om Yunnan and
Chongqing, China (Tong and Li 2007). The genus T ilacuna cu en ly comp ises 53 alid
species, dis ibu ed om I an o he Ko ean Peninsula and sou h o Suma a, Indonesia (
Dai e al. 2025).
The Nangunhe Na u e Rese e is a 708 km p o ec ed a ea, loca ed in wes e n
Cangyuan Coun y, Yunnan P o ince, China (23°15.00′N, 99°0.00′E). Nangunhe is
loca ed in he no he nmos inge o he Sou heas Asian opical zone and si ua ed in he
middle o he Myanma China bo de . I is one o China’s p io i y conse a ion a eas
es ablished in 1980 (Bohne e al. 2015). One species o he genus T ilacuna has been
eco ded in Nangunhe, i.e. T. wumanshan Tong, Yang & Zhang, 2023 (Ma e al. 2023)
be o e his s udy.
In his pape , wo new species o T ilacuna a e desc ibed om he Nangunhe Na u e
Rese e. De ailed mo phological desc ip ions, diagnos ic pho og aphs and a dis ibu ion
map a e gi en.
Ma e ials and me hods
The specimens we e examined unde a Leica M205 C s e eomic oscope. Fine de ails
we e s udied unde an Olympus BX51 compound mic oscope. Endogynes we e clea ed
in lac ic acid. Pho omic oscope images we e aken wi h a Canon EOS 750D zoom digi al
came a (24.2 megapixels) moun ed on he Olympus BX51. Raw pho os we e i s s acked
wi h Helicon Focus . 8.2.0 o ob ain he composi e images, which we e hen p ocessed
in Adobe Pho oshop CC 2020. Scanning elec on mic oscope images (SEM) we e aken
unde high acuum wi h a Hi achi S-4800 a e c i ical-poin d ying and gold-palladium
coa ing. The dis ibu ion map was gene a ed wi h A cGIS . 10.2 (ESRI Inc.). All
measu emen s we e aken using he Olympus BX51 and a e in millime es. Taxonomic
desc ip ions ollow Tong e al. (2020). Type ma e ial is deposi ed in he Shenyang No mal
Uni e si y (SYNU) in Shenyang, Liaoning P o ince, China (cu a o : Yan eng Tong).
The ollowing abb e ia ions a e used in he ex and igu es: ALE = an e io la e al eyes;
ap = apodeme; as = an e io scle i e; bll = blade-like lobe; blp = basal lea -shaped
p ojec ion; glo = globula s uc u e; lb = la e al b anch; mb = medial b anch; nlb = needle-
like b anch; PME = pos e io median eyes; psp = pos e io spi acle; sa = scle o ised,
2
2Dai C e al
ecu ed a ches; slh = small hole; s i = small idges; ba = ans e se ba s; sc =
ans e se scle i e.
Taxon ea men s
T ilacuna jimengi Dai & Tong, sp. no .
• ZooBank 1D70A61B-7E05-4EE9-BF46-AA955474F651
Ma e ials
Holo ype:
a. scien i icName: T ilacuna jimengi; o de : A aneae; amily: Oonopidae; genus: T ilacuna;
coun y: China; s a eP o ince: Yunnan; coun y: Lincang Ci y; locali y: Cangyuan Wa
Au onomus Coun y, 500m No heas o E ma Ri e ; e ba imEle a ion: 1561.05 m;
e ba imCoo dina es: 23°12′44″N, 99°11′58″E; samplingP o ocol: si ing lea li e ;
e en Da e: 30/09/2024; indi idualCoun : 1; sex: male; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe :
SYNU-F-4861; eco dedBy: Jimeng Ma; iden i iedBy: Yan eng Tong; occu enceID:
9AB5A0E1-2740-5342-96DB-8FAB109DF0BF
Pa a ype:
a. scien i icName: T ilacuna jimengi; o de : A aneae; amily: Oonopidae; genus: T ilacuna;
coun y: China; s a eP o ince: Yunnan; coun y: Lincang Ci y; locali y: Cangyuan Wa
Au onomus Coun y, 500m No heas o E ma Ri e ; e ba imEle a ion: 1561.05 m;
e ba imCoo dina es: 23°12′44″N, 99°11′58″E; samplingP o ocol: si ing lea li e ;
e en Da e: 30/09/2024; indi idualCoun : 2; sex: emale; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe :
SYNU-F-4862-4863; eco dedBy: Jimeng Ma; iden i iedBy: Yan eng Tong; occu enceID:
5DFCD329-533F-5A50-A5BA-09A7C7D79AAB
Desc ip ion
Male (Holo ype). Body: habi us as in Fig. 1A, C and E; body leng h 1.58; yellow.
Ca apace: 0.78 long, 0.64 wide; o al in do sal iew, sides smoo h (Fig. 1B and F).
Eyes: Six eyes, well de eloped; ALE sepa a ed om edge o ca apace by 1.1
diame e s (Fig. 1I). Mou hpa s: chelice ae s aigh ; labium ec angula , used o
s e num, an e io ma gin deeply incised; endi es slende , dis ally only sligh ly
b anched (Fig. 1D and G). S e num: su ace smoo h, s e num co e ed wi h many
needle-like se ae, wi h se e al ows o idges and sho and ine se ae in median pa
(Fig. 1D). Abdomen: 0.92 long, 0.61 wide; elonga ed o al in do sal iew, co e ed wi h
ine se ae; booklung co e s o oid (Fig. 1H); spe m po e si ua ed in on o an e io
spi acles; pos e io spi acles connec ed by shallow g oo e; wi h small hole si ua ed
be ween an e io and pos e io spi acles. Palp: yellow; 0.51 long (0.16, 0.11, 0.10,
0.14); emu swollen (wid h/leng h = 0.75); ibia abou as long as pa ella; bulb kidney-
shape, ape ing apically, wi h a small apophysis on subapical egion; psembolus
complex, wi h basal lea -shaped p ojec ion (blp), b oad median b anch (mb) and
la e al b anch (lb), su ounded by nume ous ib e s uc u es (Fig. 2A–K).
Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (A aneae, Oonopidae) ... 3
Female (pa a ype, SYNU-F-4862). Same as male, excep as no ed. Habi us as in Fig.
3A, C and E. Body: 1.55 long. Ca apace: 0.69 long, 0.58 wide. S e num:
wi hou
Figu e 1.
T ilacuna jimengi sp. no ., male holo ype. A habi us, do sal iew; B p osoma, do sal iew; C
habi us, en al iew; D p osoma, en al iew; E habi us, la e al iew; F p osoma, la e al iew;
G labium and endi es, en al iew; H abdomen, en al iew; I p osoma, an e io iew.
Abb e ia ions: slh = small hole; s i = small idges. Scale ba s: A–F, I = 0.4 mm; G, H = 0.2 mm.
Figu e 2.
T ilacuna jimengi sp. no ., male holo ype, ligh (A-C) and SEM (D-K) images. A le palp,
p ola e al iew; B le palp, do sal iew, a ows in A, B and E show he small apophysis; C le
palp, e ola e al iew; D le palp, p ola e al iew; E le palp, do sal iew; F le palp,
e ola e al iew; G bulb, p ola e al iew; H bulb, e ola e al iew; I dis al pa o bulb,
p ola e al iew; J dis al pa o bulb, do sal iew; K dis al pa o bulb, e ola e al iew.
Abb e ia ions: blp = basal lea -shaped p ojec ion; lb = la e al b anch; mb = medial b anch.
Scale ba s: A–H = 0.1 mm; I–K = 0.05 mm.
4Dai C e al
ows o idges in median pa (Fig. 3D). Abdomen: 1.87 long, 0.59 wide. Epigas ic
a ea: middle pa o an e io ma gin o pos gas ic scu um iangula shape; wi h
ecu ed, s ongly scle o ised a ches (sa ) an e io o he spi acles (Fig. 3G and Fig. 7
a). Endogyne: wi h na ow, ans e sally elonga ed scle i e ( sc); wi h an e io T-
shaped scle i e (as) and pos e io la ge ellipsoidal globula s uc u e (glo); ans e se
ba s ( ba) wi h pai o sho la e al apodemes (ap) (Fig. 7b).
Figu e 3.
T ilacuna jimengi sp. no ., emale pa a ype. A habi us, do sal iew; B p osoma, do sal iew; C
habi us, en al iew; D p osoma, en al iew; E habi us, la e al iew; F p osoma, la e al iew;
G abdomen, en al iew; H p osoma, an e io iew. Scale ba s: A–F, H = 0.4 mm; G = 0.2
mm.
Figu e 4.
T ilacuna nangunhe sp. no ., male holo ype. A habi us, do sal iew; B p osoma, do sal iew;
C habi us, en al iew; D p osoma, en al iew; E habi us, la e al iew; F p osoma, la e al
iew; G labium and endi es, en al iew; H abdomen, en al iew; I p osoma, an e io iew.
Abb e ia ion: s i = small idges. Scale ba s: A–F, I = 0.4 mm; G, H = 0.2 mm.
Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (A aneae, Oonopidae) ... 5
Figu e 5.
T ilacuna nangunhe sp. no ., male holo ype, ligh (A–C) and SEM (D–K) images. A le palp,
p ola e al iew; B le palp, do sal iew; C le palp, e ola e al iew; D le palp, p ola e al
iew; E le palp, do sal iew; F le palp, e ola e al iew; G bulb, p ola e al iew; H bulb,
e ola e al iew; I dis al pa o bulb, p ola e al iew; J dis al pa o bulb, do sal iew; K dis al
pa o bulb, e ola e al iew. Abb e ia ions: bll = blade-like lobe; blp = basal lea -shaped
p ojec ion; lb = la e al b anch; mb = medial b anch; nlb = needle-like b anch. Scale ba s: A–H
= 0.1 mm; I–K = 0.05 mm.
Figu e 6.
T ilacuna nangunhe sp. no ., emale pa a ype. A habi us, do sal iew; B p osoma, do sal
iew; C habi us, en al iew; D p osoma, en al iew; E habi us, la e al iew; F p osoma,
la e al iew; G abdomen, en al iew; H p osoma, an e io iew. Scale ba : 0.4 mm.
6Dai C e al
Diagnosis
The new species is simila o T. wuhe Tong, Zhang & Li, 2019 in he ows o idges on
cen al a ea o s e num, bu can be dis inguished by he smoo h ca apace ( s.
g anula e; c . Fig. 1B, F, Fig. 3B, F and Tong e al. (2019): igs. 16D, F, 18D and F), he
small apophysis on subapical egion o bulb ( s. absen ;c . Fig. 2A, E and Tong e al.
(2019): igs. 17A and C) and by he la ge ellipsoidal globula s uc u e o endogyne
( s. small; c . Fig. 7a, b and Tong e al. (2019): ig. 25B).
E ymology
The speci ic name is named a e he collec o , Jimeng Ma.
Dis ibu ion
Known only om he ype locali y, Yunnan P o ince, China (Fig. 8).
T ilacuna nangunhe Dai & Tong, sp. no .
• ZooBank 74EB42F9-0212-44F3-96EF-460BAD202B6A
Ma e ials
Holo ype:
a. scien i icName: T ilacuna nangunhe; o de : A aneae; amily: Oonopidae; genus: T ilacuna;
coun y: China; s a eP o ince: Yunnan; coun y: Lincang Ci y; locali y: Gengma Coun y,
Mengjian Village, Nan ianmen; e ba imEle a ion: 1955.18 m; e ba imCoo dina es:
Figu e 8.
Dis ibu ion eco ds o wo new species om Nangunhe Na u e Rese e, Yunnan, China. 1. T.
jimengi sp. no .; 2. T. nangunhe sp. no .
Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (A aneae, Oonopidae) ... 7
23°38′35.84″N, 99°23′6.96″E; samplingP o ocol: si ing lea li e ; e en Da e: 28/11/2024;
indi idualCoun : 1; sex: male; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : SYNU-F-4864;
eco dedBy: Jimeng Ma; iden i iedBy: Yan eng Tong; occu enceID:
2D62C800-7204-5833-BA28-076DDD92E064
Pa a ypes:
a. scien i icName: T ilacuna nangunhe; o de : A aneae; amily: Oonopidae; genus: T ilacuna;
coun y: China; s a eP o ince: Yunnan; coun y: Lincang Ci y; locali y: Gengma Coun y,
Mengjian Village, Nan ianmen; e ba imEle a ion: 1955.18 m; e ba imCoo dina es:
23°38′35.84″N, 99°23′6.96″E; samplingP o ocol: si ing lea li e ; e en Da e: 28/11/2024;
indi idualCoun : 5; sex: 2 males, 3 emales; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : SYNU-
F-4865-4869; eco dedBy: Jimeng Ma; iden i iedBy: Yan eng Tong; occu enceID:
A77A5695-8823-5FB1-81ED-00B694C26C07
b. scien i icName: T ilacuna nangunhe; o de : A aneae; amily: Oonopidae; genus: T ilacuna;
coun y: China; s a eP o ince: Yunnan; coun y: Lincang Ci y; locali y: Gengma Coun y,
Banmai Village, Back Moun ain o he Managemen and P o ec ion S a ion;
e ba imEle a ion: 1538.04 m; e ba imCoo dina es: 23°26′24.93″N, 99°16′37.58″E;
samplingP o ocol: si ing lea li e ; e en Da e: 27/11/2024; indi idualCoun : 1; sex:
emale; li eS age: adul ; ca alogNumbe : SYNU-F-4870; eco dedBy: Jimeng Ma;
iden i iedBy: Yan eng Tong; occu enceID: A8C69DA3-
FF04-56E8-9976-63DE19C19F14
Desc ip ion
Male (Holo ype). Body: habi us as in Fig. 4A, C and E; body leng h 1.60; yellowish-
b own. Ca apace: 0.8 long, 0.63 wide; o al in do sal iew, sides smoo h (Fig. 4B and
F). Eyes: Six eyes, well de eloped; ALE la ges , PME smalles ; ALE sepa a ed om
edge o ca apace by 1.25 diame e s (Fig. 4I). Mou hpa s: chelice ae s aigh ; labium
ec angula , used o s e num, an e io ma gin deeply incised; endi es slende ,
dis ally
b anched (Fig. 4D and G). S e num: su ace smoo h, co e ed wi h many needle-like
se ae, medial a ea s ongly ugose, pos e io a ea s ongly ele a ed, wi h se e al
ows o idges (Fig. 4D and F). Abdomen: 0.94 long, 0.6 wide; elonga ed o al in
do sal iew, co e ed wi h ine se ae; booklung co e s o oid; spe m po e si ua ed a
le el o an e io spi acles; pos e io spi acles no connec ed by g oo e (Fig. 4H). Palp:
yellow; 0.54 long (0.18, 0.11, 0.10, 0.15); emu swollen (wid h/leng h = 0.67); ibia
abou as long as pa ella; bulb kidney-shape, base s ongly swollen en ally, ape ing
apically; psembolus complex, wi h basal lea -shaped p ojec ion (blp), 1 needle-like
b anch (nlb), 1 blade-like lobe (bll), b oad median b anch (mb) and la e al b anch
(lb), su ounded by nume ous ibe s uc u es (Fig. 5A–K).
Female (pa a ype, SYNU-F-4865). Same as male, sligh ly la ge han male, excep
as no ed. Habi us as in Fig. 6A, C and E. Body: 1.79 long. Ca apace: 0.79 long, 0.66
wide. S e num: wi hou ows o idges in pos e io a ea (Fig. 6D). Abdomen: 1.08
long, 0.65 wide. Epigas ic a ea: wi h ecu ed, s ongly scle o ised a ches (sa )
an e io o he spi acles (Fig. 6G and Fig. 7c). Endogyne: wi h na ow, ans e sally
elonga ed scle i e ( sc); wi h an e io T-shaped scle i e (as) and pos e io small
globula s uc u e (glo); ans e se ba s ( ba) wi h pai o sho la e al apodemes (ap)
(Fig. 7d).
8Dai C e al
Diagnosis
The new species is simila o T. jimengi sp. no . in he smoo h ca apace and he ows
o idges on cen al a ea o s e num, bu can be dis inguished by he male
epigas ic
egion lacking a small spo ( s. wi h a spo ; c . Fig. 4H and Fig. 1H), he psembolus
wi h needle-like b anch and blade-like lobe ( s. absen ; c . Fig. 5I and Fig. 1I), he
bulb lacking a subapical apophysis ( s. wi h a small one; c . Fig. 5D, E and Fig. 1A, E)
and he middle pa o an e io ma gin o pos gas ic scu um being smoo h ( s.
iangula ; c . Fig. 7c and Fig. 7a).
E ymology
The speci ic name is a noun in apposi ion aken om he ype locali y.
Dis ibu ion
Known only om he ype locali y, Yunnan P o ince, China (Fig. 8).
Acknowledgemen s
The manusc ip bene i ed g ea ly om commen s by Ge gin Blagoe and Rahşen Kaya.
This s udy was suppo ed by he Na ional Na u al Science Founda ion o China
(NSFC-32370479, 31972867), he Basic Scien i ic Resea ch P ojec s unded by he
Educa ional Depa men o Liaoning P o ince (LJ222510166003), he Special Fund o
G adua e S uden s P og ams o Shenyang No mal Uni e si y (YJSCX20250042) and he
Su ey and species ca aloguing o insec and a achnid esou ces in Yunnan Nangunhe
Na ional Na u e Rese e.
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e es ial mammal assemblage using came a apping in Nangunhe Na u e Rese e in
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289‑300. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/zookeys.1174.106130
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sou hwes China (A aneae: Oonopidae). Annales Zoologici, Wa szawa 57: 331‑340.
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Two new species o he genus T ilacuna Tong & Li, 2007 (A aneae, Oonopidae) ... 9
