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RUSSIAN POP ART OF THE 20TH CENTURY
O ejano Baxadi Sey jano ich
Lec u e a Be daq Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y.
Muxameddino a Du dona Salama dino a
S uden a Be daq Ka akalpak S a e Uni e si y.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17735793
Abs ac . This a icle discusses he p ac ical and heo e ical ounda ions o he
eme gence o Russian pop music o he 20 h cen u y as an a o m, a ype o pop a .
Keywo ds: pop music, music, a , conce s, a is .
By he 20 h cen u y, he e was a su icien p ac ical and heo e ical basis o he
eme gence o pop music as an a o m. I s basis was small- o ma numbe s. A numbe was
conside ed a small- o ma a is ic pe o mance o 5-10 minu es, wi h an ideological and
igu a i e composi ion.
Conce s - in he o m o a small- o ma - a e a ype o pe o mance ha has he powe o
ga he all he di ec ions o a numbe 's c ea i i y on one nigh , on one s age, and o manage and
glo i y hem wi h he help o a hos . Conce s can also be dedica ed o he ac i i ies o a single
c ea i e pe son. He e, oo, he hos announces he numbe s o a single a is in u n, in oducing
his new ace s o he ans. In some cases, he a is himsel , ha ing a pe sonal conce , also
pe o med he ole o a speake . Conce s wi h he pa icipa ion o one a is - a poe , ac o ,
singe , compose , pe o me , musician o dance - we e o ganized in he o m o a c ea i e epo
dedica ed o he anni e sa y o he balle mas e . In 1908, caba e s called "Летучая мышь"
(Flying Mouse) and "Кривое зерколо" (C ooked Mi o ) we e opened in Moscow, whe e people
could elax by wa ching a nigh conce and ea ing. This p ocess c ea ed p ac ical condi ions o
he eme gence usic as an a o m in Russia.
"Летучая мыш" (Flying Mouse) was he i s minia u e hea e opened in a caba e in
Moscow on Feb ua y 29, 1908. A pe son named L.N. Ta aso p oposed o e-pe o m he
"kapus nik" - humo ous imi a ions, s aged by ac o s o he Moscow A Thea e , in his caba e ,
ha is, on he s age in he co ne o he es au an . Un il 1910, he Ta aso caba e , dedica ed o
he wo k o he a is s o he Moscow A Thea e (MAT), was pe o med exclusi ely o he
ac o s o his hea e .
A e he pe o mance, he ac o s showed hei new c ea i e side wi h hei own numbe s
in small o ms. The hos called hem on s age one by one and asked he ac o on behal o he
audience o show his bes numbe . No icing ha such numbe s we e becoming mo e and mo e
nume ous, he owne o he caba e began o sell icke s o he audience in 1910. F om ha day
on, he nigh caba e called "Le uchaya Mish" - a a ie y hea e - had ans and was cons an ly
inc easing. Since 1912, "Le uchaya Mish" - "Minia u e Thea e " began o sell icke s o i s
specially p epa ed nigh pe o mances o i s pa ons. This hea e became a place whe e amous
sa i is s, examples o he wo k o classical poe s we e combined wi h amous compose s,
musicians, dance s and ci cus ac s. This made he amous ac o s e en mo e popula . I
in oduced a new gene a ion o hos es o he audience. The high-quali y pe o mances o
expe ienced ac o s inc easingly a ac ed minia u e ans o he nigh ly spec acle. Since 1918, all
p i a e oo op enues ha e been aken o e by he s a e. In 1920, he alen ed a is s o he
"Flying Tale" minia u e hea e dispe sed o Pa is, New Yo k, and Kie . They con ibu ed o he
de elopmen o he Minia u e Thea e in hese ci ies.
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In 1908, he hea e "K i oe Ze kolo" was opened in S . Pe e sbu g by he ac o Z.V.
Kholmskoy unde he cha e o he "Thea e Wo ke s' Club". I s cha e s a ed ha " he hea e
will show pe o mances o li e a y pa ody, social sa i e and will be called "K i oe Ze kolo". This
name is eminiscen o he p o e b in ou language - "I he ace is c ooked, hen do no look in
he mi o ". The hea e was di ec ed by a c i ic named A.R. Kugel. In he small-scale
pe o mances p esen ed by his hea e , he a ached g ea impo ance o he ac ha he
humo ous numbe s consis ed o high-le el numbe s. He especially s ic ly con olled ha he
pa odies we e ee om ulga i y. The one-ac play "Wampuka - A ican B ide" s aged by he
hea e in 1909 became e y popula and became he eason o he in oduc ion o he e m
"K i oe Ze kolo" in o hea ical a . Because his pe o mance was s aged on he basis o a one-
ac play specially w i en on he basis o a euille on dedica ed o ope a hea e s, i became a
pa ody pe o mance dedica ed o ope a a . A e his pe o mance, he e m “Vampuka” wen
down in his o y as a pa ody name o numbe s dedica ed o he sho comings o pop ope a. A e
his success, he “K i oe Ze kalo” hea e gained he powe o show pe o mances e e y nigh
and go on ou in Moscow om 1910.
The hea e , which c ea ed pa odies o he sho comings o ope a wi h “V am puka”, nex
pe o med a play called “Re izo ” and laughed a he sho comings conside ed “ ashionable” in
di ec ing. And wi h he pa ody called “Rychalo Tou ”, i u ned he “c ea i i y” o he ac o s
du ing he ou in o a unny show. A e he e olu iona y coup o 1918, he hea e e ised i s
epe oi e.
The hea e ope a ed in Moscow in 1922-1924 and e i ed i s amous one-ac pa ody
pe o mances. Howe e , hese pe o mances ailed o egain hei a is ic powe and le el. The
hea e e u ned o Lening ad in 1925. A e Kugel's dea h in 1928, he "K i oe ze kalo" los i s
sa i ical powe and u ned in o an o dina y minia u e hea e , so in 1931 i was closed. Thus, he
sa i ical pa odies dedica ed o he sho comings o he hea e 's in e nal and a is ic li e wen
down in his o y unde he name "K i oe ze kalo". A e he e olu iona y coup o 1918, all
p i a e hea e s we e ans e ed o s a e owne ship. C i ical a icles began o be published in he
p ess abou he ulga i y and shamelessness o he pe o mances o nigh clubs ope a ing in
caba e s and es au an s. In esponse o hem, in 1919, he Re olu iona y Sa i e Thea e was
ounded - "Thea e o Re olu iona y Sa i e" (Te e sa ). Du ing he day, his hea e pe o med
o soldie s going o he on , and a nigh , in caba e s and es au an s, i showed pe o mances
ha idiculed he elemen s ha we e hinde ing he e olu ion. The e o e, i began o be called he
i s mcqueen o he e olu ion - "pop hea e ". In 1920, he pop hea e "Sinaia bluza" - "Blue
Shi " was ounded.
This hea e began o be called a li ing newspape , ha is, a "pop hea e " ha co e ed
e e yday changes. I s epe oi e included pa odies, sa i e, couple s and humo ous songs. Thei
con en was o laugh a he enemies o he e olu ion and expose hem o he public. All he
c ea o s who we e popula a ha ime we e in ol ed in his o m o hea e . In 1926, in Moscow
and Lening ad, and since 1927 in majo ci ies o Russia, e en in Baku, pop hea e s "musical
halls" we e opened. All amous poe s, compose s, ac o s, con e ence speake s, and di ec o s
we e in ol ed in his di ec ion. In 1928, a hea ical jazz o ches a was o ganized unde he
leade ship o L.O. U yoso . This pop hea e was known o he name o con e ence speake
U yoso , who combined and di ec ed music, songs, dances, and eccen ic numbe s a a high
le el. In 1939, he "Minia u e Thea e " was o ganized in Lening ad unde he leade ship o A.I.
Raikin.
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F om his yea , compe i ions o pe o me s o all-Union and Russian pop unes and songs
we e o ganized. Du ing he yea s o Wo ld Wa II (1941-1945), he “B igade” o m o pop
hea e s appea ed. They we e o med by a mul i ace ed g oup o a is s who could pe o m in
open spaces and hospi als. The “b igade” o he pop hea e was a g oup o a is s, each wi h i s
own unique s yle o singing, dancing, poe y, humo ous minia u es, anecdo es, and con e ence
pe o mances. A e he wa , special a en ion was paid o he de elopmen o pop hea e s. E en
in he epublics o he Union, “pop hea e s”, “pop o ches as”, “pop ensembles”, and “ ocal-
ins umen al g oups” appea ed. Compe i ions dedica ed o pop a began o disco e he names
o new g oups and pop singe s. New o ms o pop hea e - "dance g oup", "poe y hea e ",
" hea e o wo d mas e s". "Pan omime hea e " appea ed. These hea e s we e di ec ed and
managed by "Moses ada", "Lenes ada", "Ros ila monia". The o ganiza ions "Goskon se ",
"Soyuz-kon se " we e es ablished.
Ins umen al ensembles, known by his name, occupy a special place in he Russian pop
music o he 20 h cen u y. Such g oups could su p ise and deligh hei ans by playing chee ul
music wi h pleasan melodies, accompanying hose who could sing songs ha had become
popula among he people, and playing a anged e sions o newly appea ed popula songs.
P e iously, g oups o musicians who ga he ed o play ins umen s in open spaces and on
sidewalks g adually began o appea in conce halls. Jazz melodies c ea ed by pop o ches as in
he USA and Eu ope en iched he imagina ion o Russian a is s and ga e impe us o he
eme gence o new g oups. Since he 1935s, compose s who w o e songs speci ically o pop
o ches as appea ed in Russia. This was due o he c ea i e collabo a ion o he pop o ches a led
by he amous ac o , singe , humo is , and en e aine L.O. U yoso wi h he amous compose
o he ime I.O. Dune sky.
The melodies composed by local compose s o he pop o ches as ha eme ged in he
Union epublics du ing his pe iod became he basis o he apid de elopmen o he pop
o ches a di ec ion. Pop o ches as inc eased unde he adio commi ees, on he ini ia i e o
philha monics and conce o ganiza ions. Pop o ches as, which became he mos ac i e
pa icipan s in pop a compe i ions and es i als, con ibu ed o he popula i y o pop singe s and
he de elopmen o musical cul u e.
Re e ences
1. Ku baniyazo a Z. K. TA’LIM TIZIMIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT ELEMENTLARIDAN
FOYDALANISH ISTIQBOLLARI: YUTUQLAR VA KAMCHILIKLAR //In e
educa ion & global s udy. – 2025. – Т. 3. – №. 6. – С. 16-24.
2. Ku baniyazo a Z. BO ‘LAJAK O ‘QITUVCHILARNING KASBIY
KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA ARALASH TA’LIMNI JORIY
ETISHNING DIDAKTIK ASOSLARI //Science and inno a ion. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №.
Special Issue 9. – С. 405-408.
3. Kalbae na K. Z. INTEGRATED EDUCATION AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING
SOCIAL-PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS //In e na ional
Jou nal o Ea ly Childhood Special Educa ion. – 2022. – Т. 14. – №. 7.
4. Ku baniyazo a Z. K. Pedagogical possibili ies o in o ma ion educa ion en i onmen in
he de elopmen o socio-pedagogical compe ence o u u e eache s //ACADEMICIA:
An In e na ional Mul idisciplina y Resea ch Jou nal. – 2022. – Т. 12. – №. 7. – С. 180-
186.
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5. KURBANIYAZOVA Z. BOʻLAJAK OʻQITUVCHILARDA IJTIMOIY-PEDAGOGIK
KOMPETENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA OBYEKTGA DOIR PEDAGOGIK
VAZIYATLARNING AHAMIYATI //EDAGOGIK AHORAT. – С. 85.
6. Курбаниязова З. К. ЗДОРОВЫЙ ОБРАЗ ЖИЗНИ-ЗАЛОГ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ
НАЦИИ //EUROPEAN RESEARCH: INNOVATION IN SCIENCE, EDUCATION
AND TECHNOLOGY. – 2019. – С. 38-39.
7. Замира К. К. ТАЪЛИМНИНГ СИФАТИНИ ОШИРИШДА РИСКЛАР
МУАММОСИ //Cen al Asian Resea ch Jou nal o In e disciplina y S udies (CARJIS).
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