Ka aman, 2025.
Ulusla a ası Sağlık, Egze siz e Spo Bilimle i De gisi, (2024)
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h,
Exe cise, and Spo Sciences
(IJOSS) ISSN: 3023-8382
RESEARCH ARTICLE / A aş ı ma Makalesi Open Access/Açık E işim
IJOSS
© The Au ho (s), 2024. Open Access.
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Financial Go e nance and T ans e Policies in Foo ball: A Posi ional
Analysis o Expendi u es in Eu ope’s Top Leagues
Fu bolda Finansal Kon ol e T ans e S a ejile i: Büyük A upa Ligle inde Ha canan Pa ala ın
Dağılımı
Tane Ka aman1*
Abs ac
In his s udy, he expendi u es on playe pu chases and sales, as well as he dis ibu ion o hese
expendi u es by posi ion, we e examined in he op- ie oo ball leagues o England, I aly, Spain,
F ance, Ge many, and Tü kiye. Co e ing he pe iod om he 2014---2015 season o he 2023---
2024 season, he esea ch analyzed 19 ans e windows and e ealed ha eams spen a o al
o 48.69 billion eu os. The e alua ion o spending used desc ip i e s a is ical me hods which
analyzed da a acco ding o playe posi ions. The analysis e ealed spending ends and
in es men pa e ns ha exis ed be ween di e en posi ions. The analysis e eals ha eams
dedica e mos o hei budge o mid ielde s and o wa ds bu goalkeepe s and de ende s
ecei e minimal unding. The analysis used club ans e ma ke da abases as eliable sou ces o
ga he da a which main ained consis ency h oughou he esea ch p ocess. Foo ball club
manage s and head coaches ha e been ound o di ec mos o hei inancial in es men s in o
o ense o imp o e hei o ensi e capabili ies while paying minimal a en ion o de ense, while
eams need s a egic e o s o achie e o e all economic balance.
Keywo ds Managemen , Foo ball T ans e , Scou ing, Foo ball Playe Expendi u es.
ÖZ
Bu çalışmada İngil e e, İ alya, İspanya, F ansa, Almanya e Tü kiye'nin en üs düzey u bol
ligle inde oyuncu alım-sa ım ha camala ı e bu ha camala ın me kile e gö e dağılımı
incelenmiş i . 2014-2015 sezonundan 2023-2024 sezonuna kada olan dönemi kapsayan
a aş ı mada 19 ans e dönemi analiz edildi e akımla ın oplam 48,69 milya a o ha cadığı
o aya çık ı. Ha camala ın değe lendi ilmesinde, e ile i oyuncu pozisyonla ına gö e analiz eden
anımlayıcı is a is iksel yön emle kullanılmış ı . A aş ı ma, a klı me kile a asında a olan
ha cama eğilimle ini e ya ı ım modelle ini o aya çıka mış ı . Çalışma, akımla ın bü çele inin
çoğunu o a saha e o e oyuncula ına ayı dığını, kaleci e de ans oyuncula ının ise en az
kaynağı aldığını o aya koymuş u . İncelemede, a aş ı ma sü eci boyunca u a lılığı ko uyan
e ile i oplamak için gü enili kaynakla ola ak kulüp ans e piyasası e i abanla ı kullanılmış ı .
Fu bol kulübü yöne icile i e baş an enö le , hücum ye enekle ini geliş i mek için inansal
ya ı ımla ının çoğunu hücuma yönlendi i ken, sa unmaya asga i düzeyde ilgi gös e diği espi
edili ken, akımla ın genel ekonomik dengeyi sağlamak için s a ejik çabala a ih iyaç
duymak adı .
Anah a Kelimele Yöne im, Fu bol T ans e , Scou ing, Fu bolcu Ha camala ı.
h ps://www.ijoss.o g/A chi e/issue2- olume2/ijoss-Volume2-issue2-27.pd
*Co espondence:
Tane KARAMAN
n k [email protected]
1Depa men o Spo s
Managmen , Okan Uni e si y,
Is anbul, Tü kiye, E-mail:
[email p o ec ed]om
ORCID: 0000-0002-1468-4234
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17682684
Recei ed / Gönde im: 03.05.2025
Accep ed / Kabul: 24.06.2025
Published / Yayın: 30.06.2025
Volume 2, Issue 2, June, 2025
Cil 2, Sayı 2, Hazi an, 2025
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 314 o 321
In oduc ion
Psychological Foo ball, as he mos wa ched and ollowed spo in he wo ld, has become
a global phenomenon wi h inc easing socioeconomic impac (Çe inkaya & Yıldı ım,
2021). Ini ially played wi hou comme cial in en o o malized ules, oo ball has
unde gone a signi ican ans o ma ion, e ol ing in o a p o essional sec o in eg a ed
in o a as economic sys em (Kupe & Szymanski, 2014). Mode n oo ball is no longe
solely ocused on a hle ic success; i now ep esen s a mul i-ac o ma ke shaped by
massi e ans e spending, high playe wages, subs an ial sponso ship deals, ad e ising
in es men s, and ma ch-day e enues (Ande son & Sally, 2013).
In Eu ope’s op leagues—including England, Spain, Ge many, I aly, F ance, and
Tu key— he size and g ow h o he oo ball economy demons a e ha he spo has
ans o med in o a ull- ledged indus y (F ick, 2007). Fo ins ance, du ing he 2022/23
season, clubs in he “big i e” Eu opean leagues gene a ed a o al e enue o €19.6 billion,
e lec ing a 14% inc ease om he p e ious yea (Deloi e, 2024). As a esul , oo ball
clubs a e no longe me ely spo s o ganiza ions bu ha e become economic en i ies
ope a ing in an in ensely compe i i e ma ke (Aslan, 2018). This e olu ion has ede ined
he ole o oo balle s, who a e now seen no only as a hle es bu also as inancial asse s
wi hin a globalized oo ball economy (Ça i e al., 2017). Wi hin his con ex , clubs’
ans e s a egies and spending policies ha e eme ged as c ucial ac o s in luencing bo h
spo ing ou comes and inancial sus ainabili y.
The inc ease in playe p ices oge he wi h he limi ed a ailabili y o eli e playe s and
he ising compe i ion o ans e s means clubs need o adop in en ional inancial
managemen sys ems (Çı ak, 2020). The solu ion o hese p oblems equi es clubs o
balance hei inancial in lows wi h ou lows while adop ing well-planned ans e
app oaches ha ensu e inancial sus ainabili y (Ka aman & Ka agözoğlu, 2021). S udies
cu en ly a ailable demons a e how spo ing success c ea es a posi i e e ec on
inancial s abili y. E gül (2017) disco e ed ha Tu kish oo ball clubs achie ed be e
spo ing ou comes du ing 2005-2015 which subsequen ly imp o ed hei inancial
pe o mance. A s udy by Ça i e al. (2017) examined clubs in Ge many, Spain, I aly,
F ance, England, and Tu key om 2009 o 2014 ound ha eams wi h high endo semen
paymen s in ela ion o hei income pe o med wo se in spo s. The ma ke alue o
s a ing ele en playe s along wi h ans e ees and a e age playe age and he numbe
o playe s aged 30 o olde p o ed o be c ucial elemen s o de e mining eam
pe o mance (Gaspa ini, 2024).
The cu en esea ch demons a es ha be e inancial pe o mance me ics ( e u n
on asse s, liquidi y) c ea e posi i e co ela ions wi h spo ing success because well-
managed clubs achie e supe io esul s on he ield (Simone & Zana di, 2021). The CIES
Foo ball Obse a o y (2021) ound ha Eu opean op clubs con ol he ma ke
inancially which de e mines how compe i ion shapes up. Financial sus ainabili y
esea ch demons a es ha o ganiza ions need ex ended iscal planning o achie e
sus ained success (Mo ow, 2013). The implemen a ion o UEFA’s Financial Fai Play
egula ions leads o inancial s abili y because e alua ions demons a e hei essen ial
ole in p omo ing inancial s abili y (Pee e s & Szymanski, 2014). Resea ch on club
owne ship s uc u es alongside pe o mance goals shows a ious owne ship models
a ec s a egic decision-making p ocesses and club pe o mance ou comes (Wilson e
al., 2013). The esea ch a ge s a knowledge gap in he li e a u e by in es iga ing
posi ional ans e spending in Eu ope’s eli e leagues alongside i s e ec s on club
inancial epo s and spo s ou comes. The s udy s ands ou because o i s b oad ange
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 315 o 321
and la ge pa icipan g oup o deli e da a-based guidance o inancial managemen
owa d sus ainabili y.
Ma e ials and Me hods
The esea ch ocused on English P emie League, I alian Se ie A, Spanish LaLiga, F ench
Ligue 1, Ge man Bundesliga and Tu kish Supe League ans e s in 19 ans e windows
spanning om 2014 o 2024. The esea ch da a o igina ed om
www. ans e ma k .com. which ope a es as an open sou ce websi e o Ge man
company T ans e ma k GmbH & Co. KG ha deli e s oo ball da a di ec ly o use s.
The da a analysis included desc ip i e s a is ics o unde s and da a dis ibu ion ollowed
by able-based esul s which compa ed league-by-league indings. The scope o he
esea ch was ound e hically app op ia e o he s udy wi h he pe mission decision o
Is anbul Aydın Uni e si y E hics Commi ee mee ing da ed 15/02/2024 wi h he numbe
and decision numbe 2024/02.
Resea ch Design
This s udy adop s a desc ip i e su ey model aimed a analyzing playe ans e
expendi u es in p o essional oo ball. I co e s 19 ans e windows be ween he 2014–
2015 and 2023–2024 seasons ac oss six majo leagues: he English P emie League,
I alian Se ie A, Spanish LaLiga, F ench Ligue 1, Ge man Bundesliga, and he Tu kish
Supe League. The esea ch model is s uc u ed o allow compa a i e analysis ac oss
leagues.
Pa icipan s
The popula ion o his s udy consis s o p o essional oo ball clubs ope a ing in he op-
ie leagues o England, I aly, Spain, F ance, Ge many, and Tü kiye. The sample g oup
includes he ans e ac i i ies (pu chases and sales) o hese clubs du ing he 19 ans e
windows be ween 2014 and 2024. A o al ansac ion olume o 48.69 billion eu os was
analyzed wi hin his sample.
Da a Collec ion Tools
Da a o he s udy we e collec ed om www. ans e ma k .com. , an open-sou ce
pla o m widely ecognized o i s eliabili y in he oo ball indus y. Ope a ed by he
Ge man company T ans e ma k GmbH & Co. KG, he websi e p o ides comp ehensi e
da a on playe ans e s and ma ke alues.
Da a Analysis
The collec ed da a unde wen desc ip i e s a is ical analysis. The ini ial examina ion o
spending dis ibu ion occu ed h ough basic desc ip i e s a is ical me hods. The
esea ch included c ea ing compa a i e ables o e alua e how spending a ied be ween
leagues and di e en playe posi ions. The esea ch showed ha clubs dedica e mos o
hei budge o mid ielde s and o wa ds bu spend less on de ende s and goalkeepe s.
The esea ch e eals how clubs di ec hei esou ces owa d o ensi e posi ions ins ead
o de ensi e posi ions.
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 316 o 321
Findings
The main objec i e and sub-p oblems o he s udy a e p esen ed sys ema ically in
ela ion o he indings ob ained as a esul o he da a collec ion p ocess which o ms
he basis o he esea ch. The quan i a i e da a a e isualized h ough comp ehensi e
ables ha a e s uc u ed o acili a e meaning ul compa isons and in e p e a ions.
These ables ha e been ca e ully designed o enhance he eade ’s unde s anding and
o ensu e anspa ency in he analysis p ocess. Each able highligh s a speci ic heme o
e eals he ela ionship be ween a iables, he eby con ibu ing o a holis ic e alua ion
o he esea ch indings.
Table 1. Goalkeepe ans e expendi u es and e enues be ween 2014-2024
League Expendi u e Incoming
Sales Re enue Ou going
Expendi u e Incoming
Playe
Sales Re enue Ou going
Playe
P emie League LeLeague 874.37 million € 408 316.85 million
€
429
Se ie A 383.09 million € 774 364.07 million
€
801
LaLiga 276.73 million € 246 313.40 million
€
273
Ligue 1 187.75 million € 248 159.45 million
€
299
Bundesliga
164.97 million
€
217
160.01 million
€
247
Supe League 32.54 million € 359 23.52 million € 402
To al
1.92 billion € 2254 1.33 billion € 2451
In he esea ch conduc ed on goalkeepe ans e s in he leagues included in he
uni e se in Table 1, i was de e mined ha 2254 goalkeepe ans e s we e made in 19
ans e seasons in o al in he leagues, while i was seen ha 2451 goalkeepe s we e
pa ed ways. The clubs spen 1.92 billion Eu os o he goalkeepe s pu chased and ea ned
1.33 billion Eu os om he playe s sold. The income and expendi u e balance shee o
he goalkeepe ans e s made in he leagues was a loss o 590 million Eu os.
Table 2. De ende playe ans e expendi u es and e enues be ween 2014-2024
League Expendi u e Incoming
Playe Sales Re enue Ou going
Playe
P emie League 5.15 billion € 1105 2.09 billion € 1170
Se ie A 2.67 billion € 2674 2.32 billion € 2717
LaLiga 1.61 billion € 1010 1.74 billion € 1073
Ligue 1 1.35 billion € 884 1.52 billion € 1001
Bundesliga 1.8 billion € 755 1.39 billion € 827
Supe League 271.7 million € 1465 243.21 million
€
1534
To al 12.85 billion € 7893 9.30 billion € 8322
In Table 2, he same esea ch is analyzed o e de ende s. Acco dingly, 7893
de ende s we e ans e ed o he eams in 19 ans e seasons and 8322 playe s we e
pa ed ways. While 12 billion 850 million Eu os we e spen on he playe s included in
he squads, 9 billion 300 million Eu os we e ea ned om he playe s sold. In 19 pe iods
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 317 o 321
in he leagues, a loss o 3 billion 550 million Eu os eme ged in he income and
expendi u e balance shee om de ensi e playe s.
Table 3. Mid ield ans e expendi u es and e enues be ween 2014-2024
League
Expendi u e
Incoming
Sales
Ou going Playe
P emie League 6.01 billion € 984 2.56 billion € 1041
Se ie A 3.05 billg hon € 2595 2.75 billion € 2633
LaLiga 1.95 billion € 833 1.57 billion € 906
Bundesliga 1.71 billion € 691 1.81 billion € 815
Ligue 1 1.56 billion € 831 2.12 billion € 982
Supe League 321.74 million
€
1345 268.22
million
€
1404
To al 14.60 billion € 7279 11.07 billion
€
7781
The analy ical p ocedu es p e iously applied o goalkeepe s and de ende s we e
simila ly conduc ed o mid ield playe s, and he ou comes o his e alua ion a e
sys ema ically p esen ed in Table 3. In line wi h he da a ob ained, i was de e mined
ha oo ball clubs ac oss he leagues ans e ed a o al o 7,279 mid ield playe s,
co esponding o an expendi u e o app oxima ely 14.6 billion Eu os. In con as , hese
clubs sold 7,781 mid ield playe s, gene a ing a e enue o 11.07 billion Eu os.
Consequen ly, a nega i e ans e balance o 3.53 billion Eu os eme ged speci ically
om ansac ions in ol ing mid ielde s. This inancial de ici highligh s he
disp opo iona ely high in es men made in acqui ing mid ield playe s ela i e o he
income ob ained om hei sales, he eby unde sco ing a s uc u al imbalance in
ans e ma ke dynamics wi hin his posi ional g oup.
Table 4. O ensi e playe ans e expendi u es and e enues be ween 2014-2024
League Expendi u e Incoming Playe Sales Re enue Ou going Playe
P emie League 7.11 billion € 1214 3.94 billion € 1271
Se ie A 3.55 billion € 2492 3.01 billion € 2520
LaLiga 3.18 billion € 1278 2.85 billion € 1355
Ligue 1 2.72 billion € 1043 2.58 billion € 1132
Bundesliga 2.33 billion € 854 2.35 billion € 896
Supe League 417.83 mil. € 1656 403.05 mil. € 1693
To al 19,3 billion € 8537 15,13 billion € 8867
In Table 4, ans e de ails on a acking playe s a e gi en. While he pic u e o he
leagues ha incu ed losses om he pu chase and sale o goalkeepe s, de ende s and
mid ielde s did no change o a acking playe s, he eams paid 19 billion 300 million
Eu os o 8537 playe s and ans e ed hem o hei squads.
In he same pe iod, he clubs ha sold 8867 a acking playe s ea ned 15 billion 130
million Eu os om hese sales, while he ans e balance shee e lec ed a minus o 4
billion 170 million Eu os.
Table 5. T ans e expendi u es and e enues a all posi ions be ween 2014-2024
League
Expendi u e
Incoming
Sales Re enue
Ou going
P emie League
19.15 billion
€
3711
8.90 billion
€
3911
Se ie A
9.65 billion
€
8535
8.45
billion
€
8671
LaLiga
7.01 billion
€
3367
6.47 billion
€
3607
Bundesliga
6.02 billion
€
2517
5.71 billion
€
2785
Ligue 1
5.82 billion
€
3006
6.38 billion
€
3414
Supe League
1.04 billion
€
4825
938.00 mil.
€
5033
To al
48
.
69 billion
€
25961
36
.
84
billion
€
27421
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 318 o 321
Table 5 shows ha be ween 2014 and 2024, EUR 48 billion 690 million was spen on
25,961 ans e s, while EUR 36 billion 840 million was ea ned om he sale o 27,421
oo ball playe s. The English P emie League leads he able wi h an expendi u e o €19
billion 150 million and a sales e enue o €8 billion 900 million, while I aly's Se ie A anks
second wi h an expendi u e o €9 billion 650 million and a e enue o €8 billion 450
million. In he Tu kish Supe League, €1 billion 40 million was spen and €938 million
in sales e enue was gene a ed in 19 ans e seasons.
Table 6. Leagues wi h he highes expendi u e in a season be ween 2014-2024
League Season Expendi u e Incoming
Playe Sales Re enue Ou going
Playe
P emie League 2022-23 3.10 billion € 471 1.03 billion € 389
P emie League
2023
-
24
2.80 billion
€
349
1.52 billion
€
322
P emie League 2017-18 2.18 billion € 427 1.34 billion € 406
P emie League
2019
-
20
1.79 billion
€
419
930.72 mil.
€
401
P emie League
2021
-
22
1.71
billion
€
395
814.34 mil.
€
363
P emie League 2016-17 1.67 billion € 423 871.87 mil. € 392
P emie League 2022-23 3.10 billion € 471 1.03 billion € 389
An in-dep h analysis o he leagues wi h he highes seasonal ans e expendi u es
e eals ha he English P emie League consis en ly anks among he op six ac oss
mul iple seasons. As demons a ed in Table 6, English clubs s ood ou p ominen ly in
he 2022–2023 season wi h a o al spending o app oxima ely 3.1 billion Eu os. This
subs an ial in es men no only placed hem a he op o ha speci ic season bu also
secu ed hei posi ion as he leading league in cumula i e spending ac oss he en i e
2014–2024 pe iod. This end highligh s he P emie League's sus ained inancial
dominance in he global oo ball economy, d i en by i s luc a i e b oadcas ing e enues,
comme cial pa ne ships, and compe i i e ambi ions. The da a sugges ha English
clubs, mo e han hose in any o he league, ha e main ained a long- e m s a egy
cen e ed on agg essi e playe acquisi ions, which has had signi ican implica ions o he
global ans e ma ke landscape.
Table 7. Pu chasing expendi u e pe playe by posi ion be ween 2014-2024
In Table 7, while he expendi u es and e enues on posi ions a e calcula ed on a
playe basis, i is e ealed ha clubs spend mo e on a acking playe s and gene a e mo e
sales e enues han o he posi ions. Acco dingly, an a e age o 2 million 260 housand
747 Eu os was spen on each a acking playe be ween 2014-2024, while 1 million 706
housand 327 Eu os was ea ned om hei sales. This alue was 2 million 5 housand 770
Eu o expendi u e and 1 million 422 housand 696 Eu o income o mid ielde s, 1 million
628 housand 25 Eu o expendi u e and 1 million 117 housand 520 housand income o
de ende s. In his p ocess, he eams spen an a e age o 851 housand 819 Eu os pe
playe on goalkeepe ans e s and ea ned 542 housand 636 Eu os om hei sales.
Posi ion
Incoming
Playe
Expendi u e Expendi u
e/Playe
Ou going
Playe
Sales
Re enue
Income/Pl
aye
Goalkeep
e
2254
1.92 billion
€
851.819
€
2451
1.33
billion
€
542.636
€
De ense
7893 12.85 billion
€
1.628.025 € 8322 9.30
billion
€
1.117.520 €
Mid ield
7279 14.60 billion
€
2.005.770 € 7781 11.07
billion
€
1.422.696 €
O ense
8537
19.30 billion
€
2.260.747
€
8867
15.13
billion
€
1.706.327
€
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 319 o 321
Discussion and Conclusion
Foo ball clubs inancial s abili y depends on hei oo ball pe o mance as well as hei
inancial managemen . P o essional oo ball clubs ha e made ans e spending a i al
ins umen o achie e success du ing hei p o essionaliza ion p ocess in ecen yea s.
Club manage s who wan immedia e esul s ha e aised hei ans e budge s
subs an ially which has esul ed in billions o Eu os spen h oughou he yea s. The
esea ch in es iga es he o al ans e spending in England, I aly, Spain, F ance,
Ge many and Tu kish op leagues om 2014-15 h ough 2023-24 oo ball seasons.
The esea ch e eals a signi ican di e ence in spending be ween a ious posi ions.
The esea ch shows ha clubs alloca e signi ican ly less money o de ende s and
goalkeepe s han o mid ielde s and a acking playe s. The unequal dis ibu ion o unds
indica es ha oo ball clubs di ec hei p io i ies owa d o ensi e s a egies because o
he g owing a ack- ocused na u e o mode n oo ball. The ailu e o in es in de ense
may p oduce ac ical weaknesses and uns able eam pe o mance despi e a acking
playe s' essen ial ole in c ea ing sco ing chances. The ma ke alue end suppo s
p e ious esea ch which ound ha o ensi e playe s inc ease hei alue because hey
di ec ly a ec ma ches and gene a e comme cial in e es (F ick, 2007).
The esea ch demons a es ha ans e spending a ec s bo h eam pe o mance in
he ield and he o e all inancial o ganiza ion o spo s clubs. When clubs spend oo
much on ans e s hey c ea e inancial ins abili y which p oduces long- e m economic
p oblems. The inancial collapse o Malaga CF and Pa ma FC demons a es how poo
ans e managemen leads o inancial disas e s and bank up cy o o ced elega ion.
Many clubs ace di icul ies in mee ing inancial ai play (FFP) equi emen s because
hese egula ions aim o p e en clubs om ope a ing beyond hei inancial capabili ies
(Mülle e al., 2012).
Clubs need o adop di e en s a egies which include be e scou ing sys ems and
AI-based analy ics and you h de elopmen p og ams acco ding o Ande son & Sally
(2013) and Özsoy & Ka akuş (2023). B en o d FC and FC Mid jylland ha e shown ha
sus ainable success is possible h ough low-cos scou ing me hods and da a-d i en
ec ui men models (Gaspa ini, 2024). The implemen ed s a egies help clubs manage
hei inances e ec i ely while gaining compe i i e bene i s h ough he iden i ica ion o
unde alued alen .
The esea ch esul s demons a e he equi emen o clubs o implemen logical and
endu ing ans e s a egies. Clubs ha p io i ize high ans e spending o immedia e
success isk damaging hei spo ing pe o mance and inancial s abili y. Clubs mus
e iew hei ans e app oaches o es ablish endu ing inancial s abili y h ough
sus ainable planning. Clubs ha implemen balanced ans e s a egies achie e bo h
sus ained on- ield success and inancial s abili y. The app oach o depending on cos ly
playe acquisi ions o achie e quick success exposes eams o majo inancial and a hle ic
dange s. Clubs need o de elop s a egic plans combined wi h sus ained squad
de elopmen and equal posi ion in es men s o achie e compe i i e s abili y and
inancial s abili y acco ding o esea ch (Kupe & Szymanski, 2014).
This s udy demons a es ha oo ball clubs need o de elop s a egic and balanced
ans e policies. Foo ball clubs ha es ablish inancial models and analy ical
ec ui men p ocedu es will educe ola ili y while achie ing long- e m success in he
changing oo ball en i onmen . The me hod p o ides oo ball clubs wi h a di ec ion o
na iga e he expanding inancial obs acles o he indus y while main aining hei
compe i i eness in bo h compe i ion and comme cial sec o s.
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 320 o 321
Recommenda ions
Clubs need o sp ead hei ans e unds ac oss e e y posi ion because excessi e a ack
in es men c ea es de ense and goalkeeping neglec .
T ans e s a egies need o base hei planning on long- e m squad de elopmen
ins ead o ocusing on immedia e pe o mance esul s.
AI-suppo ed scou ing oge he wi h analy ical ools enables clubs o de ec
unde alued alen while dec easing hei ans e expenses.
In es men in you h de elopmen p og ams leads o a con inuous supply o skilled
playe s who lowe he need o expensi e ans e acquisi ions.
Financial ai play ules equi e clubs o main ain p ope compliance because non-
compliance leads o sanc ions and inancial ins abili y in he long un.
Clubs need o c ea e s uc u ed budge ing amewo ks which enable anspa en
inancial planning o ans e ope a ions and isk educ ion.
Kısal mala / Abb e ia ions
SD S anda d De ia ion (S anda Sapma)
X O alama
SPSS S a is ical Package o he Social Sciences
p p-değe i (Sonucun is a is iksel ola ak anlamlı olup olmadığını gös e i .)
n Kişi Sayısı
Beyanla / Decla a ions
E ik Onay e Ka ılım Onayı / E hics app o al and consen o pa icipa e
Bu çalışmanın hazı lanma e yazım sü ecinde ‘‘Yükseköğ e im Ku umla ı Bilimsel A aş ı ma e Yayın E iği Yöne gesi’’
kapsamında bilimsel, e ik e alın ı ku alla ına uyulmuş olup; oplanan e ile üze inde he hangi bi ah i a yapılmamış
e bu çalışma he hangi başka bi akademik yayın o amına değe lendi me için gönde ilmemiş i . Makale ile ilgili
doğabilecek he ü lü ihlalle de so umluluk yaza a ai i .
Du ing he p epa a ion and w i ing o his s udy, he p inciples o scien i ic in eg i y, e hics, and ci a ion, as s ipula ed
in he ‘‘Highe Educa ion Ins i u ions Scien i ic Resea ch and Publica ion E hics Di ec i e,’’ we e ully obse ed; no
alsi ica ion was made on he collec ed da a, and his s udy has no been submi ed o any o he academic
publica ion pla o m o e alua ion. The au ho bea s ull esponsibili y o any po en ial iola ions ega ding he
a icle.
Ve i e Ma e yal E işilebili liği / A ailabili y o da a and ma e ial
Bu çalışmanın bulgula ını des ekleyen e ile , makul aleple üze ine so umlu yaza dan emin edilebili . Ve i se i
yalnızca akademik amaçla için e işilebili olacak e e ile in he hangi bi kullanımı, o ijinal çalışmayı e e ans
gös e ecek e ka ılımcıla ın gizliliğini ko uyacak ı .
The da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable om he co esponding au ho upon easonable eques .
The da ase will be accessible only o academic pu poses, and any use o he da a will ecognize he o iginal s udy
and main ain he con den iali y o he pa icipan s.
Çıka Ça ışması / Compe ing in e es s
Yaza la , bu makalede sunulan çalışmayı e kileyebilecek he hangi bi çıka ça ışması eya kişisel ilişkiye sahip
olmadıkla ını beyan e mek edi le .
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no known compe ing inancial in e es s o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e
appea ed o in luence he wo k epo ed in his pape .
Yaza Ka kıla ı / Au ho s’ Con ibu ion S a emen
Çalışmanın asa ımı e planlanması; e i oplama, analiz eya yo umlama; makalenin yazımı; e i düzenleme, yön em
beli leme, özgün aslak yazımı ile gözden geçi me e düzenleme gibi üm sü eçle ek yaza a a ından eşi düzeyde
ge çekleş i ilmiş i . Yaza , makalenin üm bölümle ini eleş i el bi şekilde değe lendi miş e son halini onaylamış ı .
All s ages o he s udy------including i s design and planning, da a collec ion, analysis and in e p e a ion, manusc ip
p epa a ion, da a o ganisa ion, me hodological s uc u ing, d a ing, and subsequen e iew and e ision------we e
unde aken solely by he au ho wi h equal con ibu ion ac oss all p ocesses. The au ho c i ically e alua ed e e y
pa o he manusc ip and app o ed i s inal e sion.
Ka aman, 2025.
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences Vol 2, issue 2, June
2025 Page 321 o 321
Fon Des eği / Funding
None.
Teşekkü / Acknowledgemen s
None.
APA 7 Ci a ion
Ka aman, T. (2025 Financial Go e nance and T ans e Policies in Foo ball: A Posi ional Analysis o
Expendi u es in Eu ope’s Top Leagues .
In e na ional Jou nal o Heal h, Exe cise, and Spo Sciences (IJOSS),
2
(2), 313–321. h ps://www.ijoss.o g/A chi e/issue2- olume2/ijoss-Volume2-issue2-27.pd
Re e ences / Kaynakla
Ande son, C., & Sally, D. (2013).
The numbe s game: Why e e y hing you know abou oo ball is w ong.
UK:
Penguin Books.
Aslan, T. (2018). Analyzing he inancial pe o mance o oo ball clubs wi h a io me hod: An applica ion on
socce clubs aded on BIST.
Jou nal o Accoun ing and Tax P ac ices, 11
(3), 349–362.
CIES Foo ball Obse a o y. (2021).
Financial analysis o big-5 league clubs' ans e s.
h ps:// oo ball-
obse a o y.com Re i ed om May 12, 2025.
Ça i, K., Eş, A., & Öze in, O. (2017). Analyzing he inancial and spo ing ac i i ies o oo ball eams wi h en opy
and opsis me hod: An applica ion on Eu ope’s 5 majo leagues and Supe League.
In e na ional
Jou nal o Managemen Economics and Business, 13
(1), 199–222.
h ps://doi.o g/10.17130/ijmeb.20173126270
Çe inkaya, G., & Yıldı ım, Ü. (2021). P o i -loss analysis o o eign playe ans e s in Tu kish oo ball.
The Jou nal
o Social Science, 5(
9), 176–188. h ps://doi.o g/10.30520/ jsosci.846934
Çı ak, M. F. (2020).
T ans o ming oo ball and oo ball ac o s in he digi al age.
Published Mas e 's Thesis,
Is anbul Medipol Uni e si y, Ins i u e o Social Sciences, Is anbul.
Deloi e. (2024).
Annual Re iew o Foo ball Finance 2024.
Deloi e Spo s Business G oup.
h ps://www.deloi e.com/uk/en/se ices/ inancial-ad iso y/ esea ch/annual- e iew-o - oo ball-
inance-eu ope.h ml
Di Simone, L., & Zana di, D. (2021). On he ela ionship be ween spo and inancial pe o mances: an empi ical
in es iga ion.
Manage ial Finance, 47
(6), 812824. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/MF-09-2020-0478
E gül, N. (2017). Tes ing he ela ionship be ween he success o spo s clubs in oo ball and he inancial
success o spo s companies.
Hace epe Uni e si y Jou nal o Facul y o Economics and
Adminis a i e Sciences, 35
(3), 95–125.
F ick, B. (2007). The Foo ball Playe s' Labo Ma ke : Empi ical E idence om he Majo Eu opean Leagues.
Sco ish Jou nal o Poli ical Economy, 54
(3), 422–446. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.1467-
9485.2007.00423.x
Gaspa ini, S. (2024). Inno a i e inancial s a egies in oo ball: A quan i a i e analysis o pe o mance,
in es men and isk. Published Mas e 's Thesis, Uni e si a Ca’ Fosca i Venezia.
Ka aman, T., & Ka agözoğlu, C. (2021). Modeling he ac o s a ec ing poin sco ing in oo ball eams in he
Tu kish Supe League.
In e na ional Jou nal o Spo , Exe cise and T aining Sciences, 7
(4), 171–181.
Kupe , S., & Szymanski, S. (2014).
Socce nomics.
UK: Ha pe Spo .
Mo ow, S. (2013). Foo ball club inancial epo ing: ime o a new model?
Spo , Business and Managemen ,
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Mülle , J. C., Lamme , J., & Ho emann, G. (2012). The inancial ai play egula ions o UEFA: An adequa e
concep o ensu e he long- e m iabili y o Eu opean club oo ball?
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2), 117–140.
Özsoy, D., & Ka akuş, O. (2023).
Spo endüs isinde yapay zeka.
E e Akademi Yayınla ı. [Tu kish]
Pee e s, T., & Szymanski, S. (2014). Financial ai play in Eu opean oo ball.
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(78), 343–390.
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Publishe s’ No e
IJOSS emains neu al wi h ega d o ju isdic ional claims in published maps and ins i u ional a ilia ions.
