Laza , Nusa
A icle
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Ago a In e na ional Jou nal o Economical Sciences (AIJES)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Facul y o Economic Sciences, Ago a Uni e si y o O adea
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Laza , Nusa (2024) : THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES, Ago a In e na ional Jou nal o Economical
Sciences (AIJES), ISSN 2067-7669, Ago a Uni e si y P ess, O adea, Romania, Vol. 18, Iss. 1, pp.
111-123,
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ISSN 2067-3310, E-ISSN 2067-7669
Vol. 18, No. 1 (2024), pp. 111-123
111
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
N. LAZAR
Nuša Laza
Deko ina d.o.o. / Ljubljana School o Business, Slo enia
h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-5898-4968, E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : Sus ainable de elopmen has been one o he co e s a egies o he EU. The e m
e e s o h ee basic componen s: he economic componen , which is associa ed wi h balanced
g ow h, he en i onmen al componen which e e s o he p ese a ion o he ecosys em, and he
social componen , which gua an ees in e - and in a-gene a ional equali y. While alking abou
sus ainabili y i is impo an also o ackle he opic o ci cula economy. The ci cula economy aims
o p ese e alue by designing ou was e and pollu ion, op imizing esou ces by keeping p oduc s
and ma e ials in use, and ensu ing sys em e ec i eness by egene a ing na u al sys ems. One o he
s a egies o he EU o achie e sus ainable de elopmen and he mo e owa ds a ci cula economy is
o suppo i h ough a ious EU- ounded p ojec s. In his a icle, we will elabo a e on he cu en
s a e o sus ainable de elopmen o EU- ounded schemes and how hey can be used o di e en
p ojec s o local communi ies and ci ies since ci ies a e seen as bo h he sou ce and solu ion o
oday's economic, en i onmen al, and social challenges. Fu he mo e, in he a icle, we will ou line
some bes p ac ices o EU- ounded p ojec s a ound sus ainable de elopmen in he case o he ci y o
Ma ibo , Slo enia, and indica e hei impo ance o i s communi y.
Keywo ds: sus ainabili y, ci cula economy, EU, unds, p ojec s, local communi ies, Ma ibo .
1 INTRODUCTION
Sus ainable, ecological, g een, eco- iendly, e c. a e e ms used in ou e e yday li es,
p ac ically on a daily basis. These e ms a e all synonyms o each o he . Sus ainabili y is o en e e ed
o as “sus ainable de elopmen ” (EC, 2022b), which means mee ing ou own needs wi hou
comp omising he abili y o u u e gene a ions o mee hei own needs. I includes h ee pilla s:
economic, en i onmen al, and social. Sus ainabili y mo e in de ail implies a link owa ds
en i onmen al impac s; in o he wo ds, he consump ion o na u al esou ces and he delibe a ion o
pollu ion and ene gy use, he conce n o economic hemes o g ow h and du abili y, addi ionally
connec ed o social inclusion and dis ibu ion o weal h (Musg a e & Raj, 2009). To achie e
sus ainabili y, he ollowing con empo aneous achie emen s a e necessa y (Pu is e al., 2019):
En i onmen al sus ainabili y e e s o he conse a ion and esponsible managemen o
na u al esou ces (p ima ily non- enewable as well as i al o he main enance o li e, such
as ai , wa e , and land) whe e i is impo an o minimize pollu ion and p o ec he
en i onmen .
Economic sus ainabili y e e s o c ea ing p ospe i y a di e en le els o socie y, h ough he
long- e m sus ainabili y o en e p ises and o he ela ed economic ac i i ies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
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Social sus ainabili y implies an equi able dis ibu ion o bene i s, as well as espec ing human
igh s and main aining and s eng hening local communi ies.
While alking abou sus ainabili y i is impo an also o ackle he opic o ci cula economy.
The ci cula economy is a model o p oduc ion and consump ion, which in ol es sha ing, leasing,
eusing, epai ing, e u bishing, and ecycling exis ing ma e ials and p oduc s as long as possible. In
his way, he li e cycle o p oduc s is ex ended. As de ined by he Ellen MacA hu Founda ion
(2015), a ci cula economy aims o p ese e alue – by designing ou was e and pollu ion, and
op imizing esou ces – by keeping p oduc s and ma e ials in use and ensu ing sys em e ec i eness
by egene a ing na u al sys ems. The e icien ( e)use and ecycling o esou ces, ma e ials, and
p oduc s om closed loops ep esen s he ansi ion away om consump ion- and disposal-based
linea models. The Ellen Maca hu ounda ion designed he in og aphic below o show how he
ci cula economy wo ks (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1
The bu e ly diag am: isualising he ci cula economy.
Sou ce: Ellen MacA hu Founda ion (2019).
Cu en ly, abou 85% o global GDP is gene a ed h ough ci ies. Such apid g ow h pu s
eno mous p essu e on u ban esou ces, ca ying capaci ies, and quali y o li e. Simul aneously, abou
70% o he ene gy is used by ci ies and he p opo ion o he wo ld’s popula ion li ing in u ban a eas
is expec ed o inc ease, eaching abou 70% by 2050. Quan i a i e analysis o he global esou ce
equi emen s o u u e u baniza ion shows ha ma e ial consump ion by he wo ld’s ci ies will g ow
om 40 billion onnes in 2010 o abou 90 billion onnes by 2050 (EC, 2020b).
Nuša LAZAR
113
Ci ies and egions play an impo an ole in making he ci cula ansi ion happen, as hey a e
a he cen e o key decisions de e mining economic g ow h, social well-being, and en i onmen al
bene i s. On he one hand, ci ies and egions ha e di ec compe ences in key ci cula economy sec o s
such as buildings, mobili y, and was e managemen , among o he s. On he o he hand, ci ies and
egions a e also di ec ly connec ed o local ne wo ks. As a esul , hey a e in a special posi ion o
channel local esou ces o he deploymen o ci cula inno a ions along he alue-chain o p io i y
sec o s and p oduc s. Fo ci ies and egions, he ci cula economy ep esen s an oppo uni y o e hink
p oduc ion and consump ion models, se ices, and in as uc u e o enable long- e m alue e en ion
o p oduc s and ma e ials, inc ease esou ce p oduc i i y and u he cap u e alue a e p oduc end-
o -li e. In his con ex , he ansi ion o a ci cula economy equi es a sys emic change whe e
p o ision o se ices is ca ied ou by ensu ing an e icien use o p ima y esou ces and gi ing
p io i y o hei euse; economic ac i i ies a e planned om a li e cycle pe spec i e and ca ied ou
in o de o close, slow and na ow loops ac oss alue-chains and in as uc u es a e designed and buil
o a oid linea locks-in (OECD, 2020).
The e a e special unding oppo uni ies o ci ies and u ban a eas wi hin he EU, o suppo
ci ies and egions in hei ansi ion o sus ainable de elopmen and ci cula economy, since one o
he s a egies o he EU is o achie e sus ainable de elopmen and he mo e owa ds a ci cula
economy. The goal o he esea ch in his a icle is closely ela ed o he p e iously men ioned
sus ainable de elopmen and EU unds co ela ed o his opic. I wan s o p o e ha EU- ounded
schemes can be used o di e en p ojec s o local communi ies and ci ies in ha ield and suppo
he mo e o a g eene EU.
1. 1 Sus ainable de elopmen , and ci cula economy – he ocus o he EU
In Decembe 2015, he Eu opean Commission pu o wa d a Ci cula Economy package
con aining an ac ion plan and legisla i e p oposals on was e managemen . This was hen adop ed in
2018.
The Eu opean Commission adop ed he new ci cula economy ac ion plan (CEAP) in Ma ch
2020, which aims o p omo e mo e sus ainable p oduc design, educe was e, and empowe
consume s, o example by c ea ing igh o epai ) (EC, 2020a). The e is a ocus on esou ce in ensi e
sec o s, such as elec onics and ICT, plas ics, ex iles, and cons uc ion. I is one o he main building
blocks o he Eu opean G een Deal, Eu ope’s new agenda o sus ainable g ow h (Eu opean
Pa liamen , 2023a). In Feb ua y 2021, he Pa liamen adop ed a esolu ion on he new ci cula
economy ac ion plan demanding addi ional measu es o achie e a ca bon-neu al, en i onmen ally
sus ainable, oxic- ee, and ully ci cula economy by 2050 (EC, 2023b).
The Eu opean G een Deal se s he bluep in o a ans o ma ional change. A change which
will b ing wi h i many bene i s, om c ea ing new oppo uni ies o inno a ion, in es men , and
g een jobs, o imp o ing heal h and wellbeing. All 27 EU Membe S a es commi ed o u ning he
EU in o he i s clima e neu al con inen by 2050. To ge he e, hey pledged o educe emissions by
a leas 55% by 2030, compa ed o 1990 le els. The EU now has legally binding clima e a ge s
co e ing all key sec o s o he economy. The o e all package includes (EC, 2023b):
emissions educ ion a ge s ac oss a b oad ange o sec o s;
a a ge o boos na u al ca bon sinks;
an upda ed emissions ading sys em o cap emissions, pu a p ice on pollu ion and gene a e;
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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in es men s in he g een ansi ion;
and social suppo o ci izens and small businesses.
The EU’s new ci cula ac ion plan pa es he way o a cleane and mo e compe i i e Eu ope.
The EU’s ansi ion o a ci cula economy will educe p essu e on na u al esou ces and will c ea e
sus ainable g ow h and jobs. I is also a p e equisi e o achie e he EU’s 2050 clima e neu ali y a ge
and o hal biodi e si y loss. The new ac ion plan announces ini ia i es along he en i e li e cycle o
p oduc s. I a ge s how p oduc s a e designed, p omo es ci cula economy p ocesses, encou ages
sus ainable consump ion, and aims o ensu e ha was e is p e en ed, and he esou ces used a e kep
in he EU economy o as long as possible. I in oduces legisla i e and non-legisla i e measu es
a ge ing a eas whe e ac ion a he EU le el b ings eal added alue. The key objec i es a e (EC,
2023a):
make sus ainable p oduc s he no m in he EU;
empowe consume s and public buye s;
ocus on he sec o s ha use mos esou ces and whe e he po en ial o ci cula i y is high such
as: elec onics and ICT, ba e ies and ehicles, packaging, plas ics, ex iles, cons uc ion and
buildings, ood, wa e and nu ien s;
ensu e less was e;
make ci cula i y wo k o people, egions and ci ies;
lead global e o s on ci cula economy.
The Eu opean Union is p o iding se e al unding p og ams o suppo he ansi ion o a
ci cula economy, o suppo sus ainable de elopmen , and g een ansi ion. In Scheme 2 he
commi ed unds un il 2020 a e p esen ed, as well as he es ima ed unding need. This shows he
impo ance o he needed change owa ds sus ainabili y and ci cula i y o he EU.
Scheme 2
Eu opean Union commi ed unds un il 2020.
Sou ce: Eu opean Pa liamen (2023b).
Nuša LAZAR
115
The impo ance o sus ainable de elopmen o he EU is shown also in he con ex o
suppo ing EU candida e coun ies in hei sus ainable de elopmen . Fo example, o Mon eneg o,
he EU is combining he esou ces o he Eu opean Union, assis ing he ins i u ions a all le els, he
business communi y, ci il socie y, and ci izens as well as suppo ing sus ainable de elopmen wi h
EU unds. In he pas 3 yea s, he EU con ibu ed 15 million USD in in es men s o ad ance he
sus ainable de elopmen goals (Uni ed Na ions Mon eneg o, 2024). In ecen yea s, Mon eneg o has
ul illed some o he condi ions ha b ing i close o he p oposal o sus ainable de elopmen
(Smolo ić e . al, 2023): legisla ion is being de eloped, a c i ical mass o knowledge has been eached,
and he beha io o en ep eneu s is also changing. This is possible only in he in e disciplina y way
o sol ing p oblems and should be applied he e also in he u u e. One o he ways o do i is by
pa icipa ing in EU- unded p ojec s, as well as wi h di e en knowledge ans e ac i i ies as
obse ing pa ne s in such p ojec s.
1. 2 EU unding p og ams o sus ainabili y, ci cula economy, and g een ansi ion
The Eu opean Union is p o iding se e al unding p og ams o suppo he ansi ion o a
ci cula economy, such as he Eu opean S uc u al and In es men Funds, Ho izon 2020, and he
LIFE p og am. In addi ion, he Eu opean In es men Bank (EIB) is p o iding inance and ad ice o
ci cula economy p ojec s h ough he In es EU Ad iso y Hub (EU 2019).
The h ee p incipal unding ins umen s o he ansi ion o a ci cula economy include:
sha ed managemen unds, he Ho izon Eu ope p og am, and he LIFE p og am (OECD, 2023).
Sha ed managemen unds a e EU unds ha a e sha ed wi h Membe S a es and egions.
These include:
he Eu opean S uc u al and In es men Funds (ESI unds), in pa icula , he Eu opean
Regional De elopmen und (ERDF),
he Eu opean Social Fund Plus (ESF+),
he Cohesion Fund (CF),
and he Jus T ansi ion Fund (JTF).
Ho izon Eu ope is he EU’s Resea ch and Inno a ion p og am wi h a budge o nea ly EUR
100 billion, unning un il 2027. This includes almos EUR 5.5 billion om he Nex Gene a ionEU
(NGEU) ins umen o suppo g eene , digi alized, and mo e esilien socie ies and economic
eco e y om he COVID c isis. The budge is di ided among 4 pilla s and 15 componen s o suppo
se e al a eas o esea ch and inno a ion (R&I).
The LIFE p og amme is he EU’s unding ins umen o he en i onmen and clima e ac ion
wi h a budge o EUR 5.4 billion o he unding pe iod 2021-2027. I has ou sub-p og ams, one o
which co e s he ci cula economy. The “Ci cula economy and quali y o li e” sub-p og am co-
inances p ojec s in ci cula economy, including he eco e y o esou ces om was e, as well as
p ojec s conce ning wa e , ai , noise, soil and chemical managemen , and en i onmen al go e nance.
O he inancing oppo uni ies a he EU le el o he ci cula economy ansi ion a e (OECD,
2023, AAL P og amme, n. d., EC, n. d.):
In e eg is a unding ins umen o suppo c oss-bo de , ansna ional, and in e egional
coope a ion, as well as o ou e mos egions. I seeks o ackle common challenges and ind
common solu ions in se e al a eas.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
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The New Eu opean Bauhaus (NEB) is a c ea i e and in e disciplina y ini ia i e connec ing
he Eu opean G een Deal o li ing spaces and expe iences.
The Inno a ion Fund (IF) a ge s he comme cial demons a ion o inno a i e low-ca bon
echnologies.
The Digi al Eu ope P og amme (DIGITAL) is a new EU unding p og amme. I aims o
accele a e economic eco e y and shape he digi al ans o ma ion wi h i s ocus on businesses
(especially SMEs), ci izens and public adminis a ions.
AAL p og amme is a unding p og am ha aims o c ea e a be e quali y o li e o olde
people and o s eng hen indus ial oppo uni ies in he ield o heal hy aging echnology and
inno a ion.
The E asmus+ p og amme, along wi h he well-known lea ning mobili y o indi iduals and
coope a ion be ween o ganiza ions and ins i u ions, also enables suppo o policy e o m
(including he ield o educa ion and sus ainable de elopmen policies).
The e a e special unding oppo uni ies o ci ies and u ban a eas, such a e:
Eu opean U ban Ini ia i e, which suppo s u ban a eas o all sizes wi h inno a i e ac ions,
capaci y and knowledge building, policy de elopmen , and communica ion on sus ainable
u ban de elopmen (Eu opean U ban Ini ia i e, n. d.).
URBACT, which d i es change all o e Eu ope by enabling he coope a ion and idea exchange
amongs ci ies wi hin hema ic ne wo ks, by building he skills o local s akeholde s in he
design and implemen a ion o in eg a ed and pa icipa o y policies, and by sha ing knowledge
and good ci y p ac ices (URBACT, n. d.).
EIT Clima e-KIC is Eu ope’s leading clima e inno a ion agency and communi y, suppo ing
ci ies, egions, coun ies, and indus ies o mee hei clima e ambi ions h ough sys ems
inno a ion and place-based ans o ma ions (EIT Clima e-KIC, 2024).
When deciding how o choose he igh p og am, i is impo an o con empla e he ollowing:
Wha is he cen al opic o he p ojec ?
Wha is he main objec i e and pu pose o he p ojec ?
Wha is he unding o (knowledge exchange, inancing o inno a i e in es men s, educa ion,
e c.)?
Wha kind o pa ne ship will be es ablished: na ional o in e na ional pa ne ships?
Only by answe ing hese ques ions, he p ope decision abou he sui able unding p og am
o applying one’s p ojec idea can be made.
2 METHODOLOGY
The con en o he i s chap e s o he pape is he needed desk- esea ch o unde s and he
opic and unde s and he backg ound o EU- unded p ojec s. This helps also ci ies and egions, a he
local le el, while p epa ing hei sus ainable s a egies and applying o EU unds: mos ly wi h case
s udy esea ch, eco d keeping, and quali a i e obse a ions. In his chap e , he ollowing scien i ic
esea ch me hods we e used in he p ocessing o he opics discussed in his pape in app op ia e
combina ions: me hods o abs ac ion and conc e iza ion, me hods o gene aliza ion and
specializa ion, quali a i e esea ch in ol ing collec ing non-nume ical da a, obse a ions, and case
s udy esea ch on he selec ed opic, as well as me hods o analysis and syn hesis in de e mining he
Nuša LAZAR
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app op ia e necessa y knowledge o sus ainable de elopmen and applying i o he EU- unded
p ojec s in he case o he ci y o Ma ibo .
Based on he be o emen ioned con en analysis and hema ic analysis o he ield o
sus ainabili y, ci cula economy, ci ies' in ol emen in he opic, and EU unding oppo uni ies, we
analyzed se e al di e en Ci cula Economy Ini ia i es a ci y le els desc ibed and p esen ed online
(Ams e dam, Ba celona, Copenhagen, Helsinki, London, Ma ibo ). These ini ia es a e o en he
s a ing poin o he ci cula ansi ion o ci ies o egions and he baseline o p ojec s’ applica ions.
Fu he , we will ou line some bes p ac ices o EU- ounded p ojec s a ound sus ainable de elopmen
and indica e hei impo ance o u he de elopmen in he example o he ci y o Ma ibo , based on
he expe expe ience as well as i s hand expe ience o he au ho , who is also wo king in he ield
o sus ainable de elopmen , ci cula economy, and g een ansi ion h ough EU- unded p ojec s.
Toge he we looked a 25 di e en EU- unded p ojec s ca ied ou in he ci y o Ma ibo in
he pe iod om 2016 o 2024, which ha e an emphasis on sus ainabili y, ci cula economy, and g een
ansi ion in p ac ice (RRA Pod a je – Ma ibo , n. d.). Based on ha we decided o p esen he
ollowing 3 (desc ibing he co ne s ones o he ci cula economy in he ci y o Ma ibo , Slo enia):
1. The GREENCYCLE p ojec laid he ounda ion o he ci cula economy ansi ion in Ma ibo
since one o he ou comes was he S a egy o he T ansi ion o a Ci cula Economy in he
Municipali y o Ma ibo . This is one o he co ne documen s o EU p ojec s’ applica ions
o p ojec s in Ma ibo and p esen s an impo an miles one in he ci y’s ansi ion om linea
o ci cula economy.
2. The CINDERELA p ojec was he i s Ho izon 2020 ounded p ojec in he ield o ci cula
economy in Ma ibo . The aim o he p ojec was o c ea e ways o p ocess cons uc ion was e
and demoli ion was e, which oge he wi h was e om indus y, municipal se ices, and
o he s, o m excellen seconda y aw ma e ials o cons uc ion wo k. Also, he au ho wo ked
on he p ojec as pa o he p ojec managemen eam and has i s hand expe ience wi h he
men ioned p ojec .
3. The CITY WATER CIRCLE p ojec ocused on he u ban ci cula wa e managemen . The
p ojec enabled a digi al lea ning cen e o anyone who wan s o handle wa e mo e
sus ainably. Smalle pilo s we e also pa o he p ojec , whe eby Ma ibo ’s pilo and an
excep ional added alue o he p ojec since i was done in co ela ion wi h he acqui ed
CIDNERELA p ojec . Also, he au ho wo ked on he p ojec as pa o he p ojec ’s
s akeholde g oup and has i s hand expe ience wi h he men ioned p ojec .
3 RESULTS - BEST PRACTICES OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
The s a ing poin o he ci cula ansi ion o ci ies o egions and he baseline o EU p ojec s’
applica ions a e o en Ci cula Economy Ini ia i es. These a e p epa ed by ci ies and egions and a e
he basis o a sus ainable ci cula economy and on he o he hand, a e suppo ing he ansi ion o
ci cula economy. In his chap e , we will ake a look a some o hem.
Fu he mo e, we will look a some examples o EU- unded p ojec s o he sus ainable
de elopmen in he ci y o Ma ibo , Slo enia, and how hey in luenced he ansi ion o sus ainable
de elopmen and ci cula economy o he ci y.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
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3. 1 Ci cula economy ini ia i es a he local le el
In p e ious yea s, se e al ci ies and egions in Eu ope ha e de ined hei own Ci cula
Economy Ini ia i es o se he basis o sus ainable ci cula economy and ecosys ems and o make he
ansi ion ci cula economy. In Table 1 selec ed ci cula economy ini ia i es a e lis ed (only EU).
Table 1
Selec ed ci cula economy ini ia i es a he local le el in EU ci ies.
Ci y
Ini ia i e
Ams e dam (Ne he lands)
Ams e dam Ci cula 2020-2025 S a egy
Building Blocks o he New S a egy Ams e dam Ci cula 2020-2025 (2019)
The Ams e dam Ci y Doughnu . A Tool o T ans o ma i e Ac ion
Ba celona Me opoli an A ea
(Spain)
Ci cula Economy P omo ion P og am AMB Ci cula (2019)
Copenhagen (Denma k)
Ci cula Copenhagen: Resou ce and Was e Managemen Plan 2024 (2019)
Helsinki (Finland)
Ci y o Helsinki’s Roadmap o Ci cula and Sha ing Economy (2020)
Lappeen an a (Finland)
Ci y o Lappeen an a Ci cula Economy Roadmap 2019
London (Uni ed Kingdom)
London’s Ci cula Economy Rou e Map (2019)
Ma ibo (Slo enia)
S a egy o he T ansi ion o a Ci cula Economy in he Municipali y o
Ma ibo (2018)
Mu cia (Spain)
Assessmen o he S a e o Ci cula Economy in Mu cia (2020)
Nan es Me opoli an A ea
(F ance)
Ci cula Economy Roadmap Nan es (2018)
(Feuille de ou e Economie ci culai e Nan es Mé opole)
Pa is (F ance)
Ci cula Economy Plan 2017-2020 (2017)
1s Roadmap Pa is Ci cula Economy Plan (2017)
2nd Roadmap Pa is Ci cula Economy Plan (2018)
Tu ku (Finland)
Tu ku Resou ce Wisdom Roadmap 2015-2040
Valladolid (Spain)
Valladolid Ci cula Economy Roadmap (2017-2018)
Sou ce: Adop ed by OECD (2020).
The ci cula economy ansi ion calls o coope a ion be ween s akeholde s and ci izens,
ac oss le els o go e nmen and public o ices. Ci ies and egions can play he ole o acili a o s by
(OECD, 2020) i) implemen ing e ec i e mul i-le el go e nance coo dina ion; ii) enhancing policy
cohe ence and sys emic hinking; iii) os e ing s akeholde engagemen , and i ) adop ing a unc ional
app oach o iden i y he app op ia e scale o ac ion. Implemen a ion o EU p ojec s is one o he co e
ac i i ies in he ci cula economy ansi ion and enables especially smalle ci ies and communi ies
he unds needed o "s a he wo k".
