Co esponding au ho : Widjia i
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Enhancemen o Milk Quali y Th ough he P o ision o High-Quali y Fo age o
Li es ock a Lucky Fa m, Medowo Village, Kandangan Dis ic , Kedi i Regency, Eas
Ja a, Indonesia
Widjia i 1, *, Epy-Muhammad-Luqman 1, Eko-Ali -Bin An o 2, Tan i-Dyah Widhi-Palupi 1, A y-Se ya-
He nanda 1, Viski-Fi i-Hend awan 3, Dwi-Rahmawa i 4 and De ia-Yoani a-Ku niawa i 1
1 Depa men o Ana omy Di ision, Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, Uni e si as Ai langga, Su abaya, Indonesia.
2 Depa men o Rep oduc i e Biology, Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, Uni e si as Ai langga, Su abaya, Indonesia.
3 Depa men o Ve e ina y Rep oduc ion, Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, Uni e si as B awijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
4 Depa men o O hodon ics, Facul y o Den al Medicine, Uni e si as B awijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(03), 075-079
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 20 July 2025; e ised on 29 Augus 2025; accep ed on 01 Sep embe 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.27.3.3088
Abs ac
This s udy aims o e alua e he e ec o p o iding high-quali y o age on he milk p oduc ion o dai y ca le a Lucky
Fa m, loca ed in Medowo Village, Kedi i Regency. Lucky Fa m is a mode n dai y ope a ion ha u ilizes a high-quali y
o age eeding sys em as a s a egy o inc ease milk yield. The esea ch was conduc ed o e a h ee-mon h pe iod, om
Ap il o June 2025, employing an educa ional and quan i a i e app oach. Da a we e collec ed h ough daily milk olume
logging (mo ning and e ening), obse a ion o he physical quali y o he milk, and iden i ica ion o he ype and
composi ion o he o age p o ided. The esul s indica ed a signi ican inc ease in milk p oduc ion om Ap il (11,450.9
li e s) o May (12,426.95 li e s) and June (12,967.6 li e s). This inc ease e lec s he posi i e con ibu ion o high-quali y
o ages, such as elephan g ass (Pennise um pu pu eum), legumes, and sesbania lea es, in mee ing he nu i ional
equi emen s o he li es ock, enhancing he e iciency o umen e men a ion, and suppo ing milk syn hesis.
The e o e, a eed managemen sys em based on high-nu ien local o ages has been p o en e ec i e in imp o ing bo h
he quan i y and quali y o milk and can be adop ed as a model o sus ainable dai y a ming de elopmen in opical
egions.
Keywo ds: Dai y Ca le; Fe men a ion; High-Quali y Fo age; Milk P oduc ion; Milk Quali y
1. In oduc ion
Lucky Fa m is a mode n dai y ope a ion loca ed in Medowo Village, Kandangan Dis ic , Kedi i Regency. The a m's
geog aphical a ea possesses signi ican po en ial o suppo he g ow h and de elopmen o he dai y en e p ise. This
po en ial is ein o ced by he geog aphic condi ions o Medowo Village, which is si ua ed in a highland a ea wi h a
ela i ely cool clima e, a condi ion highly conduci e o he p oduc i i y o dai y ca le [1]. Fu he mo e, he p esence o
a Village Uni Coope a i e (KUD) p o ides suppo o he milk ma ke ing sys em h ough pa ne ships wi h la ge-scale
milk p ocessing indus ies. This collabo a ion acili a es an e icien milk dis ibu ion chain and p omo es p ice s abili y
and income o a me s.
As one o he mode n dai y a ms in Medowo Village, Lucky Fa m plays a pi o al ole in suppo ing milk p oduc i i y in
Kedi i Regency. The implemen a ion o high-quali y o age managemen on his a m has demons a ed a posi i e
impac on inc easing he olume and quali y o he milk p oduced. Nu ien - ich o ages such as elephan g ass, legumes,
and silage se e as he p ima y eed sou ces, op imally suppo ing he ene gy and p o ein equi emen s o he li es ock
[2]. Addi ionally, he suppo o acili ies like a echnical aining cen e and he applica ion o a i icial insemina ion
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(03), 075-079
76
(AI) u he s eng hen he sus ainabili y o he p oduc ion sys em a Lucky Fa m. Empowe men h ough eed
managemen aining also os e s g ea e ope a ional e iciency, which di ec ly con ibu es o he enhancemen o milk
yield in e ms o bo h quan i y and quali y [3-4].
Milk is a highly nu i ious be e age ich in p o ein, essen ial a y acids, i amins, and mine als. Beyond i s di e se
nu i ional con en , milk is also ca ego ized as an ideal ood sou ce because i con ains nea ly all essen ial nu ien s
equi ed by he human body in comple e and balanced p opo ions [5]. Dai y ca le a e he p ima y sou ce o milk
p oduc ion in Indonesia, and hei p oduc i i y is highly dependen on nu i ional managemen , pa icula ly he
p o ision o high-quali y o age. Fo age ha is ich in p o ein, mine als, and ene gy has been p o en o enhance milk
p oduc ion and quali y [6]. Con e sely, nu i ional de iciencies lead o dec eased milk p oduc ion, comp omised animal
heal h, and educed ep oduc i e e iciency.
High-quali y o ages such as elephan g ass (Pennise um pu pu eum), legumes, and sesbania lea es a e ich in c ude
p o ein and essen ial mine als o dai y ca le me abolism. F esh o age wi h a balanced mois u e and nu ien con en
plays a ole in s imula ing he g ow h o umen mic obes, which a e essen ial o ibe e men a ion and amino acid
syn hesis [7]. The e o e, e alua ing he e ec o high-quali y o age p o ision on milk p oduc ion is c ucial o he
de elopmen o li es ock a ming based on local o ages [8].
The enhancemen o dai y ca le p oduc i i y is de e mined no only by he quan i y o o age p o ided bu also by i s
nu i ional quali y, including i s c ude p o ein con en , diges ible ibe , and a balanced calcium- o-phospho us a io [9].
Low-quali y o age, such as ha om open g azing sys ems wi hou o a ion and soil imp o emen , o en con ains
insoluble ibe and is poo in ene gy con en . This leads o a dec ease in D y Ma e In ake (DMI), limi ed umen
e men a ion, and educed milk syn hesis [10]. In opical con ex s like Indonesia, he addi ional challenges o high
empe a u e and humidi y can also educe o age in ake, he eby hinde ing he lac a ion pe o mance o dai y ca le
[11].
The u iliza ion o high-quali y o age en iched wi h legumes such as Indigo e a zollinge iana, Gli icidia sepium, o
sesbania (Sesbania g andi lo a) has been shown o imp o e ni ogen use e iciency and enhance he umen p o ein
balance. The c ude p o ein con en in hese legumes anges om 18–28%, signi ican ly highe han ha o common
g asses (13–15%) [12]. This combina ion can suppo mic obial syn hesis in he umen and ex end he du a ion o
umen e men a ion, ul ima ely leading o an inc ease in daily milk p oduc ion. Mo eo e , high-quali y o ages also
con ain seconda y me aboli es, such as annins and saponins, in low concen a ions, which ac as na u al an imic obial
agen s o main ain he heal h o he li es ock's diges i e ac [13].
Based on he c i ical ole o high-quali y o age in he dai y p oduc ion sys em, his esea ch was conduc ed o e alua e
he e ec o p o iding high-quali y o age on he milk p oduc ion o dai y ca le a Lucky Fa m, Kedi i Regency. By
employing a daily obse a ion app oach o e a h ee-mon h pe iod, his s udy is expec ed o p o ide a angible
o e iew o he ela ionship be ween o age eed managemen and daily milk p oduc i i y a he smallholde a m scale.
Re e ence should be ci ed a app op ia e poin in he ex by numbe (s) in squa e b acke s in line wi h he ex . e.g.: '.....
was epo ed ea lie [1, 2].'
2. Ma e ial and me hods
2.1. Time and Place
This esea ch was conduc ed om Ap il o June 2025 a Lucky Fa m, loca ed in he Medowo dis ic o Kedi i Regency
2.2. Resea ch Objec i e
The objec i e o his esea ch was o de e mine he e ec o o age quali y on he milk p oduc ion o dai y ca le a
Lucky Fa m in Medowo, Kedi i.
2.3. Implemen a ion Me hod
The me hodology o his s udy was based on an educa ional and quan i a i e app oach, ea u ing he di ec
measu emen o he impac o p o iding high-quali y o age on he milk p oduc ion o dai y ca le. The s udy was
implemen ed o e a h ee-mon h pe iod, om Ap il o June 2025, a Lucky Fa m, Medowo Village, Kedi i.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(03), 075-079
77
Milk yield om he mo ning and e ening milkings was ou inely eco ded. This da a on p oduc ion changes was
analyzed as a di ec indica o o he success o he high-quali y o age in e en ion. Acco ding o [14], longi udinal
obse a ion o milk olume combined wi h es ing o i s nu i ional quali y can e lec he physiological esponse o
ca le o changes in eed nu i ion. Fu he mo e, esea ch by [15] demons a es he applica ion o s a is ical es s o
assess signi ican di e ences esul ing om o age ea men s among di e en g oups o dai y ca le.
The a ionale o his me hod is based on he p inciple ha he consump ion o o age wi h high nu ien quali y can
inc ease D y Ma e In ake (DMI), enhance umen e men a ion e iciency, and imp o e milk ou pu . The p o ision o
high-quali y, balanced o age p omo es op imal umen ac i i y, inc eases ni ogen e en ion, and di ec ly in luences he
quan i y and quali y o milk [13]. The e o e, a quan i a i e app oach h ough daily milk olume measu emen is
conside ed a alid me hod o e alua ing he e ec o o age nu i ion on he lac a ion pe o mance o dai y ca le [16].
3. Resul s and discussion
The esea ch ac i i ies we e conduc ed h ough he analysis o milk p oduc ion da a collec ed om Ap il o June 2025
a Lucky Fa m, Kedi i. This pe iod was selec ed due o he s abili y o en i onmen al condi ions and he ela i ely
uni o m husband y managemen , which acili a ed a mo e objec i e e alua ion o he e ec o high-quali y o age on
milk p oduc ion pe o mance [17].
Du ing his ime ame, daily milk olume was eco ded, and he ypes and composi ion o o age p o ided o he
li es ock we e iden i ied. Addi ionally, obse a ions o he physical quali y o he milk—including i s colo , odo , and
consis ency—we e pe o med o suppo he quan i a i e analysis. The esul s o he analysis e ealed a consis en
upwa d end in milk p oduc ion, indica ing he signi ican ole o high-quali y o age in suppo ing he me abolic
e iciency and physiological heal h o he dai y ca le a Lucky Fa m. This app oach is expec ed o se e as a benchma k
o de eloping local o age-based eed managemen s a egies o suppo he sus ainabili y o na ional milk p oduc ion
[18].
Table 1 Milk P oduc ion o Dai y Ca le a Lucky Fa m in Medowo Village, Kedi i.
Mon h
Mo ning (Li e )
A e noon (Li e )
To al (Li e )
Ap il
6972,8
4478,1
11450,9
May
7639,1
4787,85
12426,95
June
7991,1
4976,5
12967,6
Figu e 1 G aph illus a ing he milk p oduc ion o dai y ca le a Lucky Fa m, Kedi i.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 27(03), 075-079
78
The da a in Figu e 1 indica e ha milk p oduc ion a Lucky Fa m expe ienced a o al inc ease om Ap il (11,450.9
li e s) o May (12,426.95 li e s), and subsequen ly o June (12,967.6 li e s). This enhancemen occu ed consis en ly in
bo h he mo ning milking sessions ( om 6,972.8 li e s o 7,991.1 li e s) and he e ening sessions ( om 4,478.1 li e s
o 4,976.5 li e s).
This pa e n e lec s he posi i e in luence o implemen ing high-quali y o age eeding on he p oduc i i y o dai y
ca le. High-quali y o ages, such as elephan g ass (Pennise um pu pu eum), legume lea es, and sesbania lea es, con ain
high le els o c ude p o ein and diges ible ibe , which a e c ucial o suppo ing umen mic obial ac i i y. Rumen
mic obes play a i al ole in ibe e men a ion and he o ma ion o ola ile a y acids, which se e as he p ima y
ene gy sou ce o dai y ca le and suppo he p ocess o milk syn hesis in he udde [10]. An inc eased in ake o p o ein
and ene gy om high-quali y o age imp o es he nu i ional balance and enhances me abolic e iciency, di ec ly
impac ing milk p oduc ion and quali y [13].
A s udy by [14] also emphasized ha esh o age wi h a p o ein con en exceeding 14% can inc ease o al milk solids,
a con en , and milk p o ein le els, while also educing he isk o subclinical mas i is. This sugges s ha in addi ion o
inc easing olume, high-quali y o age con ibu es o he enhancemen o he physiological quali y o he milk. O e all,
hese indings suppo he impo ance o a nu i ion-based app oach u ilizing local o age as an e icien and sus ainable
s a egy o inc easing milk p oduc ion. Gi en he po en ial a ailabili y o o age esou ces in opical egions like
Kedi i, his in e en ion could se e as a model o good p ac ice o o he smallholde a ms in Indonesia.
4. Conclusion
The consis en p o ision o high-quali y o age signi ican ly imp o ed daily milk p oduc ion in dai y ca le a Lucky
Fa m. Local o ages ich in p o ein, diges ible ibe , and mine als no only enhanced milk olume bu also imp o ed i s
quali y. This s udy will bene i socie y by s eng hening ood secu i y and p omo ing sus ainable dai y a ming p ac ices
in opical egions.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgemen s
The au ho s would like o hank he Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, Uni e si as Ai langga, Su abaya, Indonesia,
pa icula ly he Ana omy Di ision and he Biology Rep oduc ion and Ve e ina y Science p og ams, as well as he
Depa men o O hodon ics, Facul y o Den al Medicine, o hei aluable suppo , acili ies, and con ibu ions ha
enabled he comple ion o his esea ch.
Disclosu e o Con lic o in e es
The au ho s decla e no con lic o in e es ega ding he publica ion o his a icle.
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