Kenny. anLange eld@il o. laande en.be
awish@il o. laande en.be
Many Thanks To:
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
1Animal Sciences Uni , ILVO, Me elbeke-Melle, Belgium
2Depa men o Ve e ina y and Biosciences, Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, Ghen Uni e si y, Me elbeke-Melle, Belgium
3Animals in Science and Socie y, Depa men Popula ion Heal h Sciences, Facul y o Ve e ina y Medicine, U ech Uni e si y, U ech ,
Ne he lands
4Campbell Cen e o he S udy o Animal Wel a e, Depa men o Animal Biosciences, On a io Ag icul u al College, Uni e si y o Guelph,
Guelph, On a io, Canada
Ba n clima e ad ice and pig ea s aining:
p elimina y insigh s in o an eme ging
wel a e indica o
an Lange eld, Kenny1,2; an S aa e en, Nienke3,4; Van No en, Noémie1; Rodenbu g, Bas3; Tuy ens, F ank1,2
Re e ences
STUDY DESIGN
Fig. 2: agged Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) o Tea S aining,
adap ed om he disc e e DeBoe -Ma chand-Fo de scale [1].
(Images om [1, 5]
Slaugh e S a +/- 90 days
+/- 2 weeks a e
se -up
+/- week be o e
slaugh e
Fig. 1: G aphical o e iew o a Finishe ound (+/- 25 kg ill
slaugh e weigh ), highligh ing when measu emen s ook place.
5 Du ch a ms – Be e Le en 1 s e label
1 inishe uni / a m; each wi h clima e senso (Slimme S al,
Connec ing Ag i&Food)
Measu es: T° (°C), RH (%), CO₂, NH₃ (ppm); + ou doo da a
(nea es wea he s a ion)
‘C osso e design wi h wo ounds (Ad ice (ADV) s. Con ol
(CON)):
Fa ms blocked by s a mon h (RND 1)
Randomized ea men s/block (RND1); Swapped in RND 2
T ea men s:
ADV: Ba n clima e ad ice by an expe
CON: no in e en ions
WELFARE MEASUREMENTS (2x/ ound, Fig. 1)
Sampling: up o 5 pens/uni , and max. 15 animals/pen
TS (Fig. 2), TB, and lameness we e sco ed using a VAS (adap ed
om [1], [2], and [4]).
Skin lesions we e coun ed and summed ollowing WQ® [6]
Tea S aining
Bo h Eyes
( VAS)
Lesions Tail Bi ing (TB)
( VAS)
1. DeBoe e al. (2015). Isola ion and en ichmen e ec s on pig wel a e: ea
s aining and beha io . Anim Wel a e, 24, 15-27.
2. DSBS (2017). Deu sche Schweine-Boni u schlüssel (DSBS). [Online]
3. La sen e al. (2019). Tea s aining in inishe pigs and pen-le el s esso s.
animal, 13, 1704-11.
4. Nielsen e al. (2001). Mycoplasma hyosyno iae a h i is in pigs. J Ve Med A,
48, 475-86.
5. Telkän an a e al. (2016). Tea s aining as a wel a e ool on comme cial pig
a ms. animal, 10, 318-25.
6. Wel a e Quali y® (2009). Wel a e assessmen p o ocol o pigs. Lelys ad, NL.
Fig. 3: E ec o ADV s. CON on changes in ea s aining (TS) be ween isi s. Colo ed poin s and e o ba s show
ea men means ± 95% CI, while g ey do s ep esen indi idual pen-le el obse a ions ac oss all a ms and isi s.
Da a: 5 uni s, 2 ounds; 2–5 pens/uni (21 pens/ ound).
a b c
Fig. 4: E ec s o ADV s. CON on ai quali y and co ela ions among en i onmen al indica o s a he uni le el (5
uni s, wo ounds). Wi h: a–b. Mean hou s wi h ele a ed NH₃ (>20 ppm) and CO₂ (>2000 ppm) concen a ions o
CON and ADV. Ba s show g oup means ± 95% con idence in e als.; c. Co ela ion ma ix o clima e- ela ed a iables
(Spea man’s ρco ela ion coe icien s).
EFFECT OF BARN CLIMATE ADVICE ON ΔTS
Linea Mixed Modelling (LMM): ΔTS (Le and Righ ) ~ T ea men ( ixed) and Pens|Uni s ( andom)
RESULTS: No signi ican e ec o T ea men on ΔTS (bo h eyes, P > 0,05; Fig. 3)
Models Ou pu Va ia ion: High be ween-pens & - a ms + la ge esidual (unexplained) a iance
O he ac o s play a ole in he de elopmen o TS.
Clima e pa ame e s? → See below
Wel a e Indica o s? → See R&D Con inued
R&D CONTINUED
b
a
Fig. 5: Visual ep esen a ion o he e ec
size be ween change in wel a e indica o s
and TS a pen le el (5 uni s, 21
pens/ ound in o al) (a), and
in e co ela ions amongs hem
(Spea man’s ρco ela ion coe icien s;
excluding TS) (b). Da a: 5 uni s, 2 ounds;
2–5 pens/uni (21 pens/ ound).
EFFECT OF BARN CLIMATE ADVICE ON THE CHANGE IN TS
LMM: ΔTS (Le and Righ ) ~ Wel a e Indica o ( ixed)+ T ea men ( ixed) + Pens|Uni s ( andom)
RESULTS: Change in Ea Lesions is posi i ely associa ed wi h change in Le ΔTS + Change in Lameness is
posi i ely associa ed wi h Righ ΔTS (Fig. 5a)
Models Ou pu Va ia ion: High be ween-pens & - a ms + la ge esidual (unexplained) a iance
Se e al (en i onmen al) ac o s may join ly a ec ΔTS and explain he abo e-men ioned le els o a ia ion
TS AS A WELFARE INDICATOR
Li e a u e: Ea / ail lesions linked o ΔTS + Specula ion o la e aliza ion e ec s (Le side > Wel a e ele ance) [1,3,5]
This s udy: Ea lesions associa ed wi h Le ΔTS → likely e lec s o al lesion bu den (s ong in e co ela ion; Fig. 5b)
No s ong e idence o la e aliza ion → Bo h eye sides associa ed wi h Wel a e Indica o s
TS has po en ial as a Wel a e Indica o , bu mo e esea ch is needed owa ds i s obus ness, di e ences be ween eye-
sides, he in e play o se e al ac o s on ΔTS, e c.
HOWEVER: TREATMENT DID AFFECT BARN CLIMATE
LMM: Clima e pa ame e ~ T ea men ( ixed) + Uni s ( andom)
RESULTS: CON exhibi ed, on a e age, mo e hou s o ele a ed CO2 (>2000 ppm) and NH3 le els
(>20ppm) (Fig. 4a and 4b)
Neg. In e co ela ion CO2 (Fig. 4c) → Likely linked o educed en ila ion in colde pe iods (hea
e en ion)
CLIMATE VARIABLES AS PREDICTORS FOR TS
LMM: ΔTS (Le and Righ ) ~ Clima e Pa am e ( ixed)+ T ea men ( ixed) + Pens|Uni s ( andom)
RESULTS: No signi ican e ec o Clima e Pa ame e s on ΔTS (bo h eyes, P > 0,05)
CONCLUSIONS
Ba n Clima e Ad ice imp o ed Ba n Clima e → did no impac Tea S aining
TS seems o ha e po en ial as a Wel a e Indica o → associa ion wi h o he wel a e
indica o s
P elimina y analysis on a limi ed da ase :
Wi hin La ge s udy (10 a ms, 2 ounds) whe e he ela ion be ween Ba n
Clima e (Ad ice) and Animal wel a e is assessed.
INTRO
TEAR STAINING (TS) IN PIGS
B own- ed po phy in-based s ains unde he eye co ne (p oduced by Ha de ian gland) [1]
PAST: linked o a ophic hini is and bad ba n clima e [1]
LAST DECADE: TS could e lec mul iple en i onmen al s esso s, beyond jus ba n clima e
Such as social isola ion, agg ession, … [1, 3, 5]
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Is a change in TS a ec ed by bad ba n clima e?
Is TS a use ul wel a e indica o in pigs?
