Muwa u, Simon Pe e ; Röl e , Lena; Sche an, Jü gen; Cos a, Ma ía Máñez
A icle — Published Ve sion
A amewo k o assessing social s uc u e in communi y
go e nance o sus ainable u ban d ainage sys ems:
insigh s om a li e a u e e iew
Mi iga ion and Adap a ion S a egies o Global Change
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Sp inge Na u e
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Muwa u, Simon Pe e ; Röl e , Lena; Sche an, Jü gen; Cos a, Ma ía Máñez
(2024) : A amewo k o assessing social s uc u e in communi y go e nance o sus ainable u ban
d ainage sys ems: insigh s om a li e a u e e iew, Mi iga ion and Adap a ion S a egies o Global
Change, ISSN 1573-1596, Sp inge Ne he lands, Do d ech , Vol. 29, Iss. 5,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s11027-024-10136-2
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A amewo k o assessing social s uc u e incommuni y
go e nance o sus ainable u ban d ainage sys ems: insigh s
omali e a u e e iew
SimonPe e Muwa u1· LenaRöl e 3· Jü genSche an2· Ma íaMáñezCos a1
Recei ed: 2 Augus 2023 / Accep ed: 12 Ap il 2024 / Published online: 25 Ap il 2024
© The Au ho (s) 2024
Abs ac
The u iliza ion o Sus ainable U ban D ainage Sys ems (SUDS) as Na u e-based Solu-
ions (NBS) holds signi ican p omise o enhancing esilience agains clima e change-
induced looding and p omo ing communi y well-being in u ban a eas o Sub-Saha an
A ica. While exis ing esea ch p edominan ly emphasizes echnical aspec s wi hin he
NBS amewo k, unde s anding he socio-go e nance dynamics a he communi y le el is
equally impe a i e, pa icula ly gi en he decen alized na u e o SUDS. This s udy aims
o complemen he p e ailing echnical ocus by examining he social dimensions o com-
muni y go e nance ela ed o SUDS implemen a ion. Th ough a li e a u e e iew, key
de e minan s o social s uc u e in luencing success ul communi y go e nance in SUDS
managemen a e iden i ied, and ca ego ized in o ac o s, esou ces, discou ses, and ules o
engagemen . An inno a i e assessmen amewo k comp ising 65 indica o s is p oposed
o e alua e hese de e minan s, o e ing a comp ehensi e ool o schola s and p ac i ion-
e s. By in eg a ing social conside a ions in o SUDS managemen p ac ices, his esea ch
seeks o in o m policy o mula ion and s a egies ailo ed o Sub-Saha an A ican ci ies,
acili a ing equi able and pa icipa o y u ban s o mwa e managemen ini ia i es c ucial o
add essing clima e change challenges.
Keywo ds U ban S o mwa e Managemen · G een In as uc u e· Sub-Saha an Ci ies·
Adap a ion· Policy A angemen App oach· Li e a u e e iew
1 In oduc ion
U ban a eas globally, especially in Sub-Saha an A ica, g apple wi h signi ican challenges
in managing s o mwa e uno e ec i ely, amids he challenges o apid u baniza ion, popu-
la ion g ow h, and inadequa e d ainage in as uc u e. (WMO 2019; IPCC 2022a, b) These
* Simon Pe e Muwa u
simon.muw[email p o ec ed]
1 Helmhol z-Zen um He eon GERICS-Deu sches Ins i u Fü Klimase ices, Hambu g, Ge many
2 Ins i u e o Geog aphy, Uni e si y o Hambu g, Hambu g, Ge many
3 Facul y o Sus ainabili y, Leuphana Uni e si y Lünebu g, Lünebu g, Ge many
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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42 Page 2 o 19
di icul ies a e compounded by he escala ing impac s o clima e change, which exace ba e
looding isks and s ain exis ing wa e managemen sys ems (UN-Habi a 2014).
In esponse, Sus ainable U ban D ainage Sys ems (SUDS) ha e eme ged as p omis-
ing solu ions, le e aging na u e-based app oaches o mi iga e hyd ological imbalances
(Cha leswo h e al. 2017). SUDS, inco po a ing g een in as uc u e elemen s like ain
ga dens and g een oo s, mimic na u e’s abili y o manage s o mwa e uno by cap u ing,
ea ing, and eusing i (Da is and Naumann 2017; Depie i and McPhea son 2017. No a-
bly, SUDS a e p ima ily managed a he local o communi y le els, necessi a ing commu-
ni y-le el go e nance o inclusi e decision-making and ailo ed p ojec implemen a ion o
mee speci ic local needs (E ans 2011).
Communi y go e nance, emphasizing local managemen and decision-making, plays
a pi o al ole in add essing communi y needs, enhancing capaci y, and p omo ing well-
being wi hin he con ex o SUDS implemen a ion (To ikidis, A ms ong, & F ancis,
2005). Th ough pa icipa o y p ocesses, communi y go e nance iden i ies and imple-
men s ac i i ies, enhancing adap i e capaci y and add essing ulne abili ies exace ba ed
by clima e change (Aye s and Fo sy h 2009; Reid e al. 2009). Howe e , he in luence
o social s uc u e de e minan s signi ican ly shapes he collabo a i e and pa icipa-
o y na u e o communi y go e nance, such as in he case o SUDS (Do s e al. 2022).
These de e minan s, encompassing social ac o s, guide in e ac ions among communi y
membe s, go e nance p ocedu es, and policy p ocesses ela ed o accoun abili y and
e ec i eness (Máñez e al. 2014; Fazey e al. 2021). Unde s anding he impac o hese
social de e minan s wi hin he communi y go e nance amewo k o SUDS is essen ial
o guiding decision-making p ocesses and enhancing communi y o ganiza ion (Mguni
e al. 2016a).
Despi e he signi icance o social s uc u es, a no able knowledge gap exis s conce n-
ing hei speci ic in luence on he in eg a ion o communi y go e nance in o u ban s o m-
wa e policy amewo ks, especially ega ding SUDS u iliza ion in Sub-Saha an A ica.
To add ess his gap, ou s udy aims o explo e he in ica e ela ionship be ween social
s uc u es and e ec i e communi y go e nance mechanisms o SUDS o u ban s o m-
wa e managemen in he Sub-Saha an con ex . Th ough li e a u e e iew and he Policy
A angemen App oach (A s and Go e de 2006; Lie e ink 2006), we aim o iden i y key
social s uc u e de e minan s shaping success ul communi y go e nance pa e ns wi hin
na u e-based u ban s o mwa e managemen sys ems.
Speci ically, ou s udy in ends o achie e he ollowing objec i es:
i) Re iew exis ing li e a u e on social s uc u e de e minan s in luencing success ul com-
muni y go e nance, pa icula ly in he con ex o u ban s o mwa e managemen .
ii) P opose a no el amewo k o assessing social s uc u e de e minan s in he in eg a ion
o communi y go e nance o SUDS in o policy amewo ks.
iii) Discuss he p ac ical implica ions o assessing social s uc u e de e minan s o in o m-
ing policy design and implemen a ion s a egies in Sub-Saha an A ican ci ies.
This s udy’s signi icance lies in i s abili y o guide he de elopmen o cus om-
ized s o mwa e managemen policies. Ou newly de eloped amewo k o e alua ing
social s uc u e de e minan s in in eg a ing communi y go e nance o SUDS unde -
sco es he impo ance o o ganized in eg a ion in s a egy p ocesses. I acknowledges
di e se o ms o au ho i y and he dynamic na u e o change in implemen a ion a he
communi y le el, a no el app oach no p e iously applied o SUDS. By empowe ing
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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communi ies o shape hei u ban en i onmen s, ou app oach os e s esilience and
p omo es sus ainable de elopmen p ac ices oo ed in local con ex s.
2 Me hodology
We ollow a h ee-s ep app oach o achie e he a o emen ioned objec i es, including a li -
e a u e e iew, analysis, and concep ualiza ion.
2.1 Li e a u e e iew
In he i s s ep, we conduc ed a ho ough li e a u e sea ch in Decembe 2022, using he
SCOPUS da abase. This sea ch is in eg al o ou esea ch syn hesis me hodology, which
in ol es selec ing, e alua ing, and syn hesizing ele an exis ing li e a u e on he opic
(Xiao and Wa son, 2019). Ou goal was o ga he di e se s udies on go e nance in imple-
men ing na u e-based solu ions o s o mwa e managemen , wi h a speci ic ocus on Sub-
Saha an A ican ci ies. We chose he SCOPUS da abase o i s b oad co e age, mul idisci-
plina y con en , and ad anced indexing capabili ies, enhancing he likelihood o cap u ing
a ele an body o li e a u e. To expand ou in es iga ion, we explo ed addi ional sou ces
like Web o Science, C oss- e , Google Schola , Resea chGa e, and Academia.
Using a combina ion o OR/AND Boolean sea ch c i e ia, we u ilized selec ed keywo ds
aligned wi h he concep domains o ou esea ch ques ions. The keywo ds, “na u e-based
solu ions,” OR “g een in as uc u e,” aimed o explo e a ious aspec s o s o mwa e man-
agemen h ough s a egically planned na u al spaces. We also included “sus ainable u ban
d ainage” keywo ds o ocus on sus ainable app oaches. Recognizing he impo ance o
communi y in ol emen , inco po a ing ’planning’ OR ‘managemen ’ keywo ds was c ucial
o ga he ing li e a u e on he s a egic planning and e ec i e managemen o na u e-based
solu ions, co e ing policy amewo ks, implemen a ion s a egies, and p ojec manage-
men app oaches. Region-speci ic keywo ds ’A ica’ and ’Sub-Saha an’ e ined he ocus
o he A ican con ex . This app oach aimed o balance exhaus i eness and p ecision in ou
sea ch (Xiao and Wa son 2019).
To es ablish inclusion and exclusion c i e ia, we de ined a speci ic ime ame
(2011–2022) o cap u e no iceable shi s in li e a u e and discou ses ega ding na u e-
based solu ions. This pe iod also aligns wi h signi ican ad ancemen s in he ield. In he
subsequen phase, we limi ed he sea ch o English li e a u e o ensu e linguis ic cohe ence.
A icles we e selec ed by eading i les and abs ac s, p io i izing hose add essing sub-
Saha an A ican con ex s. The au ho s had he eedom o inco po a e a icles wi h po en-
ial egional signi icance o sub-Saha an con ex s. F om he ini ially iden i ied 87 a icles,
47 we e deemed ele an a e excluding hose p ima ily add essing wa e sys ems, s o m-
wa e quali y, pollu ion, sani a ion, s o mwa e uno modeling, and u ban o es y.
2.2 Analysis
In he second s ep, he selec ed li e a u e was ca e ully analyzed o iden i y concep s, a gu-
men s, and indings ha con ibu e o de ining he c i ical de e minan s associa ed wi h
a ious dimensions o he policy a angemen app oach, which a e pe inen o he esea ch
objec i e. This analysis encompasses discussions ha po en ially a ec he communi y-
le el go e nance o SUDS (Fig.1).
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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The policy a angemen app oach used as a ounda ion o he analysis links s uc u al,
social, and poli ical changes o e e yday shi s in policy implemen a ion. Fo ins ance,
communi y-based go e nance, as a policy a angemen , s abilizes he s uc u e and con-
en o a speci ic policy domain a a pa icula policymaking le el o ac oss mul iple
le els (Le oy and A s 2006). This app oach comp ises ou in e connec ed dimensions,
wi h h ee ocusing on o ganiza ional o s uc u al aspec s: ac o s and coali ions, o mal
and in o mal ules, and esou ces and associa ed powe . The ou h dimension pe ains o
subs ance, encompassing discou ses e lec ing ac o s’ pe spec i es. Changes in one dimen-
sion co espondingly impac he o he s (Lie e ink 2006). The in e play be ween he ou
dimensions is depic ed h ough a e ahed on, as shown in he Fig.2 below.
In his s udy, communi y go e nance o SUDS in ol es coo dina ing he o ganiza ional
and policy p ocesses and he in e ac ions be ween di e en social and poli ical communi y
Fig.1 Th ee-s ep app oach o de eloping an assessmen amewo k o social s uc u e de e minan s o
communi y go e nance o SUDS
Fig. 2 Model o he Policy A angemen App oach (adap ed om (A s and Go e de 2006))
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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ac o s owa ds a common public objec i e o enhancing he sus ainabili y and equi y o
u ban s o mwa e managemen using SUDS. The ac o s in ol ed in he communi y go -
e nance o SUDS po en ially include public and p i a e s akeholde s such as landowne s,
communi y planne s, u ban planning p o essionals, and ci il socie y o ganiza ions (Qiao
e al. 2019). Resou ces include communi y-le el inancial esou ces and acili ies, knowl-
edge and skills esou ces, and land p io i ies. The ules o he game include he o mal and
in o mal no ms ha de ine he ac ions o communi y ac o s du ing he implemen a ion o
SUDS. A he same ime, discou ses e e o communi y-le el a i udes and pe spec i es
owa d SUDS (Qiao e al. 2018). Communi y change p ocesses can be complex and nonlin-
ea as di e en ac o s engage in a ious ways, po en ially leading o solu ions and dispa i-
ies due o a ying pe spec i es on he challenges (Ca men e al. 2021).
2.3 Concep ualiza ion o indica o s
In he hi d s ep, indica o s a e o mula ed based on his analysis o assess he di e se
de e minan s iden i ied in he li e a u e. These indica o s aid in iden i ying he mos c u-
cial issues wi hin each o he ou dimensions and acili a e he measu emen o he pe -
o mance o hese dimensions wi hin he communi y go e nance o SUDS o s o mwa e
managemen .
3 A amewo k o assessing social s uc u e de e minan s inlocal
communi y le el go e nance o SUDS
3.1 Dimensions andsocial s uc u e de e minan s
The summa y o social s uc u e de e minan s ha a ec he communi y go e nance o
SUDS is ca ego ized acco ding o he ou dimensions o he policy a angemen app oach:
ac o s, esou ces, discou ses, and ules o he game, as depic ed in Table1.
3.2 Ac o s
In sub-Saha an ci ies, he communi y go e nance o SUDS in ol es a ange o ac o s and
s akeholde s. Public s akeholde s may include go e nmen o icials and local au ho i y ep-
esen a i es esponsible o u ban planning and in as uc u e de elopmen (He slund and
Mguni 2019). P i a e s akeholde s, on he o he hand, may include landowne s, p ope y
de elope s, and consul an s in ol ed in u ban planning and design. In addi ion, ci il soci-
e y o ganiza ions, communi y planne s, and u ban planning p o essionals may also play a
ole in he communi y go e nance o SUDS (Mguni e al. 2016a, b). The le els and a es
o collabo a ion in de eloping and implemen ing s a egies o sus ainable and e ec i e
s o mwa e uno managemen while conside ing he needs and iewpoin s o local com-
muni ies a e p ima ily in luenced by he pa icipa ion o hese ac o s (Williams e al. 2018).
The ange o ac o s in ol ed in he communi y go e nance o SUDS has a signi ican
impac no only on he le el and quali y o local leade ship bu also on he alloca ion o
esponsibili y, which in u n a ec s he in ol emen o s akeholde s in implemen ing SUDS
(Su he land e al. 2016). Communi y pe cep ions o isk, which a e shaped by he local
unde s anding o p epa edness, a e o en in luenced by ac o s such as ac o s’ knowledge
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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le els, academic in ol emen , and he le el o inno a ion in he communi y (Dodman and
Mi lin 2013; Williams e al. 2020; Sañudo-Fon aneda and Robina-Ramí ez 2019). These
ac o s can acili a e he implemen a ion o new and c ea i e ideas, p oduc i e collabo a-
ions, and e ec i e go e nance, all o which a e cen al o he implemen a ion and manage-
men o SUDS (He slund and Mguni 2019).
Educa ion campaigns can help o inc ease he adop ion o SUDS among p i a e s ake-
holde s by p omo ing awa eness o he bene i s o SUDS, such as imp o ed s o mwa e
managemen , educed looding, and imp o ed wa e quali y (B edhaue 2016; A mi age
e al. 2013). Howe e , he ime needed o implemen ing o managing SUDS can be a sig-
ni ican ac o in de e mining p i a e s akeholde s’ le el o engagemen , as i may equi e
subs an ial in es men s in ime and esou ces (Olumuyiwa 2014). The e o e, i is essen ial
o conside he pe spec i es and p io i ies o p i a e s akeholde s and he po en ial ba i-
e s hey may ace when de eloping and implemen ing SUDS s a egies. Add essing hese
ba ie s can help o ensu e ha p i a e s akeholde s a e ully engaged in p omo ing sus ain-
able s o mwa e managemen p ac ices.
3.3 Resou ces
Access o su icien communi y esou ces is essen ial o success ully implemen ing SUDS
in sub-Saha an ci ies. These esou ces encompass a ange o inancial, in as uc u al, ech-
nical, and knowledge-based asse s a he local le el (Win e 2016). Financial esou ces
can be used o in es in he necessa y in as uc u e, such as pe meable pa emen s, ain
Table 1 Key social s uc u e de e minan s ha in luence communi y go e nance o ganized by he ou
dimensions o he Policy A angemen App oach
DIMENSION SOCIAL STRU CTU RE DETERMINANTS
ACTORS • Communi y leade ship and alloca ion o esponsibili y
• Communi y inno a ion
• Technical skills and compe encies
• P i a e s akeholde in ol emen
• Academia in ol emen
RESOURCES • Communi y p io i ies o unding om bo h public and p i a e sou ces
• Communi y inancial incen i es
• P io i ies o land use and de elopmen by bo h public and p i a e en i ies
• Human esou ces
• Knowledge o SUDS
DISCOURSES • Managemen s a egies and planning p ocesses
• En i onmen egene a ion and p o ec ion
• Knowledge o suds ecosys em se ices
• Communi y pa icipa ion
• Communica ion and in o ma ion dissemina ion
RULES OF THE GAME • Regula o y amewo ks and legisla i e suppo
• Cul u al no ms, alues, and local languages
• Quali y and eliabili y o communi y poli ics
• Equi able ea men o all pa ne s
• Gende Roles and Equali y
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ga dens, and g een oo s, which can help o educe uno and imp o e s o mwa e man-
agemen (Ce ne and Ashley 2014).
Technical knowledge and expe ience le els wi hin he communi y can also be c i ical
in success ully implemen ing SUDS (A mi age 2011). Communi y aining p og ams and
educa ional ma e ials can help o inc ease awa eness o SUDS, in luence he a ailabili y o
labo o o e see implemen a ion, and p omo e he adop ion o sus ainable p ac ices. The
echnical expe ise o communi y membe s can also be le e aged o suppo he design,
ins alla ion, and main enance o SUDS in as uc u e (B edhaue 2016; du Toi e al. 2018).
In addi ion o inancial and echnical esou ces, space a ailabili y o SUDS implemen a-
ion is also essen ial. Communi y land p io i ies, such as designa ing spaces and a eas o
g een in as uc u e, can play a c i ical ole in p omo ing e ec i e s o mwa e managemen
(du Toi e al. 2018). The a ailabili y o land o SUDS implemen a ion is c ucial in a eas
whe e land is sca ce o compe i ion o land use is high (Mguni e al. 2016a, b).
Finally, ma ke incen i es can also play a ole in mo i a ing he up ake o SUDS. Fo
example, ax incen i es o eba es may encou age homeowne s o businesses o in es in
SUDS in as uc u e, while inancial incen i es may mo i a e de elope s o inco po a e
SUDS in o hei p ojec s (Ndeke eya and Dundu 2019).
3.4 Discou ses
The discou ses su ounding he communi y go e nance o SUDS a e c ucial in de e min-
ing he s uc u e o local go e nance a angemen s, decision-making p ocesses, and powe
dis ibu ion wi hin he communi y (He slund and Mguni 2019). These discou ses, which
may include local neighbo hood mee ings, communi y o ums, social g oups, and o he
communica ion channels, e e o he a ious o ms o communica ion and exchange o
ideas, in o ma ion, and opinions among communi y membe s ega ding he go e nance o
hei communi y (Williams e al. 2020). The discou ses may also e lec he alues and
belie s o communi y membe s, as well as hei social and poli ical a i udes and pe -
spec i es owa d en i onmen al sus ainabili y p og ams (Sañudo-Fon aneda and Robina-
Ramí ez 2019).
In addi ion o shaping communi y no ms and ules o beha io , p ac ical communi y
go e nance discou ses necessi a e ac i e engagemen , espec o di e se pe spec i es, and
a willingness o engage in cons uc i e dialogue. Engaging in such dialogues can nu u e a
sense o communi y owne ship and collec i e esponsibili y o he communi y’s wel a e.
This in ol es empowe ing esiden s and s akeholde s o ac i ely and meaning ully pa ici-
pa e in making decisions, managing, and implemen ing p ojec s o ini ia i es ha di ec ly
in luence hei li es and well-being. Consequen ly, hese inclusi e p ac ices con ibu e o
mo e e ec i e and sus ainable go e nance (Mulligan e al. 2020). Communi y-le el dis-
cou ses can also in luence managemen s a egies and planning p ocesses o he imple-
men a ion o SUDS, communi y awa eness o and eliance on he ecosys em se ices p o-
ided by SUDS, as well as he communi y’s inclina ions owa ds pos - lood en i onmen al
egene a ion and p o ec ion (Shackle on e al. 2015).
3.5 Rules o hegame
Rules o he game, whe he o mal o in o mal, play a c ucial ole in shaping he beha io
o communi y ac o s du ing he implemen a ion o SUDS. Fo mal ules may be es ablished
h ough egula o y amewo ks o legisla i e suppo , guiding issues such as zoning, land
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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use, en i onmen al p o ec ion, isk mapping, eme gency planning, and wa e managemen
(Ndeke eya and Dundu 2019). These o mal ules ensu e compliance and accoun abili y
among communi y ac o s (Qiao e al. 2019). Howe e , in o mal ules, such as cul u al
no ms and local languages, a e c i ical in shaping beha io and de e mining social ules.
Fo example, communi y membe s may ha e cul u al p ac ices ha in luence how hey
in e ac wi h he en i onmen o o he communi y membe s.
Simila ly, local languages may de e mine how in o ma ion is communica ed and dis-
semina ed among communi y membe s, in luencing he e ec i eness o communica ion
s a egies (du Toi e al. 2018). Gende oles and equali y a e also impo an conside a ions
when i comes o he implemen a ion o SUDS. Women, o example, may ha e di e -
en oles and esponsibili ies wi hin he communi y ha may a ec hei pa icipa ion in
SUDS p ojec s (Dodman and Mi lin 2013). Ensu ing equi able ea men o all communi y
pa ne s is also essen ial o building us and anspa ency in local poli ical ac ions and
p omo ing coope a ion among s akeholde s in ol ed in he implemen a ion o managemen
o SUDS (Dodman and Mi lin 2013).
3.6 Indica o s o assessing social s uc u e de e minan s
As depic ed in Table2, a se o indica o s has been de eloped o ende he social s uc u e
de e minan s mo e conc e e and p ac ical o assessing he po en ial in eg a ion o com-
muni y go e nance o SUDS in o local u ban s o mwa e managemen amewo ks. These
indica o s ha e been speci ically designed o acili a e a comp ehensi e e alua ion o com-
muni y go e nance in he con ex o SUDS go e nance. They se e as a ool o measu ing
he pe o mance o he social s uc u e de e minan s and he a ious dimensions o he
policy a angemen wi hin communi y go e nance.
Th ough ca e ully assessing hese elemen s, i becomes easible o iden i y speci ic
dimensions wi hin communi y go e nance ha may exhibi de iciencies o ulne abili-
ies. This iden i ica ion, in u n, c ea es aluable oppo uni ies o implemen ing a ge ed
in e en ions and s a egic ac ions o add ess hese speci ic dimensions. The objec i e is o
enhance he o e all e ec i eness o communi y go e nance and enable a seamless in eg a-
ion o SUDS in o local u ban s o mwa e managemen amewo ks.
The assessmen o hese indica o s can be conduc ed h ough in e iews wi h ele an
s akeholde s o s akeholde g oups who ha e a s ake o a e a ec ed by he SUDS go e n-
ance p ocesses, bo h a he indi idual and sys em le els. Each indica o ’s pe o mance can
be e alua ed using a p ede ined scale, such as low, medium, o high, which can be cali-
b a ed, based on he communi y s akeholde s’ capaci ies o engage wi h in ol emen and
pa icipa ion in SUDS go e nance p ocesses, such as design and managemen .
The o e all pe o mance o indica o s a he sys em le el can be e alua ed using a
weigh ed a e age a ing. This in ol es assigning speci ic weigh s o each indica o based
on i s ela i e impo ance wi hin he communi y go e nance amewo k. The pe o mance
a ings o all indica o s a e hen mul iplied by hei espec i e weigh s and added o cal-
cula e he weigh ed a e age a ing, p o iding a comp ehensi e measu e o he sys em’s
e ec i eness. This app oach allows o a holis ic assessmen ha conside s he collec i e
impac o a ious indica o s and hei signi icance in managing he communi y go e nance
aspec s being e alua ed.
I is essen ial o acknowledge ha he e may no be a need o e alua e all indica o s
wi hin he amewo k in a gi en assessmen . The e alua ion p ocess can be con ex -speci ic
and selec i e, wi h indica o s chosen om di e en amewo k dimensions based on he
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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Page 15 o 19 42
4.5 Inno a ion andcollabo a ion assessmen o e ec i e go e nance
B oadening he assessmen o e alua e communi y inno a ion, echnical skills, p i a e
s akeholde engagemen , and academia in ol emen is a ecogni ion o he nuanced and
loca ion-speci ic ai s wi hin local adap a ion a enas in sub-Saha an communi ies (Dod-
man and Mi lin 2013). This e alua ion becomes a c ucial ool in shaping SUDS solu ions
ha a e ailo ed o he unique challenges o each communi y. By acknowledging he dis-
inc con ex and cha ac e is ics, he assessmen ensu es ha SUDS ini ia i es a e no one-
size- i s-all bu a he esponsi e o he in icacies o each local en i onmen . Fu he mo e,
he assessmen o p i a e s akeholde s and academia in ol emen un eils oppo uni ies o
syne gize local insigh s wi h ex e nal expe ise. This s a egic in eg a ion no only opens
a enues o p i a e sec o in es men s in s o mwa e managemen bu also en iches he
decision-making p ocesses wi h di e se pe spec i es. The collabo a ion be ween local and
ex e nal ac o s u he enhances he obus ness o SUDS ini ia i es, os e ing inno a ion
and e iciency.
4.6 Cul u al anden i onmen al adjus men
The go e nance assessmen amewo k places a signi ican ocus on e alua ing he in lu-
ence o in eg a ing cul u al alues in o he design and go e nance o SUDS. Tailo ing
assessmen s o di e se cul u al and en i onmen al con ex s in sub-Saha an A ica unde -
sco es he need o cul i a e local knowledge. This app oach ensu es ha ulne abil-
i y assessmen s no only iden i y key ac o s bu also acili a e he seamless in eg a ion
o e alua ion ou comes in o ac ionable s eps wi hin planning p ocesses. The amewo k,
he e o e, unde sco es he dynamic ela ionship be ween cul u al alues, local knowledge
gene a ion, and he e ec i e implemen a ion o SUDS ini ia i es.
5 Conclusion
This s udy p esen s a no el assessmen amewo k oo ed in he policy a angemen
app oach o e alua e social de e minan s in luencing communi y go e nance in SUDS
implemen a ion. By explo ing dimensions such as communi y ac o s, esou ces, dis-
cou ses, and ules o he game, his holis ic app oach p o ides insigh s in o he in ica e
dynamics o communi y go e nance sys ems. The de elopmen o 65 indica o s o e s
a comp ehensi e ool o esea che s and p ac i ione s o del e in o he complexi ies o
SUDS managemen .
The con ex ual nuances wi hin he sub-Saha an con ex unde sco e he impo ance o ai-
lo ed assessmen s ha accoun o local adap a ion a enas. Mo eo e , he emphasis on com-
muni y knowledge and pa icipa ion highligh s he signi icance o inclusi i y in SUDS p o-
jec s. Howe e , challenges pe sis in assessing ecological and economic ac o s, as well as
b oade issues beyond communi y con ol, such as s a e suppo and esou ce dis ibu ion.
While his s udy p ima ily ocuses on social s uc u e de e minan s, add essing hese
challenges will be c ucial o ad ancing communi y go e nance o SUDS. Fu u e esea ch
should s i e o de elop s a egies ha e ec i ely na iga e hese complexi ies, ensu ing
equi able and sus ainable managemen o na u e-based u ban s o mwa e sys ems.
Mi ig Adap S a eg Glob Change (2024) 29:42
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42 Page 16 o 19
Au ho con ibu ions Simon Muwa u concei ed he idea, conduc ed he li e a u e sea ch and o mal analysis,
and d a ed he ini ial manusc ip . Simon Muwa u and Lena Röl e de ised he esea ch design. Ma ía Máñez
Cos a and Jü gen Sche an p o ided guidance and supe ision. All au ho s c i ically e ised and app o ed he
inal e sion, esul ing in a comp ehensi e con ibu ion o he sus ainable u ban d ainage sys ems ield.
Funding Open Access unding enabled and o ganized by P ojek DEAL.
Da a a ailabili y We do no analyze o gene a e any da ase s. One can ob ain ele an ma e ials om he
e e ences below.
Decla a ions
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